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2022届高考英语（全国甲卷、乙卷）二轮复习模拟试卷（第十九套）
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2022年高考英语二轮复习模拟试卷（第十九套）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ultimate Drivers
Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.
What We Offer
Ultimate Driver’s Program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What’s more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need Know
Students can complete the classroom part of the course in just Iwo weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they’ll receive student testimonials(证明书). The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn’t have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!
1. How many times does the program offer in-class training?
A. 20. B. 12. C. 10. D. 8.
2. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons?
A. Get the G1 license. B. Finish the classroom part.
C. Take out insurance. D. Receive a student testimonial.
3. What type of writing is the text?
A. A review. B. An advertisement. C. A guide. D. An announcement.
【文章大意】Ultimate Drivers 为初学驾驶的青少年设立专门的课程，他们可以从中学习有关驾驶的知识和技能，完成课程者还可以获得学生证书。
1. C【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据What We Offer 部分的“The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training”“Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes”可知，该课程提供10次（20×60÷120=10）课内培训。
2. A【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据What You Need Know 部分的“Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons”可知，学生开始车内驾驶课程时需要取得G1许可证。
3. B【关键能力】考查理解文章类型的能力。
【解题思路】结合全文内容尤其是最后一段“Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!”可知，本文应是 Ultimate Drivers推出的广告。
B
Most people don’t know about Samuel Pierpont Langley. And back in the early 20th century, the pursuit(追求) of man-powered flight was so common. Almost everybody was trying it, including Samuel Pierpont Langley whom people supposed to make it.
I mean, even now, when you ask people “why did your product or your company fail”, people always give you the following things they thought key: undercapitalized, the wrong people, and bad market conditions. It’s always the same, so let’s explore that.
Samuel Pierpont Langley was given 50,000 dollars by the War Department to develop his flying machine and held a seat at Harvard and worked at the Smithsonian and was extremely well-connected. He employed the best minds and the market conditions were fantastic. The media followed him around everywhere, and everyone was rooting for Langley.
Meanwhile, a few hundred miles away in Dayton, Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright aimed at flights, too. They had no money. Not a single person on the Wright brothers’ team had a college education, not even Orville or Wilbur. Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause and a belief. They believed that if they could get their flying machine in the air, it would change the course of the world.
Samuel Pierpont Langley was different. He was just in pursuit of a result and wanted to be famous. The people who believed in the Wright brothers’ dream worked with them with blood and sweat and tears. And, eventually, on December 17th, 1903, the Wright brothers successfully flew in their plane. When Langley heard of the Wright brothers’ accomplishment, he simply quit. He could have said, “That’s an amazing discovery, and I will improve upon your technology,” but he didn’t.
Sometimes, people don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. If you talk about what you believe in, you will attract those who believe in what you are trying to do.
4. What can we learn about Langley?
A. He managed to fly in his plane. B. He got lots of help from society.
C. He prepared fully to make planes. D. He had everything going for him.
5. What’s the biggest difference between the Wright brothers and Langley?
A. Their motivation. B. Efforts they paid. C. Their confidence. D. Unity of their team.
6. How does the author mainly develop this text?
A. By introducing a concept. B. By analyzing reasons.
C. By presenting the process. D. By making comparisons.
7. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To tell stories behind the flight’s birth. B. To show the true recipe for success.
C. To encourage people to believe in themselves. D. To reveal the link between success and failure.
【文章大意】作者通过对比塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利和莱特兄弟的例子，论证成功的要素不在于人们通常认为的财力、人力和市场情况，而在于目标和信念。
4. D【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“the following things they thought key: undercapitalized, the wrong people, and bad market conditions”和第三段的内容可知，兰利获得了军方的资金支持，拥有人脉和人才，且市场条件良好，媒体在跟踪他的进展，他也得到每个人的支持。也就是说，兰利拥有人们公认的成功的三大要素，拥有所有对他有利的东西，故选D。
5. A【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的“Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause and a belief. They believed that if they could get their flying machine in the air, it would change the course of the world”及第五段中的“Samuel Pierpont Langley was different. He was just in pursuit of a result and wanted to be famous”可知，兰利是为了追求出名这一结果，而莱特兄弟想着改变世界，故他们最大的区别在于做事的动机不同，故选A。
6. D【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】阅读全文内容可知，兰利拥有人们公认的成功的三大要素，而莱特兄弟不具备任何成功条件，结果刚好相反，莱特兄弟成功了，兰利却放弃了。由此可推知，作者主要是通过作比较的方式来写作本文的，故选D。
7. B【关键能力】考查理解目的的能力。
【解题思路】根据文章第二段和最后一段的内容，以及塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利和莱特兄弟的例子的对比可知，作者写作本文是为了说明成功的秘诀——目标和信念，故选B。
C
Climate change is starving polar bears into extinction(灭绝), according to research published Monday that predicts the species could all but disappear within the length of a human lifetime. They are already caught up in violent decline, with shrinking sea ice cutting short the time bears have for hunting seals, scientists reported.
On current trends, the study concluded, polar bears in 12 of 13 subpopulations analyzed will have been decreased greatly within 80 years by climate change in the Arctic, which is warming three times as fast as the planet. “By 2100, new births will be severely reduced or impossible everywhere except perhaps in the Queen Elizabeth Island subpopulation in Canada’s Arctic Archipelago,” said Steven Amstrup, who led the study and is chief scientist of Polar Bears International.
The threat is not rising temperatures but the bears’ inability to adapt to a rapidly shifting environment. Half of Earth’s land-based megafauna(大型哺乳动物群) are classified as threatened with extinction, but only polar bears are endangered primarily by warming. But that status may not be unique for long. And it should be seen as a warning that action needs to be taken to prevent its further damage.
Polar bears are in “weak” status — less severe than “endangered” or “critically endangered” — on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity, but the fact is more serious. Categories established by the IUCN are based mainly on threats such as hunting and loss of living places that can be addressed with local action on the ground.
“But we cannot build a fence to protect sea ice from rising temperatures,” said Amstrup. “Terrible prediction for polar bears has led to the thinking of alternative solutions, such as captive breeding(圈养养殖) programs or airlifts to Antarctica, but there is no ‘Plan B’. The only way to save them is to protect their living places by stopping global warming.”
8. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A. Megafauna are adapting to global warming. B. Climate change will affect other animals soon.
