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外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first导学案
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first导学案，共14页。
阅读教材P68－69中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What is really green?
A．Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes.
B．Remve the pwer plug supply，and it stps using pwer.
C．Eating lcal fd is gd fr the envirnment.
D．It's better t take a shwer than a bath.
2．Why are peple advised t take a reusable bag?
A．Because plastic bags cause envirnmental prblems.
B．Because plastic bags are difficult t prduce.
C．Because paper bags are a danger t wild animals.
D．Because the prcess f making paper bags is mre cmplicated.
3．What's cnnected with energy saving?
A．Eating lcal fd.
B．Eating transprt fd.
C．Prducing fd by urselves.
D．Using less energy during fd prductin.
4．What way f the fllwing is saving energy?
A．T spend 8 minutes t have a bath.
B．T take a shwer mre than 8 minutes.
C．T try t take a bath instead f a shwer.
D．T keep yur shwer as shrt as pssible.
[答案] 1－4 BADD
1．devte v．致力，献身，倾注→devted adj.挚爱的；忠实的→devtin n．奉献；忠诚
2．hunt v．打猎，狩猎→hunter n．猎人，猎手→hunting n．打猎，狩猎
3．present v．陈述，说明→presentatin n．报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
4．reserve n．(野生生物)保护区→reservatin n．预订；保留
5．establish v．建立，设立→establishment n．建立，设立
6．adpt v．采取(某种方法)→adpted adj.领养的→adptin n．采用；收养
7．sustain v．使保持→sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的
8．reduce v．减少，降低→reductin n．减少，降低
9．fg n．雾→fggy adj.有雾的
10．severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→severely adv.严重地
11．infect v．感染，传染→infectin n．感染，传染病→infectius adj.感染的，传染性的
12．permit v．许可，允许 n．执照；许可证→permissin n．允许，许可
13．majr adj.主要的；重要的 v．主修 n．主修科目→majrity n．多数，大多数(人或物)
14．electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电气化的
15．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地→urgency n．紧急；紧急情况
16．cncern n．& v．关心；担心→cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→cncerning prep.关于
17．cntribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)→ cntributin n．贡献；捐献
Wrds and Phrases
知识要点1 devte v．致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65)Nw，she is a mdel and perfrmance artist devted t cean cnservatin.
现在，她是一名模特儿和行为艺术家，致力于海洋保护。
[例] He is determined t devte his life t science.
他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
[知识拓展]
(1)devte ne's life/time/energy t (ding) sth.
把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devte neself t致力于；献身于；专心于
(2)devted adj.挚爱的；忠实的
be devted t (ding) sth.献身于；专心致志于
(3)devtin n.奉献；忠诚
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He always devtes his attentin t helping(help) the hmeless children.
②Devted(devte) t his research，he almst frgt everything abut himself.
③We appreciated his devtin(devte) f time and mney t the prject.
④我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。
I want t be a teacher very much and devte myself t teaching．
[小片段填空]
The ld scientist is devted t studying space，and the spirit f devtin deserves learning frm.He said he wuld g n devting himself t the science field.(devte)
知识要点2 reserve n．(野生生物)保护区；贮存 v．保留；贮存；预订
(教材P65)Hell frm Sanjiangyuan Natinal Nature Reserve(SNNR)．
大家好！这是三江源国家级自然保护区。
[例] A friend can be a reserve f help in times f truble.
朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。
[知识拓展]
(1)a wildlife reserve野生生物保护区
keep sth.in reserve保存某物以备用
reserve the right t d sth.保留做某事的权利
reserve sth.fr sb.为某人预留某物
(2)reservatin n.预定；保留
make a reservatin预定
withut reservatin毫无保留地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①T prtect wild animals，mre wildlife reserves(reserve) measures shuld be set up.
②A duble rm with a balcny has been reserved fr him.
③When talking t a friend，we shuld be frank and withut reservatin.
④我们总是存些钱备用，以防万一。
We always keep sme mney in reserve，just in case.
知识要点3 damage v．破损，损害，损伤 n．损害，损伤；损害赔偿金
(教材P65)In recent years，we have seen large areas f wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
[例] Many buildings and cars have been damaged in the explsin.
