第3讲 形近词3+完形填空1+状语从句+图表类作文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

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第3讲 形近词3+完型填空1+状语从句+图表类作文 解析版
一、高考形近词
F
1).fable寓言
fatal=deadly致命的

2).fairy仙女，精灵
fairly很；非常（fair adj.公平的/n.集市）

3).fashionable时尚的
fantastic极好的
fascinate使着迷；迷住

4).feasible行得通的
feather羽毛的
feature n./v.特点；以……为特征

5).float漂浮
flow流动
blow爆炸；吹

6).fluent流利的
frequently频繁地

7).formal正式的
former 前者的，前任的

8).frame框架
fame名声

G
1). gain获得
grain谷物
grade等级

2).geography地理学
geology地质学

3).grand宏伟的
grant v.授予，承认，同意

4).guess猜测
guest宾客

5).general一般的，普遍的
generate产生
generous 慷慨的（adj.）

6).graduate毕业
guarantee保证，担保
gratitude感激

7).greet问候
greedy贪婪的
grateful感激的

8).grief悲痛
grave严肃的；坟墓
gravity庄严；重力
brief简要的
relief救济；减轻

9). glide n/v.滑翔
slide n/v.滑动
slip n/v.跌落,摆脱

H
1) . hatch v.图谋,策划;孵出,孵化; n.（飞机等的）小门,舱口
batch n.一批（组,群）
match n.火柴;比赛;对手;相匹配; v.匹配;相称
watch v.当心;观看; n.看管;表
snatch n./v.攫取,抢夺
scratch n./v.抓,搔

2) habit习惯
habitat栖息地
habitant居住者

3) historic具有历史意义的
historical历史上的


I
1). immoral adj.不道德的,邪恶的
immortal adj.不朽的,神仙的

2).imitate模仿
intimate亲密的

3). implicit adj.含蓄的,暗示的
explicit adj.明确的,清楚的
4). incident n.事件
accident n.意外,偶然

5). include v.包含,包括
exclude v.把……排除在外
conclude 总结（vt.）

6). inquire 问询（vt.）
acquire 获得，语言习得（vt.）
require 要求（vt.）

7). inspire v.激发,鼓舞
aspire v.渴望,追求
spirit n.精神,心灵

8). instance 事例（n.）
instinct 天性,本能（n.）
extinct 灭绝的（adj.）
distinct 区分的,明显的（adj.）

9).insure 给……上保险（vt.）
assure 使……相信（vt.）
reassure使放心（vt.）
ensure 确保（vt.）

10).intense adj.紧张的,强烈的,激烈的
tense n.时态; adj.紧张的; v.拉紧
dense adj.稠密的
sense n.感觉;道理; v.感觉到

11).intend v.企图,打算
intent n.计划,目的; adj.专注的

12). interpret 解释，口译（vt.）
interrupt 打断（vt.）

二、语法填空
1. But this phrase shouldn’t apply ________the letter-writer.
答案：to
解析：apply to固定用法

2. According to experts from Whole Foods, a food company in the United States, who examined consumer behaviour globally across 465 stores, our plates look very colourful this year, ______ purple foods particularly popular.
答案：with
解析：2. 此空考查with的复合结构，在这里作伴随状语。“今年我们的盘子颜色特别鲜艳，尤以紫色的食物更为受欢迎。”
3. __________ the emergence of many problems, bike sharing companies offer transport flexibility and health benefits to anyone who uses shared bikes.
答案：Despite
解析：考察介词。从problem和后面的offer transport flexibility and health benefits可知，应是让步关系，可知答案为despite。
4. He says that having English as a compulsory course in university “has distracted much of students’ attention ________ specialized subjects,” and that some students have been denied access to postgraduate education because they failed English.
答案：from
解析：考察介词，distract....from..... 分散....的注意力
5. Show producer Simon Cowell made a prediction, "Not only you win this show, you will sell more records than any other previous Idol winner. "Indeed, Underwood did win that year's competition and has managed to outsell even Idol winner Kelly Clarkson.
答案：will
解析：Not only倒装，后半句有will
6. As she said in front of No 10 Downing Street on June 9, “I will now form a government, a government that can provide certainty and lead Britain forward ______ this critical time for our country.”
答案：at
解析：考察介词，固定搭配，“在这个关键的时刻”
7. It also plans to share transaction data with its users so they can cash it on buying trends. This allows anyone with an idea and a computer to start a viable business, doing away ______ the need for significant start-up capital.
答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配。 do away with “解决”.
8. _________ _________ opening up a store on the high street selling to passersby, the world is every Taobao user’s oyster.
答案：Instead of
解析：考查介词短语。转折里的“instead of”
9. Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities that killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests _______ his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.
答案：against
解析：考查介词。空后面跟的是短语而不是句子，因此这里排除连词，再者冠词，情态动词都不符合要求。因此只能填介词“protest against”表示反抗，反对。
10. Hip-hop was originally black music, sung by young African Americans from the poor, run-down districts of American cities. When it suddenly got to the top of American and then international music charts, hip-hop culture spread, bringing graffiti ________ it.
答案：with
解析：考查的是介词，根据固定搭配，bring with故填with