C. Sea ice shrinking is getting common worldwide. D. Polar bears will be helped out of trouble quickly.
9. What can we learn about the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species?
A. It fails to reflect polar bears’ situation accurately.
B. It considers climate change an important criterion.
C. It provides the guide to protecting biological diversity.
D. It ranks animals based on hunting and loss of living places.
10. What’s Amstrup’s attitude to the alternative ways of protecting polar bears?
A. Concerned. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
11. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Shrinking sea ice starves polar bears of food B. Polar bears are included on the IUCN Red List
C. The Arctic warms faster than the whole planet D. Climate change may wipe out polar bears by 2100
【文章大意】科学家的新研究发现，北极熊很可能撑不过这个世纪了。
8. B【关键能力】考查理解句意的能力。
【解题思路】画线句前提到地球上有一半的陆地大型哺乳动物被归类为濒危物种，但只有北极熊主要是因为气候变暖而濒临灭绝，下文建议采取措施阻止气候变暖的进一步危害，故画线句表示北极熊很快将不是唯一因为气候变暖而濒临灭绝的动物，即还会有其他动物因气候变暖而濒临灭绝，故选B。
9. A【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据题干中的 the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species将解题信息定位至第四段，由该段中的“Polar bears are in ‘weak’ status — less severe than ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’”“but the fact is more serious”可知，北极熊在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名单上属于“脆弱”等级，但实际上北极熊的困境要严重得多。由此可推知，世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名单并没有准确反映北极熊的困境，故选A。
10. C【关键能力】考查理解态度的能力。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“Terrible prediction for polar bears has led to the thinking of alternative solutions ... but there is no ‘Plan B’. The only way to save them is to protect their living places by stopping global warming”可知，有关北极熊的可怕预测导致了人们对替代方案的思考，如人工饲养项目或将北极熊空运到南极洲，但事实上并没有次选方案。拯救北极熊的唯一方法是通过阻止全球变暖来保护它们的栖息地。由此可知，Amstrup对保护北极熊的可替代方法持否定的态度，故选C。
11. D【关键能力】考查理解主旨要义的能力。
【解题思路】综观全文，尤其是第一段中的“Climate change is starving polar bears into extinction(灭绝)…lifetime”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家预测因全球气候变暖，北极冰川融化，北极熊很可能将因缺少食物在2100年前面临灭绝。故选D。wipe out“彻底消灭，全部摧毁”。
D
Full stops frighten young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of a strong feeling of being annoyed, according to linguistic(语言学的) experts. They are now investigating why teens regard a correctly-punctuated text in such a way.
As stated by experts, when having couples of thoughts, youngsters used to communicating electronically tend to break up their thoughts and text one of them at a time, rather than using a full stop, which they use only to signal they are annoyed. Some have said the full stop is not needed or necessary when texting because the message is ended just by sending it.
According to The Telegraph, Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland, said, “If you send a text message without a full stop, it’s already obvious that you’ve concluded the message.” A linguist from the University of Cambridge, Owen McArdle, told the newspaper, “I’m not sure I agree about emails. I guess it depends how formal they are. But full stops are, in my experience, very much the exception and anything but prevalent in young people’s instant messages, and have a new role in signaling an abrupt or angry tone of voice.”
And the potential change in the role of the full stop, in relation to online communication, has been debated by linguists for years. Professor David Crystal, one of the world’s leading language experts, argues that the usage of full stops is being “revised in a really fundamental way”. In his book, Making a Point: The Persnickety Story of English Punctuation, he wrote, “You look at the Internet or any instant messaging exchange — anything that a fast dialogue is taking place. People simply do not put full stops in, unless they want to make a point. The full stop is now being used in those circumstances as a way to express their feelings.”
12. How do the young find the full stop in electronic communication?
A. It’s a call for opinions. B. It’s a signal of conclusion.
C. It’s an emotion marker. D. It’s a must-have punctuation.
13. What will the young do if they have many thoughts?
A. Send the messages separately. B. Pass them on as a whole.
C. Add a conclusion at the end. D. Divide them with full stops.
14. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 3?
A. Strange. B. Formal. C. Common. D. Acceptable.
15. What might Professor David Crystal agree with?
A. Fast dialogues are more and more popular. B. Full stops are being given a new meaning.
C. The Internet has changed the way we communicate. D. Written language is becoming non-standard.
【文章大意】语言学家表示，社交媒体交流中年轻人认为用句号来结束一句话，不再意味着句子的结束，而是表示“一种生硬或愤怒的语气”。
12. C【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据第一段中的“they are interpreted as a sign of a strong feeling of being annoyed”“teens regard a correctly-punctuated text in such a way”可知，年轻人在社交媒体上把句号看作一种情绪符号。故选C。
13. A【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“when having couples of thoughts, youngsters used to communicating electronically tend to break up their thoughts and text one of them at a time, rather than using a full stop” 可知，当有多种想法时，习惯用电子设备交流的年轻人会将他们的想法分开，逐条发送，而不是使用句号。故选A。
14. C【关键能力】考查理解词汇的能力。
【解题思路】根据语境及画线词前的“I’m not sure I agree about emails. I guess it depends how formal they are. But full stops are, in my experience, very much the exception”和画线词后的“have a new role in signaling an abrupt or angry tone of voice”可知，句号扮演了新的角色，表示一种生硬或愤怒的语气，在年轻人的即时通信中用得很少，很不常见。由此可推知，prevalent的含义应是“普遍的，盛行的”，common与之含义相似，故选C。
15. B【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“the usage of full stops is being ‘revised in a really fundamental way’”“The full stop is now being used in those circumstances as a way to express their feelings”可知，Professor David Crystal认为句号的用法确实被改变了，现在句号被用于表达情感，由此可推知，句号被赋予新的意义，故选B。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
World Tourism Day 2020, with the theme of “Tourism and Rural Development”, celebrates the unique role tourism plays in providing opportunities outside of big cities and preserving cultural and natural heritage(遗产) worldwide.
16 Countries around the world are looking to tourism to drive recovery from a global crisis of the rapidly spreading virus, including in rural communities where the industry is a leading employer and economic foundation.
17 It is estimated that by 2050, 68% of the world population will live in urban areas, while 80% of those currently living in “extreme poverty” live outside of towns and cities. Tourism offers young people in rural areas a chance to earn a living without having to leave their home.
