第4讲 形近词4+完形填空2+重点词组+建议信-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习必备（上海牛津版）

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第4讲 形近词4+完型填空2+重点词组+建议信 解析版
一、高考形近词
L
1). later adj/adv.后来,稍后
latter n.后者; adj.后来的,近来的
latest adj/adv.最近的,最新的
lately adv.最近,不久前

2) . lease n.租约; v.出租,租借
release v.释放;发表;发行;放开,松开
tease n/v.取笑,戏弄
cease v./n.停止,中止

3) live实况转播的
alive（表语）活着的
living（定语）活着的
lively生动的，活泼的

4) .logical 逻辑的（adj.）
loyal 忠诚的（adj.）

M
1). March n.三月
march n/v.前进;行军
match n/v.比赛;匹配

2). magnificent宏伟的
significant重要的

3). mortal adj.会死的; n.凡人
metal adj.金属的; n.金属
mental adj.神经的
medal n.勋章
model n.模特;adj.模范的
meddle v.玩弄,管闲事
middle n.中间

4) migrant n.移居者,候鸟;adj.移居的;流浪的
migrate v.移居
immigrate v.移入

5). misery 痛苦 （n.）
mercy 慈悲（n.）
N
1). nature 自然（n.）
nurture 养育，滋养（vt.）

二、语法填空
1. Not only is people such as Sostre exposed to the elements, but supplies of clean drinking water are inadequate and environmental health experts fear a public health emergency _________ be brewing(酝酿)
答案：should
解析：考察情态动词与虚拟语气。fear后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，故填should。
2. For China to be part of that international conversation, it is necessary that some level of English proficiency _______ be achieved.
答案：should
解析：考察情态动词，此处填should最合适。
3. Terror attacks in Egypt focus on police and military men in North.
答案：used to
解析：考查情态动词。空后跟的是动词原型，并且这里是一个简单句，不是主从复合句。在语法填空 的虚词题中只有情态动词能够在后面跟动词原型。因此这里我们需要一个情态动词。再根据句意之前 恐怖袭击只发生在北部的警察和官员身上，现在则是席卷全国并且目标也发生了变化。因此这里用 “used to”表示曾经。
4. One of the worst implications of having no sense of smell is a significant loss of taste. The taste of food is a combination of sensations from your tongue and, much more importantly, the smell of gases from what you are chewing. "Water, apple juice, onion juice. Never ______I tell the difference between them!" Max admits.
答案：can
解析：考察情态动词和倒装，我“不能够”区分所以用can，Never否定词放句首句子部分倒装。
5. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one __________ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
答案：must
解析：不难看出，29空have后是一个动词原形，所以这 里填情态动词。根据上文的fully, but, no以 及下文的but 来看，字里行间作者流露的语气很强势。所以本空填表猜 测，语气很强的情态动词， 填must最佳。
6. People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus destroying attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it ______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says，"It's fascinating."
答案：can
解析：本题很多同学填了may，都说是可能性。不错，确 实是可能性，不过要看这种可能性的依据 是什么。can 表示客观存在的可能性，可能性较大，语气较强；而且这 种可能性在上下文中几乎都是 通过科学研究，调查，实验等探求客观真理的科学研究手段体现出来的。而may的可能则是说话人或 作者主观认为的可能性，可能性小，语气弱。从本段来看，第一句话中tend to可以看出这是一种客观 的可能性，下文scientists是第一句中people的具体化，下文的show weakness是overestimate their ability to resist temptations的具体化，所以空缺部分所填情态 动词可能性的判断依据应该是和tend to的判断 依据同样 是客观的，所以can最佳。再回上文可以看到，本段的结论在上文有科学依据的，从第二段 的Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority等表达可以看出来。
7. William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps (阿尔卑斯山), built for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it __________ be so.
答案：must
解析：考察情态动词，“我认为它一定是这样的”，肯定推测，语气较强。
8. Although bargaining customs vary, a few rules of etiquette apply in most cultures. First, avoid wasting people's time. If you don't intend to make a purchase, don't start bargaining. While bargaining, it is OK to walk away. But once you agree to a price, you __________ buy the item.
答案：must
解析：考察情态动词“必须”。
9. European countries, Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Russian follow the United Nations Convention on Road Traffic. The convention used to say: “Every driver __________ at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals.”
答案：shall
解析：考察情态动词，因为前面有United Nations Convention，法律法规要用shall。
10. If you’re mainly going to the downtown, the buses and trains and taxis can pretty quickly move you around. To make it easy, we’ve pulled together a complete list of the transportation options for business on rental cars in Chicago. Of course, business travelers __________ also want to compare prices on rental cars in Chicago, especially if they need transportation to the surrounding suburbs.
答案：may
解析：考察情态动词，表示推测，“可能”。


