第9讲 高频词3+概要写作1+重点词组+对比类作文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

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第9讲 高频词3+概要写作1+重点词组+对比类作文 原卷版
一、高频词
H-I
1.艰难困苦（n.）hardship
17.通知，告知（v.）inform
转变，转换（v.）transform
改革（v.）reform
2.朝……行进，率领（v.）head
18.继承（v.）inherit
3.突出，强调（v.）highlight
同义词=emphasize
19.开始的，最初的（adj.）initial
掌握主动权take the initiative
4.暗示（v.）hint
暗示（n.）hinter
20.询问（v.）inquire
要求（v.）require
得到（v.）acquire
5.具有历史意义的（adj.）historical
历史的（adj.）historic
21.本能（n.）instinct
灭绝（adj.）extinct
6.阻止，抑制 hold back
别挂断，坚持hold on
22.有教育意义的（adj.）instructive
有建设意义的（adj.）constructive
7.拓宽视野 broaden one’s horizon
23.侮辱（vt./n.）insult
8.人类，人性，人道（n.）humanity
24.使卷入，涉及（vt.）involve
进化（vi.）evolve
9.低下的，卑贱的（adj.）humble
依某人的拙见 in one’s humble opinion
25.项目，条款（n.）item
10.确认，鉴定（v.）identify
完全相同的（adj.）identical
确认，鉴定（n.）identification
26.没有人料到这件事和那个沉默寡言的人有关。（have）It never occurs to anybody that this matter has something to do with that person of few words.
11.忽视（v.）ignore
无知的（adj.）ignorant
无知（n.）ignorance
27.他刚到家，他的太太开始发牢骚。（Hardly）
Hardly had he gone back home when his wife started to complain.
12.举例证明，插图（v.）illustrate
插图（n.）illustration
28.只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。（heart）
Only by not losing our heart will we go through the temporary hardship.
13.模仿（v.）imitate
模仿（n.）imitation
29.我们去电话时，碰巧他们出去了。（happen）
They happened to go out when we called them.
14.移民（v.）immigrate
移民（n.）immigrant
30.他不顾个人安危，执意留守在岗位上。（insist）He insisted on keeping to his post regardless of his own safety.
15.不可避免的（adj.）inevitable
31.他们失败后没有怨天尤人，而是更加刻苦训练，力求在下次比赛中获胜。（instead）
Instead pf complaining about the failure, they trained even harder to win the next match.
16.影响（vt./n.）influence = impact
32.到目前为止，科学家对电脑病毒只有粗略的了解。（idea）
So far, scientists only have a rough idea of computer virus.

J-N
1. 较年幼的（adj.）junior
反义词:senior
搭配介词：be junior /senior to
12.以……名义in the name of
被以……名字命名name after
那，也就是（adv.）namely=that is
2. 陪审团（n.） jury 法庭（n.）court
公平，公正（n.）justice
证明……正常（v.）justify
13.疏忽，忽视（vt.）ignore
同义词=neglect
3. 拓展知识面 enlarge one’s knowledge
精通have a good master of
14.令家长大为高兴的是，她被一所重点高中录取了。（admit）
To his family’s great joy, she was admitted to a key high school.
4. 泄露（v.）leak
倾斜（v.）lean
跳跃（v./n.）leap
15.从你的成绩单来看，所有老师都对你相当满意。（satisfied）
Judging from your school report, all your teachers are quite satisfied with you.
5. 解放，使……获得自由（vt.）liberate
解放（n.）liberty
16.无论风多大，雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（matter）
No matter how hard it blows and rains, the police still keep to their posts.
6.不负盛名live up to one’s reputation
17.由于缺乏资金和人力，地铁修建不得不推迟。（lack）
The construction of the subway has to be put off for lack of funds and labour.
7.壮丽的，宏伟的（adj.）magnificent
重要的（adj.）significant
18.这个体育场位于市中心，这是大家很容易到达那里。（locate）
The stadium is located in the downtown, which makes it easy for all to get there.
8.令人惊叹的（adj.）marvelous
19.对于我们来说，重要的是参与而不是输赢。（matter）
What matters more to us is not to win, but to take part in.
9.任由……摆布at the mercy of
20.那本杂志是编给喜欢时尚的女孩子看的。（mean）
That magazine is meant for those girls who love fashion.
10.道德上的（adj.）moral
道德，伦理（n.）morality
21.那个考试不及格的男孩与其说他笨不如说他马虎。（more）
That boy failing in the exam is more careless than stupid.
11.如雨后春笋涌现spring up like mushrooms
22.犯了这么严重的错误，你再狡辩也无济于事。（it）Having made such serious mistakes,it is no use for you finding excuses.