World Tourism Day 2020 is once again celebrated by UNWTO’s Member States in global regions as well as by organizations and individual tourists. It comes as communities in rural areas are struggling with the crisis. 18 And both the short-term and long-term impacts brought by it hit them harder and more severely. This is due to a number of factors, including their aging populations, lower income levels and the continuing “digital divide”. 19
For the first time in the 40-year history of World Tourism Day, the official celebration is not hosted by a single Member State of the United Nations specialized agency. 20 This co-hosting agreement shows the spirit of international unity that runs through tourism and which UNWTO has recognized as essential for recovery.
A. Tourism is a good way to get rid of poverty.
B. Tourism offers an answer to all of these challenges.
C. Much support is being given to the rural communities.
D. Development through tourism can keep rural communities alive.
E. Instead, a couple of nations from South America serve as joint hosts.
F. The communities are usually much less prepared to deal with the crisis.
G. The international day of tourism in 2020 comes at a very critical moment.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年世界旅游日的相关内容，包括其主题、举办单位、节日精神等。
16. G 根据下文中的“Countries around the world are looking to tourism to drive recovery from a global crisis of the rapidly spreading virus”可知，世界各国都希望通过旅游业来推动复苏，走出全球危机。由此可知，空处内容应有关2020年世界旅游日到来的时机，故选G项“2020年的世界旅游日到来时正值一个非常危急的时刻”。选项中的“at a very critical moment”与下文中的“a global crisis”相呼应。
17. D 根据下文中的“by 2050, 68% of the world population will live in urban areas, while 80% of those . . . live outside of towns and cities. Tourism offers young people in rural areas a chance to earn a living without having to leave their home”可知，尽管80%生活在“极端贫困”中的人目前生活在城镇以外，但是到2050年，68%的世界人口将生活在城市地区。而且，旅游业还给农村地区的年轻人提供了本地就业机会。由此可推知，本段主要介绍旅游业对农村发展的
影响，故D项“旅游业的发展可以保持农村社区的活力”概括了本段主旨。
18. F 根据上文中的“It comes as communities in rural areas are struggling with the crisis”和下文中的“And both the short-term and long-term impacts brought by it hit them harder and more severely”可知，农村地区的社区正苦苦挣扎于这一危机，故F项“这些社区在应对这一危机时通常更加没有准备”承上启下。
19. B 根据上文中的“This is due to a number of factors, including their aging populations, lower income levels and the continuing ‘digital divide’”可知，空处内容应该呼应前面提到的这些问题或挑战，故B项“旅游业为所有这些挑战提供了解决办法”承接上文。
20. E 根据上文中的“the official celebration is not hosted by a single Member State of the United Nations specialized agency”和下文中的“This co-hosting agreement”可知，空处应涉及官方庆祝活动的主办单位，故E项“相反，来自南美洲的几个国家成为联合东道主”符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I want to share something with you that happened to me yesterday. After taking my first-grade son to school, I thought I’d 21 the drive-through at our neighborhood coffee house to buy myself a coffee as a special
22 before a busy day with my 5-month-old. When I 23 the window to pay for my drink, I was 24 that the lady in front of me had 25 the bill for MY coffee and that of the other 26 behind me!
After the girl working at the window gave me a rough 27 , I realized this kind stranger wanted to “return the
28 “ — someone else had done that for her. Such a simple 29 can make so big a difference to another person.
It’s 30 . As silly as this might sound, it made me smile and 31 me that there are so many kind people out there. I wish I could have thanked her, but she had 32 by the time I finished. What an unexpected but 33 “act of kindness”.
Imagine what I did today after 34 my son at school? I went to that same drive-through 35 at the coffee house to buy myself and a 36 stranger a cup of coffee. When I told the girl at the window my 37 and said it was because someone had done that for me 38 , she smiled and said she’d heard about this sort of thing happening.
I’m not 39 if it’s the holidays or simply people “Paying It Forward”, but it’s a nice reminder that people are basically 40 .
21. A. stop by B. work at C. sit in D. allow for
22. A. arrangement B. congratulation C. bonus D. treat
23. A. opened B. hit C. reached D. slid
24. A. reminded B. informed C. promised D. suggested
25. A. mistaken B. noticed C. settled D. filled
26. A. cars B. bills C. items D. windows
27. A. service B. account C. evidence D. discount
28. A. care B. money C. fortune D. favor
29. A. explanation B. gesture C. description D. conversation
30. A. amazing B. confusing C. touching D. interesting
31. A. guaranteed B. shocked C. struck D. impressed
32. A. withdrawn B. continued C. refused D. departed
33. A. supported B. convinced C. copied D. appreciated
34. A. leaving behind B. dropping off C. calling on D. picking up
35. A. course B. street C. line D. court
36. A. penniless B. random C. worthy D. homeless
37. A. intention B. experience C. need D. entertainment
38. A. previously B. eventually C. actually D. regularly
39. A. afraid B. doubtful C. sure D. upset
40. A. generous B. grateful C. curious D. lovely
【文章大意】作者在咖啡馆买咖啡时，一位陌生女士帮作者付了咖啡钱。随后，作者得知，那位女士这样做的目的是回报别人对她的帮助。于是第二天，作者也以同样的行为去帮助他人，把那份善意传递下去。
21. A 根据上文中的“After taking my first-grade son to school”和下文中的“the drive-through at our neighborhood coffee house... my 5-month-old”可知，在送儿子去学校之后，作者打算顺路去附近咖啡馆的得来速买杯咖啡来款待自己。stop by“顺路造访”，符合语境。
22. D 根据下文中的“before a busy day with my 5-month-old”可知，作者接着要开始忙于照顾其5个月大的孩子，因此此处表示作者买咖啡来款待自己。treat“款待”，符合语境。
23. C 根据语境可知，此处指当作者到达售货窗口付账时。reach“到达，抵达”，符合语境。
24. B 作者被告知在她前面的一位女士已经为她的咖啡买过单了。inform“告知，通知”，符合语境。remind“提醒”；promise“承诺”；suggest“建议”。
25. C 参见上题解析。settle“结账”，符合语境。mistake“弄错”；fill“填补，满足”，fill the bill“符合要求，合格”。
26. A 那位女士不仅帮作者付了咖啡钱，也为作者后面的其他顾客付了咖啡钱。根据上文中的“the drive-through”可知，作者他们是在一个不必下车即可得到服务的地方买咖啡，此处用cars 指代车里的顾客。
27. B 根据下文内容“I realized this kind stranger wanted...someone else had done that for her”可知，此处表示听了在窗口工作的女孩的大致叙述（account）后。
