第10讲 高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

这是一份第10讲 高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版），文件包含第10讲高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文原卷版doc、第10讲高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
第10讲 高频词4+概要写作2+常考谚语+图片作文 原卷版
一、高频词
O-P
1. 反对，不赞成（v.）object
反对（短语）object to
=be opposed to
客观的（adj.）objective
主观的（adj.）subjective
16.一部分（n.）portion
比例（n.）proportion
不成比例out of proportion
2. 迫使，使感激（vt.）oblige
不得不做，有义务做be obliged to do
17.跳入，陷入（v.）plunge
3.障碍物（n.）obstacle =barrier
18.占有，拥有（v.）possess
占有，拥有（n.）possession
4.偶尔的（adj.）occasional
19.贫穷（n.）poverty
财产（n.）property
5.占据，占有（vt.）occupy
从事，专心于be occupied in /be engaged in
20.校长（n.）principal
原理，原则（n.）principle
6.激怒，冒犯（v.）offend
激怒，冒犯（n.）offence
21.继续进行，着手（v.）proceed
处理，加工（v.）process
7.省略，遗漏（vt.）omit
22.有希望的，有前途的（adj.）promising
8.起源，出处（n.）origin
最初的，原始的（adj.）original
起先的，最初的（adj.）initial
23.可能性，预期（n.）prospect
视角，观点（n.）prospective
9.把……归功于owe…to
24.显而易见，他不愿意按照吩咐去做。（It）
It is obvious that he is unwilling to do as he was asked to.

10.特别的，特殊的（adj.）particular
对……挑剔be particular about
25.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（It）
It never occurs to me that Tom can be elected as chairman of the Students’ Union.

11.热情，酷爱（n.）passion
热情的（adj.）passionate
26.我们只有不断改善自我，才能跟上现代生活的节奏。（Only）
Only by improving ourselves continuously can we keep pace with modern life.
12.爱国的（adj.）patriotic
27.这句谚语已经代代相传。（pass）
This proverb has been passed down from generation to generation.
13.奇怪的，特有的（adj.）peculiar
珍贵的（adj.）precious
28.埋怨也没用，人家根本不理睬。（point）
There is no point in complaining as they take no notice at all.
14.长久的，永久的（adj.）permanent
29.这一建议是否能够付诸实施仍然是个问题。（It）It remains a problem whether this suggestion can be put into practice.
15.毅力，坚持（n.）perseverance
同义词=persistence

Q-R
1. 资格证明（n.）qualification
有资格的，胜任的（adj.）qualified
胜任做某事：be qualified for
使……有资格（vt.）qualify
质量品质（n.）quality
数量（n.）quantity
17.不情愿的，勉强的（adj.）reluctant
不情愿，勉强（n.）reluctance
2. 停止，放弃（v.）quit
当他意识到自己的健康每况愈下时，他决定戒烟。（quit）
When he realized his health was from bad to worse, he decided to quit smoking.
18.陈述，评论（v./n.）remark
显著的（adj.）remarkable
3. 范围（n.）/变化（v.）range
这本小说是专门写给年龄7至12岁之间的孩子们的。
The novel is intended for children ranging in age from 7 to 12.
19.声誉，名声（n.）reputation
享有盛誉 with great reputation
不负盛名 live up to reputation
4. 在某人够得着的地方 within one’s reach
在某人够不着的地方 out of one’s reach
20.相似，像（v.）resemble

5.对突发事件做出反应 react to the sudden incident
21.辞职（v.）resign
6.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾照考试。（reason）
The reason why he didn’t pass the driving exam is for lack of practice.


22.保留，预定（vt.）reserve=book
保护区 reservation
（预先）保护（v.）preserve
居民（n.）resident
居住，住所（n.）residence
7.发票收据（n.）receipt
接待处,服务台 reception desk
23.抵抗做某事 resist doing
有抵抗力的（adj.）resistant
对……有抵抗力的 be resistant to
8.据记载……it is recorded that
24.限制，约束（v.）restrict
9.把……看作 regard as
关于 with regard to
关于（prep.）regarding
25.可敬的（adj.）respectable
各自的（adj.）respective
他因灾后重建此城市而受到尊敬。He is respected for rebuilding the city after the disaster.
10.地区（n.）region
宗教（n.）religion
26.揭示，揭露（v.）disclose=reveal

11.后悔做过 regret doing sth.
遗憾去做regret to do
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的提案在大会上被拒绝了。I regretted to tell you that your proposal was rejected at the meeting.
27.复习，审核（v./n.） review
修订（v.）revise