许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。
[知识拓展]
suffer damage遭受损坏
d/cause damage t给……造成损坏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Many buildings and rads were damaged(damage) badly when the heavy snw struck that city.
②She claimed damages(damage) frm the cmpany fr the injury she had suffered.
③很幸运，这场暴雨没有对农作物造成很大的损害。
It's lucky that the heavy rain didn't cause much damage t the crps.
[名师点津]
damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destry指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。
知识要点4 affect v．影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭
(教材P65)We've als seen drughts and flds caused by these changes，which affect the water supply dwnstream.
我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。
[例] An unhappy hme envirnment can affect a child's behaviur.
不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。
[知识拓展]
(1)be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动
be affected with high fever发高烧
(2)effect n.作用；影响；结果
in effect事实上
have an effect n对……有影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Affected(affect) by the rise f huse prices，peple in big cities live under great pressure.
②We want t knw whether the drug has an effect n peple's health.
③Favrable plicies are in effect t encurage emplyees' prfessinal develpment.
④他因为发高烧没有参加会议。
He didn't attend the cnference because he was affected with high fever．
知识要点5 adpt v．采取(某种方法)；收养
(教材P65)This includes keeping the riginal envirnment frm being tuched，as well as adpting new，sustainable ways f feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。
[例] All three teams adpted different ways t slve the prblem.
所有三个队都采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。
[知识拓展]
(1)adpt an idea/a plan采纳意见/计划
adpt a psitive attitude采取积极的态度
(2)adpted adj.领养的
adptin n.采用；收养
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She treated her adpted(adpt) sn as if he were her wn child.
②If yu can nt have children f yur wn，why nt cnsider adptin(adpt)?
③最近我们学校采用了一种新的英语教学法。
Our schl has adpted a new methd f teaching English recently.
[小片段填空]
Mr.White is the adpted sn f Mrs Green，wh adpted him when his parents died 20 years ag.Thanks t her adptin，Mr.White culd receive a gd educatin and became an engineer.(adpt)
[名师点津]
adapt与adpt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。
知识要点6 reduce v．减少，降低
(教材P66)Reduce waste by chsing reusable prducts ...
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
[例] One f the mst effective ways t reduce stress is t talk abut feelings with smene yu trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
[知识拓展]
reduce ...把……减少到……
reduce ...把……减少了……
be reduced t (ding) sth.沦落到……的地步
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①T imprve the air quality，the use f private cars shuld be reduced(reduce)．
②Thugh the price f the huse has been reduced by 10%，we can't affrd it either.
③Cleaner fuels have cntributed t a reductin(reduce) in air pllutin.
④在城市中没有找到合适的工作，他沦落到街头乞讨的地步。
Having failed t find a prper jb in the city，he was reduced t begging in the street.
知识要点7 permissin n．允许，许可
(教材P67)A plite interruptin is usually framed as a request fr permissin t interrupt smene，ften starting with If ...，May I ...？r Can I
礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If ...，May I ...？或者Can I ...？开始。
[例] He asked the manager's permissin t take a day ff.
他请求经理准许他请假一天。
[知识拓展]
(1)ask fr permissin请求许可
withut permissin未经许可
(2)permit v.许可，允许
n.执照；许可证
permit ding sth.允许做某事
permit sb.t d sth.允许某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's illegal t read peple's private letters withut permissin.
②The visitrs are reminded that the museum desn't permit smking(smke)．
③Passengers are permitted t carry(carry) nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
④必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。
Yu must ask fr permissin befre taking any phts inside the hall.
[小片段填空]
His father wuldn't permit him t drive there even if he had gt his driving permit.Withut his father's permissin，he had n chice but t g there by bus r n a bike.(permit)
知识要点8 majrity n．多数，大多数(人或物)
(教材P68)Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin.
我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
[例] The majrity f students fund it quite hard t understand what their new teacher said.