二、summary
正确认识概要写作
1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）
By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.
2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）
Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.
Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.
Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.
Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.
Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.
Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.
3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）
1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.
2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)
3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.
4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.
5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.

具体写作注意点
1）概要应包括原文中的主要内容，略去细节；字数控制在60字以内。
2）可以用原文的重要词语，但不能照抄。
3）应按原文的逻辑顺序和结构进行概括。
4）概要必须全面、客观、准确地表达原文的信息，不可随意添加、掺杂个人的观点。
评分标准:
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点, 信息呈现的准确性和连贯性。
4. 词数超过60, 酌情扣分。

内容部分
不同文体的概括：
“任务型写作”的第一个要求就是对短文进行概括，它是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此，“概括短文的内容”，实际上就是客观简要地转述作者的论点、论据和结论。根据不同文体，我们把它归纳为“主题句+支撑句”的概括模式。不同文体，它的概括模式略有区别：

议论文概要写作要点点拨
议论文体的阅读材料，在写概要前，应该紧抓住议论文的文体特点、文章结构和三要素，准确捕捉材料的内容要点。议论文的结构形式有“总分”、“总分总”、“分总”或“并列”等。文章的三要素是：论点、论证、论据。而三要素中最重要的应是论点，因此，准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段，偶尔也在文章的中间。在段落中往往又在首句或尾句，但考生还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词，因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。如下文所示：There is no doubt that words are a good way to express our gratitude. However, there is something else that we can do to thank those who have given us a hand. As the saying goes, action speaks louder than words. We may thank others in actions, such as helping them in return, rather than only in words.
本段中的连词“However”非常关键，它起到转换话题引出另外一个话题的作用，论点往往就跟在它的后面。因此，“action speaks louder than words”便是文章的论点了。

例题精讲：
e-learning: Hazy past—better future?
How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organization does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used.
However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centered learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programs are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.




课堂练习：
At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.
Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money --- the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.
Unruly（不守规矩的） students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession. As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.
Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled.
Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People's attitudes have formed over many years and sometimes change takes many years.




记叙文概要写作要点点拨
记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：
Who did what by…because…
当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。

例题精讲：
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.
The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动) to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn’t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn’t find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn’t say a word but cried in my father’s arms.








课堂练习：
Super Size Me
Fast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.
The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing” refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.
Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal--much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.
Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, “Next time I’m not going to “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we are eating and have a relationship with each other.” Food for thought indeed.






说明文概要写作要点点拨
说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：
现象揭示类：
The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类：
The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact of sth.
On the positive side,…, but it may also…
研究显示类：
The study reveals that…
The purpose of the report is to show that…

例题精讲：
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
Trees should be pruned( 修 剪 )only when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and fortunately , the number of such reason is small.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.


课堂练习：
Sociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.
     One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.
     The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.
     It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turned out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.