12.控制，管理，调节（v.）regulate
规则，条例（n.）regulation
立法（n.）legislation
28.颠倒的，相反的（adj.）reverse
13.拒绝（v.）reject
反对（v.）object
29.随……兴起，提高 with the rise of
引起，使发生 arouse
14.与……息息相关
be closely related to
30.粗糙的，崎岖的（adj.）rough
强硬的（adj.）tough
15.相对的，有关的（adj.）relative
有关的，切题的（adj.）relevant
31.规则，统治（v./n.）rule
我们学校规定学生不可将手机带进校园。（rule）
Our school makes a rule that students can’t take the mobile phones into the campus.
16.解除，宽慰（v.）relieve
解除某人的 relieve sb. of



S
1.牺牲（v./n.）sacrifice
15.腾出时间给某人spare sb. some time
2.安然无恙 sound and safe

16.溺爱，毁坏（v.）spoil
主办，赞助（v.）sponsor
3. 缘故，利益（n.）sake
令我们遗憾的是，他为了自己的利益出尔反尔。
To our regret, he broke his words for the sake of his own benefit.


17.稳定的（adj.两种）stable
稳定性（n.）stability
4. 比例，规模（n.）scale
分类（v.）rank
大规模地 on a large scale
18.陈述，声明（v.）state
陈述，声明（n.）statement
5. 缺乏的，罕见的（adj.）scarce
缺乏，罕见（n.）scarcity
19.刺激，激励（v.）stimulate
搅动，感情激起（v.）stir
6.在现场 on the scene/spot
20.打击，袭击（v.）；罢工（n.）strike
某人突然（从未）想到It never strikes sb. that
7.因……责骂某人 scold sb. for sth.
同义短语：blame sb. for sth.
21.代替（v.）substitute
用A代替B
substitute A for B
8.负责，留意 see to
务必，确保 see that
眼见为实。Seeing is believing.
22.充足的，足够的（adj.）sufficient
足够，充足（n.）sufficiency
9.着手做某事（两种）set about doing
只有收集所有的数据和资料才能着手写论文。
You can’t set about writing your paper before you collect all the data and information.
留出，拨出 set aside
他们同意抛开分歧，一起为和平而努力。
They agreed to set aside their differences and worked together for the peace.

23.监督，管理指导（v.）supervise
监督，管理（n.）supervision

10.严重的；严酷的（adj.）severe
24.供应（v.）supply
给某人供应某物（两种）
supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.
供不应求be in short supply
供求关系supply and demand
11.转换，换班（v.）shift
转变（v.）transform
25.怀疑（v.）/嫌疑犯（n.）suspect
怀疑的（adj.）suspicious
12.重要的（adj .）significant 重要的（n.）significance
雄伟的，壮阔的（adj.）magnificent
26.悬挂，吊;使暂停（v.）suspend
13.滑动（v.）slide
悄悄移动（v.）slip
从指尖溜走slip through one’s fingers
27.开关；转换（v./n.）switch
打开 switch on
关掉switch off
14.打碎，粉碎（v.）smash
28.同情某人 have sympathy for sb.
T-V
1.裁制（v.）tailor
12.紧急的（adj.）urgent
紧急（n.）urgency
2.辨别A和B（两种）tell
明辨是非tell right from wrong
13.空着的（adj.）vacant
3.诱惑（v.）tempt =引诱：lure
诱惑（n.）temptation
抵制诱惑resist the temptation
14.模糊不清的（adj.）vague
有效的，正当的（adj.）valid
4.倾向（v.）tend
倾向（n.两种）trend
潮流，趋势（n.）tendency
15.变化（v.）vary
富于变化的（adj.）varied
变化无常的（adj.）variable
5.领土（n .）territory
恐怖主义（n.）terrorism
16.反之亦然 vice versa
6.随着时间流逝（两种）as time passes by
With the time passing by
及时的（adj.）timely
计时（n.）timing
17.可见的（adj.）visible
视力；视觉（n.）vision
7.追踪，追溯（v.）trace
追溯回trace back to
18.A：我正要出门，电话铃响了。
I was about to go out when the call rang.
B：我正不知该如何做，这时我突然想到了个好主意。
I am wondering what I should do when I suddenly get a good idea.

8.追踪（v.）track
追踪系统tracking system
19.收回；提取（存款等）；撤退withdraw
9.转移，调动（v.）transfer
20.消息传来在告别会上，所有的同学和老师都畅所欲言。
Word came that all the students and teachers expressed themselves freely at the farewell party.

10.轮流做某事（两种）
take turns at doing sth.
do sth. by turns

21.这部电影百看不厌，它让人们想起了童年时光。（worth）
The film is worth seeing a hundred times as it reminds people of their childhood.