大部分学生都觉得很难理解他们的新老师说的话。
[知识拓展]
(1)a/the majrity f大多数……
in the majrity占多数
(2)majr adj.主要的；重要的
v.主修
n.主修科目
majr in主修
(3)minrity n.少数；少数民族
a/the minrity f少数的
in the minrity占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the nursing prfessin，wmen are in the majrity.
②At present，he majrs in Sftware Engineering at a university.
③多数人渴望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续。
The/A majrity want(s) peace，and nly a/the minrity want(s) the war t cntinue.
[名师点津]
majrity/minrity作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。但“a/the majrity/minrity f＋ n．”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数常与f后的名词保持一致。
知识要点9 amunt n．数量，数额 v．总计；达到
(教材P68)Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water.
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
[例] The lss frm the fld amunts t ten millin dllars.
水灾的损失共达1 000万美元。
[知识拓展]
(1)a large/small amunt f大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，
谓语动词用单数)
large/small amunts f大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，
谓语动词用复数)
(2)amunt t达到；等于；总共；共计
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Large amunts f mney are wasted(waste) n useless things every year.
②A large amunts f mney has been spent(spend) building mre kindergartens s far this year.
③Yu'll never amunt t anything if yu spend yur time that way!
④他每天有大量的信件要回复。
He has a large amunt/large amunts f mail t answer every day.
知识要点10 remve v．移走，搬走，去掉
(教材P69)T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff，remve the plug frm its pwer supply.
为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
[例] In rder t remve his dubts，we tld him all the truth.
为了消除他的疑惑，我们告诉了他所有的真相。
[知识拓展]
remve ...把……从……移开
remve frm ...从……搬到……
be remved frm schl开除；被勒令退学
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Remve the table t the crner，r the baby wuld bump int it.
②Teenagers shuldn't be remved(remve) frm schl althugh they dn't d well in studies.
③由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。
Because f the serius air pllutin，the family decided t remve frm the city t the cuntryside．
[明辨异同] remve，mve
[小片段填空]
First，she remved her jacket and hung it ver the chair.After that，she remved the dishes frm the table.Then she asked her husband t mve the table.(mve)
知识要点11 take accunt 把……考虑进去
(教材P69)In sme cases，lcal prduce might have used mre energy and prduced mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away — even taking int accunt its transprt.
在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
[例] When it cmes t develping ur ecnmy，we must take envirnmental prtectin int accunt.
当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。
[知识拓展]
(1)take accunt f ＝ take accunt
把……考虑在内
give an accunt f对……进行描述
n accunt f因为，由于
n n accunt决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)accunt fr解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占据
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She gave an exciting accunt f the ftball match.
②We had t put ff the sprts meet n accunt f the bad weather.
③The pr weather may have accunted fr the increase in the number f peple wh cugh day and night.
④我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。
I sincerely hpe that yu will take my suggestins int accunt．
[语境助记]
On n accunt will the head teacher take accunt f yur excuse because even yu can't accunt fr yur absence clearly.
知识要点12 urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.冲动；强烈的愿望
(教材P71)It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西。
[例] I never felt an urge t learn any sign language befre.
我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sb.t d sth./int ding sth.
力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge that ...强烈要求；极力主张[从句谓语动词用
(shuld＋)动词原形]
urge (sb.) n力劝；强调；强烈要求
(2)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
in urgent need f急需
(3)urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地
urgency n.紧急；紧急情况
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Parents shuld actively urge their children t take(take) advantage f the pprtunity t jin sprts teams.
②The peple in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent(urge) need f fd，medicine and shelters.
③It's f great urgency(urge) that we need t make the relative laws with the rapid grwth f nline shpping.
④随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。
Our teacher urged us t study/int studying hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.(简单句)
＝Our teacher urged that we (shuld) study hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.(复合句)
[小片段填空]
The teacher urged that the students (shuld) be taught hw t take urgent actin in urgency.(urge)
知识要点13 cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的
(教材P71)We are cncerned that ...
我们担心……
[例] Nw an increasing number f peple are cncerned abut the envirnmental prtectin.
