第7讲 高频词1+六选四1+定语从句+应用文建议信-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

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第7讲 高频词1+六选四1+定语从句+应用文建议信 解析版
一、高频词
A
1. 上船，登机（prep.）aboard
在国外（adv.）abroad
寄宿学校 boarding school
董事会 the board
15．年龄，时代（n.）age
老龄化问题 aging problem
与时俱进 keep pace with the age
2. 不在的，缺席的（adj.） absent
搭配结构：be absent from
缺席（n.） absence
在场的，出席的（adj.）present
搭配结构：be present at
出席（n.）presence
16. 分析（vt.）analyze
分析（n.）analysis
强调（v.）emphasize
强调（n.）emphasis
3. 接近，利用（n.） access =
可接近，可得到（短语）have access to
17.周年纪念日（n.）anniversary
年度的（adj.）annual
成人仪式 grown-up ceremony
4. 偶然的，意外的（adj.）accidental
同义词=：casual
18.显然的（adj.）apparent
同义词=obvious
5. 由于 on account of
占比 account for
19.家用电器 household appliance
6． 指控控告某人（两种）
charge sb. with=accuse sb. of
20.申请，应用 apply to
调整（v.） adjust
7. 习惯于（三种）
be accustomed to
be used to
be habituated to

21.批准，赞成（v.）approve
批准，赞成（n.）approval
反义词：disapprove
8.得到（vt.） acquire 得到（n.）acquisition
要求（vt.）require
要求（n.）requirement
22. 引起公众的注意
arouse the public’s attention
9.适应，改编（v.）adapt
呼吁，上诉（v.）appeal
收养（vt.）adopt
23.评估，评价（vt.）assess = evaluate
进化（v.）evolve
消除（vi.）eliminate
灭绝（adj.）extinct
粗略估计 at a rough estimate
10.向……致辞；处理（vt.）address
24.确保（vt.） assure
确保（vt.）ensure
保险（vi.）insure
11.行政机关（n.）administration
管理（v.）administer
权威，官方（n.）authority
25.吸引（vt.）attract
使分心（vt.）distract
干扰（vt.） disturb
12.准许进入（n.）admission
招募（vt.）recruit
26.对……极为重视
lay too much emphasis on sth.
13.预先，事先 in advance=ahead of time
27.充分意识到（两种）
Be fully aware of =be fully conscious of
14.影响（v.）affect
影响（n）effect
喜爱，慈爱（n.）affection
B-C
1.细菌（n.）bacteria （复数）bacterium
数据（n.）data （复数）datum
24.有能力的（adj.）capable
能力（n.） capability
2.劳逸结合 keep the balance between work and play
25.绝不（两种）in no case/under no circumstance
3.赤裸的（adj.）bare
一……就：barely…when
26.便衣警察 police with casual clothes
4.讨价还价（vi.）bargain
27.停止（v.）cease
5.障碍（n.）barrier = obstacle
28.开幕式 opening ceremony
6. 以……为基础（两种）be based on
be hooked in =be anchored in
基础（n.）basis
建立在常规基础上 on a regular basis
29.平民的，国内的（adj.）civil
平民（n.）civilian
使文明，使开化（vt.）civilize
文明，开化（n.）civilization
7. 正要做某事……却（about短语）
be about to do…when
30.认领（v.）claim
失物认领处 Lost and Found
8.忍受（三种）tolerate=bear=stand
31.指控某人 charge sb. with sth.
9.受益匪浅 benefit a lot
32.咀嚼（v.）chew
10.使粘合，束缚（vt.）bind
一定会，负有……义务be bound to
33.分类（v.）classify
分类（n.）classification
排列（v.）rank
11.把……归咎于某人（两种）
blame sth. on sb.=blame sb. for sth.
34.倒塌，崩溃（v.）collapse
腐败（n.）corrupt
12.属于（v.）belong
所有物，财产（n.）belongings
35.精通 have a good command of
13.吹嘘（v.）boast
夸张（vi.）exaggerate
36.商业，贸易（n.）commerce
商业广告（n.）commercial
14.售票处 booking office
预约（v.） book =reserve
37.致力于 be committed to
委员会（n.）committee
15.发自内心地 from the bottom of one’s heart
38.比较（n.）comparison
16.微风吹拂着头发 with the breeze blowing through hair
39.复杂的（adj.两种）complicated/complex
17.行贿（vt.）bribe
行贿（n.） bribery
40.赞美（n.）compliment
隐藏（v.）conceal
18.拓展眼界 broaden one’s horizon
41.承认，坦白（vt.）confess（n.）confession
19.撞上，碰见 bump into
42.收缩（v.）contract （反义词）inflate
20.担负重任
shoulder the burden/be burdened with
43.与……形成对比in contrast with
鲜明对比a sharp contrast
21.专心于（两种）be buried in/be absorbed in
44.罪犯（n.）criminal
嫌疑犯（n.）suspect
22.号召 call on
要求，需要 call for
23.竞选，战役（n.） campaign
45.批评家（n.）critic
至关重要的（adj.）critical
=