三、完形填空
例题精讲：
In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But (41) a skill, even one that you deeply love, requires a huge amount of drudgery. Any challenging activity—from computer programming to playing a musical instrument to athletics—requires focused and(42) practice. A perfect golf swing or flawless butterfly stroke takes untold hours of practice (actually around 10,000 hours, according to Malcolm Gladwell) and countless repetitions to perfect.
Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the (43) of practice, critical feedback, modification, and incremental improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take (44) in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be (45) or boring. Why?
The (46) may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Whether you call it being “in the zone,” “in a groove,” or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the concept of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at an appropriate skill level, and where the individual is able to (47) their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most (48) entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges. They are also persistent and have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacity for “disinterested interest” (an ability to focus on tasks rather than rewards) have a great (49) over others in developing their innate abilities. But how can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master, so that we enjoy both the process of improving skills and the (50) of being a master?
(51) for those of us who aren’t necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be (52) by environmental factors. For instance, in Montessori schools, students do not study by following direct instruction. (53) , they are encouraged to develop individual interests, and a great deal of unstructured time is built into the day so that they can pursue these interests. Competition is (54) and grading is not emphasized, taking the focus off of external rewards. Students are grouped together according to shared interests, rather than segregated by ability.
While there isn’t (yet) a pill that can turn mundane practice into a thrilling activity for anyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some degree, to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal distractions, and a task set at a moderate level of (55) , we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing. （七校联考）
41.A. Functioning B. stimulating C. enriching D.mastering
42.A. Fixed B. concentrated C. paralleled D.instructed
43.A.transformation B. substitute C. cycle D.condition
44.A.pleasure B. pride C. an interest D.part
45.A. Frustrating B. rewarding C. ignorant D.poisonous
46.A. Objection B. standard C.principle D.distinction
47.A.adjust B. devote C. apply D.expose
48.A. Deliberately B. readily C. hesitantly D.flexibly
49.A. Feature B. control C. advantage D.sympathy
50.A.reward B. jealously C. security D.contribution
51.A. Unexpectedly B. Fortunately C. Typically D.Obviously
52.A.influenced B. extended C.cultivated D.bridged
53.A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead
54.A. Advocated B. suspended C.discouraged D.observed
55.A. Priority B.difficulty C. curiosity D.identity
答案：41-45 DBCAA 46-50DABCA 51-55ACDCB
解析：41.根据句意可知是掌握一门技术，需要大量的练习，所以选D。
42.根据句意和第二段concerned可知，本题选B。
43.结合句意可知是一种循环，所以选C。
44.结合句意，同时联系下文的boring，可知这里是其反义词，所以选A。
45.根据or前后一致可知选A。
46.上文提到的是两种行为的区别，所以选D。
47.根据句意可知是调节，所以选A。
48.根据句意可知很容易进入状态，所以选B。
49.根据句意可知是优于别人的优势，所以选C。
50.根据句意可知是A.reward
51.根据后文可知是A.幸运地
52.结合句意，这种flow states可以被培养，所以选C。
53.结合句意可知是对比，所以选D。
54.根据not emphasized可知这里选C，不鼓励
55.结合句意可知是B。

四、上海高考完形填空的特点
1. 不考查语法
2. 不考查固定搭配
3. 考查实词为主，表示逻辑关系的介词短语和副词词组会考查。
4. 干扰选项都可放在缺空处，但只有正确选项符合逻辑和含义。
解题步骤:
一、通读全文，了解大意。
二、依据中心句线索，紧扣主题选择。
三、利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
四、利用逻辑关系。