现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。
[知识拓展]
(1)be cncerned abut/fr关心；挂念
be cncerned with/in与……有关；参与；牵扯到
as far as cncerned就……而言
(2)cncern n．& v.关心；担心
shw/express cncern abut/fr
对……表示关心/担心
(3)cncerning prep.关于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everyne cncerned(cncern) in the incident was questined by the plice.
②Hwever，I think we shuld shw mre cncern fr/abut ur friends.
③I am writing t see if it is pssible fr yu t prvide me with infrmatin cncerning(cncern) the club.
④就我而言，我们应该在日常生活中重视道路安全问题。
As far as I'm cncerned，we shuld take rad safety seriusly in ur daily life.
[名师点津]
cncerned用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。
知识要点14 cntribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿
(教材P72)Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint.
看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。
[例] Eating t much fat can cntribute t heart disease and cause high bld pressure.
吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。
[知识拓展]
(1)cntribute t促成；导致
向……捐献；向……投稿
(2)cntributin n.贡献；捐献；稿件
make a cntributin/cntributins t
对……做出贡献；向……捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The famus writer is ne f several authrs cntributing(cntribute) t the bk.
②He cntributed a large sum f mney t the fld victims.
③Only in this way can we make a great cntributin(cntribute) t ur family and ur sciety.
④老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。
Our teacher tells us that exercise cntributes t gd health.
[语境助记]
Many peple cntributed mney t the pr by，which cntributed t his returning t schl.A writer wrte a stry abut this and cntributed it t a press.
知识要点15 average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，一般的 n．平均；平均数；平均水平 v．平均为，平均达到
(教材P72)The average scre f ur grup is ...
我们组的平均成绩是……
[例] The average time the Chinese peple spend nline is 17 hurs per week.
中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。
[知识拓展]
an average f平均
with the/an average f平均为
n (the/an) average平均起来；在一般情况下
abve/belw (the) average高于/低于平均数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's a small shp，with an average f abut 500 custmers a week.
②T their jy，their sn's schlwrk is well abve average.
③你平均每星期花多少时间做运动？
On average，hw much time d yu spend n sprts activities each week?
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 倍数表达法
(教材P68)Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water.
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
句式分析：fur times as much energy as是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数＋as much/many＋n.＋as”。
[例1] Our cmpany has published twice as many bks as we did last year.
我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。
[例2] Peter's jacket lked just the same as Jack's，but it cst twice as much as his.
彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他的两倍。
[知识拓展]
常见的倍数句型：
(1)...倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as ...
(2)...倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than ...
(3)...倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth ...) ＋f ...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①This hill is fur times the height(high) f that small ne.
②The ld railway is three times lnger(lng) than the new highspeed railway.
③It's said that the pwer plant is nw twice as large as what it was.
④我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。
My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times as big as the previus ne.(同级比较)
＝My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times bigger than the previus ne.(比较级)
＝My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times the size f the previus ne.(the＋名词＋f)
推理判断题之写作意图/目的
任何人写文章都有意图或目的，阅读理解题时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查学生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握文章的主题思想。
[方法技巧] 文体特点看意图
①故事类：t entertain readers/t tell an experience。
②广告类：t persuade readers/t sell a prduct r a service/t attract readers r visitrs。
③科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类：T infrm readers/t reprt/t tell/t describe。
[例题剖析]
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills.We learn t bear with the things we can't change.We learn t avid selfpity.We learn that hwever much we try t please，sme peple are never ging t lve us—an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
·What des the authr intend t tell us in the paragraph?
A．A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live withut selfpity.
C．A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D．A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
D [本题利用“方法技巧③”解题，题干中的 intend t tell us也印证了这一点。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知此段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法对待生活。]
[即学即练]
After years f bserving human nature，I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance：curisity and discntent.I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either.And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth.The tw belng tgether.
·The authr aims t________in the paragraph.
A．prpse a definitin
B．make a cmparisn
C．reach a cnclusin
D．present an argument
[答案] D
remve
强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，还可以表示“开除；消除；除去”等含义。
mve
强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变。
阅读教材P68－69中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What is really green?
A．Paper shpping bags are better than plastic nes.
B．Remve the pwer plug supply，and it stps using pwer.
