还剩22页未读，
继续阅读
高中英语Unit 5 Languages around the world知识点教案
展开
这是一份高中英语Unit 5 Languages around the world知识点教案，共25页。
新必修一unit5
课文
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:
CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221- -207 BCE).
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
中文书写系统:
连接过去和现在
中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名，尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。这是可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的文字系统。
最初，书面中文是一种以图画为基础的语言。它可以追溯到几千年前的龙鼓使用-动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号的古代中国人。在今天的汉字中还可以看到一些古代的符号。
到了商朝(约公元前1600-1046年)，这些符号已经成为一种非常发达的书写系统。随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为那时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多不同的方言和汉字。然而，这种情况在秦朝(公元前221年-公元前207年)的秦始皇时期发生了改变。
秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。这种书写系统对于中国人民和文化的统一起到了重要的作用。即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用文字交流。
书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。现代的人们可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。人们对中国文字系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中体现出来，即中国书法，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
今天，中国的书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
base
vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础
[应试方向] 过去分词句式功能的考查
[教材P10] It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.比起现在我们说的(英语)它更大程度上是以德语为基础的。
base A on B 把A建立在B的基础上
(sth.) be based on... 以……为基础
on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上
basic adj.基本的；基础的(做表语)
basically adv.基本上
[名师微语] 在作状语表示“基于……为背景(考虑)”时，常用的结构为：“based on...”；在作定语时表示“基于……的事物”时，也常用过去分词作后置定语，如：theory based on facts 基于事实的理论。
A．语法填空
①__________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
[答案] Basing
②__________ (base) on my own opinion，this one is far better than that one.
[答案] Based
③Though he has some shortcomings, He is __________(base) a nice person.
[答案] basically
④(2014·湖南卷)Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with__________(base) writing skills.
[答案] basic
B．完成句子
⑤(2015·郑州一模)After all，the doctor patient relationship ______________trust，and therefore honesty is essential.毕竟，医患关系是以信任为基础的，因此诚信是至关重要的。
[答案] is based on
symbol
辨析比较 signal, mark, sign与 symbol
signal
意为“信号”，常指为某一目的而发出的信号
mark
意为“标志，标记”，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某物上用于辨别该物品的标志，比sign更侧重于区别性或揭示性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显
sign
意为“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号，也可指具体的用于识别或指示的标志，如指示牌、卡片等。也作“征兆，迹象”讲
symbol
意为“象征，符号”，常指被人们选出的物体或图案用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征
variety
【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, ... 你可能因多种情况受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽......
【点拨】variety n. 不同种类，多种式样；多样化，综艺节目
常用短语：a variety of 多种的，各种各样的
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。
I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。
There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.
她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。
【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的
vary v. 使多样化，(使)变化，不同
major
用法详解
(1)adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语)
The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.目前的主要问题是如何克服所有的困难。
A major earthquake happened in Japan on March 11, 2011.
2011年3月11日,日本发生了大地震。
(2)n.[C]主修课程;专业课vi.主修
搭配: major in主修
The student, majoring in economics at college, made a comment on the matter.
那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事做了评论。
She majors in management. That is, her major is management.
她主修管理学。也就是说,她的专业课是管理学。
mean
【点拨】mean adj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的
be mean with sth. 在某方面吝啬
He is very mean with his money. 他在金钱方面很吝啬。
That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段。
v. 意欲，打算；意味着
mean to do sth 打算做某事
I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)要努力学习。
be meant for 注定要成为
I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的材料。
appreciate
appreciate doing...感激做……
I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激
appreciation n.欣赏；感激
in appreciation of欣赏；感激
I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand.
如果你能帮我我将不胜感激。
And I’ll appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.
如果你能早点回信我将非常感激。
Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。(2010·重庆·书面表达)
特别提醒
(1)appreciate后接v.ing形式。
(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。
(3)其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)I don’t appreciate being treated (treat) like a secondclass citizen.
(2)He expressed his appreciation (appreciate) for what she had done.
其他单词
native
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.即便不说同一种英语,这些以英语为母语的人也能明白彼此。
用法详解
(1)adj.
①出生地的,祖国的
②(+to)本土的,本国的,(某地)土生的
(2)n.[C](+of)本地人,本国人,(某地)原有的动/植物
归纳拓展
go native入乡随俗;同化
经典例句
The kangaroo is native of Australia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。
He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native.
他在美国居住多年,已完全适应了当地人的生活方式。
As a third-generation native of Brownsville Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away作为得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔地区第三代土生土长的人,米尔德里德·加尔萨从来没有计划过离开此地。
Point 6
例单句语法填空
(1)The banana is native __________ Taiwan.
(2)We should have gone __________(natively)when living with the local people but we ignored.
(3) When we're on holiday in Canada, we live like the __________ (native).
(4)The panda is a native __________ China.
答(1)to句意:香蕉原产于台湾。考查介词。 be native to.原产于……
(2)native句意:跟当地人住在一起的时候,我们本应该入乡随俗, 但我们忽略了这一点。 go native为固定搭配,表示“(移民、访客等)入乡随俗”。
(3) natives句意:我们在加拿大度假时,就像当地人那样生活。 native做名词时为可数名词,意为“当地人”,根据句意可知此处应该用复数。
(4)of
attitude
例句： An attitude is what person thinks about something.态度是一个人对某事的看法。
用法详解
attitude.[C]态度,看法。 attitude前常用good, bad, positive, negative等形容词修饰。
an attitude to/toward(s)对…的态度/看法
常见搭配:
have/show/an... attitude to/toward(s).对…持…态度
take a/an attitude to/toward(s)对……采取…态度
an attitude of mind心态问题
What' s your attitude to/toward(s) this idea? 你对这种想法持什么态度?