完形填空高频词组
1. 以break为中心的词组
break  away from 脱离，逃离 break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚
break in 闯进，打断；使顺服 break  into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始
break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break the law 违反法律
break the  record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言
break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解

2. 以catch为中心的词组
be  caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨
catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车    catch a cold 伤风，感冒
catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见
catch up  with 赶上，追及，追上

3. 以come为中心的词组
come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付 come along  一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现
come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击 come back 回来；恢复，复原
come down  倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于
come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次 come into  being 发生，产生，出现，形成
come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into use 开始使用，获得应用 
come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出
come to know 开始了解到 come out  出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露
come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于 come to an end 终止，结束
come  true 实现，成为现实；证实 come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽

4. 以do为中心的词组
be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束
do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于
do its work 有效，有作用 do much 极有用
do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为
do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人
do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人  
do  well in 学得不错，干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理
do without 不需要，不用 do wonders 创造奇迹  
have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关
have  something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下
That will  do. 行了；够了

5. 以get为中心的词组
get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传 get above oneself  自视高傲
get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解
get ahead  of 胜过，超过 get along 前进，进步；同意；离去
get along with 与~~相处 get at  发现，了解；掌握；攻击
have got to do 不得不，必须 get away 离开，逃脱
get back 取回，回来；报复 get  behind 落后；识破
get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁 get down to 认真对待，静下心来
get familiar  with 熟悉 get hold of 获得，取得
get home 到家 get in 进入，陷入；牵涉
get off  送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处
get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功 get  one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯
get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休 get over  越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成
get ready for 为~~作准备 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱
get through  到达，完成，通过；及格 get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见
get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织  
get used to 习惯于

6. 以give为中心的词组
be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配；传播
give and take 相互迁就 give  away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发
give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由
give ear to 侧耳倾听 give  forth 发出，放出；发表
give in 屈服，让步，投降 give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步
give off 发出（烟，气味）    give oneself out to be/as 自称为
give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首 give out  分发，公布
give place to 让位于，被~~所替代 give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生
give sb. to  understand 通知某人 give up 放弃；停止
give way to 让步，退却；屈服于
 
7. 以look为中心的词组
look  about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管
look around 东张西望 look at 注视，着眼于
look  back 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望
look down on 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待
look  into 窥视；调查；浏览 look like 看起来象
look on 旁观；面向 look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防
look  over 从上面看过去；检查 look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览
look up to 仰望，尊敬  

8. 以make为中心的词组
be  made from 由~~原料制成 be made of 由~~材料制成
be made up of 由~~组成 make a fool of  愚弄，欺骗
make a mistake 弄错 make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持
make  advantages/use of 使用，利用 make after 追求，追赶
make believe 假装 make certain  确信，把~~弄清楚
make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系 make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于
make  friends with 和~~交友 make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为
make much of 重视；理解；赏识 make  one’s mind on sth. 决定某事
make one’s own 当作自己的看待 make oneself at home  随便，别拘束
make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认 make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视
make up  弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装
make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱 make way for 为~~让路，让路于
on  the make 急求成功；增加

9. 以put为中心的词组
put aside  把~~放在一边；搁置；排除 put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉
put back 把~~放回原处；驳回 put  down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落
put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议 put ~~ into  把~~放入；插入；翻译成
put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞 put on 上演；穿上，带上
put up with 忍受，容忍  put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志
put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列

10. 以take为中心的词组
be  taken aback 吃惊 take a seat 就坐 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡
take aim 瞄准，设立目标 take  away 拿走，减去；夺去
take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜 take one’s place 就坐，入坐
take care  of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责
take office 就职，上任 take ~~ for 把~当作
take off  脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱
take one’s temperature 量体温 take part in  参与，参加
take it easy 别着急，慢慢来 take place = happen 发生，举行
take the place of  代替 take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲
take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊

11. 以turn为中心的词组
give  a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法 in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事
out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的    take one’s turn to do 轮到做
turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见 turn against  背叛，采取敌对态度
turn back 折回，往回走 turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑
turn into 走进；变成，变为  turn to ~~for help 求助于
turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产
turn on  打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于
turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向 turn out  培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是
turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是
turn over a new leaf  翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新
turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策
turn to 变成；着手于 turn  upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

三、习惯搭配/常识背景
在解题时注意习惯性搭配，特别是动词和名词的组合，以及常识/背景知识的运用判断。
例1：There seem to be a lot of obvious （42）_____ of taking notes on a computer. For one, it is easy to save the notes in a place where you can （43）_____ them later. For another, you will be able to read your notes later especially if your handwriting is poor. (南洋中学2017高三上学期期中考试)
42. A. approaches B. benefits C. equivalents D. guidelines
43. A. find B. give C. take D. use
答案解析：
42根据后文，这里应该是在电脑上记笔记的好处，benefits of doing sth做某事的好处。选B。
43 这里用到习惯搭配，把笔记放到稍后可以找到的地方，不是可以用的地方。选A。
例2：“The ability of role models, in portraits and more importantly in the flesh, to influence gender （41）_____ is both encouraging and muddy,” says Iris Bohnet, professor of public policy at Harvard University’s Kennedy School.
......
Ms Bohnet cites the Panchayati Raj act, a constitutional amendment in India introduced in 1993, which
（43）_____that village councils needed to reserve one-third of their seats, and one-third of their council leader positions, for women.
41. A. difference B. discrimination C. equality D. diversity
43. A. implied B. advised C. challenged D. ordered
答案解析：
1A. difference 不同B. discrimination 歧视 C. equality平等D. diversity多样性。句意是一些女性的示范的作用是影响由来已久的男女歧视，故选B。
3根据句意，A. implied 暗示B. advised建议C. challenged挑战D. ordered 命令 因为这句话主语是法令，法令的作用是命令，故选D。
例3：In order to arrest a person, the police（45）_____ be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed.
45 A. are obliged to B. might as well C. are entitled to D. are qualified to
答案解析：根据常识，A. are obliged to有义务的B. might as well 不妨C. are entitled to有资格的，有权的D. are qualified to有资格的，警察有义务去在逮捕一个人前，合法怀疑他。故选A。
例4：(51）_____ for many years, these monuments built for a 12th century king attract more than two million visitors every year.
51. A. Independent B. Unexpected C. Undeniable D. Inaccessible
答案解析：根据句意和常识，很多年不可进入，所以这个纪念馆现在吸引了很多游客。故选D。

四、词义辨析（形近词、短语）
掌握常见形近词和短语
例1：Students did about equally well on the factual questions (47）_____ how they took notes. However, the students did much better on the conceptual questions when they took notes by hand than when they took them using the laptop.
47. A. owing to B. regardless of C. in the form of D. in relation to
答案解析：根据词义，学生在事实问题上做的一样好，无论他们是怎么做笔记的。选B。
例2：In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled extensively to explore ancient sites. Digs that are still （56）_____began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79.
56. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control
答案解析：根据词义，根据词义，应该是仍在发展中的时候，被掩埋了。选A。
例3：The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American Jaw, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. (44）_____ it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty.
44. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. In addition D. In other words
答案解析：根据词义，都是连接词，根据意思判断出应该是换言之法庭有责任去证明此人是否有罪。选A。
例4：The plant loves the sun and flourishes along beaches, in fields, and by roadsides. It also grows （49）_____ in light shade and is often found in parks and pine forests.
49. A. very poor B. very good C. quite well D. quite worse
答案解析：根据词义，长得好，而且要选择副词。选C。