C．Eating lcal fd is gd fr the envirnment.
D．It's better t take a shwer than a bath.
2．Why are peple advised t take a reusable bag?
A．Because plastic bags cause envirnmental prblems.
B．Because plastic bags are difficult t prduce.
C．Because paper bags are a danger t wild animals.
D．Because the prcess f making paper bags is mre cmplicated.
3．What's cnnected with energy saving?
A．Eating lcal fd.
B．Eating transprt fd.
C．Prducing fd by urselves.
D．Using less energy during fd prductin.
4．What way f the fllwing is saving energy?
A．T spend 8 minutes t have a bath.
B．T take a shwer mre than 8 minutes.
C．T try t take a bath instead f a shwer.
D．T keep yur shwer as shrt as pssible.
[答案] 1－4 BADD
1．devte v．致力，献身，倾注→devted adj.挚爱的；忠实的→devtin n．奉献；忠诚
2．hunt v．打猎，狩猎→hunter n．猎人，猎手→hunting n．打猎，狩猎
3．present v．陈述，说明→presentatin n．报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
4．reserve n．(野生生物)保护区→reservatin n．预订；保留
5．establish v．建立，设立→establishment n．建立，设立
6．adpt v．采取(某种方法)→adpted adj.领养的→adptin n．采用；收养
7．sustain v．使保持→sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的
8．reduce v．减少，降低→reductin n．减少，降低
9．fg n．雾→fggy adj.有雾的
10．severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→severely adv.严重地
11．infect v．感染，传染→infectin n．感染，传染病→infectius adj.感染的，传染性的
12．permit v．许可，允许 n．执照；许可证→permissin n．允许，许可
13．majr adj.主要的；重要的 v．主修 n．主修科目→majrity n．多数，大多数(人或物)
14．electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电气化的
15．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地→urgency n．紧急；紧急情况
16．cncern n．& v．关心；担心→cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→cncerning prep.关于
17．cntribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)→ cntributin n．贡献；捐献
Wrds and Phrases
知识要点1 devte v．致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65)Nw，she is a mdel and perfrmance artist devted t cean cnservatin.
现在，她是一名模特儿和行为艺术家，致力于海洋保护。
[例] He is determined t devte his life t science.
他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
[知识拓展]
(1)devte ne's life/time/energy t (ding) sth.
把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devte neself t致力于；献身于；专心于
(2)devted adj.挚爱的；忠实的
be devted t (ding) sth.献身于；专心致志于
(3)devtin n.奉献；忠诚
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He always devtes his attentin t helping(help) the hmeless children.
②Devted(devte) t his research，he almst frgt everything abut himself.
③We appreciated his devtin(devte) f time and mney t the prject.
④我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。
I want t be a teacher very much and devte myself t teaching．
[小片段填空]
The ld scientist is devted t studying space，and the spirit f devtin deserves learning frm.He said he wuld g n devting himself t the science field.(devte)
知识要点2 reserve n．(野生生物)保护区；贮存 v．保留；贮存；预订
(教材P65)Hell frm Sanjiangyuan Natinal Nature Reserve(SNNR)．
大家好！这是三江源国家级自然保护区。
[例] A friend can be a reserve f help in times f truble.
朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。
[知识拓展]
(1)a wildlife reserve野生生物保护区
keep sth.in reserve保存某物以备用
reserve the right t d sth.保留做某事的权利
reserve sth.fr sb.为某人预留某物
(2)reservatin n.预定；保留
make a reservatin预定
withut reservatin毫无保留地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①T prtect wild animals，mre wildlife reserves(reserve) measures shuld be set up.
②A duble rm with a balcny has been reserved fr him.
③When talking t a friend，we shuld be frank and withut reservatin.
④我们总是存些钱备用，以防万一。
We always keep sme mney in reserve，just in case.
知识要点3 damage v．破损，损害，损伤 n．损害，损伤；损害赔偿金
(教材P65)In recent years，we have seen large areas f wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
[例] Many buildings and cars have been damaged in the explsin.