He took friendly attitude toward(s) us.他对我们采取了友善的态度。
He shows very positive attitude to his work.他的工作态度非常积极。
Being rich or poor is simply an attitude of mind.贫富仅仅是心态问题。
归纳拓展
attitude容易和 altitude (n.海拔,高度) 混淆,其他以后级-itude结尾的词还有:
latitude (n.纬度) longitude (n.经度) multitude (n.大量;群众)
例1.单句语法填空
(2019·安徽师大附中高一上期末)Only when you take a positive attitude __________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
2.单句写作
(1)How to face failure in exams is ______________________________(心态问题)
(2)I dislike him because he always ______________________________(对……有不好的态度) the people around him.
(3)It's time ______________________________(你改变对女性的态度) now, Tom; they hold up half the sky, you know.
答案：1.to/towards
2. (1)an attitude of mind
(2)has a bad attitude to/towards
(3) you changed your attitude to/ towards women
refer to
If the word group refers to different members, use plural verb.如果“group”这个单词指不同的成员,谓语动词用复数。
用法详解
refer to中的to是介词,后可接名词、代词或动名词。常见含义:
(1)提到;谈及;说起
I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这件事了。
(2)查阅;参考
Please refer to the last page of the book.
请查阅书的最后一页。
(3)涉及;与…相关
These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year这段说的是去年发生的事。
特别提醒
①注 refer意的过去式和过去分词,要双写r,再加-ed,即 refer—referred—referred。
② refer to和 look up都可以表示“查阅”,但二者是有区别的: refer to后接所查的工具书或资料,如词典、笔记、参考书等 look up后接word, phrase等需要查找的对象。
Point 4
单句语法填空
(1)(2016·河北唐山期中)It was foolish of him to ________ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
(2)(2016·湖北八校第二次联考) In my class, there is a really weak-looking guy. I don't actually know if his name is Vit or Wit. I will refer to him ________ Wit in this story of mine.
【答案解析】
(1)refer to句意:他在那次重要的考试中查阅笔记真是太愚蠢了,结果他受到了惩罚。 refer to意为“查阅;参考”,符合语境。
(2)as句意:在我的班里,有个长相很不好的人,实际上我不知道他的名字是维特还是威特。在我这个故事里我将把他称为威特。 refer to…as…意为“称……为……”。
system
教材P25 In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.在我们的太阳系中,有八个行星围绕太阳运转。
用法详解
system n.[C](器官)系统,身体;体系,制度;系统。常见搭配:
the solar system太阳系
the immune system免疫系统
global positioning system(GPS)全球定位系统
the economic system经济制度
get sth. out of one's system宣泄,消解(强烈的感情或欲望)
I was angry, so I went for a run to get it out of my system.
我生气了, 所以我去跑步来消消气
归纳拓展
systematic adj.系统的;有条理的 unsystematic adj.乱的,杂乱无章的
Point 1
单句写作
(1)Taking a walk in the morning is good for ___________________________(我们的身体)
(2)I usually watch football matches to get the troubles in my work __________________ (宣泄)
(3)The way they've collected their data is not very __________________(有条理的).
【答案解析】
(1)our systems 句意:早晨散步有益于我们的身体。
(2)out of my system 句意:我通常观看足球赛来消解我工作中的烦恼。
(3)systematic 句意:他们收集资料的方法不是很有条理。
despite
1.单句改错
(1) Despite apply for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
______________________________
[答案]apply→applying
单句语法填空
(1)(2014·江西卷改编) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great __________ (wealthy)
【答案解析】
(1)wealth句意:真是难以相信啊,尽管卢卡斯先生很富有,但他还是过着简朴的生活。
单句写作(结合同源宾语的用法完成句子)
(1)让人难以置信的是,尽管卢卡斯先生很富有,但他过着简朴的生活。
It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas is ______________________________ despite his great wealth.
【答案】
(1)leading/living a simple life
date back to...
= date from... 追溯到……，从……时候开始就有了
[典例]
The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。
[短语归纳]
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语或所给词的适当形式。
(1). The custom ________ ________ hundreds of years.
(2). Our friendship________ ________ ________ the late 70s.
(3). This is a law ________ (date) from the 17th century.
Keys: (1). dates back (2). dates back to (3). Dating
bone
Our dog likes to bury his bones.我们的狗喜欢埋藏骨头。
When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.当科学家们观察它们的骨头时,他们惊奇地发现它们不仅能像其他恐龙一样可以跑而且还可以爬树。
(2014·山东卷) Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.
除了给这个地区的所有婴儿接生以外,夏洛特还给那些四肢受伤的人们做手术,给那些断骨的人们接骨复位。
Our school’s offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone was a moving act.
我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。
On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with bones”on them.在这个重要的节日里,人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕
dialect
When people use words and expressions different from the‘standard language’, it is called a dialect.人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时,那种语言就被称为方言。
Geography also plays part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。
Jack changed lot, and spoke a southern dialect, but I finally recognized him.杰克变化很大,并且讲南方方言,但我最终还是认出了他。
regard
regard…as… 表“把看作作……”
其近义表达有:
treat...as....
think of...as...
look on...as...
consider...as...
take...as…
【拓展】
regardless of不管；不顾
[典例]
1). I’ ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。
2). He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’ s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。
[练习] 翻译下面的句子。
1). 他不顾危险，跳进河里救那个溺水的小孩。
____________________________________________________________________________
2). 不管天气怎样，我都会去。
____________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). He jumped into the river to save the little drowning boy the danger.