C-D
1. 凭借着勤奋和绝对实力，Lily在面试中脱颖而出。（candidate）
Lily stood out over other candidates for diligence and absolute ability.

2. 尽管结果不尽如人意，但他仍然坚持自己的学术研究。（despite）
Despite the result which is far from satisfactory, he still sticks to his academic study.

3. 中国对韩国宣战因为韩国无原则地侵犯中国的尊严。（declare）
China declares the war on Korea because Korea invaded China’s dignity without discipline.

4. 数位代表出席了有关于中国政治和经济发展的会议。（delegate）
Several delegates attended the conference about Chinese political and economic development.

5. 不管谁指出我们的缺点都应该收到回报。（deserve）
Whoever points out our shortcomings deserves a reward.

6. 那些为科学发展献身的人推动了社会的快速发展。（devote）
Those who are devoted to science have promoted the development of society.

7. 第一次到纽约的时候，我对所见所闻表现出极大的好奇心。（On）
The first time I visited New York, I was curious about what I saw and heard.

8. 他否认违反交通规则，而将事故责任推到卡车司机身上。（deny）
He denied breaking the traffic rules and blamed the truck driver for the accident.

9. 她下定决心不惜任何代价不让父母失望。（determined）
She is determined not to let her parents down at any cost.

10. 我校正不遗余力地满足学生对课外活动的需求。（demand）
Our school is making effort to meet the demands of students for activities after class.

11. 由于需要进一步修改，他将书推迟到明年出版。（delay）
As the book needs further revising ,he has delayed publishing the book until next year

12. 他仍然昏迷不醒，随时有生命危险。（danger）
He remains unconscious and is in danger of losing his life at any moment.
二、六选四

六选四题型概述
选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是2017年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。考生在备考这一部分时,需意识到以下几点：
（1.）通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、毎一段的大意等;
（2.）阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据据后句的内容基本确定需填入句子的内容；
（3.）阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内容及行文逻辑的句子；
（4.）通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。

英语文章主题句常出现的位置
（一）段落主题句
文章是由段落构成的。段落是由围绕一个中心思想的一个或几个有逻辑关系的句子组成的。就结构 和内容而言，段落是相对完整的，篇章是通过各个段落的中心思想来表现其主题的。一般来讲，一个段落只有一个中心思想，即一个主题。段落中的其他句子都是用来说明、支持和扩展这一主题的。反映整个段 落中心思想的句子叫主题句（Topic Sentence) 。主题句是全段的核心，统帅全段，并且决定着全段的发展 方向。它只提示在本段中要阐述的观点，而不是整篇文章中要说明的问题。 在语言结构上，主题句往往包括一个中心主题和一个需要在段落中加以发展的核心部分。中心主题 指出本段讲的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分则指出本段侧重该人物或该物的某个或某些方面。Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit.这句的中心主题是praise(赞扬），其段落将围绕着”对人的精神来说.praise (赞扬）就像阳光一样"这个思路发展。离开了这个思想，就将意味着偏离主题。一个好的主题句，要立论严谨、清晰明了、合乎逻辑；要全局在胸，内容具体，简明扼要。主题句所限定或概括的内容不外乎有两点：一是有助于读者更好的理解下文。多数段落都是以主题句打头，开门见山，点明主题，然后再展开具体细节。二是总结全段内容，以便给读者更深刻的印象，供托效果，达到高潮。

（二）主题句的位置
根据表达需要,英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。一般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。
1、段首主题句。
在大多数情况下，主题句位于段首，开门见山，点明主题，其它各句都紧紧围绕着主 题句遂步展开。
Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory vocabulary. The standard term 'Goodbye' is both too formal and too final. It may be just the job for usher" ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality, many people now say (Bye bye' instead; others try to make this particularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye".

