第5讲 形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

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第5讲 形近词5+阅读AB+重点词组+应用文日记 原卷版
一、高考形近词
O
1). observe 观察，遵守（vt.）
deserve 值得（vt.）
2). out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能的

3). object 物体（n.），反对（vt.），object to
objective 目标（n.），客观的（adj.）

P
1). pat n/v.轻拍
tap n.水龙头;v.轻打
slap n/v.掌击
rap n/v.敲,打

2). patent n/v/adj.专利
potent adj.强有力的
potential adj.潜在的

3). peel v.削皮,剥皮; n.果皮
heel n.脚后跟,踵
kneel vi.跪下
reel n.卷筒,线轴;v.卷,绕
4). personal个人的
personnel 人事部门；全体人员
5). poison 毒害（vt.）
prison 监狱 （n.）

6). pray v.祈祷
prey n.猎物; v.捕食

7). precede v.领先
proceed v.进行,继续
previous 先前的（adj.）
precious 珍贵的 （adj.）

8). principal n.校长; adj.主要的
principle n.原则
discipline 纪律（n.）

9). prospect n.前景; v.勘探
perspective n.透视法

10).property财产；性质
poverty贫穷
properly恰当地

11). protest v/n.抗议
protect v.保护

12). process 过程（n.），加工（vt.）
possess 拥有（vt.）

13). prominent 明显的（adj.）
permanent 长久的（adj.）

14). purpose n.目的
suppose v.假设
propose v.建议;打算;求婚

Q
1).quit放弃
quiz小测验

2).quality质量
quantity数量

二、语法填空
1. “In Puerto Rico, it doesn’t look like we’ve learned __________ at all.”
2. Despite the emergence of many problems, bike sharing companies offer transport flexibility and health benefits to __________ who uses shared bikes.
3. But what, you may ask, about who will never speak a word of English once they leave school?
4. If I hadn't made my place in country music via American Idol, I probably could have tried to make ______ for the rest of my life and never made any progress," she says.
5. It charges almost ________ to list items for sale and makes most of its money from advertising.
6. “Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the _______apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.
7. New Yorkers used to see the graffiti on the walls of poor neighborhoods and subway trains as ________ threatening.
8. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting ________activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.
9. Her advice to other student innovators? “Start now. There (28) can/shall/should be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think ‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ __________ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do whatever you want. Just go ahead.”
10. Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , whose attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, _________ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).

高中英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧
一、专题精讲
高考题型和解题技巧
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
（一）主旨大意题（几乎每年高考都有，1~3题）
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
1. 归纳标题题
特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
例题精讲：
例 1：
Rober F, Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life. ” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a faulty concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to transformed growth into well-being throws some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria(标准) from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more comprehensive assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consist themes. Yes, there has been a budding(初见端倪的) economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen hue improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the mere measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes--all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the heralded(预示的) disaster and may even see progress.
63. which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. High GDP But Inadequate well-being, a UK Lesson
B. GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
C. Rebort F.Kennedy, a person puts an end to GDP
D. Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being

例 2：
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely.
One citizen, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube and it’s completely silent and it’s weird,” says Jonathan Dunne, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章) with the words “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging passengers in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says. Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.
Although Dunne says he，s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says.
“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” Dunne says.
So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.

62. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Tube Chat or Not
B. Lonely Travel in the London Tube
C. Silence on the Tube
D. Tube Passengers Wearing Badges

2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有：
　 What is the general/main idea of the passage？
Which of the following expresses the main idea？
What is the subject discussed in the text?
The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.
The passage/ text is mainly about_____.
What’s the article mainly about ？
例 1：
This is a list of the origins of some slang words or phrases that we all use regularly. These words are common in almost all English speaking nations.
.......

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The most commonly used slang words in the world.
B.The origins of some most commonly used slang words or phrases.
C.The origins of English words and phrases.
D.Common words and phrases in English speaking countries.