许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。
[知识拓展]
suffer damage遭受损坏
d/cause damage t给……造成损坏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Many buildings and rads were damaged(damage) badly when the heavy snw struck that city.
②She claimed damages(damage) frm the cmpany fr the injury she had suffered.
③很幸运，这场暴雨没有对农作物造成很大的损害。
It's lucky that the heavy rain didn't cause much damage t the crps.
[名师点津]
damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destry指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。
知识要点4 affect v．影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭
(教材P65)We've als seen drughts and flds caused by these changes，which affect the water supply dwnstream.
我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。
[例] An unhappy hme envirnment can affect a child's behaviur.
不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。
[知识拓展]
(1)be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动
be affected with high fever发高烧
(2)effect n.作用；影响；结果
in effect事实上
have an effect n对……有影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Affected(affect) by the rise f huse prices，peple in big cities live under great pressure.
②We want t knw whether the drug has an effect n peple's health.
③Favrable plicies are in effect t encurage emplyees' prfessinal develpment.
④他因为发高烧没有参加会议。
He didn't attend the cnference because he was affected with high fever．
知识要点5 adpt v．采取(某种方法)；收养
(教材P65)This includes keeping the riginal envirnment frm being tuched，as well as adpting new，sustainable ways f feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。
[例] All three teams adpted different ways t slve the prblem.
所有三个队都采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。
[知识拓展]
(1)adpt an idea/a plan采纳意见/计划
adpt a psitive attitude采取积极的态度
(2)adpted adj.领养的
adptin n.采用；收养
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She treated her adpted(adpt) sn as if he were her wn child.
②If yu can nt have children f yur wn，why nt cnsider adptin(adpt)?
③最近我们学校采用了一种新的英语教学法。
Our schl has adpted a new methd f teaching English recently.
[小片段填空]
Mr.White is the adpted sn f Mrs Green，wh adpted him when his parents died 20 years ag.Thanks t her adptin，Mr.White culd receive a gd educatin and became an engineer.(adpt)
[名师点津]
adapt与adpt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。
知识要点6 reduce v．减少，降低
(教材P66)Reduce waste by chsing reusable prducts ...
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
[例] One f the mst effective ways t reduce stress is t talk abut feelings with smene yu trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
[知识拓展]
reduce ...把……减少到……
reduce ...把……减少了……
be reduced t (ding) sth.沦落到……的地步
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①T imprve the air quality，the use f private cars shuld be reduced(reduce)．
②Thugh the price f the huse has been reduced by 10%，we can't affrd it either.
③Cleaner fuels have cntributed t a reductin(reduce) in air pllutin.
④在城市中没有找到合适的工作，他沦落到街头乞讨的地步。
Having failed t find a prper jb in the city，he was reduced t begging in the street.
知识要点7 permissin n．允许，许可
(教材P67)A plite interruptin is usually framed as a request fr permissin t interrupt smene，ften starting with If ...，May I ...？r Can I
礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If ...，May I ...？或者Can I ...？开始。
[例] He asked the manager's permissin t take a day ff.
他请求经理准许他请假一天。
[知识拓展]
(1)ask fr permissin请求许可
withut permissin未经许可
(2)permit v.许可，允许
n.执照；许可证
permit ding sth.允许做某事
permit sb.t d sth.允许某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's illegal t read peple's private letters withut permissin.
②The visitrs are reminded that the museum desn't permit smking(smke)．
③Passengers are permitted t carry(carry) nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
④必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。
Yu must ask fr permissin befre taking any phts inside the hall.
[小片段填空]
His father wuldn't permit him t drive there even if he had gt his driving permit.Withut his father's permissin，he had n chice but t g there by bus r n a bike.(permit)
知识要点8 majrity n．多数，大多数(人或物)
(教材P68)Mst f us are aware that we must take care f the envirnment，and the majrity f us take steps t save energy and reduce waste and pllutin.
我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
[例] The majrity f students fund it quite hard t understand what their new teacher said.
大部分学生都觉得很难理解他们的新老师说的话。
[知识拓展]
(1)a/the majrity f大多数……
in the majrity占多数
(2)majr adj.主要的；重要的
v.主修
n.主修科目
majr in主修
(3)minrity n.少数；少数民族
a/the minrity f少数的
in the minrity占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In the nursing prfessin，wmen are in the majrity.
