第8讲 高频词2+六选四2+四字短语+记叙文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

这是一份第8讲 高频词2+六选四2+四字短语+记叙文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版），文件包含第8讲高频词2+六选四2+四字短语+记叙文解析版doc、第8讲高频词2+六选四2+四字短语+记叙文原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
第8讲     高频词2+六选四2+四字短语+记叙文 原卷版一、高频词E热切的，渴望的（adj.）eager跃跃欲试  be eager to have a try16.进化（v.）evolve   下决心，决定（v.）resolve   评估（v.）evaluate影响效果（n.）effect立竿见影的效果an immediate effect17.交换，兑换（v.）exchange   与某人交换……exchange  with   用A交换B  exchange A for B 高效的（adj.）efficient足够的（adj.）sufficient18.呼喊，惊呼（v.）exclaim4.与时俱进 keep pace with the times19.排除，不包括（v.）exclude   反义词= include5.不遗余力做某事 make no effort to do sth.20.短途旅行，远足（n.）excursion6.消除（v.）eliminate21.执行的，行政的（adj.）executive出现（v.）emerge层出不穷 keep emerging22.扩大，膨胀（v.）expand   延伸，延长（v.）extend   程度（n.）extent   广泛的（adj.）extensive强调（n.）emphasis强调（v.）emphasize23.出乎意料 beyond one’s expectation忍耐（v.）endure忍耐（n.）endurance24.爆炸，炸裂（v.）explode   开发，剥削（v.）exploit10.参与，从事 be engaged in 25.使……接触（v.）expose11.登机，注册入学（v.）enroll招募（v.）recruit雇佣（v.）employ26.灭绝的（adj.）extinct   灭绝（n.）extinction   存在（v.）exist   存在（n.）existence12.满腔热情的（adj.）enthusiastic27.极端的（adj.）extreme13.冠名，给……标号（v.）entitle把权力和资格给某人Entile sb. to do sth.28.对……熟视无睹   turn a blind eye to14.在……上与……匹敌 equal in同工同酬equal pay for equal work29.教室里除了一两把椅子外，几乎空了。（1）except：There is nothing in the classroom except one or two chairs.（2）except for: The classroom is empty except for one or two chairs. 15.估计（v.）estimate低估（v.）underestimate   F某人面临某事（两种）sb.be faced with sth.= sth. face sb. 为……奠定坚实基础lay a solid foundation/basis for微弱的（adj.）/昏厥（n.）faint褪色的（adj.）faded11.坦白的（adj.）frank   坦白说（插入语）frankly=to be frank3.名声（n.） fame=reputation12.履行，实现（v.）fulfill4.可行的，行得通的（adj.）feasible  灵活的（adj.）flexible13.那个穿白衣服的女孩多才多艺，给观众留下了深刻的印象。（dress）That girl dressed in white is of many gifts, which leaves a deep impression on audience.5.他蹑手蹑脚地进入房间，唯恐吵醒睡着的孩子。（fear）He went into the room on tiptoe for fear of waking up the sleeping baby.14.为了与时俱进，专家们正努力改进教科书。（effort）To keep pace with the times,specialists are making efforts to improve textbooks.6.流利的（adj.）fluent  时常的（adj.）frequent15.总经理不会原谅你玩忽职守的行为。（excuse）The chief manager won’t excuse you for neglecting your duty.7.预见，预知（v.）foresee  预报（v.）predict16.你的文章首尾不呼应，要么删掉，要么重写。（either…or）The beginning of your article doesn’t agree with the end, so you either rewrite the end or delete it.8.健忘的（adj.）forgetful难忘的（adj.）unforgettable 17.您的旧家电在我们任何一家连锁店都能以旧换新。（exchange）Your old household appliances can be exchanged for new ones in any of our chain stores.9.形成（vt.）form改革（v.）reform转变（v.）transform 18.我完全被那壮阔的景象迷住了，无法转移视线。（fascinate）I was completely fascinated by the magnificent Scene and couldn’t take my eyes off it.  G代沟 gap缩小差距narrow the gap12.指导（vt.）guide   指导（n.）guidance注视，凝视gaze at 盯着stare at 瞥 glance at 13.有罪的，内疚的（adj.）guilty   罪恶，内疚（n.）guilt   犯……罪或过错be guilty of   对……感到内疚feel guilty about3.代代相传pass from generation to generation14.授予（v.）grant4.静下心来处理get down to doing 克服（困难） get over 通过，完成   get through15.失业教会我任何事情都不能视为理所当然。（grant）Unemployment teaches me that I can’t take everything for granted.5.光荣的，荣耀的（adj.）glorious  光荣，荣耀（n.）glory16.他每天抽出一些时间复习学习过的知识。（go）He sets aside some time to go over the knowledge he has learned.6.紧附于，集中于be glued to   17.这个小男孩凝视着夜空，想象着自己乘坐宇宙飞船遨游太空的情景。（gaze）This little boy gazes at the night sky, imagining travelling in space by spaceship.7.足够分配，参观 go around 追求 go after 参加，爱好 go in for  复习 go over 与……相配 go with18.我宁愿多买些苹果，否则不够分发是很尴尬的。（go）I would rather buy some more apples, or it’s awkward not to have enough to go around.8.统治，管理（v.）govern 执行，掌管（v.）administer19.老师刚要分发试卷，这时响起了手机铃声。（when）The teacher was about to give out papers when the mobile phone rang.9.因某事对某人表示感激be grateful to sb. for sth.  感激（n.）gratitude20.男士一般不擅长购物时和店主讨价还价。（good）Men aren’t good at bargaining with shopkeepers when they do some shopping.10.贪婪（n.）greed贪婪的（adj.）greedy21.只有经历过艰难困苦的人才明白人生的真谛。Only by going through difficulties and hardship can people understand the meaning og the life.11.保证，担保（v.）guarantee  二、六选四高考英语六选四阅读解题的 十大技巧技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此------以至于等。

