专题04：图片图表作文+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）


第四讲

图表作文篇+综合练

词汇拓展





专题突破





实战演练





能力提升练






词汇拓展





四级词汇
词义
例句
1. formation [fɔː'meɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 形成；构造；编队
My profession had an important influence in the formation of my character and temperament. 
2. formula ['fɔːmjʊlə]
n. 公式，分子式；准则，方案；配方
We’re still searching for a peace formula. 
Sugar is represented by the simple formula CHO. 
Our products are handmade from traditional formulas.
3. forthcoming [fɔːθ'kʌmɪŋ]
adj. 即将来临的
Keep an eye on the noticeboards for forthcoming events.
4. fraction ['frækʃ(ə)n]
n. 少量，稍微；分数
She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 
The students had a grasp of decimals, percentages and fractions.
5. fragment ['frægm(ə)nt]
n. 碎片；片段或不完整部分
v. 使成碎片；碎裂
She read everything, digesting every fragment of news. 
The clouds fragmented and out came the sun. 
6. frown [fraʊn]
v. 皱眉，蹙额
n. 皱眉，蹙额
frown on/upon sb/sth不赞成，反对〔尤指某人的行为〕

She frowned as she read the letter.
There was a deep frown on the boy's face. 
Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon.
7. furious ['fjʊərɪəs]
adj. 激烈的，猛烈的；狂怒的
He is furious at the way his wife has been treated. 
Neil set off at a furious pace .
8. gasp  [gɑːsp]
v./n. 喘气；〔因惊讶或疼痛而〕倒抽气
She gave a little gasp and clutched George’s hand.
The audience gasped at the splendour of the costumes.
9. glide  [glaɪd]
v. 滑翔；滑行
Do you think we can glide down this glacier? 
10. grind [graɪnd]
v. 磨碎；磨光
n. 磨；苦工作
The rice will grind down into flour.
It was beyond my ability to grind a blade this broad. 
11. gross [grəʊs]
adj. 总的,毛的；粗野的；恶劣的；严重的
The company was guilty of gross negligence.
a gross profit of 5 million 500万美元的毛利
They had a commercial on the other night for Drug Free America that was so gross I thought Dad was going to faint. 
12. harness ['hɑːnɪs]
vt. 利用；治理；驾驭；给…套上挽具
n. 马具，系带
We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity.
On Sunday the horses were harnessed to a heavy wagon for a day-long ride over the border. 
13. harsh  [hɑːʃ]
adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的
The hostages are being held in harsh conditions. 
He had harsh words (= severe criticism ) for the Government. 
It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.
14. haste [heɪst]
n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率
In their haste to escape the rising water, they dropped some expensive equipment. 
15. hasten  ['heɪs(ə)n]
v. 加速；使赶紧；催促
Their departure was hastened by an abnormally cold winter. 
I hastened to assure her that there was no danger.

专题突破





（一）图片作文
图片作文分两种，一种是漫画类，以讽刺或教育为目的；一种是普通图片类，一般会结合其他作文类型考察，如2012年上海高考作文。

1、漫画类写作思路和例句
1）描述图片（运用从句和非谓语一两句话描述清楚）
①As is vividly depicted/indicated in the picture, …
② This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can observe that…

2）论述图片寓意及所反映的社会现象部分
①What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today’s society.
What it illustrates is the problem of …, which is a common phenomenon in today’s society.
② Simple as the picture seems to be, the intended/implied meaning goes far deeper.

3）评论与观点、建议与措施部分
① As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view,..... Consequently, it is high time that measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Only in this way can we…
② Therefore, I am firmly convinced that… In the long run, it will have a negative influence on constructing a harmonious society. It is high time that we took some measures to put an end to this phenomenon.

2、真题演练
（2002年上海高考）简要描述图片内容，就图片主题谈谈自己感想。
范文：
As is vividly depicted in the picture, a girl is learning to ride a bike with her parents and even grand-parents running around her, sweating. Obviously, they intend to protect the child, for fear that she might fall off the bike and get hurt.
What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today’s society. Due to the one-child policy, the only kids in many families are considered as kings or queens. The parents, consciously or unconsciously, have offered too much help and make too many decisions for the kids themselves, which definitely spoil the children. As a result, children become so dependent and incapable that they may find it hard to survive the fierce competition in future. It is also likely that they will have trouble handling future problems on their own.
In conclusion, it’s high time that children learned to say no to their parents’ unnecessary protection. At the same time, young as they are, they should make parents believe they are old enough to accumulate practical experience in real life and prepare themselves for the future. Only when kids depend on themselves rather than their parents can they get mature and face everything with confidence and courage in the future.