②At present，he majrs in Sftware Engineering at a university.
③多数人渴望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续。
The/A majrity want(s) peace，and nly a/the minrity want(s) the war t cntinue.
[名师点津]
majrity/minrity作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。但“a/the majrity/minrity f＋ n．”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数常与f后的名词保持一致。
知识要点9 amunt n．数量，数额 v．总计；达到
(教材P68)Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water.
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
[例] The lss frm the fld amunts t ten millin dllars.
水灾的损失共达1 000万美元。
[知识拓展]
(1)a large/small amunt f大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，
谓语动词用单数)
large/small amunts f大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，
谓语动词用复数)
(2)amunt t达到；等于；总共；共计
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Large amunts f mney are wasted(waste) n useless things every year.
②A large amunts f mney has been spent(spend) building mre kindergartens s far this year.
③Yu'll never amunt t anything if yu spend yur time that way!
④他每天有大量的信件要回复。
He has a large amunt/large amunts f mail t answer every day.
知识要点10 remve v．移走，搬走，去掉
(教材P69)T make sure yur appliance is in fact ff，remve the plug frm its pwer supply.
为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。
[例] In rder t remve his dubts，we tld him all the truth.
为了消除他的疑惑，我们告诉了他所有的真相。
[知识拓展]
remve ...把……从……移开
remve frm ...从……搬到……
be remved frm schl开除；被勒令退学
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Remve the table t the crner，r the baby wuld bump int it.
②Teenagers shuldn't be remved(remve) frm schl althugh they dn't d well in studies.
③由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。
Because f the serius air pllutin，the family decided t remve frm the city t the cuntryside．
[明辨异同] remve，mve
[小片段填空]
First，she remved her jacket and hung it ver the chair.After that，she remved the dishes frm the table.Then she asked her husband t mve the table.(mve)
知识要点11 take accunt 把……考虑进去
(教材P69)In sme cases，lcal prduce might have used mre energy and prduced mre greenhuse gases than prduce grwn a lng way away — even taking int accunt its transprt.
在有些情况下，即使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
[例] When it cmes t develping ur ecnmy，we must take envirnmental prtectin int accunt.
当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。
[知识拓展]
(1)take accunt f ＝ take accunt
把……考虑在内
give an accunt f对……进行描述
n accunt f因为，由于
n n accunt决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)accunt fr解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占据
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She gave an exciting accunt f the ftball match.
②We had t put ff the sprts meet n accunt f the bad weather.
③The pr weather may have accunted fr the increase in the number f peple wh cugh day and night.
④我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。
I sincerely hpe that yu will take my suggestins int accunt．
[语境助记]
On n accunt will the head teacher take accunt f yur excuse because even yu can't accunt fr yur absence clearly.
知识要点12 urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.冲动；强烈的愿望
(教材P71)It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西。
[例] I never felt an urge t learn any sign language befre.
我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sb.t d sth./int ding sth.
力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge that ...强烈要求；极力主张[从句谓语动词用
(shuld＋)动词原形]
urge (sb.) n力劝；强调；强烈要求
(2)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
in urgent need f急需
(3)urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地
urgency n.紧急；紧急情况
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Parents shuld actively urge their children t take(take) advantage f the pprtunity t jin sprts teams.
②The peple in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent(urge) need f fd，medicine and shelters.
③It's f great urgency(urge) that we need t make the relative laws with the rapid grwth f nline shpping.
④随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。
Our teacher urged us t study/int studying hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.(简单句)
＝Our teacher urged that we (shuld) study hard with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin drawing near.(复合句)
[小片段填空]
The teacher urged that the students (shuld) be taught hw t take urgent actin in urgency.(urge)
知识要点13 cncerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的
(教材P71)We are cncerned that ...
我们担心……
[例] Nw an increasing number f peple are cncerned abut the envirnmental prtectin.