五、重点单词&词组重要考点汇编
1.越来越多的市民有望参与到全民健身活动中来。 (expect)
More and more citizens are expected to participate in the national fitness program
2.现在很多学生沉迷于网络世界，网上聊天代替了面对面交流，这让家长和老师们忧心忡忡。(substitute)
Now many students are addictive to (obsessed with) online world, substituting face-to-face communication with online chatting, which makes parents and teachers concerned (worried).
3.缺乏合作意识是他上月竞选失败的原因。（lack）
His lack of cooperation consciousness/ awareness accounted for/ resulted in/ brought about/caused / contributed to his failure in the election last month.
That he lacked cooperation consciousness was the reason why he lost the election last month.
4.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。（prefer）
I prefer to do more sports rather than go on a diet to lose weight.
I prefer doing more sports to going on a diet to lose weight
5.在业余时间，汤姆通过替在外出差的人遛狗来赚取零用钱。(spend)
Tom spends his spare time walking dogs for those on business trips to earn pocket money.
6.他一直提醒自己不要对他人太苛刻。(hard)
He keeps reminding himself not to be (too) hard on others
7.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。（popular）
Going on a holiday with their family members is becoming more and more/increasingly popular.

六、应用文专题
知识点1：高考加分背诵篇
1. I’m very satisfied with what we have achieved so far.
到目前为止，我对我们取得的成绩很是满意。
更多表示“决心”的高级句型：
I’m determined to…
I have made up my mind to complete the task.

2. The city is located on the banks of the Long River.
这个城市位于长江畔。

3. I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.
两星期前收到了你的来信，我真是太高兴了。

4. I’m writing to request more information about the day tour to London.
我写信是为了了解更多去伦敦旅行的信息。

5. Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to carry mobile phones to school.
最近，我们班展了开一场讨论，是关于中学生是否有必要带手机去上学。

6. I wonder if you could tell me more about the trip.
我不知道你是否方便多告诉我一些有关旅行的事。

7. It is certain that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
可以肯定，如果开车的人少一些，空气污染就一定会减少。

8. I personally feel that teacher is the most important profession in the world.
我个人认为教师是世界上最重要的职业。

9. We can’t imagine what the world is going to be without purified water.
我们无法想象没有纯净的水，这个世界会变成生么样子。

10. I was walking east along Park Road, when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
当我沿着公园路往东走的时候，有一个老人在街的另一边从公园里走出来。

11. In the big city, there are more schools and hospitals are available for its people.
在大城市，有更多的学校和医院供人们使用。

12. Some people think that we should read extensively.
有一些人认为，我们应该有选择性地阅读。

13.In my opinion, you should come back after you finish you studies abroad.
在我看来，你结束留学后应该回国。

14. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after you parents as they are getting old.
另一个原因，我认为你回国可以更方便地照顾你日渐年迈的父母。

15. Classes in our school usually finish at four in the afternoon.
我们学校通常下午四点下课。

16. I am so sorry that I won’t be able to attend tomorrow’s lecture on American history.
我很抱歉，明天我不能参加那场关于美国历史的演讲。

17. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.
花在教育锻炼上的时间是25分钟，只有12分钟的时间用来做家务。

18. Maybe you forgot you spent the money on something else yesterday afternoon.
你可能忘了昨天下午你花钱买了其他东西。

19. Good habits are the crosscut to success.
好习惯是成功的捷径。

20. I was deeply moved by the young boy, because I know Lei Feng is still living in our hearts.
那个年轻的小男孩深深地感动着我，因为我相信雷锋一直活在我们的心中。

知识点2：建议信
写作模板：
Nowadays, ___is becoming more and more popular, especially in _____.
Obviously, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. 论点1.论据1 . What's more, 论点2.论据2.
However, Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", 话题 is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, 缺点一. In addition, 缺点二.
Therefore, _________ should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles. The best policy, as I see it, is to take into consideration ________and______. Personally, I choose________.

Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.
Studying Abroad: Hardships and Rewards. You should write at least 150 words:
　　1. 出国留学有很多好处
　　2. 出国留学也会遇到很多难题
3. 你的选择

参考范文
There is no doubt that studying abroad is a hot topic today. Obviously, studying abroad has a number of advantages. In the first place, studying abroad can widen our vision and broaden our minds. Students can have access to advanced science and technology and be exposed to entirely new ideas and trends , which will benefit them a lot in the future. In the second place, while studying in a foreign country, we can travel widely, visiting famous scenic spots and making friends with the local people. Last but not least, by living and studying in a foreign country, one can improve his foreign language much faster than at home.
　　Nevertheless, as every coin has two sides, studying abroad also confronts one with a series of hardships. For one thing, the most serious problem is the language barrier. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not have good command of English and as a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to communicate with local people. For another, a completely new environment with different customs and habits may also be a barrier to overseas students, especially to the young. An added difficulty is money: it can cost a lot to study abroad.
　　Therefore, studying abroad should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles. The best policy, I think, is to take into consideration his financial conditions and his ability to adapt to new surroundings. Personally, If finance permitting, I choose to go abroad and study .