（2012年上海高考）上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩Amy所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图所示），回家后你用英语写了一篇日记，内容包括：
● 对两堂绘画课的具体描述；
● 你从中获得的启示；

June 2nd, 2012 Sunny
Today, I witnessed two drawing lessons in the class of Amy, an elementary school student.
In the first lesson, the teacher spread a large piece of drawing cloth on the ground. Amy, as well as other students, was encouraged to step on wet paint. Then, she left her footprints on the cloth by stamping hard on it. At the end of the lesson, the cloth was scattered with colorful footprints.
In the second lesson, the teacher taught traditional drawing skills. Later, Amy was required to draw a picture as instructed with paint and a brush. She had a good comprehension of the teacher’s words. In a short time, she managed to finish a picture with a dazzling sun, flying birds and a mountain with beautiful curves.
My experience in Amy’s school has provided me with food for thought. The two lessons reflect different teaching methods. The former adopted an innovative approach, encouraging students’ enthusiasm and creativity through little restriction. The latter used a more conventional way, involving classroom teaching and assignments. From my perspective, the school’s action of combining these two methods should be advocated. In recent years, there is a heated debate about what kind of teaching method best caters to students’ needs. The school’s practice offers a solution that we can kill two birds with one stone rather than choose one method and abandon another. In this way, students can not only get enough freedom, but also learn necessary basic skills.
Hopefully, more students can be as fortunate as Amy to experience both methods!


（二）图表作文
图表作文就是把非文字信息（通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等）转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆图形、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，具体要求：
1. 用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；
2. 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。
图表作文着重说明事实，常常通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文的写作方法。

1、写作思路和例句
1）引出主题，描述图表反映和反映的主题思想
As can be seen from the graph/chart/table,
It can be clearly seen that ... tops the list, which account for 58%. ... ranks second, making up 33%. While 9% ..

2）分析产生的原因
Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
There are two factors accounting for these changes.

3）展望未来或提出方法或建议
From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we can draw the conclusion that…
It is high time that we put an end to...

2、图表作文常用词
数据图
data graph/chart/diagram
稳定的
stable/steady/hardly any change
饼图/柱形图
pie chart/bar chart
急剧的
sharp/dramatic/steep
表格图
table
轻微的
slight
数字、数据
figures/statistics/data/number
明显的
obvious/apparent/evident/distinct/noticeable/
pronounced
上升
increase/rise/ascend/surge/go up/climb/mount
比较
by contract/on the contrary/
compared with/likewise
下降
decrease/fall/drop/descend/go
down/decrease/reduce/lessen
占比表达方式
which account for/make up/add up to 20%
accounting for/making up/adding up to 20%
which is the choice of 20%
as 20% of them choose
3、模拟演练

下面的饼状图(pie chart)显示了你最近对你校学生兴趣爱好的调查结果。 请你用英语写一篇短文, 报道你的调查结果, 并对此结果发表你的看法或建议。


Recently, I have conducted a survey on the hobbies and interests of my fellow students, the results of which are shown in this pie chart. Obviously, of all the activities available to the students, the most popular hobby is doing sports, which accounts for 53 percent. Meanwhile, surfing the Internet is ranked second by 36%. Finally, reading was chosen by eight percent of the students, followed by playing instruments, which only attracted three percent of votes.
Personally, I believe doing sports is a good way to spend our spare time, while the students who enjoy surfing the Internet would be better off if they spent their time doing something else, such as reading or playing music. The reasons are as follows. As far as physical health is concerned, there is no better way of staying healthy than doing sports. Sports enhance all aspects of a person’s physiological well-being, and can also cultivate a person’s sense of teamwork and his courage as well：so it should be recommended as a desirable way for a student to spend his time. As to surfing the Internet, it’s not surprising that it comes second with the rapid development of science and technology. But just as every coin has two sides, we should deal with computers rationally—try to take full advantage of it and in the meantime learn to avoid the potential harm. As an alternative, reading books or playing musical instruments are beneficial in cultivating students’ character. Students can turn to books for guidance or express themselves by playing music, for both books and music are the essence of human civilization and beauty.
All in all, I hope that my survey can reflect the recent trends in student hobbies and help reverse the ones that are harmful to the healthy and meaningful life of teenagers today.