2、段中主题句。主题句位于段落中间，这种情况相对较少。
Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long Lincoin's body was taken by train back to his former home in spring field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects.

3、段尾主题句。主题句放在段落末尾，目的是总结、概括前面展开阐述的问题，以加深印象，供托效果。
When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is not shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him as retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future re- quires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception is thus a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as well as the present.

4、段首段尾主题句。主题句在段首和段尾同时出现。目的是强调这一主题，用以引起读者的注意，加深印象。
Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks ;Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

5、有时，整个段落并没有代表段落中心思想的主题句，段落主题包含在句子的字里行间。这就需要读者在认真仔细阅读的基础上进行归纳和总结。例如：
In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and cheaper. 通过阅读，我们发现整个段落的每一句，围绕主题从不同方面说明1999年人们的日常生活工作将与今天有所不同。所以本段的主题句可以归纳为: Life in 1999 will be different from what it is today.

综上所述，英语段落主题句的位置，常见的有以上四种。其中，段首、段尾主题句尤为常见。主题句无 论在什么位置，它都是该段落的核心部分,反映该段的中心思想。其余各句必须紧扣主题，围绕着这一中心思想来展开。

例题讲解
例1.
A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife’s trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.
B. Give your help to those in greater need.
C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.
D. Effie worked diligently all her life.
E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.
F. “Don’t give it to me all at once,” she said.

“Any apples today?” Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. (1) _____
All pretense (借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. (2) _____
Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.
Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. “Here, darling,” I said, “is what I owe you.” (3) _____ “Give it back as I gave it to you---a little at a time.” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.
The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.
Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can’t afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie’s death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.
(4) _____ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her.

【答案】E A F C
【解析】本篇文章讲述了一位好心但不富有的人帮助作者，但作者却没能在那位好心人生前把钱还回去。因此作者也开始帮助其他人，并发现那些受到帮助的人也会去帮助别人。
记叙文做六选四最重要的就是上下文的脉络和情节发展了。

1.上文提到了作者要买Effie的苹果，但只能先赊账，又根据下文Effie是个乐善好施的人可以判断出来，这里是Effie向作者说钱可以慢慢还。且E选项还提到了truck，正好和上文作者去Effie的truck买苹果不谋而合，所以选E。

2、本空可以注意一下上文的句式。Effie经常来，并带些礼物。而在冒号之后是具体的举例。再加上There were other generosities，表示有其他的馈赠，所以下文应该也是一个Effie具体帮助作者的例子。A选项说道，Effie资助作者，让作者得以带孩子去看病，所以选A。

3、首先根据上下文，我们可以判断出这里是对话。其次作者在这里是想要把之前Effie资助作者的钱还回去，而下文Effie却提出，让作者像当年一点点受到资助一样，再一点点把钱还给她，可见Effie在这里拒绝了作者一次性还款的提议。故选F。

4、上一段提到了，在Effie死之后，作者也开始资助那些有经济困难的人。B选项似乎表达了这层含义，但这却是个结论，但根据下文可以明显看出，这并不是作者从这个故事中得出的结论，作者想要表达的是Effie的这种爱会不断传递下去。C选项则正好有这层含义，那些受到帮助的人也会去帮助其他人。通过这个现象，作者自然得出了下文的结论。
例2.
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
　　C.Before you begin your training
　　D.With each day，increase the distance by a half mile
　　E.If they still feel good，you can begin running in them
　　F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

















Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 ，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 2 .As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
　　During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 3 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 4 .After two weeks，start timing yourself.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
【答案】C E A D
【解析】
1.Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.为这篇文章的主题句，第一段的主要内容是Training for a marathon requires careful preparation。根据该空后面提供的语境buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，这应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。
2.此题可利用代词解题。由该空前的语境When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.(当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。)可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes。故选E。
　　3.空前的During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.(在第一周的时候，不要考虑跑了多远，但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分钟。)提到了the first week，即7天，空格后面说it is wise to take a day off to rest(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。
　　4.根据该空格前面提供的语境But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。
例3.
A. Long car journeys are even less pleasant
B. During the day, sleep comes in snatches
C. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort
D. You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled
E. You will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journey
F. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer for similar flights.
