2). I will go regardless of the weather.
character
Childhood experiences play a great part in shaping one's character.
童年经历在塑造人的性格方面起重要作用。
He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”角色开始闻名于世,而查理也变得越来越受欢迎。
In general, everyone has his own unique character.
一般来说,每个人都有自己独特的个性。
He can quickly assess person's character.他能很快评定出一个人的品质。
affair
Don' t concern yourself with other people's affairs.干涉他人的事。
He is a person who is concerned with state affairs.他是一个关心国家大事的人。
He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on current affairs.他是一个直言不讳的人,喜欢评论时事。
辨析比较 event/ accident/ matter/ affair
易混词
区别
event
重要事情;比赛项目。
The foundation of the PRC was a great event of 1949.
中华人民共和国的成立是1949年的重大事件。
accident
强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
每七起交通事故就有一起是驾驶员困倦造成的。
matter
着重指需要考虑的或需要处理的事情。
They have important matters to talk about.他们有重要的事情要谈。
affair
公共事务,政治事务(多用复数形式);个人的事。
The minister is busy with state affairs部长忙于处理国务。
specific
【原句回放】...based on general ideas rather than specific examples.(教材P4)……根据大体的想法而不是具体的事例。
【点拨】specific adj.确切的；特定的；特效的；特有的
The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.比尔的问题是他从未有过明确的人生目标。
There is no specific remedy for the malady. 没有医治这种病的特效药。
【拓展】to be specific 说得明确些；具体地说
be specific to 对……是特有的
specifically adv.确切地；具体地；特别地
To be specific，he is 54 years old，though he looks much younger.具体地说，他已经54岁了，尽管看起来很年轻。
As far as I know，the animal is specific to this area.
据我所知，这种动物是这个地区特有的。
注意区别：specific/special
specific
着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。强调“特定的；具体的”。注意：specific意为“特定的；具体的”时常用于名词前作定语
special
普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。强调“与众不同的；特殊的”，既可作定语，又可作表语。
A special hospital has been set up to treat patients suffering a specific disease.
为了治疗患一种特定疾病的病人建了一个特殊医院。
struggle
Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确,他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体,就跟其他千百万中国农民一样为了他们,他在过去五十年里一直在拼搏奋斗着。
用法详解
(1)v.奋斗,努力,争取;挣扎脱身,搏斗;斗争,抗争。常见搭配:
struggle for sth.努力争取…
struggle to do sth.努力/争取做
struggle with sb./sth.与……斗争
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
struggle against sb./sth.与……抗争与……斗争
Her mother has been struggling against her illness for many years.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了许多年。
She's struggling to bring up family on a very low income.
她以微薄的收入艰难地养活一家人。
(2)n.斗争;奋斗;努力。常见搭配:
for sth. 支持某事的斗争
struggle against sth. 反对某事的斗争
between A and B A与B之间的斗争
The organization will carry on a struggle against hunger.
该组织将继续开展反饥饿的斗争。
It is a struggle between good and evil.那是一场善恶之争。
活学考例
(2015·陕西卷) Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.鲁宾孙暗示这可能是因为父母自己在努力理解孩子们的功课。
He struggled to control the expression on his face.(人教⑩5)
他竭力控制自己的面部表情。
(2012·北京卷) There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival.有更多的人,他们有理由也有权利想要更好的生活,而不是仅仅为生存而挣扎。
We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.(译林①—1)上某些课的时候班上的学生也不一样,所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。
Point 3
单句语法填空
(1)(2016·浙江绍兴一中期末) His best works describe a person's struggle __________ survival
against the powerful forces of nature.
(2)(2016·山东实验中学诊断性考试) If you are reading this and you struggle __________ your weight or your appearance, please recognize that you are beautiful and special in your own way.
(3)(2016·湖南益阳模拟) ______________(struggle) for our dreams, as the principal addressed at the graduation ceremony, offers us a sense of belonging.
(4)Dina, ___________________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
(5)Knocked down by a bike, he was badly hurt and had to struggle __________ his feet
(6)We had to struggle __________ strong winds all the way home.
(7)The brave volunteers are struggling __________ the happiness of the poor.
(8)(2013·新课标全国卷改编) India attained independence in 1947,after _________long struggle.
【答案解析】
(1)for句意:他最好的作品描述了为了生存而对抗强大的自然力的一个人的斗争。 struggle for争取……，为……而斗争
(2)with/against struggle with/against和…做斗争。
(3)Struggling 句意:正如校长在毕业典礼上指出的那样，为实现我们的梦想而奋斗，为我们提供了一种归属感。
(4)having struggled (5) to (6)against (7)for (8)a
gas
Dad stepped on the gas and the car sped up to 100 kph.
爸爸一踩油门,车速提至每小时100千米。
gas that hot water gives out.热水散发出的气体。
petrol
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn't start.发动机缺油,发动不起来。
At present there is no petrol. so it's very difficult to transport goods.
目前没有汽油,因此很难运输货物。
beg
教材P38 All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.在此期间,我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃,并乞求帮助。
用法详解
(1)v.乞求,请求
常见搭配:
beg for..请求…
beg sb. for sth.向某人请求…
beg sth. (from sb.)(向某人)请求
beg (sb.) (not) to do sth.请求(某人)(不要)做…
beg that..请求…(从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用 should+动词原形, should可以省略)
beg one's pardon请某人原谅;请再说一遍
They begged him for help.(= They begged help from him.)他们向他求助。
She begged him to stay at home.她恳求他待在家里。
The child begged to play with him.那个孩子恳求和他一起玩。
She begged that she be allowed to go.她请求让她离开。
(2)v.乞讨,行乞
常见搭配:
beg for sth.( from sb.)(向某人)乞讨
beg sth.( from sb.)(向某人)乞讨…
The children were begging for food from passers-by.那些孩子在向路人讨饭。
We managed to beg some water from her.我们设法从她那儿讨了一些水。
Point 3
例1.单句写作
(1)The young man ________________________(恳求加入) our club.