28. D 根据下文中的“someone else had done that for her”可知，有人曾为那位女士付过钱，因此她想要回报别人的帮助。favor“帮助，恩惠”，符合语境。
29. B 如此简单的一个举动竟对另一个人产生了如此大的影响，这令作者感到惊奇。gesture“姿态，表示”，符合语境。
30. A 参见上题解析。amazing“令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的”。
31. C 根据下文中的“it’s a nice reminder”可知，此处指作者意识到世界上还有很多善良的人。strike“突然想到，一下子想起，猛地意识到”，符合语境。
32. D 根据上文中的“I wish I could have thanked her, but”和下文中的“by the time I finished”可知，此处表示作者原想去感谢她的，但是当作者买完咖啡时她已经离开了。depart“离开”，符合语境。withdraw“撤退”。
33. D 根据上文中的“thanked”和本文的主旨可知，此处表示一个意外但让人感激的善举。appreciate“感谢，感激”，符合语境。support“支持”；convince“使相信”；copy“模仿，效法”。
34. B 根据上文中的“After taking my first-grade son to school”可知，此处表示作者把她的儿子送到学校。drop off“顺便把……送到某处”，符合语境。leave behind“把……地在后面”；call on“拜访”；pick up“开车接人”。
35. C作者又来到那个得来速，加入排队买咖啡的队列。line“队，列，队伍”，符合语境。
36. B 根据上下文可知，作者想效仿昨天为她结账的那位陌生女士，随机帮一位陌生人买杯咖啡。random“随机的，任意的”，符合语境。penniless“一文不名的”；worthy“值得尊敬的，值得注意的”。
37. A 作者把她的计划（intention）告诉窗口的女孩。
38. A 上文提到，作者昨天来买咖啡时，一位陌生的女士帮她买了单。因此，此处指这是因为之前有人为作者买过单。previously“先前，以前”，符合语境。
39. C 作者并不确定为别人的咖啡买单这种善举是由于在节日期间，还是仅仅是因为人们在“传递善举”。sure“确信，有把握”，符合语境。
40. D 作者认为这种善意的传递是一个很好的提醒，告诉我们人性本善。此处呼应上文中的“there are so many kind people out there”，故lovely“亲切友好的”符合语境。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teaching agriculture to young, primary school students 41. (matter) a lot in real life. From flowers to potatoes, from cows and pigs to tractors and soil, children 42. (encourage) to know more about farming and gardening and therefore they can have new insights into their lives and the world around them.
The knowledge about agriculture 43. (teach) in primary school classrooms exposes young students to some
44. (practice) scientific procedures and shows them how to apply these lessons to daily life. For example, an agriculture instructor can 45. (clear) teach students about how bees make honey, how trees grow and make fruit, and how beans can be made into oil.
School gardens, 46. primary school students plant flowers, vegetables and trees, can serve as educational tools. From them, students get to know how things grow, live and die. Gardens can also assist young students 47.
(develop) both personally and socially by adding a helpful and fresh dimension 48. these agricultural subjects.
In addition, various inter-curricular programs in agricultural education help promote more 49. (participate) of primary school students in labor. They can develop skills in leadership and team building. They also learn about
50. importance of farming to a community, and learn to work together in planting gardens and in discovering how their community provides food for the public.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了从小学习农学的重要性及其益处。
41. matters 考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填 matters。
42. are encouraged 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语 children为复数形式，与encourage之间是被动关系，再结合语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填 are encouraged。
43. taught 考查非谓语动词。teach与knowledge之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填taught。
44. practical 考查形容词。空处修饰名词procedures，应用形容词，故填practical“切实可行的，有用的”。
45. clearly 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填clearly。
46. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。
47. to develop 考查非谓语动词。assist sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填 to develop。
48. to 考查介词。此处指通过增加实用、新颖的内容到农业科目中。add sth. to sth.是固定搭配。
49. participation 考查名词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词，表示“参与”，故填participation，该词为不可数名词。
50. the 考查冠词。此处特指农业对社区的重要性，故填定冠词the。the importance of“……的重要性”。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I received your e-mail yesterday, in which you express your enthusiasm for learning Chinese and said you had difficulties learning it. Now I’m writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary. Being the native speaker, I believe it is a helpful tool, especially for beginners like me. Firstly, it’s one of the most widely using dictionaries in China. It is well-known not only its wide range of vocabulary and for its precise explanation of each Chinese character. Besides, its reasonable price is undoubted an appealing factor. Hopefully that my suggestion will be useful to you. Remembering to write to me whenever you need my help.
第一处：express → expressed。时态错误。根据主句的时态和从句中的“and said”可知，此处也用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。
第二处：difficulties → difficulty。名词单复数错误。have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，此时 difficulty是不可数名词。
第三处：the → a。冠词错误。此处表示“作为一名……”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。
第四处：me → you。代词错误。根据语境可知，此处表示“像你一样的初学者”，故用you。
第五处：using → used。非谓语动词错误。dictionaries与use是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词used作前置定语。
第六处：only后加for。介词漏用。well-known for…，“以……而著称”。
第七处：and → but。并列连词错误。此处表示“不仅……而且……”，故用but与前面的 not only构成 not only...but
(also)...结构。
第八处：undoubted → undoubtedly。副词错误。此处修饰句子，故要用副词。undoubtedly“无疑”。
第九处：删除Hopefully后的that。连词多用。Hopefully是副词作状语，本句是个简单句，故that多余。
第十处：Remembering → Remember。祈使句错误。本句的主句是祈使句，故用动词原形。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席，你校将举行食品安全知识竞赛。请根据提示写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 竞赛目的；
2. 竞赛时间和地点；
3. 竞赛方式。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文展示】
Notice
Aimed at raising students’ awareness of food safety, a knowledge contest concerning the subject is to be held in our school.
The contest is scheduled in the school hall from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm on November 27th. It mainly consists of two rounds. First, all competitors are required to answer five questions about food safety. The top 20 competitors will have the opportunity to compete in the second round, where they will be asked another five more challenging questions. If you are interested, please sign up at the Student Union office before November 20th.