七、课后作业
1. At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. “I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away. ______I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.
答案：May
解析：考察情态动词。表示“许可”。
2. Those seated at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it while diners seated at bright bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts. According to the researchers, the darker it is, the more invisible you ______ feel, the less easy it is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you are when you eat more.
答案：may
解析：考察情态动词。表示推测“可能”。
3. Her advice to other student innovators? “Start now. There _______ be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think ‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ Others may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do whatever you want. Just go ahead.”
答案：can/shall/should
解析：考察情态动词。表示推测“可能”。
4. RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept that their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They ________ allow travelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. Wherever you park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.
答案：can
解析：考察情态动词。表示“能力”
5. It was spotted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work’s lower foreground. “Looking at the painting with the microscope, I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it _________ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.
答案：must
解析：考察情态动词。表示对过去事情的推测“一定”，语气较强。
6. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government _________ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.
答案：could
7. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm. Since its introduction, the money’s price has increased to rates as high as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and __________ crash soon. It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be out of our reach.
答案：may
解析：考察情态动词。表示推测。


完形填空
A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not (41）_____ anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, are (42）_____ to their pets.
This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or, at least, are (43）_____ less nutritious. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, (44）_____ veterinary(兽医的) bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel (45）_____ with this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is (46）_____ for me to get hot under the collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog home.
There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets (47）_____. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies --- a disease with no known cure --- that has made the English government impose strict (48）_____ on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently (49）_____ a number of homeless dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourist immediately wrote letters to the newspapers (50）_____ about mass murder.
Another problem is the (51）_____ of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually pester their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just (52）_____ it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not (53）_____ at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.
(54）_____, I would only suggest that we have got our （55）______ wrong and that something should be done about it.
41.
A. alert
B. surprise
C. disappoint
D. interest
42.
A. hostile
B. polite
C. subject
D. available
43.
A. seldom
B. far
C. frequently
D. totally
44.
A. in spite of
B. regardless of
C. not to mention
D. rather than
45.
A. delighted
B. patient
C. concerned
D. unsatisfied
46.
A. usual
B. natural
C. ridiculous
D. essential
47.
A. inevitable
B. understandable
C. unacceptable
D. common
48.
A. orders
B. punishments
C. treatments
D. restrictions
49.
A. cured
B. destroyed
C. enclosed
D. drove
50.
A. inquiring
B. caring
C. worrying
D. complaining
51.
A. thoughtlessness
B. hesitation
C. expectation
D. kindness
52.
A. isolate
B. scold
C. desert
D. bind
53.
A. funny
B. sweet
C. precious
D. loving
54.
A. Nevertheless
B. Moreover
C. Therefore
D. Meanwhile
55.
A. mind
B. behavior
C. love
D. priority