常用解题技巧：
一、 同义复现
二、 逻辑关系/语境
三、 习惯搭配/常识背景
四、 词义辨析

一、 利用词汇同现（复现）解题 (难点)
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：
school---primary school—middle school—college—university
students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed
3)形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：
在学校这个语境中：（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course
4) 结构同现: 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：
some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;
例1：So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not (49) by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics. (黄浦区2017年二模)
49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down
答案解析：空格前文是your ability to drive your own program ，后文同义复现，即不是被other businesses hold back,选A。
例2：The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more simple. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more (46)  than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of(47) apologies. (闵行区2017年二模)
46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully
47. A. faithful B. reliable C. confusing D. public
答案解析：
46空格后文是growing importance ，所以前文也是比之前更多，即more frequently，选C。
47空格前文说leaders应该apologize publicly，所以应该是growing importance of public apologies，选D。
例3：If we prize gender diversity（多样性）in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so (43) ? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science.
......
MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they (45) . The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. In practice, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral. (金山区2017年二模)
43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D.reasonable
45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred
答案解析：
43空格后文是The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. ，前文同义复现，选A。
45根据最后omen even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females，可知是同义复现，即preferred,选D。
例4：Business has traditionally been and to a certain extent still is “ a boy ‘s game”. Less than 6 per cent of executive management positions in America and European companies are held by women, and of the Fortune 500 only four have a female CEO. However, in Britain one women has increased twice as fast as the number of self-employed men.
Is it just a case of women whose career progress has been(42) by their male colleagues?
42. A. increased B. stimulated C. blocked D.influenced
答案解析：根据前文男性女性领导岗位数量比列可知，可知是同义复现，即blocked,女性受制于男性同事，选D。
二、 利用逻辑关系解题
选项选定后，要根据所选答案迅速地把段落或文章通读一遍, 看大意、惯用搭配对不对;看上下文是否逻辑合理; 看是否符合文章走向,以便排除掉简单的错误。
所以学生必须掌握常见的过渡词：
1. 递进
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still
2.比较
in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.对照
in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while
4.因果
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus
5.强调
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely,
6.让步
although, though, after all, in spite of
7.举例
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8. 时间和空间
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last
outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
9. 总结
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary

常见逻辑关系
转折关系：
例1： “(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is by all means positive,”………
52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While
答案解析：52题后边两个句子，前一句和后一句的句意明显不是个基调，前一句偏负面，后一句偏正面，所以是转折关系，选D，译为“尽管”。
例2： Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a (47) brought-up person would do.
47. A. literally
B. independently
C. properly
D. naturally
答案解析：根据but可知后句为前句的转折句，传达的内容与前句相反，所以表达的是让人不舒服的行为很难让人相信是正常的人能做的，选C。
例 3：There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the (45) gap within countries, in part by created concentrated groups of economic losers.
45. A. prince B. welfare C. pension D. wealth
答案解析：前面一句说经济全球化增加财富，连词but后肯定是转折关系了，推断出自由贸易也扩大贫富差距，故选D。
例 4：It was predominantly men who led the hierarchical(权力阶层的) corporations of the nineties. But it may be women who will (55) the most in the more democratic, people-centered years to come.（东昌中学高三上学期期中考）
55 .A. shoot B. command C. achieve D. sacrifice
答案解析：前面一句说男性在权力阶层占据主导地位，后面一句转折应该是女性获得的最多，故选C。

因果关系：
例1：However, there is a (47) side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport.
47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative
答案解析：however 是一个转折词。同时通过后面句子的解释：它也会视一项危险的运动。可知要说的是拳击的不好的方面。因此选D。
例2：During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all 
kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more (46)  than before. 
46.A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully
答案解析：前半句说美国形成了一种道歉文化，因此各种各种形式的道歉应是比之前更频繁了，选C.frequently
例3：From 1990 to 2008, the areas most exposed to foreign competitions saw almost no net jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be (48) than their parents.
48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer
答案解析：前文说面对外国的竞争看不到工作的增加，后面那就是什么什么的原因可以推断是因果关系，所以新一代比父辈更穷。选D
例4：It is because hand writing is slow and (55) so that people have to think more clearly about what they want to write down rather than copying down what is being said.（南洋中学高三期中考试）
55. A. effortful B. quiet C. steady D. casual
答案解析：后文说以便人们去在写的时候多思考所以前面选项是因为手写是缓慢而费功夫的。选A