Looking forward to your active participation.
Student Union
2022年高考英语二轮复习模拟试卷（第十九套）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ultimate Drivers
Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.
What We Offer
Ultimate Driver’s Program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What’s more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need Know
Students can complete the classroom part of the course in just Iwo weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they’ll receive student testimonials(证明书). The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn’t have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!
1. How many times does the program offer in-class training?
A. 20. B. 12. C. 10. D. 8.
2. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons?
A. Get the G1 license. B. Finish the classroom part.
C. Take out insurance. D. Receive a student testimonial.
3. What type of writing is the text?
A. A review. B. An advertisement. C. A guide. D. An announcement.
【文章大意】Ultimate Drivers 为初学驾驶的青少年设立专门的课程，他们可以从中学习有关驾驶的知识和技能，完成课程者还可以获得学生证书。
1. C【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据What We Offer 部分的“The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training”“Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes”可知，该课程提供10次（20×60÷120=10）课内培训。
2. A【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据What You Need Know 部分的“Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons”可知，学生开始车内驾驶课程时需要取得G1许可证。
3. B【关键能力】考查理解文章类型的能力。
【解题思路】结合全文内容尤其是最后一段“Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!”可知，本文应是 Ultimate Drivers推出的广告。
B
Most people don’t know about Samuel Pierpont Langley. And back in the early 20th century, the pursuit(追求) of man-powered flight was so common. Almost everybody was trying it, including Samuel Pierpont Langley whom people supposed to make it.
I mean, even now, when you ask people “why did your product or your company fail”, people always give you the following things they thought key: undercapitalized, the wrong people, and bad market conditions. It’s always the same, so let’s explore that.
Samuel Pierpont Langley was given 50,000 dollars by the War Department to develop his flying machine and held a seat at Harvard and worked at the Smithsonian and was extremely well-connected. He employed the best minds and the market conditions were fantastic. The media followed him around everywhere, and everyone was rooting for Langley.
Meanwhile, a few hundred miles away in Dayton, Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright aimed at flights, too. They had no money. Not a single person on the Wright brothers’ team had a college education, not even Orville or Wilbur. Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause and a belief. They believed that if they could get their flying machine in the air, it would change the course of the world.
Samuel Pierpont Langley was different. He was just in pursuit of a result and wanted to be famous. The people who believed in the Wright brothers’ dream worked with them with blood and sweat and tears. And, eventually, on December 17th, 1903, the Wright brothers successfully flew in their plane. When Langley heard of the Wright brothers’ accomplishment, he simply quit. He could have said, “That’s an amazing discovery, and I will improve upon your technology,” but he didn’t.
Sometimes, people don’t buy what you do; they buy why you do it. If you talk about what you believe in, you will attract those who believe in what you are trying to do.
4. What can we learn about Langley?
A. He managed to fly in his plane. B. He got lots of help from society.
C. He prepared fully to make planes. D. He had everything going for him.
5. What’s the biggest difference between the Wright brothers and Langley?
A. Their motivation. B. Efforts they paid. C. Their confidence. D. Unity of their team.
6. How does the author mainly develop this text?
A. By introducing a concept. B. By analyzing reasons.
C. By presenting the process. D. By making comparisons.
7. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To tell stories behind the flight’s birth. B. To show the true recipe for success.
C. To encourage people to believe in themselves. D. To reveal the link between success and failure.
【文章大意】作者通过对比塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利和莱特兄弟的例子，论证成功的要素不在于人们通常认为的财力、人力和市场情况，而在于目标和信念。
4. D【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“the following things they thought key: undercapitalized, the wrong people, and bad market conditions”和第三段的内容可知，兰利获得了军方的资金支持，拥有人脉和人才，且市场条件良好，媒体在跟踪他的进展，他也得到每个人的支持。也就是说，兰利拥有人们公认的成功的三大要素，拥有所有对他有利的东西，故选D。
5. A【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据第四段中的“Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause and a belief. They believed that if they could get their flying machine in the air, it would change the course of the world”及第五段中的“Samuel Pierpont Langley was different. He was just in pursuit of a result and wanted to be famous”可知，兰利是为了追求出名这一结果，而莱特兄弟想着改变世界，故他们最大的区别在于做事的动机不同，故选A。
6. D【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】阅读全文内容可知，兰利拥有人们公认的成功的三大要素，而莱特兄弟不具备任何成功条件，结果刚好相反，莱特兄弟成功了，兰利却放弃了。由此可推知，作者主要是通过作比较的方式来写作本文的，故选D。
7. B【关键能力】考查理解目的的能力。
【解题思路】根据文章第二段和最后一段的内容，以及塞缪尔·皮尔庞特·兰利和莱特兄弟的例子的对比可知，作者写作本文是为了说明成功的秘诀——目标和信念，故选B。
C
Climate change is starving polar bears into extinction(灭绝), according to research published Monday that predicts the species could all but disappear within the length of a human lifetime. They are already caught up in violent decline, with shrinking sea ice cutting short the time bears have for hunting seals, scientists reported.
On current trends, the study concluded, polar bears in 12 of 13 subpopulations analyzed will have been decreased greatly within 80 years by climate change in the Arctic, which is warming three times as fast as the planet. “By 2100, new births will be severely reduced or impossible everywhere except perhaps in the Queen Elizabeth Island subpopulation in Canada’s Arctic Archipelago,” said Steven Amstrup, who led the study and is chief scientist of Polar Bears International.
The threat is not rising temperatures but the bears’ inability to adapt to a rapidly shifting environment. Half of Earth’s land-based megafauna(大型哺乳动物群) are classified as threatened with extinction, but only polar bears are endangered primarily by warming. But that status may not be unique for long. And it should be seen as a warning that action needs to be taken to prevent its further damage.
Polar bears are in “weak” status — less severe than “endangered” or “critically endangered” — on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity, but the fact is more serious. Categories established by the IUCN are based mainly on threats such as hunting and loss of living places that can be addressed with local action on the ground.
“But we cannot build a fence to protect sea ice from rising temperatures,” said Amstrup. “Terrible prediction for polar bears has led to the thinking of alternative solutions, such as captive breeding(圈养养殖) programs or airlifts to Antarctica, but there is no ‘Plan B’. The only way to save them is to protect their living places by stopping global warming.”
8. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A. Megafauna are adapting to global warming. B. Climate change will affect other animals soon.
C. Sea ice shrinking is getting common worldwide. D. Polar bears will be helped out of trouble quickly.
9. What can we learn about the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species?
A. It fails to reflect polar bears’ situation accurately.
B. It considers climate change an important criterion.
C. It provides the guide to protecting biological diversity.
D. It ranks animals based on hunting and loss of living places.
10. What’s Amstrup’s attitude to the alternative ways of protecting polar bears?
A. Concerned. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
11. What could be the best title for the text?
A. Shrinking sea ice starves polar bears of food B. Polar bears are included on the IUCN Red List
C. The Arctic warms faster than the whole planet D. Climate change may wipe out polar bears by 2100
【文章大意】科学家的新研究发现，北极熊很可能撑不过这个世纪了。
8. B【关键能力】考查理解句意的能力。
【解题思路】画线句前提到地球上有一半的陆地大型哺乳动物被归类为濒危物种，但只有北极熊主要是因为气候变暖而濒临灭绝，下文建议采取措施阻止气候变暖的进一步危害，故画线句表示北极熊很快将不是唯一因为气候变暖而濒临灭绝的动物，即还会有其他动物因气候变暖而濒临灭绝，故选B。
9. A【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据题干中的 the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species将解题信息定位至第四段，由该段中的“Polar bears are in ‘weak’ status — less severe than ‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’”“but the fact is more serious”可知，北极熊在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名单上属于“脆弱”等级，但实际上北极熊的困境要严重得多。由此可推知，世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名单并没有准确反映北极熊的困境，故选A。
10. C【关键能力】考查理解态度的能力。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“Terrible prediction for polar bears has led to the thinking of alternative solutions ... but there is no ‘Plan B’. The only way to save them is to protect their living places by stopping global warming”可知，有关北极熊的可怕预测导致了人们对替代方案的思考，如人工饲养项目或将北极熊空运到南极洲，但事实上并没有次选方案。拯救北极熊的唯一方法是通过阻止全球变暖来保护它们的栖息地。由此可知，Amstrup对保护北极熊的可替代方法持否定的态度，故选C。
11. D【关键能力】考查理解主旨要义的能力。
【解题思路】综观全文，尤其是第一段中的“Climate change is starving polar bears into extinction(灭绝)…lifetime”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家预测因全球气候变暖，北极冰川融化，北极熊很可能将因缺少食物在2100年前面临灭绝。故选D。wipe out“彻底消灭，全部摧毁”。
D
Full stops frighten young people when used in social media communication as they are interpreted as a sign of a strong feeling of being annoyed, according to linguistic(语言学的) experts. They are now investigating why teens regard a correctly-punctuated text in such a way.
As stated by experts, when having couples of thoughts, youngsters used to communicating electronically tend to break up their thoughts and text one of them at a time, rather than using a full stop, which they use only to signal they are annoyed. Some have said the full stop is not needed or necessary when texting because the message is ended just by sending it.
According to The Telegraph, Linguist Dr Lauren Fonteyn of Leiden University in Holland, said, “If you send a text message without a full stop, it’s already obvious that you’ve concluded the message.” A linguist from the University of Cambridge, Owen McArdle, told the newspaper, “I’m not sure I agree about emails. I guess it depends how formal they are. But full stops are, in my experience, very much the exception and anything but prevalent in young people’s instant messages, and have a new role in signaling an abrupt or angry tone of voice.”
And the potential change in the role of the full stop, in relation to online communication, has been debated by linguists for years. Professor David Crystal, one of the world’s leading language experts, argues that the usage of full stops is being “revised in a really fundamental way”. In his book, Making a Point: The Persnickety Story of English Punctuation, he wrote, “You look at the Internet or any instant messaging exchange — anything that a fast dialogue is taking place. People simply do not put full stops in, unless they want to make a point. The full stop is now being used in those circumstances as a way to express their feelings.”
12. How do the young find the full stop in electronic communication?
A. It’s a call for opinions. B. It’s a signal of conclusion.
C. It’s an emotion marker. D. It’s a must-have punctuation.
13. What will the young do if they have many thoughts?
A. Send the messages separately. B. Pass them on as a whole.
C. Add a conclusion at the end. D. Divide them with full stops.
14. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 3?
A. Strange. B. Formal. C. Common. D. Acceptable.
15. What might Professor David Crystal agree with?
A. Fast dialogues are more and more popular. B. Full stops are being given a new meaning.
C. The Internet has changed the way we communicate. D. Written language is becoming non-standard.
【文章大意】语言学家表示，社交媒体交流中年轻人认为用句号来结束一句话，不再意味着句子的结束，而是表示“一种生硬或愤怒的语气”。
12. C【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据第一段中的“they are interpreted as a sign of a strong feeling of being annoyed”“teens regard a correctly-punctuated text in such a way”可知，年轻人在社交媒体上把句号看作一种情绪符号。故选C。
13. A【关键能力】考查理解具体信息的能力。
【解题思路】根据第二段中的“when having couples of thoughts, youngsters used to communicating electronically tend to break up their thoughts and text one of them at a time, rather than using a full stop” 可知，当有多种想法时，习惯用电子设备交流的年轻人会将他们的想法分开，逐条发送，而不是使用句号。故选A。
14. C【关键能力】考查理解词汇的能力。
【解题思路】根据语境及画线词前的“I’m not sure I agree about emails. I guess it depends how formal they are. But full stops are, in my experience, very much the exception”和画线词后的“have a new role in signaling an abrupt or angry tone of voice”可知，句号扮演了新的角色，表示一种生硬或愤怒的语气，在年轻人的即时通信中用得很少，很不常见。由此可推知，prevalent的含义应是“普遍的，盛行的”，common与之含义相似，故选C。
15. B【关键能力】考查推理判断的能力。
【解题思路】根据最后一段中的“the usage of full stops is being ‘revised in a really fundamental way’”“The full stop is now being used in those circumstances as a way to express their feelings”可知，Professor David Crystal认为句号的用法确实被改变了，现在句号被用于表达情感，由此可推知，句号被赋予新的意义，故选B。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
World Tourism Day 2020, with the theme of “Tourism and Rural Development”, celebrates the unique role tourism plays in providing opportunities outside of big cities and preserving cultural and natural heritage(遗产) worldwide.