People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep. _____1_____. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost exhausted when reaching the destination." _____2_____, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numerous civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food ——particularly when the sea is calm. If it is not, you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.

Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.
_____3_____. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: “_____4_____.” You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.
【答案】B A C D
【解析】
1.这题可以利用重复词汇解题。空前的Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep.（火车车厢很快变得拥挤与闷热，火车车轮撞击铁轨的单调的韵律很快就诱惑你去睡觉）中出现了sleep，以及空后的语境At night, when you really wish to go to sleep中也出现了sleep。可知这一段话主要是写与睡眠有关的内容。所以选B，During the day, sleep comes in snatches.(在白天，你断断续续地睡着了。)During the day 也与At night所相对应。

2.这题可利用逻辑连词解题。根据for it is quite impossible even to read 中的for可知所选的句子应该与这句话存在着因果关系。A选项Long car journeys are even less pleasant（长途汽车旅行是更加让人不愉快的），与之含义衔接紧密。

3.空后面的at over 500 miles an hour 和an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly 描述飞机速度很快。The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.描述的是飞机舒适度很高。所以结合起来，应该选C项，But nothing can match them for speed and comfort。
4.根据空后的You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.（你永远也不需要花费接下来的几日从一个漫长的艰辛的旅程中恢复过来。）而D项You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled（你将会到达目的地，神清气爽，精神饱满。）与之正好存在着因果关系，语义也衔接的很紧密。


课堂练习：
1.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Priority should definitely be given to your day job
B. The same goes for your notes and other paperwork
C. It's up to you to find a system and stick with it
D. Sometimes it is no easy task to make decisions between Job A and Job B
E. Keep firm dividers between your different jobs
F. Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label which variety they are








No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you're not careful, the word"crash"could become more than figurative.
We all know that well have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won't work for anyone else. 67 . There are a few tricks, though, that can help.
68 Even if you are the boss on your second job----you're working for yourself----you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you're on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you or this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.
Good records can also help. I'm not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whether you're at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it's worth it. 69 .
I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that's the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employers permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.
Some companies don t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits-such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.
70 . Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss's attitude, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I'd be entirely truthful. (华师大二附中2018届阶段测试)
【答案】67-70 CEBF
【解析】
67. 上文提到每个人都有自己不同的time management system，因此你要做的就是找到一个是个自己的system并坚持下去。
68. 由下文“you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job”可知，你要在不同的工作之间保持严格的分工。
69. 段首提到认真记录有助于不同工作之间的时间管理，这一方法同样适用于其他文案工作。故而选B。
70. Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label which variety they are.刚好呼应下一句：it can be very hard to figure out your boss's attitude.
2.Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.
A. The critical abilities are beginning to develop in adolescence.
B. Their view on life usually falls on two extremes.
C. Of all periods of life,this is what may best be called the “plastic age”.
D.They are basically timid or self-conscious .
E. Despite that,it is also in this periods that strong ties between teachers and students develop.
F. Fundamentally they want to be kept busy but they refuse to admit it .
Adolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.
Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.
Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.
__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner. (上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷)
【答案】D F B C
【解析】
77.空位于句中，因此需要理解上下文的内容。空后展开表述了青春期孩子不够坦白同时又容易被自己的情感影响并且不愿意承认，从中可以看出这些都是青春期孩子的一些性格特点，因此前面应该是对这种特点的总结。所以答案选D
78.同样位于句中。空后面讲述了青春期孩子们希望能够忙一点，但是又不想要白忙活，希望自己的付出能够得到相应的回报。而在选项中只有F选项说到了这一点因此选F
79.空位于句中，后面的“on one hand”和“on the other hand ”是很好的提示。后面内容涵盖了两个方面，一方面他们过于腼腆另一方面又过于自信。这是两个极端刚好与B选项内容符合。因此这里选B
80.空位于段首，因此具有总结性功能。后面的关键词是“stage”，讲述了在这一阶段我们需要如何去帮助孩子们。因此段首内容应该是对这个阶段的总结，所以选择C。