并列关系：

例1： If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for (53) from a human.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in (54) , and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules.
53. A. permission
B. guidance
C. feedback
D. comment
54. A. principle
B. moral
C. standard
D. technology
答案解析：
53此句为并列，前句中的机器人不确定是否适合微波炉，它可以停下，发射信号，显然所填空要表达寻求帮助的意思，故选择B。
54 此句为并列关系，根据后句的如何创造伦理的规范可知，前句想表达的是决定我们所相信的道德观，故选择B。
例2： More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of
(48) apologies.
48.A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive
答案解析：此句是并列的搭配，所选private与前面的public对应 。
例3：Not only did the (44) of Indian local government posts held by women rise from 5 per cent in 1993 to 40 per cent by 2005, but the new role models the law created had a(n) (45) impact on families and younger women. （进才中学高三第一学期月考）
44. A. choice B. share C. welfare D. impact
45.A. slight B. invisible C. idealist D. dramatic
答案解析：
53此句为并列，句子后半部分涉及比例，根据词义，故选择B。
54 此句为并列关系，根据前句从5%上升到40%，可知变化是巨大的，故选择D。

条件关系：
例 1：This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human (42) into a programmable code.
42. A. personalities
B. behaviors
C. intentions
D. values
答案解析：注意到此空所在句子是由if引导的条件句，看到主句的意思为危险可以避免，可以想到条件中想表达的意思为：如果能搞明白怎样将人类的——变成程序化的密码。联系上下文可知是人类的价值观，选D
例 2：If students rely on administrators to (50) their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community
.......
If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定）, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be (53) .
50 A.understand B.train C.protect D.regulate
53. A.encouraged B.challenged C. agreed D.realize
答案解析：
50注意到此空所在句子是由if引导的条件句，看到主句的意思他们没有面对身份定位的挑战，可以想到条件中想表达的意思为：如果如果学生指望管理人员去管理社会行为。故选D
53注意到此空所在句子是由if引导的条件句说如果可接受的社会行为规定太严格，那么麻木的行为或者攻击性的行为就可能受到鼓励。所以填入A。
例 3：The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American Law, if someone (41) a crime, he or she is considered (42) until the court proves that the person is guilty.
41. A. is guilty of B. is responsible for C. is accused of D. is ashamed of
42. A. unpleasant B. inexperienced C. paralleled D. innocent
答案解析：
41注意到此空所在句子是由if引导的条件句，看到主句的意思直到某人被证明是有罪的，条件句中应该说的是如果某个人被指控有罪。故选C
42注意到此空所在句子是主句，所以是如果有人被指控为有罪，他是直到被证明是有罪之前他都是无辜的。故选D。
解说关系：
例1：The biggest (50) with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).
50. A. doubt
B. threat
C. concern
D. prospect
答案解析：后边的句子主要是在一些人类的疏忽和机器人的不完善的地方，总结出来50空所填入应该是最大的担忧，选C。
例2： Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s (41) . “Like cacti， a certain species of fish,” she might say.
......
This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a (49) group of customers with a woman’s voice.
41. A. robotic B.high-tech C. genderless D. creative
49. A.more sociable B.more talented C.broader D. wealthier
答案解析：
41通过后句作者以某种鱼为例，来比喻siri说明siri是不分性别的，故选C。
49这种趋势给出的建议是，公司使用女性的声音会对...的顾客群留下更深刻的印象，从句意来看故选择C，更广泛的顾客群。
例3：I have just finished by 23rd year of teaching at universities. And there have been several (41)_____ in the way students approach their classes. The most noticeable is that when I started teaching, students took notes in notebooks, but now almost every desk has a laptop on it when I give a lecture.
41. A. challenges B. changes C. problems D. projects
答案解析：通过后句其中最显著的是由纸质笔记变成电脑记笔记表示前面是changes，故选B。