16 Countries around the world are looking to tourism to drive recovery from a global crisis of the rapidly spreading virus, including in rural communities where the industry is a leading employer and economic foundation.
17 It is estimated that by 2050, 68% of the world population will live in urban areas, while 80% of those currently living in “extreme poverty” live outside of towns and cities. Tourism offers young people in rural areas a chance to earn a living without having to leave their home.
World Tourism Day 2020 is once again celebrated by UNWTO’s Member States in global regions as well as by organizations and individual tourists. It comes as communities in rural areas are struggling with the crisis. 18 And both the short-term and long-term impacts brought by it hit them harder and more severely. This is due to a number of factors, including their aging populations, lower income levels and the continuing “digital divide”. 19
For the first time in the 40-year history of World Tourism Day, the official celebration is not hosted by a single Member State of the United Nations specialized agency. 20 This co-hosting agreement shows the spirit of international unity that runs through tourism and which UNWTO has recognized as essential for recovery.
A. Tourism is a good way to get rid of poverty.
B. Tourism offers an answer to all of these challenges.
C. Much support is being given to the rural communities.
D. Development through tourism can keep rural communities alive.
E. Instead, a couple of nations from South America serve as joint hosts.
F. The communities are usually much less prepared to deal with the crisis.
G. The international day of tourism in 2020 comes at a very critical moment.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年世界旅游日的相关内容，包括其主题、举办单位、节日精神等。
16. G 根据下文中的“Countries around the world are looking to tourism to drive recovery from a global crisis of the rapidly spreading virus”可知，世界各国都希望通过旅游业来推动复苏，走出全球危机。由此可知，空处内容应有关2020年世界旅游日到来的时机，故选G项“2020年的世界旅游日到来时正值一个非常危急的时刻”。选项中的“at a very critical moment”与下文中的“a global crisis”相呼应。
17. D 根据下文中的“by 2050, 68% of the world population will live in urban areas, while 80% of those . . . live outside of towns and cities. Tourism offers young people in rural areas a chance to earn a living without having to leave their home”可知，尽管80%生活在“极端贫困”中的人目前生活在城镇以外，但是到2050年，68%的世界人口将生活在城市地区。而且，旅游业还给农村地区的年轻人提供了本地就业机会。由此可推知，本段主要介绍旅游业对农村发展的
影响，故D项“旅游业的发展可以保持农村社区的活力”概括了本段主旨。
18. F 根据上文中的“It comes as communities in rural areas are struggling with the crisis”和下文中的“And both the short-term and long-term impacts brought by it hit them harder and more severely”可知，农村地区的社区正苦苦挣扎于这一危机，故F项“这些社区在应对这一危机时通常更加没有准备”承上启下。
19. B 根据上文中的“This is due to a number of factors, including their aging populations, lower income levels and the continuing ‘digital divide’”可知，空处内容应该呼应前面提到的这些问题或挑战，故B项“旅游业为所有这些挑战提供了解决办法”承接上文。
20. E 根据上文中的“the official celebration is not hosted by a single Member State of the United Nations specialized agency”和下文中的“This co-hosting agreement”可知，空处应涉及官方庆祝活动的主办单位，故E项“相反，来自南美洲的几个国家成为联合东道主”符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I want to share something with you that happened to me yesterday. After taking my first-grade son to school, I thought I’d 21 the drive-through at our neighborhood coffee house to buy myself a coffee as a special
22 before a busy day with my 5-month-old. When I 23 the window to pay for my drink, I was 24 that the lady in front of me had 25 the bill for MY coffee and that of the other 26 behind me!
After the girl working at the window gave me a rough 27 , I realized this kind stranger wanted to “return the
28 “ — someone else had done that for her. Such a simple 29 can make so big a difference to another person.
It’s 30 . As silly as this might sound, it made me smile and 31 me that there are so many kind people out there. I wish I could have thanked her, but she had 32 by the time I finished. What an unexpected but 33 “act of kindness”.
Imagine what I did today after 34 my son at school? I went to that same drive-through 35 at the coffee house to buy myself and a 36 stranger a cup of coffee. When I told the girl at the window my 37 and said it was because someone had done that for me 38 , she smiled and said she’d heard about this sort of thing happening.
I’m not 39 if it’s the holidays or simply people “Paying It Forward”, but it’s a nice reminder that people are basically 40 .
21. A. stop by B. work at C. sit in D. allow for
22. A. arrangement B. congratulation C. bonus D. treat
23. A. opened B. hit C. reached D. slid
24. A. reminded B. informed C. promised D. suggested
25. A. mistaken B. noticed C. settled D. filled
26. A. cars B. bills C. items D. windows
27. A. service B. account C. evidence D. discount
28. A. care B. money C. fortune D. favor
29. A. explanation B. gesture C. description D. conversation
30. A. amazing B. confusing C. touching D. interesting
31. A. guaranteed B. shocked C. struck D. impressed
32. A. withdrawn B. continued C. refused D. departed
33. A. supported B. convinced C. copied D. appreciated
34. A. leaving behind B. dropping off C. calling on D. picking up
35. A. course B. street C. line D. court
36. A. penniless B. random C. worthy D. homeless
37. A. intention B. experience C. need D. entertainment
38. A. previously B. eventually C. actually D. regularly
39. A. afraid B. doubtful C. sure D. upset
40. A. generous B. grateful C. curious D. lovely
【文章大意】作者在咖啡馆买咖啡时，一位陌生女士帮作者付了咖啡钱。随后，作者得知，那位女士这样做的目的是回报别人对她的帮助。于是第二天，作者也以同样的行为去帮助他人，把那份善意传递下去。
21. A 根据上文中的“After taking my first-grade son to school”和下文中的“the drive-through at our neighborhood coffee house... my 5-month-old”可知，在送儿子去学校之后，作者打算顺路去附近咖啡馆的得来速买杯咖啡来款待自己。stop by“顺路造访”，符合语境。