解题技巧：
　　阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况：
位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。故该题正确答案为C。
例 1：
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal un1ess they have had steak or other red meat．Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant and fresh fruit．0thers could live on what were called fast—foods：a hamburger or hot dog。French fries and a soft drink．

位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。
例 2：
Americans  might  be  embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them．Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually．Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others．It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect．

位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。
例 3：
In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market．Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before．The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their job as some experts expected．Ford operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australia's biggest employer．Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society。
首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。

无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。
例 4：
Bats are the only animals that truly fly．These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their wings and legs, which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the air．Even though bats take much longer，stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second!
此段落的主题词是：bats, birds, different, fly．归纳出段落的中心思想是：Bats are different from birds in flying．
注意: 新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：
（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；
（2）表述过于笼统，超出该段的内容；
（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据．


（二）细节理解题（高考比例较大）
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等；议论文中例证细节；定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1. 事实细节题→寻读法（先读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文）
分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except .
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
例 1：
It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.
From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media.
“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations; observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”
……

63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?
A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.
B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.
C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.
D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.
例 2：
As a teenage rock fan, all Dennis Vorreyer really expected of the Lollapalooza music festival in Chicago two weekends ago was the chance to see his favorite bands perform live.
But he and his father, Jeffrey, who accompanied him to the festival, signed up for Lollapalooza's text­message network, and thus learned about a guitar­playing contest taking place there. Dennis, 14, entered and won a new Gibson guitar. Tad Kubler, the lead guitarist for the Hold Steady, who was involved in the contest, then invited Dennis to perform with the band as it closed its set.
……
（2019静安一轮复习）
2．How did Dennis get the information about the guitar­playing contest?
A．His father Jeffrey told him about it.
B．The lead guitarist, Tad Kubler, told him about it.
C．The Lollapalooza's text­message network told him about it.
D．He got the information from the local TV station.
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）
常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：
Which of the following is the correct order of…?
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。(略)
4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。

（三）推理判断题（失分较多、难度最大的题型）
主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想).
1. 细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
例 1：
......
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes--all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
……
62. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that .
A. the UK is preparing for an economic boom.
B. The high GDP forecasts an economic decline
C. It is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
D. It requires caution to handle economic issues
2. 预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：
What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write .
3. 推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有：
The passage is probably take out of .
The passage would most likely be found in .
Where does this text probably come from?
4. 写作意图、目的、态度推断题
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。常见命题形式有：
The purpose of the text is .
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
By mentioning…, the author aims to show that .
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
例 1：
From the 1960s to the 1990s, we saw that suburbanization also means an economic and social hollowing out for cities. Now that the economic restrictions are coming off today’s young city residents, cities that want to stay vibrant have to figure out how to convince them—and their growing families—to stick around.

66. How does the author feel about the suburbanization?
A. A sign of stable finance. B. A growth of health issues.
C. A conflict of new ideas. D. A loss of modern life.

例2:
Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to persuade people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.

3. Which of the following best shows the author’s attitude towards the future without traffic accident problems?
A.  Doubtful yet still longing for.             
B.  Happy and rather confident.
C. Surprised and very pleased.                  
D. Disappointed and deeply worried.
解答技巧:
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。

例 3：
……
It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.
Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.

64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that ______.
A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.
B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implemented
C. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America
D. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment

66. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader.
B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.
C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.
D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.

（四）词义猜测题
考点：①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义；②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义；③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
例 1：
…….
Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a suite of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).
Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds（细小的卷云）from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow（片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.
……..
64. The underlined word “ validate” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. create B. cancel C. count D. confirm
例 2：
Myers, too, says observers have confused young people’s presence in cities with a preference for cities. Survey data shows that more millennials would like to be living in the suburbs than actually are. But the normal career and family cycles moving young people from cities into suburban houses have become, in Myers’ words, “a plugged up drain.”
But unemployment has finally returned to healthy lows (though participation rates and wages are still largely depressing), which Myers says should finally increase mobility for millennials.
65. What does the author mean quoting Myer’s “a plugged up drain”(para 5)?
A. Millennials are reluctant to leave attractive cities.
B. Millennials are stopped from moving to the suburbs.
C. Millennials are unwilling to be cut off from the suburban.
D. Millennials are afraid of another economic decline.

三、专题过关
例1：
A
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust (反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产）when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of，the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make form it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon.

1. Why is there a call to break up giants?
A. They have controlled the data market
B. They collect enormous private data
C. They no longer provide free services
D. They dismissed some new-born giants
2. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive
B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants, controlling position
D. Data can be turned into new services or products
3. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .
A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap
C. favor bigger firms D. charge higher prices
4. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D. Small companies could get more opportunities.