五、状语从句重要考点汇编
1.现在很多学生沉迷于网络世界，网上聊天代替了面对面交流，这让家长和老师们忧心忡忡。(substitute)
Now many students are addictive to (obsessed with) online chat, substituting face-to-face communication with online chatting, which makes parents and teachers concerned (worried).
2.当你对情况一知半解时，不要随意发表见解。(knowledge)
When you have a limited/foggy knowledge of the situation, don’t express your opinions casually/randomly.
3.如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通。（arise）
If problems arise during the experiment, communicate with the laboratory assistants in time, please.
4.当脸书首席执行官(CEO)为泄露其用户个人信息而道歉的时候，信息安全再一次成为公众热议的话题。(apologize)
When the Facebook CEO apologized for revealing the personal information of its users, information security again became a hot topic of public debate/a hot issue among the public.
5.智能手机给人们生活带来了许多便捷，但其负面影响不容小觑。（despite）
Despite the great convenience smart phones have brought about to people’s life, its side effects can’t be ignored
6.绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多么近。（account）
On no account can you let any difficulties discourage/ beat you, for you can never tell how close you may be to success.
六、作文提高训练
知识点1：高考加分背诵篇
1. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。
(1)直接使用：so… that…
The job was hard, boring and seemed endless, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦、太无聊，而且没完没了，这使我非常累，差点半途而废。
(2)能够增加句子层次的高级连词还有：
(Not only …but also…)、(Because…)、(because of…)、(As long as…)、(so long as…)

2. The Red Star Television Factory, which produces TV sets of quality, was set up in the 1980’s.
生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂，始建于1980年。

3. The E-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.
我们可以向世界每个地方发电子邮件的电子阅览室，对老师和同学都同样开放。

4. I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.
我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。

5. The number of workers and engineers has risen(更高级词汇：increased) to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graduates.
工人和工程师的数量已超过了2000人，而且他们有80%都是大学学历。

6. There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.
在校园内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。

7. Now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school. I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.
现今，在农村地区还有很多孩子失学。我认为原因之一就是他们的家庭太贫困，而无法供应他们上学。

8. People should pay more attention to the education of children because they will play a very significant /(important) part/(role) in the future of our country.
人们应该增加对儿童教育的重视，因为他们会在祖国的未来扮演重要的角色。

9. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.
到2008年，我们会看到北京像花园一样，有着更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。

10. How nice to hear from you again.
能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。

11. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
敬盼早日回复。
I’m looking forward to meeting you in no time.
我期待与你早日相见。

12. If you have any questions or requests, please let me know.
如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。

13. No matter what you do in the future, English will always be important.
不管你将来做什么，英语都是最重要的。

14. Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有什么比接受教育更重要的事了。

15. There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study.
毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。

16. Obviously, it is high/(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.
显然，早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。
写作高手使用的高难度表达：
I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation.
我建议有关部门采取一些有效措施改善现状。

17. Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

18. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

19. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
吸烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

20. As a proverb says, /( As is well known to us,) storms make trees take deeper roots.
有句名言说道：风暴使树木深深扎根。

知识点2：Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
最近学校在高中学生中做了一次”有烦恼向谁说” (To whom do you go when in trouble) 的调查活动，调查结果如图所示。请你简要描述调查结果，并结合自己的选择，谈谈想法和理由。

参考范文
A survey has been conducted among senior high students on the topic “To whom do you go when in trouble.” The data from the pie chart shows that “classmates and friends” ranks first at 58%, which is followed by “their own” at 33%. However, the least proportion goes to “parents and teachers” at only 9%.
As far as I am concerned, I’m not among the majority that tends to ask friends for help. I am more willing to go to parents and teachers and I think my peers should also consider going to them when in trouble.
Firstly, parents and teachers may know more about you than yourselves. Since they have a more objective and all-around perspective on you, they are bound to give you useful advice. What’s more, parents and teachers are experienced adults who must have suffered many worries and hardships. They must have accumulated much experience which can broaden your horizons when you deal with matters. Last but not least, by having constant communications with your parents and teachers, you are sure to strengthen the relationship with them despite the generation gap. In a word, to go to adults when in trouble may help you more when you are in difficulty.
For the reasons above, I want to call on my peers to communicate more often with their parents and teachers.

