Unit 5 First Aid 教学知识细解码

1．radiate vt.发射出(光、热等) →radiation n．辐射；放射线2．metre n．米→millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米3．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族4．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency n．紧迫；急迫；急事5．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松弛地；零散地1．acid n．酸  adj.酸的；酸性的；尖刻的①Everyone doesn't like to hear the acid remarks.尖刻的②This chemical acts as a part of an acid in our experiment.酸③Cars cause pollution，both smog and acid rain.酸的；酸性的2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 n．未成年人；辅修科目①He had three minors this semester.辅修科目②This is a very minor operation and there is very little risk involved.较小的③The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors.未成年人Words And Phrases　technique n．技能；技术；技艺(教材P50)　What first­aid techniques do you know of? 你知道哪些急救技巧？[例1]　The new technique works better than the one it has replaced.这项新技术比之前的效果要好。[例2]　She needs to work on her interview technique if she's going to get a job.如果她想找到工作，就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。[翻译]　处理那类问题他有特殊技巧。He has a special technique for dealing with problems of that sort.[知识拓展]have a technique for 有……的技术technique in   ……方面的技术[即学即练]　单句语法填空①They learn basic techniques in self­defence.②Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump.　sense of touch触觉(教材P50)　It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。[例1]　His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight. 他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。[例2]　Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions. 新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。[翻译]　他们非常相信自己的触觉。They trusted their own sense of touch very much.[知识拓展]sense of responsibility/duty 责任感，责任心 sense of humor    幽默感，幽默 sense of belonging    归宿感，归属感 sense of smell    嗅觉 sense of beauty    美感；审美感 sense of direction   方向感[即学即练]　完成句子①Good chef must have a good sense of smell. 好厨师必须有好嗅觉。②He had a poor sense of direction and soon got lost. 他方向感很差，一会儿就迷路了。③He is distinguished for his sense of humor．他以其幽默感著称。　minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的(教材P50)　Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。[例1]　That's a relatively minor matter.We can leave it till later.相对来说那是件小事。我们可以把它留到以后解决。[例2]　Even minor head injuries can cause long­lasting psychological effects. 即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。[翻译]　就是小问题才会累积。It's the little minor problems that add up.[知识拓展](1)a minor matter　 小事a minor party   少数党(2)minority n． [U，C]少数民族；少数a/the minority of   少数的be in the/a minority    占少数[即学即练]　单句语法填空①This is a minor matter，but I actually think it is my life biggest pain.②It is reported that women are in the minority at the meeting.③It's clear that only a minority of people support these new laws.　loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的(教材P51)　Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。[例1]　She is wearing a loose dress.她穿着一件宽松的连衣裙。[例2]　His logic is too loose to make much sense.他的推理太不严密，没什么道理。[翻译]　马自由自在地在田野里。The horse is loose in the field.[知识拓展]at a loose end　　 无所事事；无事可做break loose from   摆脱，挣脱have (got) a loose tongue   说话没遮拦on the loose   在逃；不受约束[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I'm at a bit of a loose end this afternoon.Do you fancy a game of tennis?  ②Be careful what you tell Sam—she's got a very loose tongue，you know.③There are ten prisoners on the loose.　urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的(教材P51)　If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。[例1]　Can you come to the phone—it sounds urgent.你能来接个电话吗——听起来挺紧急的。[例2]　Don't forget that one，it's rather urgent.别把那事忘了，情况相当紧急。[翻译]　现在她需要紧急治疗。She needs urgent treatment now.[知识拓展](1)an urgent problem　 急迫的问题be urgent for sb. to do sth. 急切地催促某人做某事It is most urgent that...  ……很紧急(2)urgently adv. 紧急地，急迫地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①“Do you see it？” he demanded urgently(urgent)．②It is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital.③She was urgent for the doctor to come(come)．　ease vt.减轻；缓解  vi.& vt.使容易；使顺利  n．容易；舒适；自在(教材P51)　Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。[例1]　A smile is a sign that you are happy，which helps put people at ease.微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。[例2]　My parents are retired and now live a life of ease.我的父母都退休了，现在过着安逸舒适的生活。[翻译]　医生给了他一些止痛药来减轻他的痛苦。The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain.[知识拓展](1)take one's ease　 使某人放松一下at ease    舒适；快活；自由自在put sb. at ease    使某人感到轻松自在； 使某人安心feel/look at ease    感到/看上去心情放松with ease    容易地；毫不费劲地(2)ease sb. of sth.    减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①He handed her a cup of coffee to put her at ease.②I don't feel at ease in the strange place.在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。③This medicine will ease you of your pain．这种药会缓解你的痛苦。④Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease．现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。