(2)He ________________________________(恳求我说服) his father to give up smoking.
(3)The mother begged that ________________________________________(士兵从…中解救她的儿子) the ruins after the earthquake.
2.单句语法填空
(1)(2019·成都实验中学高一上期末)One day, as I ___________________ (walk) through a local market, ten- year-old boy came over and begged me ________________ (buy) a book.
(2)Sorry, I beg ________________ (differ) with you on this matter.
答1.(1)begged to join(2)begged me to persuade (3)the soldiers (should) rescue her son from
2. (1) was walking; to buy (2)to differ
equal
教材P34 But was happy to help because knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但我乐于帮忙,因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人与白人平等的梦想。
用法详解
(1)adj.(地位、权利等)平等的,同等的;(大小数量、价值等)相等的;(能力、勇气等)能应付的,能胜任的
常见搭配:
be equal to…与…相等；能应付/胜任…
be equal in sth.在某方面相等
Bill is equal to the challenge.比尔有能力应付这一挑战。
Not all men are equal in ability人的能力并不都是一样的
要点提示
be equal to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing做宾语。
(2)vt.等于,和……相等;比得上
常见搭配:
A equals B in… A在方面比得上B
Four plus four equals eight.四加四等于八。
No one equals him in strength.论力气,无人能和他相比。
(3)n.相等的事物;同等的人
常见搭配: be without equal/have no equal无与伦比,无敌
None could be his equal at telling stories事人能比得上他。
He is player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
equally adv.平等地,同样地
equality n.平等,同等
unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
Point 14
例单句语法填空
(1)(2019·哈尔滨部分高中高一联考) She is very weak and not equal _________making a long journey.
(2)(2019·孝感五校期中)Yes, they remind me of another hero who helped the black people to fight against the white people to make black and white people _________ (equality).
(3)(2019·枣庄期中) Divide the cake into quarters and share it _________ (equal).
(4)I don't think he is equal to _________(do)this kind of work, so I can't hire him.
答案
(1)to句意:她身体很差,不堪长途旅行。考查介词。 be equal to.能胜任…;能对付…
(2)equal句意:是的,他们使我想起另一位帮助黑人对抗白人以使黑人与白人实现平等的英雄。make+名词+形容词,形容词做宾语补足语。
(3)equally句意:把蛋糕分成四份,然后平均分享。考查副词。设空处修饰动词 share,故用副词。 equally平等地;相等地。
(4)doing be equal to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式。
demand
教材P26 It was dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.这事有些为难,因为如果我们错了,这个足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。
用法详解
demand vt.&n.
(1)v.强烈要求
demand sth. of sb.向某人要某物
demand to do sth.要求去做某事
demand+that-clause [主语+(should)do.]要求……
It is demand+that… [主语+(should)do…]要求……
She demanded too high a price of me. I have asked some experts to assess the value of her house before.
她向我要价太高,之前我已经让一些专家评估了她房子的价值。
He demanded to be told everything.=He demanded that he (should) be told everything.
他要求将一切都告诉他。
It is demanded that take the place of him to arrange the meeting.
我被要求代替他筹备会议。
(2)n.需求;要求
搭配
satisfy/meet one's demands满足某人的要求
in great demand需求量大
It is our demand that she should go there.
她到那里去是我们的要求。
We rely on new sources of energy to meet the demands.
我们依靠新能源来满足需要。
It was an unusually hot summer and air-conditioners were in great demand.
那年夏天非常热,空调需求量很大。
But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.但是对专业医疗(服务)人员的需求也会增加。
易错警示
☆当表示“请求;要求”的demand, require, request等词或其名词形式后接名词性从句时,从句均应使用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
He made the demand that he (should) be informed of the change of the plan as soon as possible.
他要求尽快被告知计划的变更情况。
His requirement was that the system(should)work.
他的要求是该系统要发挥作用。
The boss requested that all applications (should) be submitted by Monday.
老板要求所有申请必须在周一前递交。
(be) related to
教材P12 Over 56 percent of the people in small Southeast Asian country are in jobs related to agriculture.在一个东南亚小国,56%以上的人都从事与农业相关的工作。
用法详解
(1)与……有关
Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
(2)与…有亲属关系
My mother might be related to him.我母亲可能与他有亲属关系。
归纳拓展
① relate.联系
relate…to… ……联系起来
relate to sb./sth. 涉及,与……相关
② relation.联系,关系;亲属
have relation with与……有联系
in relation to与……有关;关于;与……相比
Point 2
1.单句写作
(1)The theme of the dialogue should __________________ (与…相关) the theme of the passage.
(2)Please __________ the result __________(把……与…联系起来) its cause.
2.用 relate的适当形式填空
(1) You must write down all the information __________ to the problem.
(2)I have some comments to make in __________ to this matter.
【答案解析】
1. (1)be related to/ relate to
句意:对话的主题应和文章的主题相关联。
(2)relate; to句意:请把结果和它的原因联系起来。
新必修一unit5
课文
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:
CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221- -207 BCE).