三、四字格翻译汇编
视频通话 make video calls
广泛接受 be widely accepted
高效灵活 efficiently and flexibly
对人苛刻 be too hard on others
随随便便成功 succeed without a reason
倍受欢迎 be popular/well received
突出成就 outstanding achievements
博览群书 read widely
持之以恒 persevere in …
不甘落后 be unwilling to lag behind
注定失败 It’s certain that one will fail…
竭力庇护 try to shelter/protect…from
贫富差距 the gap between rich and poor
充分利用 make full use of
毫无疑问 Without doubt
批量生产 the mass production
售后服务 after-sale service
全民健身 national fitness program
于事无补 It’s no use doing
网络世界 online world
忧心忡忡 make sb concerned (worried)
外出度假 go on a holiday
体育设施 sports facilities
不容小觑 sth can’t be ignored
安居乐业 people will live and work happily
一知半解 have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation
发表见解 express your opinions casually/randomly
竞选失败 failure in the election
所见所闻 What we saw and what we heard/ What we experienced
千千万万普通人 millions of ordinary people
值得三思 be worth considering twice
社会需求 demands of the society
生活方式 lifestyle
传播信息 spread information
一知半解 have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation
发表见解 express your opinions casually/randomly
竞选失败 failure in the election
所见所闻 What we saw and what we heard/ What we experienced
千千万万普通人 millions of ordinary people
值得三思 be worth considering twice
社会需求 demands of the society
生活方式 lifestyle
传播信息 spread information
数以百计 hundreds of
救援行动 the rescue operation
学术成就 academic achievements
著称于世 is known to the world
严重后果 serious consequence
负面影响 negative impact
个人信息 personal information
信息安全 information security
求职面试 the job interview
脱颖而出 stand out
天赋相近 have close talent//are similar in talent
语言学习 language learning.
资源浪费 a waste of resource
乐观态度 am optimistic about
其实不然 in fact it’s not
无人驾驶 driverless technology
成为可能 makes it possible to
一事无成 achieve/accomplish nothing
碌碌无为 do nothing at al
平凡可贵 it is precious to be just ordinary

四、应用文专题
知识点1：词汇激活
1. cultural insights 文化视角
2. learn about the world 了解世界
3. a thrilling experience 一直令人激动的经历
4. move somebody to tears 使...感动落泪
5. get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐
6. drawn their inspiration from 从...中获得灵感
7. broaden one’s scope of knowledge. 拓宽知识面
8. spread knowledge 传播知识
9. lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品
10. be passed down from generation to generation 代代相传
11. satisfy people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求
12. attach more importance to...更重视...
13. spiritual enhancement 精神升华
14. a mirror of ...是...一面镜子
15. nurture imagination 培养想象力
16. an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓
17. instructive, informative and entertaining 有启发性的、知识性和娱乐性
18. arouse one’s curiosity about something 引起某人对某事的好奇心
19. enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识
20. the value of knowledge 知识的价值
21. focus on cultural difference 注重文化差异
22. cultural diversity 文化多元化
23. cultural treasures 文化宝藏
24. cross-culture communication 跨文化交流
25. spiritual civilization 精神文明
26. cultural heritage 文化遗产
27. visual enjoyment 视觉享受
28. driving force 驱动力
29. human civilization 人类文明
30. cradle of culture 文化摇篮
31. mainstream culture 主流文化
32. cultural traditions 文化传统
33. national pride 民族自豪
34. local customs and practices 风土人情
35. attract people’s eye 吸引人民的眼球
36. artistic tastes 艺术品位
37. adhere to the tradition 坚持传统
38. carry forward...弘扬...
39. have/enjoy a reputation for 有。。。的声望
40. national identity and value 民族特性和价值观
41. enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎


知识点2：对比类
Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
以下图片说明了李明和王英同学不同的学习方法和上课的状态，请描述图画内容，并谈谈你对此的看法。字数在120——150左右。