七、课后作业
1. And have you ever checked the freshness of milk by smelling it? “I’ve been off work sick countless times _____ ______food poisoning," says another sufferer.
答案：because of
解析：前后为因果关系，故用because of
2. And small as their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken _______ the conversations,” Gabrieli says.
答案：but
解析：考察介词：“但是他们发现，到目前为止，大脑发育的最大驱动力并不是说的话的数量而是对话的数量”，不是…而是…not…but…
3. The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased _______ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.
答案：by
解析：考察介词：“…孩子的语言能力得分就会增加1分”。表程度用by。
4. The study is a “very, very important” addition _______ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University.
答案：to
解析：考察介词：a “very, very important” addition to sth. 对…的非常重要的补充…。根据add…to...得出。
5. Increasing urine production is one way the body has ________ getting extra sodium out of the body.
答案：of
解析：考查介词．注意the body has是定语从句，可以括起来，然后就可以看出答案。
6. The government will focus on boosting employment and assisting business start-ups. China will strengthen employment services, launch a large-scale vocational-skills training initiative and use the Internet Plus model to create new kinds of jobs. _______more than 8.2 million college students graduating this year, reaching an all-time high, the country needs to expand the channels for employment and support job creation through business start-ups, Li said.
答案：With
解析：本题考查with的独立主格结构；根据语境，“今年将有82万大学生毕业”，后面的 graduating是非谓语形式，所以填with，此处构成with + 宾语+ 现在分词（表主动，做宾补）的结构。
7. Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to satisfy the less extravagant or less adventurous ______ us.
答案：among
解析：满足我们当中这一类不太夸张冒险的人
8. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word _______a time, often regressing to 8 words or passages.
答案：at
解析：考察介词，固定搭配，at a time“一次；每次”。
9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction______ which she had come.
答案：from
解析：本题是考察介词+关系代词的结构，从文意分析不难发现这个女子从跑向我→没被我认出→她跑回去，因此不因因为direction或come就擅自选介词，而是通过文意来选.本题的正确答案为from.
10. This is not unusual, but landing in the correct area mattered more than ever——Aikins was attempting the first jump such a height ______ a parachute(降落伞).
答案：without
解析：考察介词，根据句意可得“在没有降落伞的情况下”


完形填空
敬业中学高三英语上学期期中考试卷
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively (51) work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the (52) , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, (53) , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from (54) without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of (55) people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to (56) to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general (57) . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional (58) managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without (59) managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: (60) the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be
(61) with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has (62) been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to (63) that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or (64) management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the (65) of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
答案：51-55 DABDC 56-60BADAC 61-65BBDAC


翻译：
1.一考定终身的日子已经一去不复返了，但不可否认的是考试越多，学生压力越大。（denying）
Gone are the days when one examination could determine students’ fate, but there is no denying that the more examinations they have, the more stressful they will feel/ the greater pressure they will have.
2.想和我一起看电影的人请举手。（those）
Those who want to see the movie with me, please raise your hand.
3.不管那个推销员如何极力鼓动，我还是能保持冷静没有买那套位于城东的房子。(No matter)
No matter how hard the salesman urged me, I still kept cool and didn’t buy the flat located east of the city.
4.无论白天在学校发生了什么事情，晚上你要尽早把负担卸下。(No matter)
No matter what happens at school during the day,as early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down.
5.虽然他之前的表现出挑， 但由于对公司文化一无所知，他还是没通过面试。（ignorance）
Although / Though his previous performance was remarkable / outstanding / extraordinary / amazing , he failed/ didn’t pass the interview due to/owing to/because of his ignorance of the company culture.
6.随着互联网的发展，海量信息唾手可得，或许你觉得再也没有必要去图书馆了。(need n.)
With the development/growth of the Internet, an enormous amount of information is at hand/at our fingertips/available so that you may think there is no need to go to the library.

作文：
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the chart and instructions given below in Chinese.以下图表是某学校对1200名高中生调查英语学习动机的情况，请就此图表写一篇作文。
通过考试
父母和社会要求
个人兴趣
其他
65%
25%
8%
2%




1.描述图表
2.试分析一下产生这种变化的原因
3.简要谈谈你的看法
According to the above chart, there is a high proportion of students who study English just for passing the exam, accounting for 65%, which beyond the total of the rest three reasons, most of which is that for parents and the need of society, occupying 25%; even worse, only 8% students are indeed interested in study while 2% is other reasons. Why are the motives of study English not so pure ?
It tends to be a more competitive society which require students to study English for their future. Without English, they would not get high-paid jobs in the international or joint ventures, or even not seek respect from peers, being laughed at. More unfortunately, parents are always expecting too much of them to have high scores in English so that they can proudly show off in the front of others and satisfy their vanity. It is also the society which pushes them to face this big challenge to learn the second language whether it is of use or not in the future. Even worse, education system seems to be an exam-oriented in order to rank them in different levels from scores, which has caused the whole society and parents to become more utilitarian towards scores and for which students only desire to pass the exam so that they won’t be put much pressure from teachers, parents and the all society.
　　As students, they are still buried in a lot of homework and suffer from the burden in all aspects. So, why do they like studying English?