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
中文书写系统:
连接过去和现在
中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名，尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。这是可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的文字系统。
最初，书面中文是一种以图画为基础的语言。它可以追溯到几千年前的龙鼓使用-动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号的古代中国人。在今天的汉字中还可以看到一些古代的符号。
到了商朝(约公元前1600-1046年)，这些符号已经成为一种非常发达的书写系统。随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为那时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多不同的方言和汉字。然而，这种情况在秦朝(公元前221年-公元前207年)的秦始皇时期发生了改变。
秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。这种书写系统对于中国人民和文化的统一起到了重要的作用。即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用文字交流。
书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。现代的人们可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。人们对中国文字系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中体现出来，即中国书法，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
今天，中国的书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。
base
vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础
[应试方向] 过去分词句式功能的考查
[教材P10] It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.比起现在我们说的(英语)它更大程度上是以德语为基础的。
base A on B 把A建立在B的基础上
(sth.) be based on... 以……为基础
on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上
basic adj.基本的；基础的(做表语)
basically adv.基本上
[名师微语] 在作状语表示“基于……为背景(考虑)”时，常用的结构为：“based on...”；在作定语时表示“基于……的事物”时，也常用过去分词作后置定语，如：theory based on facts 基于事实的理论。
A．语法填空
①__________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
[答案] Basing
②__________ (base) on my own opinion，this one is far better than that one.
[答案] Based
③Though he has some shortcomings, He is __________(base) a nice person.
[答案] basically
④(2014·湖南卷)Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with__________(base) writing skills.
[答案] basic
B．完成句子
⑤(2015·郑州一模)After all，the doctor patient relationship ______________trust，and therefore honesty is essential.毕竟，医患关系是以信任为基础的，因此诚信是至关重要的。
[答案] is based on
symbol
辨析比较 signal, mark, sign与 symbol
signal
意为“信号”，常指为某一目的而发出的信号
mark
意为“标志，标记”，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某物上用于辨别该物品的标志，比sign更侧重于区别性或揭示性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显
sign
意为“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号，也可指具体的用于识别或指示的标志，如指示牌、卡片等。也作“征兆，迹象”讲
symbol
意为“象征，符号”，常指被人们选出的物体或图案用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征
variety
【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, ... 你可能因多种情况受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽......
【点拨】variety n. 不同种类，多种式样；多样化，综艺节目
常用短语：a variety of 多种的，各种各样的
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。
I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。
There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.
她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。
【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的
vary v. 使多样化，(使)变化，不同
major
用法详解
(1)adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语)
The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.目前的主要问题是如何克服所有的困难。
A major earthquake happened in Japan on March 11, 2011.
2011年3月11日,日本发生了大地震。
(2)n.[C]主修课程;专业课vi.主修
搭配: major in主修
The student, majoring in economics at college, made a comment on the matter.
那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事做了评论。
She majors in management. That is, her major is management.
她主修管理学。也就是说,她的专业课是管理学。
mean
【点拨】mean adj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的
be mean with sth. 在某方面吝啬
He is very mean with his money. 他在金钱方面很吝啬。
That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段。
v. 意欲，打算；意味着
mean to do sth 打算做某事
I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)要努力学习。
be meant for 注定要成为
I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的材料。
appreciate
appreciate doing...感激做……
I would appreciate it if...假如……我将不胜感激
appreciation n.欣赏；感激
in appreciation of欣赏；感激
I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand.
如果你能帮我我将不胜感激。
And I’ll appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.
如果你能早点回信我将非常感激。
Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。(2010·重庆·书面表达)
特别提醒
(1)appreciate后接v.ing形式。
(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。
(3)其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，需先接it，再接从句。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)I don’t appreciate being treated (treat) like a secondclass citizen.
(2)He expressed his appreciation (appreciate) for what she had done.
其他单词
native
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.即便不说同一种英语,这些以英语为母语的人也能明白彼此。
用法详解
(1)adj.
①出生地的,祖国的
②(+to)本土的,本国的,(某地)土生的
(2)n.[C](+of)本地人,本国人,(某地)原有的动/植物
归纳拓展
go native入乡随俗;同化
经典例句
The kangaroo is native of Australia.袋鼠是澳大利亚的一种土生动物。
He has lived in the USA for many years and gone completely native.
他在美国居住多年,已完全适应了当地人的生活方式。
As a third-generation native of Brownsville Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away作为得克萨斯州布朗斯维尔地区第三代土生土长的人,米尔德里德·加尔萨从来没有计划过离开此地。
Point 6
例单句语法填空
(1)The banana is native __________ Taiwan.
(2)We should have gone __________(natively)when living with the local people but we ignored.
(3) When we're on holiday in Canada, we live like the __________ (native).
(4)The panda is a native __________ China.
答(1)to句意:香蕉原产于台湾。考查介词。 be native to.原产于……
(2)native句意:跟当地人住在一起的时候,我们本应该入乡随俗, 但我们忽略了这一点。 go native为固定搭配,表示“(移民、访客等)入乡随俗”。
(3) natives句意:我们在加拿大度假时,就像当地人那样生活。 native做名词时为可数名词,意为“当地人”,根据句意可知此处应该用复数。
(4)of
attitude
例句： An attitude is what person thinks about something.态度是一个人对某事的看法。
用法详解
attitude.[C]态度,看法。 attitude前常用good, bad, positive, negative等形容词修饰。
an attitude to/toward(s)对…的态度/看法
常见搭配:
have/show/an... attitude to/toward(s).对…持…态度
take a/an attitude to/toward(s)对……采取…态度
an attitude of mind心态问题
What' s your attitude to/toward(s) this idea? 你对这种想法持什么态度?