【答案】41-45 BCACD 46-50 BCDBD 51-55 ACBCD
【分析】41.根据句意判断，理解为“虽然这很震惊，但是对于看见爱宠人士准备的狗狗客厅也不需要惊讶”，空格处与shocking相呼应，surprise有使。。惊讶，所以答案选B。
42. 根据句意判断，理解为“只有美国人用这种特别的方式去对待他们的小朋友吗，不，英国人也是被他们的宠物支配”，联系上文为宠物准备狗狗客厅来让狗狗休息，所以这里就是指被宠物所支配，所以答案为C。
43. 根据句意判断，理解为“我们可以清楚看到宠物的食物中都富含比人类食物多的维他命，至少，不会比人类食物少的营养物质”，所以答案为A。
44. 根据句意判断，理解为“去年英国公众花了2亿英镑在宠物食物上，更不要说在兽医的费用和宠物家具上了”，所以答案为C。
45. 根据句意判断，前文在说英国人在宠物身上花费了很多钱，这句可理解为“这很难不让人感觉不开心，如果有同样这些钱可以给挨饿受饥以及贫穷的人”，所以答案为D。
46. 根据句意判断，前一句表达了英国人在宠物身上花了很多钱，这很难不让人感觉不开心，如果有同样这些钱可以给挨饿受饥以及贫穷的人，所以“当我看到老人把自己所有的钱都花在了宠物的房子上时，对我来说让人很生气是很自然的事”，所以答案选择b。
47. 根据后文文意判断，宠物会引起很多疾病以及其他危害，所以此句话可理解为“我发现有许多原因为什么英国的宠物不被接受”，所以答案为C。
48. 根据句意判断，前文指出动物会引发无法治愈的疾病，所以英国政府对于动物进入联合国有严格的限制，所以答案为D。
49. 后文中mass murder，与其对应的是destroy，所以答案为B。
50. 根据句意判断，前文西班牙政府对流浪狗进行了屠杀，那此句理解为“英国旅游者写信给报社来关心此事”，所以答案为B.
51. 根据后文文意判断，后文提到家长对于孩子想要宠物就不经深思熟虑就满足了孩子，thoughtlessness意为欠考虑的，所以答案为A。
52. 根据句意判断，前一句理解为“在把小宠物带回家以后，他们才意识到要花多少时间和金钱在宠物身上，然后他们可能就会遗弃宠物”，所以答案为C。
53. 根据句意判断，后文“英国农夫每年丢失的数百只羊是被一些恩的宠物杀死的，一些孩子也可能被宠物伤害”，所以宠物没有我们想象的那么甜，答案为B。
54. 根据句意判断，最后一段是总结，therefore是因此的意思，所以答案为C。
55. 根据句意判断，全文都在表达有的人把宠物放在第一位，但是宠物带来的危害也有很多，最后一段总结“我只是建议我们把优先次序搞错了，并且有些事需要去改变”，意为我们不应该把宠物放第一位，priority意为优先次序，所以答案为D。

翻译：
1.家用轿车普及带来的便利不容否认，但随之产生的能源浪费、空气污染和交通拥堵等问题发人深省。（While）
While there is no denying the fact that the popularity of private cars brings convenience, waste of energy, air pollution and traffic jams are thought-provoking.
2.一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。（honor）
An oil painting was given/presented to the gallery in honor of /to honor/honoring the precious friendship between the two cities.
3.这位年轻的科学家把获得的众多突出成就归功于从高中时期开始就博览群书、做事持之以恒、不甘落后。（owe)
The young scientist owed the many outstanding achievements he had made to the fact that since high school, he had been reading widely, always persevered in whatever he was doing and unwilling to lag behind.
4.现如今人们越来越关注自己的生活品质。（concerned）
Nowadays, people are more and more concerned about the quality of their life.
5.春游的小学生们没能抵制住商贩们的花言巧语。（resist）
The children going out for a spring outing couldn’t resist the words of the dealers.
6.永远不要对你孩子的缺点熟视无睹。(blind)
Never turn a blind eye to your kid’s shortcoming(s).
7.申请人必须精通英语，否则他无法胜任这个岗位。(command)
The applicant must have a good command of English / command English well, or he won’t be qualified for the job.
作文：
Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words, according to the topic given in Chinese.
你的好友因家境一般买不起名牌而闷闷不乐。给他写封信，谈谈你的看法和建议。 
收信人： 徐海青
寄信人： 黄平(不可用自己的真实姓名)
写信日期：   2021年6月8日
June 8, 2021
Dear Xu Haiqing,
You said in your letter that many of your classmates were wearing fashionable clothes, but you couldn’t afford to buy the best brands. So you felt very depressed. There are different views on people’s wear. The following are my ideas about it.
Firstly, you shouldn’t put too much emphasis on physical appearance. You must always remember the most important task for you today is to concentrate your attention on your studies. No matter what you wear, you will really look your best when you come out first in your examinations.
A famous saying goes, “Frugality（节俭、节省） is the mother of virtue.” So, secondly, you must understand that it is a fine virtue to learn live in frugality. Since your family is not able to provide you with enough money to buy clothes of the best brands, it is all the more necessary for you to try every means to lighten the financial burden of your family. You will find the virtue of frugality will benefit you a lot in your later life.
I hope you understand what I mean. I am sure you will take a positive attitude towards life and will be happy again when you read my letter.