Sentence Patterns　as引导非限制性定语从句(教材P50)　As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。句式分析：句中As you can imagine 是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，作imagine的宾语。[例1]　As you can imagine，running out of memory is a bad thing.正如您可以想象的，内存耗尽是一件很糟糕的事情。[例2]　As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。[翻译]　众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。As is known to all，China is a country with the largest population in the world.[知识拓展](1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。(3)引导限制性定语从句。这时，其先行词的前面通常有such，the same 修饰，构成the same...as，such...as结构。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①This man，as you know，is good for nothing.②He borrowed the same book as the one I am reading.③Einstein，as is well known，is a famous scientist.＝It is well known that Einstein is a famous scientist.＝What is well known is that Einstein is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。　if...省略句结构(教材P51)　Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。句式分析：句中if necessary为if it is necessary的省略结构。[例1]　If necessary the patient can then visit his doctor for further advice. 如有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。[例2]　The article could be spun out to 6，000 words if necessary. 如果需要的话，这篇文章可以加长到六千字。[翻译]　如果需要，打个电话给我。If necessary，give me a ring.[知识拓展]if possible　 如果可能的话if so   假如这样的话if not    假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则if ever    即使有[即学即练]　完成句子①I might see you tomorrow.If not，then it'll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。②If possible，I wish to go there next summer.如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。③They think she may try to phone.If so，someone must stay here.他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。④He seldom，if ever，goes to the movies by himself.他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.[分析] 句中and连接表示顺承关系的四个并列谓语，其中when things are too hot or cold为when引导的时间状语从句。 [译文] 它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。2．Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.[分析] 句中Applying oil to the injured areas为动名词短语作主语，谓语为第三人称单数，as引导的是一个原因状语从句。[译文] 在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。 教材高考1.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun's rays.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.2.If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(2019·天津卷)By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.3.What first­aid techniques do you know of？(2019·天津卷)I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this.4.If burns are on the face，make sure the victim can still breathe.(2019·北京卷)Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can aim at victims precisely.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．How do the two techniques(technique) compare in terms of application?2．Red Cross officials said they urgently(urgent) needed bread and water.3．The murderer escaped from prison last year and is still on the loose.4．Rescue workers are digging through the rubble in search of other victims(victim)．5．And they are still rising by about 5 millimetres (millimetre) a year.6．Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation (radiate) treatment.7．The evidence suggests that our sense of touch is programmed to diminish with age.8．The eye is one of the most delicate organs (organ) of the body.9．It will be sunny this afternoon.If so，we will go swimming.10．As we all know，England is an island among the Atlantic Ocean.Ⅱ.短语填空sense of touch；have a technique for；at a loose end；an urgent problem；if necessary1．I could come earlier tomorrow，if necessary．2．Adolescents are most likely to get into trouble when they're at a loose end．3．He has a technique for improving the speed of the train.4．A pianist or a violinist must have a delicate sense of touch．5．How to improve the students' Chinese writing abilities remains an urgent problem to solve for the inland minority national middle schools.Ⅲ.课文语法填空The skin is an essential part of your body，1.which acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun's rays.Its getting burned can lead 2.to very serious injuries.Giving first aid is the first and most important step in the 3.treatment (treat) of burns.Burns can 4.be caused (cause) by a variety of things like hot liquids，acids，or other chemicals.They are divided into three types，depending on 5.the depth of skin damage.First­degree burns affect only the top few 6.millimetres (millimeter) of skin.Second­degree burns go below the top layer of the skin.Third­degree burns affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.If you get 7.burnt (burn)，first place burns under cool running water.Then dry the burnt area 8.gently (gent) with a clean cloth.Remove any clothes 9.using (use) scissors if necessary.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.If the victim is suffering from second or third­degree burns，there is an urgent need 10.to take (take) him/her to the hospital at once.