He took friendly attitude toward(s) us.他对我们采取了友善的态度。
He shows very positive attitude to his work.他的工作态度非常积极。
Being rich or poor is simply an attitude of mind.贫富仅仅是心态问题。
归纳拓展
attitude容易和 altitude (n.海拔,高度) 混淆,其他以后级-itude结尾的词还有:
latitude (n.纬度) longitude (n.经度) multitude (n.大量;群众)
例1.单句语法填空
(2019·安徽师大附中高一上期末)Only when you take a positive attitude __________ the project will you enjoy the whole process.
2.单句写作
(1)How to face failure in exams is ______________________________(心态问题)
(2)I dislike him because he always ______________________________(对……有不好的态度) the people around him.
(3)It's time ______________________________(你改变对女性的态度) now, Tom; they hold up half the sky, you know.
答案：1.to/towards
2. (1)an attitude of mind
(2)has a bad attitude to/towards
(3) you changed your attitude to/ towards women
refer to
If the word group refers to different members, use plural verb.如果“group”这个单词指不同的成员,谓语动词用复数。
用法详解
refer to中的to是介词,后可接名词、代词或动名词。常见含义:
(1)提到;谈及;说起
I promised not to refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这件事了。
(2)查阅;参考
Please refer to the last page of the book.
请查阅书的最后一页。
(3)涉及;与…相关
These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year这段说的是去年发生的事。
特别提醒
①注 refer意的过去式和过去分词,要双写r,再加-ed,即 refer—referred—referred。
② refer to和 look up都可以表示“查阅”,但二者是有区别的: refer to后接所查的工具书或资料,如词典、笔记、参考书等 look up后接word, phrase等需要查找的对象。
Point 4
单句语法填空
(1)(2016·河北唐山期中)It was foolish of him to ________ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
(2)(2016·湖北八校第二次联考) In my class, there is a really weak-looking guy. I don't actually know if his name is Vit or Wit. I will refer to him ________ Wit in this story of mine.
【答案解析】
(1)refer to句意:他在那次重要的考试中查阅笔记真是太愚蠢了,结果他受到了惩罚。 refer to意为“查阅;参考”,符合语境。
(2)as句意:在我的班里,有个长相很不好的人,实际上我不知道他的名字是维特还是威特。在我这个故事里我将把他称为威特。 refer to…as…意为“称……为……”。
system
教材P25 In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.在我们的太阳系中,有八个行星围绕太阳运转。
用法详解
system n.[C](器官)系统,身体;体系,制度;系统。常见搭配:
the solar system太阳系
the immune system免疫系统
global positioning system(GPS)全球定位系统
the economic system经济制度
get sth. out of one's system宣泄,消解(强烈的感情或欲望)
I was angry, so I went for a run to get it out of my system.
我生气了, 所以我去跑步来消消气
归纳拓展
systematic adj.系统的;有条理的 unsystematic adj.乱的,杂乱无章的
Point 1
单句写作
(1)Taking a walk in the morning is good for ___________________________(我们的身体)
(2)I usually watch football matches to get the troubles in my work __________________ (宣泄)
(3)The way they've collected their data is not very __________________(有条理的).
【答案解析】
(1)our systems 句意:早晨散步有益于我们的身体。
(2)out of my system 句意:我通常观看足球赛来消解我工作中的烦恼。
(3)systematic 句意:他们收集资料的方法不是很有条理。
despite
1.单句改错
(1) Despite apply for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
______________________________
[答案]apply→applying
单句语法填空
(1)(2014·江西卷改编) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great __________ (wealthy)
【答案解析】
(1)wealth句意:真是难以相信啊,尽管卢卡斯先生很富有,但他还是过着简朴的生活。
单句写作(结合同源宾语的用法完成句子)
(1)让人难以置信的是,尽管卢卡斯先生很富有,但他过着简朴的生活。
It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas is ______________________________ despite his great wealth.
【答案】
(1)leading/living a simple life
date back to...
= date from... 追溯到……，从……时候开始就有了
[典例]
The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。
[短语归纳]
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入短语或所给词的适当形式。
(1). The custom ________ ________ hundreds of years.
(2). Our friendship________ ________ ________ the late 70s.
(3). This is a law ________ (date) from the 17th century.
Keys: (1). dates back (2). dates back to (3). Dating
bone
Our dog likes to bury his bones.我们的狗喜欢埋藏骨头。
When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.当科学家们观察它们的骨头时,他们惊奇地发现它们不仅能像其他恐龙一样可以跑而且还可以爬树。
(2014·山东卷) Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.
除了给这个地区的所有婴儿接生以外,夏洛特还给那些四肢受伤的人们做手术,给那些断骨的人们接骨复位。
Our school’s offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone was a moving act.
我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。
On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with bones”on them.在这个重要的节日里,人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕
dialect
When people use words and expressions different from the‘standard language’, it is called a dialect.人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时,那种语言就被称为方言。
Geography also plays part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。
Jack changed lot, and spoke a southern dialect, but I finally recognized him.杰克变化很大,并且讲南方方言,但我最终还是认出了他。
regard
regard…as… 表“把看作作……”
其近义表达有:
treat...as....
think of...as...
look on...as...
consider...as...
take...as…
【拓展】
regardless of不管；不顾
[典例]
1). I’ ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。
2). He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’ s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。
[练习] 翻译下面的句子。
1). 他不顾危险，跳进河里救那个溺水的小孩。
____________________________________________________________________________
2). 不管天气怎样，我都会去。
____________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). He jumped into the river to save the little drowning boy the danger.
2). I will go regardless of the weather.
character
Childhood experiences play a great part in shaping one's character.
童年经历在塑造人的性格方面起重要作用。
He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.他塑造的可爱的“小流浪汉”角色开始闻名于世,而查理也变得越来越受欢迎。
In general, everyone has his own unique character.