（2016年上海高考）Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为＂父母是否以子女为荣＂。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：
1. 描述调研数据；
2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。

范文1
Recently, I have been taking part in a research on “Whether Parents feel honoured of their children.” After asking both students and their parents in my school, I found that 80% of the parents thought they feel honoured of their children while 40% of the students remained unrealizing.
There must be some reasons accounting for the phenomenon. As far as I am concerned, parents’ silent love may be top to say. Usually, children may feel annoyed when their parents advise them to do something or simply help them to accomplish something. So children always turn a deaf ear and blind eyes to their parents, ignoring all of their voices and actions. It’s no surprise that they couldn’t find out their parents’ true feelings about them.
What’s more, many parents show their love in some strange ways and thus having no understandings with their children. Kids will only feel that they are not good enough when parents push them to get progress. However, in parents’ opinion, it’s a way to express their love and expression.
In addition, more and more children are becoming self-concerned, not only in school but also at homes.
In conclusion, either part of the relationship may result in the problem. In terms of the increased emergency of conflicts between parents and children, the research is truly a profound lessons for those inexperienced parents and the adult-to-be like us.

范文2
A survey conducted recently indicates that the parents who are proud of their children are twenty percent more than the children who consider themselves as prides of their parents.
There exist two reasons, which may account for this subtle difference. First, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their kids. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence. Second, the current educational system excessively emphasizes the value of academic performance, thus forcing children to extensively believe that only by achieving excellent scores can they make their parents proud. This bias unfairly undermines the significance of talents for art and sports, which easily frustrates children and renders them more likely to underestimate themselves.
Without the genuine encouragement from parents and the reversal of exam-oriented educational methods, a kid would never end up with a positive grown-up.

2006年上海高考
下表提供了你所心仪的南、北两所大学的招生信息，通过对比做出选择，并结合个人情况说明理由。

南方大学
北方大学
学费
8000元/年
5000元/年
招生人数
20人
10人
优惠政策
无
加20分
I am a senior three student and will begin to receive my high education from this September. So I am considering which university I should apply for.
Among the university all over the country, the Southern University and the Northern University are my favorite ones, and both have respective advantages. The expense of the Southern University is 8,000yuan per year, 3,000yuan more expensive than that of the Northern University. However, the number of students that will be admitted to the Southern University is twice as that of the Northern University , accounting for 20. As to the Northern University, what attracts me most is its beneficial policy that if I apply for it, I will get an extra 20-point in my college entrance exam. It’s really a remarkable factor.
Having thought twice, difficult as making the final decision is, I choose the Northern University. First, it’s cheaper studying there, so that my parents’ burden of money will relatively light. Second, 20 point is of considerable amount, which will certainly help me in my exam. Although it will enroll only 10 students, I have the confidence to be admitted.

实战演练





Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

一家服装店的橱窗外,两只狐狸在对话：
——爸爸快看,妈妈在对我笑呐！
——走吧儿子,有人过来了。
请简要描述这幅图片,并就其传达的信息和意义谈谈你的看法。
As is vividly depicted in the picture, two foxes are looking at a fashionable coat in front of a clothes shop. The young fox is especially glad when seeing the fur collar, saying, “Daddy, my mother is smiling to me”, while the old fox is rather worried, telling his child to go, as someone may come to catch them for fur. What a tragedy!
The first time I saw this picture, something came to my mind immediately. For one thing, it is human beings who are using animals’ furs to make clothing. To make matters worse, they consider clothing with fur fashionable and compete with one another on the basis of the number of clothing with fur that they are in possession of. For another, animals are sad to experience misfortune. There’s no doubt that they wish to escape this destiny, but they are too often too weak to run away, let alone to fight against this fate. Given chances to communicate with human beings, they would definitely complain and even condemn([kən'dem] 谴责)our cruelty.
As far as I am concerned, killing animals as well as using their fur for coats leads to a number of unfavorable consequences. Thus, it is high time that the awareness of the significance of protecting animals should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. Only in this way, can animals and human beings live in harmony. (228)

实战演练





Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions.
下面一组图片展现了现代生活方式。请根据你对这组图片的理解用英语写一篇短文。

你的短文应包含以下内容:
1、描述图片的内容；
2、分析该现象的原因；
3、结合生活实际，谈谈你的感想。
Just as the picture shows vividly, in front of the computer sits a man who is absorbed in it / is chained to it
whether at work, at home or in play, overlooking the outside world completely. Eventually, he even cannot ridhimself of the fantasy of using the computer in his dream. 
Many factors combine to cause the phenomenon. On the one hand, the computer facilitates our work efficiency and entertainment, making it easy for us to contact each other. On the other hand, it deprives us of opportunities to get close nature and alienates us from our families and friends. The more addicted we are to computers, the more dependent we are on them.
It should set alarm bells ringing and awaken us to the fact that addiction to the computer has posed a threat to us. Bear in mind that the computer is nothing but a tool, so we cannot be a slave to it but the master. A reasonable understanding of technology will undoubtedly pave the way for bettering our life.