The two sets of pictures respectively depict two different modes of study. The girl on the right goes to bed relatively early and is fully energized and attentive in class, devoting her full concentration to learning. In a sharp contrast to her is the boy on the left, who at a late hour is still stumbling drowsily through his homework , and as a consequence dozes off in class the next morning.
The pictures convey a very clear message: good study habits are fundamental to learning. Though not shown above, we can infer that the reason why the boy has to stay up so late is that he is a slow worker or that he spends a great deal of time on unrelated things. Whatever the causes may be, the direct result of this is that his learning efficiency is sacrificed and he is not able to fully master everything that is taught in class, being so sleepy. This in turn leads to him spending more time on his homework than others, resulting in more late nights burning the midnight oil. The vicious cycle repeats itself, and he will soon find it alomost impossible to extract himself from the cycle. The girl, on the other hand, forms a positive cycle that boosts her academic performance higher by the day.
Hence, we can see that proper methods not only lay a solid foundation for your learning, but also enable you to develop every aspect of your potential. In fact, the same applies to everything we do in life. The pouring stones that guide you to success are not flashes of intuition or good fortune, but the wise habits and methods--- the small things, that you accumulate along the way.

五、课后作业
作业1：
议论文：
Learn from mistakes
The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first. Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb, told his colleagues:” Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work, every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and scientist once said: “ I haven’t failed. I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”
Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success. In fact, a surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding. Post-it-notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions. In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep . And crips were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.
In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead. His colleague, Art Fry , decided to use it six years later, in 1974, to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.
Successful businesspeople have often made big , expensive mistakes in their past. When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000, Thomos Watson, the chairman, was asked if he would fire the man.” “ Of course not,” he replied. “ I have just spent $600,000 training him. I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”
The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes. If you don’t ,then there is no sense in making them.”




记叙文：
I used to joke that I spoke French like a 3-year-old. Until I met a French 3-year-old and couldn’t keep the conversation.This was after a year of intense study, including at least two hours a day with self-instruction software and weekend classes, followed by two weeks of an immersion program at one of the top language schools in France.
My failure was in fact quite unremarkable. Despit advertising claims, learning a foreign language is a challenging task for any adult. In the end, though, it turns out that spending a year “not learning” French may have been the best things I could have done for my 57-year-old brain.
In the last few years. I was unable to hold a list of four grocery items in my mind. So to reassure myself that nothing was wrong, I took a cognitive assessment just before tackling French. The result were anything but reassuring: I scored below average for my age group in nearly all of the categories, especailly on the composite memory test and the visual memory test.
After a year of struggling with the language, I retook cognitive assessment, and the results shocked me. My scores had improved, placing me above average in 7 of 10 categories, and average in the other three. Studying a language had been like drinking from a mental fountain of youth.
What might explain such an improvement? Researchers at the Chinese University of HongKong and Northwestern University noted that the cognitive tasks involved in language study— like working memory, inductive reasoning, sound discrimination and task switching — map closely related to the areas of the brain that are most associated with declines due to aging.
If my experience is any indication, you might be better off by studying a language. Not only is that a far more useful and enjoyable activity than an abstract brain game, but as a reward for your efforts, you can treat yourself to a trip abroad. That’s why I plan to spend the nest year “not learnig” Italian. （延安中学2017学年高三第二学期三模试卷）





说明文：
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation．”I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr.David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. ”The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr.David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. “
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.” We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” （上海中学2018年2月开学第一周周练）





作业2：
翻译：
1. 不要喝太多含糖饮料，否则会发胖。（or）

2. 在法庭上，他们坚称自己没有犯抢劫罪。（guilty）

3. 你是否同意，心情愉悦的时候，经常会有创意出现？（occur）

4. 当处理办公室矛盾的时候，专家建议人们多反思自己，多换位思考，以及和同事及时交流。（when it comes to）

5.她们中谁可能当过排球教练?（may)

6.我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。（make for)

7.妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。（reminder)

8.在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。（until)

















作文：
Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words, according to the topic given in Chinese.
以下四组图片描绘了中美教育之间的差异，请任选两组图片谈谈你的感想。左列是美国，右列是中国。