一般来说,每个人都有自己独特的个性。
He can quickly assess person's character.他能很快评定出一个人的品质。
affair
Don' t concern yourself with other people's affairs.干涉他人的事。
He is a person who is concerned with state affairs.他是一个关心国家大事的人。
He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on current affairs.他是一个直言不讳的人,喜欢评论时事。
辨析比较 event/ accident/ matter/ affair
易混词
区别
event
重要事情;比赛项目。
The foundation of the PRC was a great event of 1949.
中华人民共和国的成立是1949年的重大事件。
accident
强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
每七起交通事故就有一起是驾驶员困倦造成的。
matter
着重指需要考虑的或需要处理的事情。
They have important matters to talk about.他们有重要的事情要谈。
affair
公共事务,政治事务(多用复数形式);个人的事。
The minister is busy with state affairs部长忙于处理国务。
specific
【原句回放】...based on general ideas rather than specific examples.(教材P4)……根据大体的想法而不是具体的事例。
【点拨】specific adj.确切的；特定的；特效的；特有的
The trouble with Bill was that he never had a specific aim in life.比尔的问题是他从未有过明确的人生目标。
There is no specific remedy for the malady. 没有医治这种病的特效药。
【拓展】to be specific 说得明确些；具体地说
be specific to 对……是特有的
specifically adv.确切地；具体地；特别地
To be specific，he is 54 years old，though he looks much younger.具体地说，他已经54岁了，尽管看起来很年轻。
As far as I know，the animal is specific to this area.
据我所知，这种动物是这个地区特有的。
注意区别：specific/special
specific
着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。强调“特定的；具体的”。注意：specific意为“特定的；具体的”时常用于名词前作定语
special
普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。强调“与众不同的；特殊的”，既可作定语，又可作表语。
A special hospital has been set up to treat patients suffering a specific disease.
为了治疗患一种特定疾病的病人建了一个特殊医院。
struggle
Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确,他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体,就跟其他千百万中国农民一样为了他们,他在过去五十年里一直在拼搏奋斗着。
用法详解
(1)v.奋斗,努力,争取;挣扎脱身,搏斗;斗争,抗争。常见搭配:
struggle for sth.努力争取…
struggle to do sth.努力/争取做
struggle with sb./sth.与……斗争
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
struggle against sb./sth.与……抗争与……斗争
Her mother has been struggling against her illness for many years.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了许多年。
She's struggling to bring up family on a very low income.
她以微薄的收入艰难地养活一家人。
(2)n.斗争;奋斗;努力。常见搭配:
for sth. 支持某事的斗争
struggle against sth. 反对某事的斗争
between A and B A与B之间的斗争
The organization will carry on a struggle against hunger.
该组织将继续开展反饥饿的斗争。
It is a struggle between good and evil.那是一场善恶之争。
活学考例
(2015·陕西卷) Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.鲁宾孙暗示这可能是因为父母自己在努力理解孩子们的功课。
He struggled to control the expression on his face.(人教⑩5)
他竭力控制自己的面部表情。
(2012·北京卷) There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival.有更多的人,他们有理由也有权利想要更好的生活,而不是仅仅为生存而挣扎。
We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.(译林①—1)上某些课的时候班上的学生也不一样,所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。
Point 3
单句语法填空
(1)(2016·浙江绍兴一中期末) His best works describe a person's struggle __________ survival
against the powerful forces of nature.
(2)(2016·山东实验中学诊断性考试) If you are reading this and you struggle __________ your weight or your appearance, please recognize that you are beautiful and special in your own way.
(3)(2016·湖南益阳模拟) ______________(struggle) for our dreams, as the principal addressed at the graduation ceremony, offers us a sense of belonging.
(4)Dina, ___________________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
(5)Knocked down by a bike, he was badly hurt and had to struggle __________ his feet
(6)We had to struggle __________ strong winds all the way home.
(7)The brave volunteers are struggling __________ the happiness of the poor.
(8)(2013·新课标全国卷改编) India attained independence in 1947,after _________long struggle.
【答案解析】
(1)for句意:他最好的作品描述了为了生存而对抗强大的自然力的一个人的斗争。 struggle for争取……，为……而斗争
(2)with/against struggle with/against和…做斗争。
(3)Struggling 句意:正如校长在毕业典礼上指出的那样，为实现我们的梦想而奋斗，为我们提供了一种归属感。
(4)having struggled (5) to (6)against (7)for (8)a
gas
Dad stepped on the gas and the car sped up to 100 kph.
爸爸一踩油门,车速提至每小时100千米。
gas that hot water gives out.热水散发出的气体。
petrol
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn't start.发动机缺油,发动不起来。
At present there is no petrol. so it's very difficult to transport goods.
目前没有汽油,因此很难运输货物。
beg
教材P38 All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.在此期间,我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃,并乞求帮助。
用法详解
(1)v.乞求,请求
常见搭配:
beg for..请求…
beg sb. for sth.向某人请求…
beg sth. (from sb.)(向某人)请求
beg (sb.) (not) to do sth.请求(某人)(不要)做…
beg that..请求…(从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用 should+动词原形, should可以省略)
beg one's pardon请某人原谅;请再说一遍
They begged him for help.(= They begged help from him.)他们向他求助。
She begged him to stay at home.她恳求他待在家里。
The child begged to play with him.那个孩子恳求和他一起玩。
She begged that she be allowed to go.她请求让她离开。
(2)v.乞讨,行乞
常见搭配:
beg for sth.( from sb.)(向某人)乞讨
beg sth.( from sb.)(向某人)乞讨…
The children were begging for food from passers-by.那些孩子在向路人讨饭。
We managed to beg some water from her.我们设法从她那儿讨了一些水。
Point 3
例1.单句写作
(1)The young man ________________________(恳求加入) our club.