三、定语从句重要考点汇编
1.这个小伙子字写得漂亮，这让他在求职面试中脱颖而出。(enable)
This young man had beautiful handwriting, which enabled him to stand out in the job interview.
2.尽管这对双胞胎天赋相近，但弟弟在语言学习上更强一些。(superior)
Although the twins have close talent//are similar in talent, the younger brother is superior in language learning.
3.当脸书首席执行官(CEO)为泄露其用户个人信息而道歉时候，信息安全再一次成为公众热议的话题。(apologize)
When the Facebook CEO apologized for revealing the personal information of its users, information security again became a hot topic of public debate/a hot issue among the public
4.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。（which）
Parents try to shelter / protect their children from problems and even make important decisions for them, which will do harm to / be harmful to /be bad for the growth of their children.
5.这家以牛排为特色的饭店很受欢迎，你至少要提前两周定座。(feature)
The restaurant, which features steaks, is so popular that you have to reserve a table/ seat at least two weeks in advance.
6.我们坚信：一个更加和谐的社会将会建成，人民安居乐业，物质和精神方面都将得到满足。 (where)
We firmly believe a more harmonious society will be built, where people will live and work happily and they will be satisfied with their life physically and mentally.

四、应用文专题
知识点1：能力提升
能力一：写作词汇
丰富高级词汇
1. 多实少虚
nice generous, humorous, smart, gentle, easygoing, warm-hearted
2. 短语优先
I cannot bear it. I cannot put up with it.
I want it. I am looking forward to it.
3. 弃旧从新
There are potential safety dangers.
There exist potential safety dangers.

A． 高级词汇
We all think he is a great man.
Ø We all speak highly of him.

As a result, the plan was a failure.
Ø The plan turned out to be a failure.

In our school, there are twenty-seven classrooms.
Ø Our school is made up of/consists of twenty-seven classrooms.

能力二：写作句式
B． 高级句式
1. He came in and there was a baby in his arms.
He came in , with a baby in his arms.

2. When he arrived, he gave me an e-mail
The moment he he arrived, he gave me an e-mail.

3. I had just reached the station, and at once the train started.
Hardly/No sooner had I reached the station when/than the train started.

4. He can’t get in touch with Mary because he doesn’t know her telephone number.
Not knowing her telephone number, he can’t get in touch with Mary.

5. We can only do this in order to get a good mark.
Only in this way can we get a good mark.

6. The bike is very cheap. Every family can buy two or three.
The bike is so cheap that every family can afford to buy two or three.

7. I can lend you money but you must return it tomorrow.
I can lend you money as long as you return it tomorrow.

8. The flat is in the building on No.1 Street. It is not far from our school.
The flat is in the building on No.1 Street, which is not far from our school.


知识点2：建议信（2）
Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
这是一张学校选修课（optional courses）的报名单。语文和数学选修课已经确定，而英语除了开设“英语听说”外，还希望得到你的建议。你的建议必须包括以下内容：
1. 你建议的英语选修课的名称。
2. 选修课的内容。
3. 你建议开设这门选修课的原因。
语文
数学
英语
红楼梦阅读与鉴赏
理财课堂
英语听说
演讲
统计学的妙用
......
【范文欣赏】
Having been informed of the news that our school are seeking our proposals on an English optional course, I am delighted to share my humble advice. Apart from “English Listening and Speaking”, another course named “English Movie Appreciation and Analysis” must be an appealing and advisable choice.
Its content can be primarily listed as follows. To begin with, a selected English movie is supposed to be shown to students in every class. Furthermore, teachers can assign students to write an article about it afterwards, for instance, they can analyze the impressive characters, the thrilling plots and authentic expressions as well. Meanwhile, an English Movie Dubbing Show can be held when the course is about to come to an end.
As for why I recommend this course, I intend to account for it in three respects. Above all, so interesting is it that a vast majority of students are bound to choose it as an optional course. Moreover, the more students are exposed to English, the more they are likely to have a good command of it in the long run. Equally important, Movie is undeniably an entertaining way to gain a better understanding of foreign culture, thus enabling us to have our vision broadened.