例2：
A
The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is in arriving at maturity. A man reaches the maturity of his reasoning powers and mental faculties hardly before the age of twenty-eight, a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is only reason of a sort very niggard in its dimensions. That is why women remain children their whole life long, never seeing anything but what is quite close to them, cleaving to the present moment, taking appearance for reality, and preferring trifles to matters of the first importance.
For it is by virtue of his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only, like the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future and this is the origin of prudence, as well as of that care and anxiety which so many people exhibit. Both the advantages and the disadvantages which this involves are shared in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually short-sighted, because, while she has an intuitive understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of vision is narrow and does not reach to what is remote; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are more inclined to be extravagant, and sometimes carry their inclination to a length that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it if possible during their husband’s life, but, at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them over his earnings for purposes of housekeeping, strengthens them in this belief.
However many disadvantages all this may involve, there is at least this to be said in its favor, that the woman lives more in the present than the man, and that, if the present is at all tolerable, she enjoys it more eagerly. This is the source of that cheerfulness which is peculiar to women, fitting her to amuse man in his hours of recreation, and, in case of need, to console him when he is borne down by the weight of his cares. （2018七宝）

1. The major difference between a man’s and woman’s intellect is that
A. men mature much later than women.
B. women are more intuitive than men.
C. women are more cheerful than men.
D. men’s intellect is nobler than that of woman.
2.The word “Niggard” (Line 3,Para 1) probably means
A. stupid. B. limited. C. miserly. D. mean.
3. The cause of women’s enjoyment and cheerfulness is that
A. men do not challenge their intellect.
B. they are irresponsible by their very nature.
C. they live more in the present.
D. they want to console men.
4. The author is probably a
A. philosopher. B. gossip columnist C. happily married man. D. biologist.
5. Which of the following could be the best title of the text?
A. The Intellect of Women and Men
B. Women the Short-sighted
C. Think Less Worry Less
D. Happy Women and Anxious Men

例3：
B
Editor in Chief
IndoTrading .com
Jakarta, Indonesia

Brief
Job Category: Media &Journalism
Job Type: Full-time
Salary Range: IDR 6,000,000-8,000,000
Industries: Classifieds, E-Commerce Platforms
Job Description &Requirements
Responsibilities:
● Responsible for selecting the writers, planning the content and publishing schedule, assign them stories and edit their articles, write larger stories, oversee features and business editors.
● Responsible for creating original that fits our brand, engage customers across all marketing channels, including but not limited to websites and social media.
● Responsible for setting the tone, editorial direction and policies.
●Responsible for the overall and day to day management and supervision of the News Department
● Develop, implement and improve digital content& digital program.
● Ensure the final draft is complete and there are no omissions, cross-checking facts, spelling, grammar, writing style and page design.
● Maintain and build good relationship with internal and external.
● Motivate and develop News Department team.
Requirements:
● Passionate about writing and journalism articles on business aspect& having a good leadership.
● Familiar and able to write the articles in business aspect.
● Candidate must possess at least a Bachelor’s Degree in Advertising/Media/Journalism, Mass ● Communications or equivalent.
● Good in communication, content development and management skill.
● At least 5 years of working experience in the related field.
● Internet ability with a good sense of content that works well online.
● Preferably Manager /Assistant Managers specializing in Journalism / Editor or equivalent.
● A team player who cooperates well with internal teams on original ideas, best practices and optimalization.
● Full-time position(s) available.
● Applicants must be willing to work in JL.Meruya ilir Raya, Business Park Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat
Required skills
● Copywriting &Editing, Creative Writing

1. This job advertisement is most likely to appear ______.
A. in a magazine B. in a newspaper C. on a website D. on a poster
2. An editor in chief is expected to ______.
A. read the first draft carefully and correct errors
B. decide on the tone, style and details of the articles
C. select capable writers and give them special training
D. establish good relationship with colleagues and customers
3. The applicants for the position must ______.
A. have the ability to plan the content
B. possess a bachelor’s degree in business
C. be able to write creative articles in different aspects
D. have the experience of being a manager or equivalent


四、重点单词&词组重要考点汇编
1.影视剧中虚构的情节往往被误认为是真实生活。(mistake)

2.今年年末，上海所有的公共收费停车场都将使车主能使用数字支付，比如交通卡、支付宝、微信和ETC。(enable)

3.据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。

4.这位伟大的科学家以他杰出的学术成就,坚强的意志和乐观的态度著称于世。(known)

5.与成年人相比，年轻人更容易犯错误是因为他们不够成熟，缺少经验。(likely)

6.在澳大利亚期间，他养成了每天和父母视频通话的习惯。(habit)

7.应该采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。(stop)

8.为何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢？(advantage)



五、应用文专题——日记
知识点1：高考加分背诵篇
1. It is a great honor for me to introduce to you one of my very best friend, Liu Xiang.
很荣幸给你介绍我的一位好朋友，刘翔。