现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。
[知识拓展]
(1)be cncerned abut/fr关心；挂念
be cncerned with/in与……有关；参与；牵扯到
as far as cncerned就……而言
(2)cncern n．& v.关心；担心
shw/express cncern abut/fr
对……表示关心/担心
(3)cncerning prep.关于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Everyne cncerned(cncern) in the incident was questined by the plice.
②Hwever，I think we shuld shw mre cncern fr/abut ur friends.
③I am writing t see if it is pssible fr yu t prvide me with infrmatin cncerning(cncern) the club.
④就我而言，我们应该在日常生活中重视道路安全问题。
As far as I'm cncerned，we shuld take rad safety seriusly in ur daily life.
[名师点津]
cncerned用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。
知识要点14 cntribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿
(教材P72)Lk at the three items that cntribute t a carbn ftprint.
看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。
[例] Eating t much fat can cntribute t heart disease and cause high bld pressure.
吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。
[知识拓展]
(1)cntribute t促成；导致
向……捐献；向……投稿
(2)cntributin n.贡献；捐献；稿件
make a cntributin/cntributins t
对……做出贡献；向……捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The famus writer is ne f several authrs cntributing(cntribute) t the bk.
②He cntributed a large sum f mney t the fld victims.
③Only in this way can we make a great cntributin(cntribute) t ur family and ur sciety.
④老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。
Our teacher tells us that exercise cntributes t gd health.
[语境助记]
Many peple cntributed mney t the pr by，which cntributed t his returning t schl.A writer wrte a stry abut this and cntributed it t a press.
知识要点15 average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，一般的 n．平均；平均数；平均水平 v．平均为，平均达到
(教材P72)The average scre f ur grup is ...
我们组的平均成绩是……
[例] The average time the Chinese peple spend nline is 17 hurs per week.
中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。
[知识拓展]
an average f平均
with the/an average f平均为
n (the/an) average平均起来；在一般情况下
abve/belw (the) average高于/低于平均数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's a small shp，with an average f abut 500 custmers a week.
②T their jy，their sn's schlwrk is well abve average.
③你平均每星期花多少时间做运动？
On average，hw much time d yu spend n sprts activities each week?
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 倍数表达法
(教材P68)Hwever，making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water.
然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。
句式分析：fur times as much energy as是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数＋as much/many＋n.＋as”。
[例1] Our cmpany has published twice as many bks as we did last year.
我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。
[例2] Peter's jacket lked just the same as Jack's，but it cst twice as much as his.
彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他的两倍。
[知识拓展]
常见的倍数句型：
(1)...倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as ...
(2)...倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than ...
(3)...倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth ...) ＋f ...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①This hill is fur times the height(high) f that small ne.
②The ld railway is three times lnger(lng) than the new highspeed railway.
③It's said that the pwer plant is nw twice as large as what it was.
④我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。
My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times as big as the previus ne.(同级比较)
＝My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times bigger than the previus ne.(比较级)
＝My farm has expanded int a big ne，which is three times the size f the previus ne.(the＋名词＋f)
推理判断题之写作意图/目的
任何人写文章都有意图或目的，阅读理解题时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查学生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握文章的主题思想。
[方法技巧] 文体特点看意图
①故事类：t entertain readers/t tell an experience。
②广告类：t persuade readers/t sell a prduct r a service/t attract readers r visitrs。
③科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类：T infrm readers/t reprt/t tell/t describe。
[例题剖析]
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills.We learn t bear with the things we can't change.We learn t avid selfpity.We learn that hwever much we try t please，sme peple are never ging t lve us—an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
·What des the authr intend t tell us in the paragraph?
A．A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live withut selfpity.
C．A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D．A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
D [本题利用“方法技巧③”解题，题干中的 intend t tell us也印证了这一点。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知此段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法对待生活。]
[即学即练]
After years f bserving human nature，I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance：curisity and discntent.I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either.And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth.The tw belng tgether.
·The authr aims t________in the paragraph.
A．prpse a definitin
B．make a cmparisn
C．reach a cnclusin
D．present an argument
[答案] D
remve
强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，还可以表示“开除；消除；除去”等含义。
mve
强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变。
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