假如你是某校学生会委员，在学校组织了一项有2000多名学生参与的“有烦恼向谁倾诉”的调查活动。请写一份调查报告，内容须包括下表内容以及你对调查结果的看法。
要求：题目自拟
字数：120—150
求助对象
比例
理由
同学、朋友
58%
年龄相仿、易于沟通、… …
老师、家长
33%
有经验、值得信任、… …
自己独立解决
9%
不愿交流沟通、 … …
范文
The chart above illustrates the result of the survey “To whom do you go when in trouble” conducted in high schools recently. It can be clearly seen that classmates and friends tops the list, adding up to 58%. Teachers and parents ranks second, making up 33%, while those who solve the problem on their own accounts for only 9%.The reasons for the phenomenon may be as follows:
The share of the similar experience mainly contributes to the tendency for us to complain to our classmates and friends instead of the older generation. Because of the identical feelings, we may find the solutions suggested by our friends to be more useful and advisable. On the contrary, owing to the unavoidable generation gap, we are sure to value the trouble or problems differently from teachers and parents, and the disagreement may even cause unnecessary argument, thus turning away many youngsters.
Secondly, the lack of self-confidence and independence may account for the 9% part. We have little courage to burden the consequence of our own life choice, thus habitually turning to others for help. The result of this situation is the less we try, the less mature we are.
To sum up, the process of growing may usually be painful, and young students may have to face various kinds of troubles. As long as they take optimistic views and proper methods, those troubles will no longer obstacles. Just open your heart and pick up your courage.


能力提升练





（一）Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
The saying “power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” is so widely believed that it’s taken as fact.
Certainly there are plenty of examples of power misuse, but new research from University of Michigan ____21____(do) by Professor Leigh Tost finds that those in power, in certain situations, actually show more generosity in their financial and resource decisions.
“This is part of a stream of research I’m working on that ___22____(weaken) the assumed association between power and corruption,” said Tost, assistant professor of management and organizations at the Ross School of Business. “This popular opinion is only part of the story. We also see people helped by those ____23____ have a sense of responsibility with their power.”
Tost’s study, published in the journal Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processed, examines ___24____ this works.
A series of experiments by Tost and his colleagues gave test subjects the ability ____25____(distribute) resources, mostly money, between themselves and others, and the experimenters varied the amount of power participants felt during the studies. The results indicate that when people were aware that their decisions ___26____(impact) other people in the future, those tempted to feel more powerful actually behaved ____27____(generously), not less.
“We found that when people experienced power and were aware of future others’ dependence on them, they felt a sense of responsibility,” Tost said. “Rather than being corrupt, they were more generous and thought more long-term.”
Business executives make resource allocations all the time. Constantly they __28____ ______ keep a balance when deciding how much of an organization’s limited resources to invest into enhancing short-term profitability rather than enhancing the company’s long-term sustainability.
Tost’s research suggests that when decision makers ___29_____(remind) that future generations will be affected by present-day actions, they are likely to be more prosocial in their decision making.
“Many small decisions you make in your own life have an impact on someone in the future,” Tost said. “Being aware of that activates the mechanisms we found in the study. It’s ___30____ for everyone to think about.”

Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. connected B. concern C. ideal D. access AB. blame AC. dissatisfied
AD. initiating BC. contact BD. effects CD. exposed ABC. screaming