(2)He ________________________________(恳求我说服) his father to give up smoking.
(3)The mother begged that ________________________________________(士兵从…中解救她的儿子) the ruins after the earthquake.
2.单句语法填空
(1)(2019·成都实验中学高一上期末)One day, as I ___________________ (walk) through a local market, ten- year-old boy came over and begged me ________________ (buy) a book.
(2)Sorry, I beg ________________ (differ) with you on this matter.
答1.(1)begged to join(2)begged me to persuade (3)the soldiers (should) rescue her son from
2. (1) was walking; to buy (2)to differ
equal
教材P34 But was happy to help because knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但我乐于帮忙,因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人与白人平等的梦想。
用法详解
(1)adj.(地位、权利等)平等的,同等的;(大小数量、价值等)相等的;(能力、勇气等)能应付的,能胜任的
常见搭配:
be equal to…与…相等；能应付/胜任…
be equal in sth.在某方面相等
Bill is equal to the challenge.比尔有能力应付这一挑战。
Not all men are equal in ability人的能力并不都是一样的
要点提示
be equal to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing做宾语。
(2)vt.等于,和……相等;比得上
常见搭配:
A equals B in… A在方面比得上B
Four plus four equals eight.四加四等于八。
No one equals him in strength.论力气,无人能和他相比。
(3)n.相等的事物;同等的人
常见搭配: be without equal/have no equal无与伦比,无敌
None could be his equal at telling stories事人能比得上他。
He is player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
equally adv.平等地,同样地
equality n.平等,同等
unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
Point 14
例单句语法填空
(1)(2019·哈尔滨部分高中高一联考) She is very weak and not equal _________making a long journey.
(2)(2019·孝感五校期中)Yes, they remind me of another hero who helped the black people to fight against the white people to make black and white people _________ (equality).
(3)(2019·枣庄期中) Divide the cake into quarters and share it _________ (equal).
(4)I don't think he is equal to _________(do)this kind of work, so I can't hire him.
答案
(1)to句意:她身体很差,不堪长途旅行。考查介词。 be equal to.能胜任…;能对付…
(2)equal句意:是的,他们使我想起另一位帮助黑人对抗白人以使黑人与白人实现平等的英雄。make+名词+形容词,形容词做宾语补足语。
(3)equally句意:把蛋糕分成四份,然后平均分享。考查副词。设空处修饰动词 share,故用副词。 equally平等地;相等地。
(4)doing be equal to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式。
demand
教材P26 It was dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.这事有些为难,因为如果我们错了,这个足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。
用法详解
demand vt.&n.
(1)v.强烈要求
demand sth. of sb.向某人要某物
demand to do sth.要求去做某事
demand+that-clause [主语+(should)do.]要求……
It is demand+that… [主语+(should)do…]要求……
She demanded too high a price of me. I have asked some experts to assess the value of her house before.
她向我要价太高,之前我已经让一些专家评估了她房子的价值。
He demanded to be told everything.=He demanded that he (should) be told everything.
他要求将一切都告诉他。
It is demanded that take the place of him to arrange the meeting.
我被要求代替他筹备会议。
(2)n.需求;要求
搭配
satisfy/meet one's demands满足某人的要求
in great demand需求量大
It is our demand that she should go there.
她到那里去是我们的要求。
We rely on new sources of energy to meet the demands.
我们依靠新能源来满足需要。
It was an unusually hot summer and air-conditioners were in great demand.
那年夏天非常热,空调需求量很大。
But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.但是对专业医疗(服务)人员的需求也会增加。
易错警示
☆当表示“请求;要求”的demand, require, request等词或其名词形式后接名词性从句时,从句均应使用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。
He made the demand that he (should) be informed of the change of the plan as soon as possible.
他要求尽快被告知计划的变更情况。
His requirement was that the system(should)work.
他的要求是该系统要发挥作用。
The boss requested that all applications (should) be submitted by Monday.
老板要求所有申请必须在周一前递交。
(be) related to
教材P12 Over 56 percent of the people in small Southeast Asian country are in jobs related to agriculture.在一个东南亚小国,56%以上的人都从事与农业相关的工作。
用法详解
(1)与……有关
Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
(2)与…有亲属关系
My mother might be related to him.我母亲可能与他有亲属关系。
归纳拓展
① relate.联系
relate…to… ……联系起来
relate to sb./sth. 涉及,与……相关
② relation.联系,关系;亲属
have relation with与……有联系
in relation to与……有关;关于;与……相比
Point 2
1.单句写作
(1)The theme of the dialogue should __________________ (与…相关) the theme of the passage.
(2)Please __________ the result __________(把……与…联系起来) its cause.
2.用 relate的适当形式填空
(1) You must write down all the information __________ to the problem.
(2)I have some comments to make in __________ to this matter.
【答案解析】
1. (1)be related to/ relate to
句意:对话的主题应和文章的主题相关联。
(2)relate; to句意:请把结果和它的原因联系起来。
相关教案
高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world教案： 这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world教案，共10页。教案主要包含了教学设计理念，语篇分析，教学目标设计，教学重难点分析，教学活动设计等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语必修 第二册Unit 5 Music教案及反思： 这是一份英语必修 第二册Unit 5 Music教案及反思，共9页。教案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world教案设计： 这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world教案设计，共22页。教案主要包含了用法讲解，2019·北京卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