2. Coming from a family of English teachers, she always had a particular interest in English.
出于英语教师世家的她，对英语有着特别的兴趣。
描写人物性格的高级得分词汇如下：
diligent 勤奋的 energetic精力充沛的 humorous幽默的 attractive有吸引力的
modest谦虚的 optimistic乐观的 talkative健谈的 enthusiastic热情的

3. I have fully realized that English is essential to my future.
我充分认识到英语对我的未来是多么的重要。

4. I suppose electronic dictionaries are convenient, but Iead to laziness!
我觉得电子字典很方便，但会使人们变懒。

5. In conclusion, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.
总之，出国留学的优点要大于它的缺点。

6. Now, I think it is really successful experience, and I totally understand what labor means.
现在，我想这真是一次成功的经历，并且我完全理解了劳动的意义。

7. From this earthquake, I realized that the power of the mass is endless.
通过这次的地震，我认识到了群众的力量是无穷的。
高级名言谚语活学活用。
解释：“群众的力量是无穷的”这句名言是我们自己造的，极具威力，然后再安在毛主席的头上，更显力量。最后为了增加真实性加上时间和地点，使判卷老师误以为真，根本不敢怀疑。于是，心想：“这个句子太棒了，我都没听说过！”
造句：In 1951 Chairman Mao said in Nan Jing that the power of the mass is endless.

8. If you have spare time to visit my hometown, I’d be more than happy to be your guide.
如果你有空闲时间我的家乡做客，我会非常乐意做你的导游。

9. Nowadays, both teachers and parents worry a great deal about the student’s using the Internet.
如今，老师和家长都对学生上网现象极为担心。

10. Views on the issue in question vary from person to person.
对于该问题的看法因人而异。
11. We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges.
我们被赋予新的机会和面临着新的挑战。

12. Thank you for your consideration.
感谢你的体谅。

13. I really appreciate what you’ve done for my family and me.
我衷心感谢你为我和我家人所做的一切。
We should be very grateful if you help our children with their English study.
如果你帮助我们小孩学英语，我们将感激不尽。

14. We will never forget the happy days we spent together.
我们永远都不会忘记在一起度过的日子。

15. Many people are becoming aware of the importance of exercising.
很多人开始意识到锻炼的重要性了。

16. The talk will be given at the Lecture Hall on Oct.12th, starting at 3:30p.m.
报告将在10月12日3：30在报告厅举行。

17. Students should know how to take advantage of their time.
学生应该知道如何利用他们的时间。

18. I got sick and tired of doing the routine work day after day.
我厌倦了日复一日地做一些例行公事。

19. Conquering English is not different from conquering a great mountain; both of them require determination, courage, and perseverance.
征服英语不亚于征服一座高山，都需要决心，勇气和毅力。

20. I’m disappointed in the performance of our team at the sports meeting.
我对我们队在运动会上的表现感到失望。

知识点2：日记
日记是把自己在当天生活中经历的有意义的事以及见闻感受记录下来的书面形式。写英文日记时应注意以下三点：
1．注意格式。
(1) 日期、星期一般顶格写在正文之前。可以先写星期，后写年月日，也可以先写年月日，后写星期几。
(2) 天气情况应写在日期和星期的同一行稍靠右之处。表示天气情况常用fine, cloudy, rainy, snowy, windy, stormy等形容词来表示。
(3) 正文。正文的内容应该思想健康，积极向上。文章可长可短，开头语应简洁，结尾可适当发表感想。
2．注意人称选择。
由于日记的内容多是记叙自己的亲身经历或抒发自己的感想，所以多用第一人称I或we。
3．确定正确的时态。
日记一般写当天发生的事情，因此通常使用一般过去时。当然，即使发生在过去的事情，为了描写生动，也可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情况。发表感想或议论时则可用现在时或将来时。
[黄金模板]
________(月，日，年，星期)________(天气)
Today/Yesterday, I/we did ________________(事件)．
In the morning, we ... then, ...after that ... By the time ... We had a good time. Finally ______________(具体叙述事情经过). I'll never forget the memorable day!
From this activity, I have learned that/I think ________(事件意义，自己的感想)．

Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
上周一，你在一所小学观摩了小女孩Amy 所在班级的两堂绘画课（如图），回家后你用英语写了一篇日记，内容包括：对两堂绘画课的具体描述；你从中获得的启发。