Living in a technological era, we have access to the tabloids(小报) more than ever before. There are television sets, magazine covers, Internet blogs, and movies ____31_____ to be read and watched, and they are full of images of these so-called celebrities. When a life of parties, short-term relationships, drugs, and alcohol are leading celebrities like Britney, Paris, and Lindsay to gradually get out of control, you would think that their lifestyle is not ___32____. But, fans of these stars disagree.
Now, in an age where we have more ___33____ with celebrity gossip than we have ever much of an influence on young girls. This effect is especially evident in their appearance and attitudes. With celebrities creating impossible standards of beauty, more and more young adults are feeling “less confident, more angry, and more ___34_____” with their looks. Based on a poll, 40% of nine and ten-year-olds had tried losing weight and at age thirteen, 53% of girls were unhappy with their image. Now, the media is not to ___35_____, but with celebrities becoming thinner and thinner, much self-confidence is lost and images of television stars or models have been ___36_____ to body displeasure. Stars need to be concerned about their image because of the unpleasant fat that it causes young fans to strive to be unhealthily thin. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that eating disorders affect more than five million Americans a year, with disorders usually beginning in the teens or as early as eight. Celebrities should stay at a safe weight to ensure their health and the ____37_____ their weight has on influencing their younger viewers.
Based on the latest Kaiser Family Foundation survey, two in every three parents feel that their children are being _____38____ to too much inappropriate content in the media. Where does this ____39_____ come from? 34% of parents stated that they believe that television contains the most inappropriate content. With television shows today including sexual content, violence, and adult language, children watch unsuitable matter for their ages, affecting their personality. Since many parents work and are not always at home, kids can ____40_____ shows, movies, and the Internet blogs that can tell them things that should be left for parents to explain. There is no possible way to end this media madness, but experts say that “attentive parents, strong teachers and nice friends are an excellent counterbalance” to pop culture garbage. Stars need to be more aware of their images because some are allowing younger fans content that many parents do not want their child to see.
21. done 22. weakens/has weakened 23. who 24. how 25. to distribute
26. would impact 27. more generously 28. have to 29. are reminded 30. something
31—40 ABC C BC AC AB A BD CD B D

（二）Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When someone smiles, a glum (闷闷不乐的) mood is lifted. But change the cast of a smile, and the consequences ___41____. Understanding the nuances (细微差别) helps ensure that you send and receive the right _____42.____ of mouth. Here are some interesting insights about this familiar gesture.
* Outer Smile, Inner Darkness
____43___, a smile can express contempt (蔑视). Bullies may want others to see their smiles and ___44____ their evil intention. The result is a conscious disconnect between outward expression and inner feelings. Other times, the disconnect may be unconscious—the result of ____45____ negative feelings. A person may have heard as a child that angry feelings should never be expressed, so sometimes the indication of anger is covered with ____46___.
* Don’t Believe It
Liars don’t smile more than truth tellers, a recent study confirmed. ___47____, they do display more manufactured smiles. They use these ___48____ to divert others from the fact that they’re lying. One ___49____: liars have to make up a lie on the spot when they have no time to prepare their story. They tended to display spontaneous (不由自主的) embarrassed smiles, which suggests discomfort with their attempt to fake someone out.
* The ____50___ Divide
Studies reveal that women smile significantly more than men do, especially in their late teens and as young adults. Also, men are less likely to ___51____ a smile, especially when another guy smiles to him. But there are times when smiling is the best way to convey masculinity (男子气概). When men smile under threat or laugh at fear, they are showing that everything is __52____.
* The Most Powerful Expression
Even a fleeting (一闪即逝的) smile has the capacity to make people see things around them in a more ___53____ light. Boring material becomes more interesting, some foods even taste better. ___54____, these expressions are contagious (传染的): in one study, when participants were exposed to these smiles, even though they couldn’t remember seeing them, their own faces ___555____ what they “saw.”
41. A. follow B. arise C. shift D. remain
42. A. report B. notice C. reply D. message
43. A. Ironically B. Negatively C. Frankly D. Similarly
44. A. restore B. realize C. overlook D. make
45. A. coming across B. taking away C. putting aside D. giving away
46. A. quarrels B. shouts C. cries D. smiles
47. A. Otherwise B. However C. Thus D. Moreover
48. A. expressions B. lies C. facts D. suggestions
49. A. example B. exception C. illustration D. signal
50. A. Age B. Sex C. Height D. Weight
51. A. force B. return C. maintain D. face
52. A. out of fashion B. to the point C. under control D. at hand
53. A. positive B. difficult C. curious D. general
54. A. On the whole B. For example C. In conclusion D. What’s more
55. A. changed B. examined C. hid D. mirrored

Section B
Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.

63. We may infer from paragraph 2 that __________________.
A. DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
B. in its early days the U.S. was faced with delicate situations.
C. historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.
D. political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.
64. The underlined word “hampered” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. betrayed B. restricted C. protected D. misunderstood
65. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?
A. His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B. His status as a father made him free all slaves.
C. His attitude towards slavery was complex.
D. His affair with a slave ruined his reputation.
66. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.
B. Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
C. Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
D. Slavery was abolished because it was a peculiar custom.

41—55 CDABC DBABB BCADD 63-66 BBCA