11.解开松开；废除undo
22.父母用毛毯把生病的孩子包裹起来送到了医院。（wrap）
The parents wrapped up their sick child and sent him to hospital.



二、概要写作的语言
动手写作
A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。
B. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”
可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”
可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”

6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：
"Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
可以概括为："Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it's not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn't have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!”Kate was patient. She didn't want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:"But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”
可以用第三人称概括为：
Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul's health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.

E.修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。
第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。
另外，可以通过以下五个方面来核对(checklist)写好的摘要。
1. Does the summary include the main points?
2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words?
3. Are there any ideas outside the passage?
4. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent?
5. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct?

三、议论文：
例题精讲：
Virginia is killing its U.S. history tests
As a history exam supporter, I have seen so many people appealing to the government to cancel it. Many students scored poorly in it and complained about hard work. In 2014, the Virginia legislature(立法) ordered a cut in the number of tests taken by the state’s children, and specifically eliminated the fifth grade and middle school U.S. history tests. The U.S. and Virginia history exam in high school is also about to disappear. Politicians seem to think the best way to reduce testing pressure is to abandon tests, no matter how important.
I met Steve Constantino, now chief academic officer of the Virginia Education Department, and he told me, “even without tests, the course, requirements, standards, etc., are all still very much required and schools are accountable to ensure that students master the content. I believe what this does is move the course toward more of a deeper learning experience, like IB.”
But when I met him the first time in the late 1990s, he was then the brilliant principal of Stonewall Jackson High School. He turned that school into a model for the demanding International Baccalaureate(IB) program. One of the reasons his IB program at Stonewall Jackson High School worked so well was that his IB students had to take the nation’s most difficult final exams, some of them five hours long.
My suggestion is that Virginia replace its state history tests with IB exams. You can learn a great deal preparing for one of those even if you fail. But that’s not going to happen. Constantino’s dream of deeper learning without challenging tests has never been achieved in American schools. So we will muddle along, not learning much history, since despite what we say, we really don’t think we need it.






课堂练习：
I read what you wrote about “the good old days” with interest. Despite making some sensible points, to my mind your arguments is wildly oversimplified in saying that the old days were better. All too often nowadays, we hear these black-and-white opinions about “globalization”. In my opinion, it’s a grey area and there are important benefits as well as some inevitable downsides as we move away from the good old days.
I feel that thriving cultures are not fixed and many of the best things come from cultures mixing. For example, many British people didn’t take to the very spicy food introduced by Indian people. As a result, Indian food in Britain is not the same as an authentic curry from India, but for some, it’s even better. I took part in some market research recently and found out that even branded goods are often changed to suit local tastes. Did you know, for example, that McDonald’s sell beer in France, lamb in India, and chilli in Mexico.
I found it hard to take in what you said about language. Did you really mean that English is “taking over the world”, as you put it? I don’t think so! I agree that huge numbers of people now speak English. At the start of the 21st century, about one and a half billion(1,500,000,000) people spoke English. That includes about 400 million speaking English as their first language and the rest speaking it as a second or third language. However, in many cases, a new type of English has been created. A kind of “global English” has taken off across the world. I think this is good in that it facilitates communication in an ever-shrinking, ever-more commercial world. People certainly don’t want a single world language, but a new common “lingua franca”—global language — has major advantage for global business, scientific research and tourism.
Some people—like you – may be saddened by the passing of the “old days” but it seems to me that most people are welcoming the mixing of cultures and the new things that are being created all the time.









说明文
例题精讲：
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation．”I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr.David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. ”The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr.David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. “
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.” We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” （上海中学2018年2月开学第一周周练）






课堂练习：
Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.
Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.（建平中学2018高三期中考试）












记叙文：
例题精讲：
I used to joke that I spoke French like a 3-year-old. Until I met a French 3-year-old and couldn’t keep the conversation. This was after a year of intense study, including at least two hours a day with self-instruction software and weekend classes, followed by two weeks of an immersion program at one of the top language schools in France.
My failure was in fact quite unremarkable. Despite advertising claims, learning a foreign language is a challenging task for any adult. In the end, though, it turns out that spending a year “not learning” French may have been the best things I could have done for my 57-year-old brain.
In the last few years. I was unable to hold a list of four grocery items in my mind. So to reassure myself that nothing was wrong, I took a cognitive assessment just before tackling French. The result were anything but reassuring: I scored below average for my age group in nearly all of the categories, especially on the composite memory test and the visual memory test.
After a year of struggling with the language, I retook cognitive assessment, and the results shocked me. My scores had improved, placing me above average in 7 of 10 categories, and average in the other three. Studying a language had been like drinking from a mental fountain of youth.
What might explain such an improvement? Researchers at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Northwestern University noted that the cognitive tasks involved in language study— like working memory, inductive reasoning, sound discrimination and task switching — map closely related to the areas of the brain that are most associated with declines due to aging.
If my experience is any indication, you might be better off by studying a language. Not only is that a far more useful and enjoyable activity than an abstract brain game, but as a reward for your efforts, you can treat yourself to a trip abroad. That’s why I plan to spend the next year “not learning” Italian.