参考范文
June 2nd, 2012
Today, I witnessed two drawing lessons in the class of Amy, an elementary school student.
In the first lesson, the teacher spread a large piece of drawing cloth on the ground. Amy, as well as other students, was encouraged to step on wet paint. Then, she left her footprints on the cloth by stamping on it hard. At the end of the lesson, the cloth was scattered with colorful footprints.
In the second lesson, the teacher taught traditional drawing skills. Later, Amy was required to draw a picture as instructed with paint and a brush. She had a good comprehension of the teacher’s words. In a short time, she managed to finish a picture with a dazzling sun, flying birds and a mountain with beautiful curves.
My experience in Amy’s school has provided me with food for thought. The two lessons reflect different teaching methods. The former adopted an innovative approach, encouraging students’ enthusiasm and creativity through little restriction. The latter used a more conventional way, involving classroom teaching and assignments. From my perspective, the school’s action of combining these two methods should be advocated. In recent years, there is a heated debate about what kind of teaching method best caters to students’ needs. The school’s practice offers a solution that we can kill two birds with one stone rather than choose one method and abandon another. In this way, students can not only get enough freedom, but also learn necessary basic skills.
Hopefully, more students can be as fortunate as Amy to experience both methods!

六、课后作业
1. Accidents happen almost everywhere every day. Some accidents are not serious and some really are. We read about such accidents nearly every day in the newspapers. And people usually think that accidents take place only on the roads or highways until they _________ come across accidents in their homes or even at work places.
2. Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. “This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure __________ survival for future generations,” said Stuart Nixon, “If all this beauty were lost, it would be a terrible tragedy for all.”
3. Since they had no TV, Hemsworth and his brothers learned to entertain ___________. They played outside, building weapons and forts (堡垒).
4. Years later, I realize that the trip to New York was good as ___________ made me notice I didn't actually love modeling, just the idea of it．
5. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than ___________ did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness.
6. Handsome Paul laughs and says, “Would you like to go get a hamburger with me? ___________ smell delicious.”
7. They were arranged in three positions: one in the classic brace and wearing a seat-belt; one belted but not in the brace position; and one ___________ belted nor in the brace.
8. As I reached the cold air outside, my bundle of clothes gave a thin cry. I nearly dropped ___________ in my surprise. Then I was in a crowd gathered in the street.
9. ___________ may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.
10. While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like ________ and how you can learn from his response to different situations.





A
This book is designed to help you improve your reading comprehension skills by studying 20 minutes a day for 20 days.You'll start with the basics and move on to more complex reading comprehension and critical thinking strategies. Please note that although each chapter can be an effective skill builder on its own, it is important that you proceed through this book in order, from Lesson I through Lesson 20. Each lesson builds on skills and ideas discussed in the previous chapters.As you move through this book and your reading skills develop, the passages you read will increase both in length and in complexity.
The book begins with a pretest, which will allow you to see how well you can answer various kinds of reading comprehension questions now, as you begin. When you finish the book, take the post test to see how much you've improved.
The text is divided into four sections, each focusing on a different group of related eading and thinking strategies. These strategies will be outlined at the beginning of each section and then reviewed in a special"putting it all together" final lesson.
Each lesson provides several exercises that allow you to practice the skills you learn. To ensure you're on the right track, each lesson also provides answers and explanations 'for all of the practice questions. Additionally,you will find practical suggestions in each chapter for how to continue practicing these skills in your daily life.
The most important thing you can do to improve your reading skills is to become an active reader. The following guidelines and suggestions outlined will familiarize you with active reading techniques. Use these techniques as much as possible as you work your way through the lessons in this book.
1. According to the passage, the pretest aims to
A. tell you where your starting level is B. arouse your interest in using the book
C. illustrate the structure of the text D. introduce the test-taking techniques
2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Each chapter has an internal relationship with the previous chapter.
B. The texts are arranged in the order of length and complexity.
C. Different reading strategies are listed at the beginning of each section.
D. The author suggests using the book selectively according to readers' level.
3. What is the author most likely to talk about in the following paragraph?
A. The function of each chapter. B. The outline of each section.
C. The ways to be an active reader. D. The guidelines in using the book.

翻译：
1.在旅游旺季，机票订得越早越便宜。(book)

2.公共场所全面禁烟有助于人们养成健康的生活习惯，并能有效预防某些疾病的发生。(prevent)


3.一些欧洲国家一直不愿接受非洲移民，部分原因是他们担心社会安全问题。(reluctant)

4.出事后不久，朱莉(Julie)就被停职了。(suspend)

5.根据最新颁布的交通法，车内的任何人员都必须系安全带。（fasten）

6.这只训练有素的警犬对任何声响都很警觉。(alert)

7.利用好图书馆无疑会对你的学习有益。(doubt)


作文：
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
老师要求你负责班级墙报(wall newspaper)工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。
June 8th Sunday Sunny