技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，as well也等。 技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。

技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。

技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点)；其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等

技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

技巧七：从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。

技巧八：从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。

技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾

     所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。           课堂练习例1. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward.B. All of the factors pushing online education toward the mainstream of higher education are now crashing together.C. Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming.D. In other words, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture.E. Yet the most exciting promise of their company and the like is the role they might play in improving education for the poor around the world.F. Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees around the world.A School That Can Educate Us AllChristos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers — especially compared with him.    67   Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades.  68    A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.   69    Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities.    70   Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford — but this time in person.  例2. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. What accounts for this culture of generosity?B. This belief is central to the national character.C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated?D. Americans' generosity is rooted in selfless behavior.E. America’s philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich.F. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father.       Charity -Humanity’s most kind and generous desire -- is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modem billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.    67.                  Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality (节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 lb. of sterling silver - one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation  68.                  Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal  heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69.                  The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote，“Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70.                   America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting. 三、四字格翻译汇编自理能力  ability to take care of themselves待人处世  the way a person treats others诉诸法律  submit this case to the court/sue you in a law court/go to court/take legal action齐心协力  work together课程开发  the development of courses有朝一日  one day健康饮食  healthy diet互相配合  cooperate with each other自然规律  natural law劣质商品  inferior goods不断进取  make progress众所周知  As we all know/ As is known to all不忘初心  remain true to our original aspiration牢记使命  keep our mission firmly in staying true to our founding mission 职业规划  career planning共享经济  Sharing Economy第一要务  the top priority举步维艰  difficult to develop有待解决  remain to be resolved吹毛求疵  be critical of四、记叙文专题知识点1：能力提升A．     多样的句型结构同位语从句或者是插入语Simon, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.The best way, I think, is to finish it quickly. 排比或对偶Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. 倒装So happy and excited are they that I see their eagerness for knowledge, which is powerful in all our life.Expensive and painstaking as it is, I choose to go abroad and study if I find it necessary.    Only by working hard can we realize our dreams. 高级句式There is no denying that the environment is playing an important role in our daily life.There is no doubt that Sino-American relations have reached a new stage.The reason why the match was put off is that it was raining hard. B．      谚语All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Failure is the mother of success.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration(汗水).Knowledge is power.No pains, no gains.Where there is a will, there is a way.Pride goes before a fall.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.Practice makes perfect.
 知识点2：记叙文Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.联系高三学习生活，详细描述一件令你印象最深刻的事。 （文中请不要出现真实的校名和人名。） （字数120字以上）    五、课后作业作业1：Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. If you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.B. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time.C. In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economic situation like this. D. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you.E. That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development.F. Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately.       67      If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting.        68      Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets. Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.      69      Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details. Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries.       70      People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can. As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.2.Directions:  Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the individual attention that students receive.B. Tutorials can be considered the backbone of undergraduate teaching at Oxford.C. Sometimes, the student may leave a tutorial with only a reading list and the title of the next essay.D. Tutorials can greatly enhance the undergraduates’ academic performance.E. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the various curriculums that students receive.F. In the mean time, tutorials are also beneficial for developing students’ skills of critical analysis.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world. The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. __67__ Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields. __68__ Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic (可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.__69__ The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards. However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.  作业2：翻译：1. 你没有必要在乎他人对你的评论.（care） 2. 大量阅读书籍有助于我们成长。（expose） 3. 你的网站内容越实用，使用起来越方便，就越有可能成功。（the more…the more） 4. 正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标，才会在科学领域不断有所突破。（It） 5.李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎。(would rather) 6.在投资项目的过程中出现了一些问题。(arise) 7.在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系。（commit） 8.有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害。但事实远非如此。(It)   作文：Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words, according to the topic given in Chinese.我最难忘的一课。具体说明为何难忘。感想。