课堂练习：
Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar
When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.
I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.
It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.
Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.
But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.
It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.
She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.
But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.
I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.
Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.
Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.
I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.








三、高考成语俗语翻译汇编
v 挨家挨户from door to door
医生挨家挨户上门巡访，省去了许多老年人去医院的麻烦.(save)


v 爱不释手can’t bear standing part with/putting it down /leaving it aside
这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that）


v 彼此埋怨be to blame each other
遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是相互帮助。(not…but)


v 别无选择have no choice but to do
当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）


v 不辞而别leave without saying good-bye
我们对他的不辞而别感到很惊讶。（without）


v 不尽如人意be far from satisfactory
这个地区的经济发展得很快，可使某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)



v 不容忽视should not be ignored/ neglected
这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize)


v 彻夜未眠didn’t fall asleep last night/ be awake all night
只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）

昨晚听到他喜欢的足球获胜的消息，他兴奋得彻夜未眠。（too…to…）



v 大为惊叹be greatly amazed/ impressed
这些十八世纪的油画保存得这样好, 使参观者大为惊叹。(so …that)



v 丰富多彩 colorful
他的儿子喜欢上学，因为学校生活丰富多彩。(because)


v 孤身一人，无亲无故be single and has no friends or relatives
虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer)


v 固执己见always stick to one’s own opinion
我发现很难与那些一贯固执已知的人合作。(…it…)


v 刮目相看look at sb. differently/ with new eyes/ regard sb. in a totally different light
他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务，同事们对他刮目相看。（so）


v 毫无疑问，不容置疑There is no doubt that.../ It cannot be doubted that
毫无疑问，旅行使人开阔眼界，增长知识。(doubt)


v 后悔莫及regret doing
他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）


v 后来居上catch up with sb.
上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(miss)


v 加强合作strengthen/ enhance one’s cooperation
如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless）


v 家喻户晓/众所周知As is known to all, …/ It is known to all that
众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(without)


v 坚守岗位keep to one’s post
无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。(no matter …)


v 竭尽所能do/ try ones best to do
我们应该竭尽所能是城市变得更美丽.（try）


v 落伍、落后fall/leave behind
我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知, 我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)


v 齐心协力work cooperatively/ with combined efforts
只要我们齐心协力，就能很快解决这个技术难题．



v 三言两语in a few words
这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too….to)


v 深受欢迎be very popular with sb.
这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎（popular）


v 特长、强项/弱点strong point/ weak point
应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)


v 玩火自焚those who play with fire will surely get burnt
他们应该从这件事中得出教训，玩火者必自焚。(burn)


v 无比自豪feel very proud of oneself/ be full of pride
导演得知自己的影片获奖, 感到无比自豪。(award)


v 使…心烦意乱upset sb.
这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)


v 一无所知be ignorant of sth.
我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知, 我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)


v 引人入胜attractive
这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that）


v 有求必应be always ready to help
我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。(satisfaction)


v 援助之手reach out your hands in aid of sb./ give sb. a helping hand
虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer)


v 乍一看at the first sight/ glance of sth.
乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。（there be）


v 山高林密 the high mountains and thick forests
尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）