赏析：这篇作文属于话题分析的类型，采用了推理法给出相关论据。整篇文章逻辑思路清晰，论点是选修课“英文电影赏析”的课程内容及选修原因，文中论据充足合理，值得模仿。




五、课后作业
作业1：
A. Many of them lost their home.
B. There were also a lot of accidents.
C. They hoped they could make more money.
D. So they left and went to find farmlands in the west.
AB. It is true that the settlers ‘journey was extremely difficult
AC. But the truth is that the Native Americans were not the biggest problem for the settlers.
In the 19 century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn't find work in cities like New York._67_ The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.
Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the native Americans(American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the "Indians" killing many white people._68_ In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers.
_69_ many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. Many parents also had to carry their small children. The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes— they walked the whole trail bare foot, in extremely cold temperature.
More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean.
_70_Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.
【答案】D AC AB B






2.
A. Of course, you don’t always need to wear a suit.
B. Besides, men care more about dress codes than women do.
C. In short--remember to keep your whole style plain and simple.
D. Companies have seen that the more relaxed attitude to dress not only promotes comfort, but also encourages younger workers to stay.
E. All in all, not every company allows its staff to wear earrings.
F. First, let’s look at color.
Getting dressed for the office
It’s clear that business wear has changed in the last few years--for both men and women. Even traditional business such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “smart” to “smart-casual”. (67)______. What is less clear, however, is what “smart-casual” actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are many factors involved: for example, the particular industry you work in, how much contact you have with the public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play--what is acceptable in the summer might not be in the autumn or winter.
So, does “smart-casual” mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms and sandals, or does it just mean that you don’t have to wear a tie? (68)______. Fashionable colors for suits for both men and women this season are still the traditional grey, dark blue and black. You see someone wearing grey and it indicates a conservative, professional image; dark blue says you’re trustworthy; and black always looks smart and classy. These colors don’t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.
(69) ______. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers made of wool, or a good pair of chinos. Women can wear trouser suits or skirt suits. You can also wear more fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar attitude to jewellery, bags and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags. (70)______.
【答案】D F A C


作业2：翻译：
1.自律和有经验的员工们非常受青睐。（prefer）
Self-disciplined /self-managed and experienced staff are most/ much preferred.
2.由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方将不再吸引游客。（lack）
For lack of unique culture , some places will no longer attract tourists /visitors. Lacking unique culture , some places will not attract tourists / visitors anymore.
3.虽然他之前的表现出挑， 但由于对公司文化一无所知，他还是没通过面试。（ignorance）
Despite/In spite of his previous remarkable performance, he failed in/didn’t pass the interview because he was in ignorance of the company culture.
4.诗歌大赛吸引了大批观众，他们从中领略到了汉语的魅力。（which)
Poetry contest attracted a large audience, from which they had a taste of the charm of Chinese
5.这是一个简单的故事，但是简单并不代表缺乏深度。（lack）
This is a simple story, which doesn’t mean lack of depth.
6.网购是一种电子商务，它让顾客可以足不出户地购买心仪的商品或服务。（commerce）
Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce, which allows consumers to purchase ideal goods or service without stepping out of their houses.

作文：
Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words, according to the topic given in Chinese.
学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：
1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；
2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。
Dear editor,
I’m Cheng Fei, a student from our school. Hearing that our English Newspaper is being considered a revision about deleting the least necessary column and then add a more essential one from the three given columns, I cannot wait but write to give away my own view for your reference, and the details are listed as follows.
With regard to the existing three columns, entertainment should be deleted from health, entertainment and culture; meanwhile, career planning should be chosen to add into the newspaper from such candidates as fashion, career planning and reader feedbacks.
On one hand, health and culture are more closely related to students’ school and daily life, which perspectively symbolizes their physical and mental enrichment. By contrast, entertainment is the least aspect worth equal attention. On the other hand, career planning column can provide students full guidelines and preparations for the future life, which will stimulate our interests in pursuing knowledge and enable us more willing, more active and more purposeful to learn what we really need in the near future. Only from the needs of the majority will we truly associate what we’ve learnt or will learn with career directions and practically make our learning process meaningful, motivative and instructive.
I’m convinced that what I’ve mentioned above caters to the tastes of the most students. In view of this issue, I would be much obliged to you if you could adopt my proposal. Look forward to your satisfying replies at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Cheng Fei