v 一无所知
我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。（ignorant）



四、图片作文专题
知识点1：词汇升级
基本词汇 VS 高级词汇

基本表达
高级表达
我们要…
We should / We must/ We can
1. It would be better if we could…
2. It is highly desirable if we…
3. It is wise of us to …
4. It must be a wise choice for us to…
5. It is considerate of us to do
6. It is our duty / obligation (义务)to do …
7. …. is highly appreciated.
8. It is highly recommended that we…
我们不能/ 不应该
We shouldn’t / we mustn’t
Never should we …
On no account should we…
By no means should we …
Under no circumstances should we…
In no case should we…
(以上全都表示：在任何情况下我们都不能...) 用倒装句表示“不能”更加高级
重要的, 意义重大的
important
crucial / vital / critical
essential / significant
far-reaching (意义深远的)
be of great importance
be of profound significance
某物是最重要的
sth is the most important.
sth is the top priority. (重中之重)
sth is of vital importance.
我认为，我相信，我主张
I think / I believe
In my humble opinion
I maintain / hold / assert that
I am firmly convinced that
I hold strong belief that
I hold the opinion that
As far as I am concerned,…
I will definitely support the idea that…
From my points of view
In my perspective
支持，赞成，提倡
support / agree
I advocate the opinion that
I am in favor of the proposal that
I strongly recommend / suggest that
I sing high praise for sth
I think highly of
I speak highly of
It is high time that we did sth
高度重视,认为…很重要
consider sth as extremely important
lay/put/place great emphasis on
attach great importance to
put a high value on
反对，抵制
disagree
oppose/object to/resist the idea that
refute the opinion that（反驳…的观点）
询问
ask
consult sb (咨询某人)
turn to sb (for sth)
inquire sth / that (询问)
众所周知
we all know that
As is known to all,…
It is known to all that
It is generally accepted that
It is widely believed that
It is universally acknowledged that
It is common knowledge that
毫无疑问/很明显
no doubt
It goes without saying that
There is no denying that
It is undeniable that
There is no doubt that
Undoubtedly, …
Doubtless，…
Undeniably, …
It is self-evident that
It is apparent/obvious/clear that
说,告诉,表达

say / tell
voice one’s opinion
convey the idea that
deliver the message that
使用
use
make full/the best use of employ/apply/utilize/optimize
好处//优点

good side

strength / strong points / advantage / benefit / merit
坏处/缺点

bad side

weakness / weak points disadvantage / drawback / defect / flaw /deficiency
（某物，某个东西）很好
sth is good
sth is highly desirable.
sth is highly appreciated.
sth is highly valued.
某物被需要，很必要的
sth is required.
sth is indispensable.(不可或缺的)
sth is irreplaceable. (不可替代的)
sth is imperative. (必要的，势在必行的)
杰出的
famous
outstanding
world-renowned (世界文明的)
eminent (卓越的)
prestigious
某事不可取代的
can’t be replaced
sth is irreplaceable(不可取代的).
sth is indispensable (不可或缺的)
越来越多的人
more and more people
an increasing number of people
某物越来越受欢迎
sth is more and more popular
sth is enjoying increasing popularity.
爱好
hobby
inclination
have an inclination to do有做某事的爱好，倾向
被迫做某事
be forced to do
be compelled to do
个性
character
individuality
A数字超过了B
The number of A is larger than B
A outnumber B
A比B重要
A is more important than B
A outweigh B
Eg: The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
关于…不同的人有不同的看法
Different people have different opinions on sth
opinions on sth vary greatly from person to person

知识点2：图片作文
Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。

参考范文
As is vividly shown in the picture, when a young girl was riding a bike, almost all her family members were around, protecting her in case anything unexpected should happen, which did annoy the girl as she really wanted to manage it herself. It’s a common phenomenon that parents care too much about their children. As far as I’m concerned, I don’t think it wise for parents to overprotect their children. My reasons are listed as follows:
To begin with, too much love from parents will spoil a child and makes it hard for children to get along with others because a spoilt child is usually self-centered and unconfident. What’s more, if parents take pains to pave way for their children. Chances are that they will be at a loss as to how to deal with a tough problem in future, which will cause them to be eliminated from the fierce competition. Finally, overprotection will prevent children from further developing their overall ability, thus having a negative effect on their all-round development.
It’s high time for parents and children to think over this situation. As for parents，they ought to give children more space to try, to succeed and even to face up to the failure. And for children, it’s essential to be independent of their parents.
In conclusion, it’s parents’ duty to show love for their children; however, they should find the balance between holding and letting-go.









五、课后作业
作业1：
议论文
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was, thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.















说明文
Sales Strategies
How can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the sales person? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, or consultative?
The narrative “sales strategy” depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a number of prospects on which to call.
The “suggestive” approach is tailed more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.
The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored specifically to a customer’s needs.
More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles(无形资产) such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational and technical skills.

















记叙文
Hope
Nothing in my life had prepared for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year- old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke （中风）, that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay. “ “Maybe she will, “ I said, keeping back the tears. But I knew better. I was flying up to Mytle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.
The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.
A couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up! And then she preserved through a long and tough process of restoration to health, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amelia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as possible.
So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the years, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say, “Hope for the best, expect the worst?” That’s not really hope at all.
Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.








作业2：
翻译
1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)

2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)

3. 没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)

4. 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear)

5. 虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)


6.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。 （visit）

7.街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。 （bring）

8.在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。 （apology）

9.这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 （what）

10.申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。 （in order that）




作文
Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words, according to the topic given in Chinese.
简要描述图片并谈谈你的看法。