22. D 根据下文中的“before a busy day with my 5-month-old”可知，作者接着要开始忙于照顾其5个月大的孩子，因此此处表示作者买咖啡来款待自己。treat“款待”，符合语境。
23. C 根据语境可知，此处指当作者到达售货窗口付账时。reach“到达，抵达”，符合语境。
24. B 作者被告知在她前面的一位女士已经为她的咖啡买过单了。inform“告知，通知”，符合语境。remind“提醒”；promise“承诺”；suggest“建议”。
25. C 参见上题解析。settle“结账”，符合语境。mistake“弄错”；fill“填补，满足”，fill the bill“符合要求，合格”。
26. A 那位女士不仅帮作者付了咖啡钱，也为作者后面的其他顾客付了咖啡钱。根据上文中的“the drive-through”可知，作者他们是在一个不必下车即可得到服务的地方买咖啡，此处用cars 指代车里的顾客。
27. B 根据下文内容“I realized this kind stranger wanted...someone else had done that for her”可知，此处表示听了在窗口工作的女孩的大致叙述（account）后。
28. D 根据下文中的“someone else had done that for her”可知，有人曾为那位女士付过钱，因此她想要回报别人的帮助。favor“帮助，恩惠”，符合语境。
29. B 如此简单的一个举动竟对另一个人产生了如此大的影响，这令作者感到惊奇。gesture“姿态，表示”，符合语境。
30. A 参见上题解析。amazing“令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的”。
31. C 根据下文中的“it’s a nice reminder”可知，此处指作者意识到世界上还有很多善良的人。strike“突然想到，一下子想起，猛地意识到”，符合语境。
32. D 根据上文中的“I wish I could have thanked her, but”和下文中的“by the time I finished”可知，此处表示作者原想去感谢她的，但是当作者买完咖啡时她已经离开了。depart“离开”，符合语境。withdraw“撤退”。
33. D 根据上文中的“thanked”和本文的主旨可知，此处表示一个意外但让人感激的善举。appreciate“感谢，感激”，符合语境。support“支持”；convince“使相信”；copy“模仿，效法”。
34. B 根据上文中的“After taking my first-grade son to school”可知，此处表示作者把她的儿子送到学校。drop off“顺便把……送到某处”，符合语境。leave behind“把……地在后面”；call on“拜访”；pick up“开车接人”。
35. C作者又来到那个得来速，加入排队买咖啡的队列。line“队，列，队伍”，符合语境。
36. B 根据上下文可知，作者想效仿昨天为她结账的那位陌生女士，随机帮一位陌生人买杯咖啡。random“随机的，任意的”，符合语境。penniless“一文不名的”；worthy“值得尊敬的，值得注意的”。
37. A 作者把她的计划（intention）告诉窗口的女孩。
38. A 上文提到，作者昨天来买咖啡时，一位陌生的女士帮她买了单。因此，此处指这是因为之前有人为作者买过单。previously“先前，以前”，符合语境。
39. C 作者并不确定为别人的咖啡买单这种善举是由于在节日期间，还是仅仅是因为人们在“传递善举”。sure“确信，有把握”，符合语境。
40. D 作者认为这种善意的传递是一个很好的提醒，告诉我们人性本善。此处呼应上文中的“there are so many kind people out there”，故lovely“亲切友好的”符合语境。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teaching agriculture to young, primary school students 41. (matter) a lot in real life. From flowers to potatoes, from cows and pigs to tractors and soil, children 42. (encourage) to know more about farming and gardening and therefore they can have new insights into their lives and the world around them.
The knowledge about agriculture 43. (teach) in primary school classrooms exposes young students to some
44. (practice) scientific procedures and shows them how to apply these lessons to daily life. For example, an agriculture instructor can 45. (clear) teach students about how bees make honey, how trees grow and make fruit, and how beans can be made into oil.
School gardens, 46. primary school students plant flowers, vegetables and trees, can serve as educational tools. From them, students get to know how things grow, live and die. Gardens can also assist young students 47.
(develop) both personally and socially by adding a helpful and fresh dimension 48. these agricultural subjects.
In addition, various inter-curricular programs in agricultural education help promote more 49. (participate) of primary school students in labor. They can develop skills in leadership and team building. They also learn about
50. importance of farming to a community, and learn to work together in planting gardens and in discovering how their community provides food for the public.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了从小学习农学的重要性及其益处。
41. matters 考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填 matters。
42. are encouraged 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语 children为复数形式，与encourage之间是被动关系，再结合语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填 are encouraged。
43. taught 考查非谓语动词。teach与knowledge之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填taught。
44. practical 考查形容词。空处修饰名词procedures，应用形容词，故填practical“切实可行的，有用的”。
45. clearly 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填clearly。
46. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。
47. to develop 考查非谓语动词。assist sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，故填 to develop。
48. to 考查介词。此处指通过增加实用、新颖的内容到农业科目中。add sth. to sth.是固定搭配。
49. participation 考查名词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词，表示“参与”，故填participation，该词为不可数名词。
50. the 考查冠词。此处特指农业对社区的重要性，故填定冠词the。the importance of“……的重要性”。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I received your e-mail yesterday, in which you express your enthusiasm for learning Chinese and said you had difficulties learning it. Now I’m writing to recommend Xinhua Dictionary. Being the native speaker, I believe it is a helpful tool, especially for beginners like me. Firstly, it’s one of the most widely using dictionaries in China. It is well-known not only its wide range of vocabulary and for its precise explanation of each Chinese character. Besides, its reasonable price is undoubted an appealing factor. Hopefully that my suggestion will be useful to you. Remembering to write to me whenever you need my help.
第一处：express → expressed。时态错误。根据主句的时态和从句中的“and said”可知，此处也用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。
第二处：difficulties → difficulty。名词单复数错误。have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，此时 difficulty是不可数名词。
第三处：the → a。冠词错误。此处表示“作为一名……”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。
第四处：me → you。代词错误。根据语境可知，此处表示“像你一样的初学者”，故用you。
第五处：using → used。非谓语动词错误。dictionaries与use是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词used作前置定语。
第六处：only后加for。介词漏用。well-known for…，“以……而著称”。
第七处：and → but。并列连词错误。此处表示“不仅……而且……”，故用but与前面的 not only构成 not only...but
(also)...结构。
第八处：undoubted → undoubtedly。副词错误。此处修饰句子，故要用副词。undoubtedly“无疑”。
第九处：删除Hopefully后的that。连词多用。Hopefully是副词作状语，本句是个简单句，故that多余。
第十处：Remembering → Remember。祈使句错误。本句的主句是祈使句，故用动词原形。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席，你校将举行食品安全知识竞赛。请根据提示写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 竞赛目的；
2. 竞赛时间和地点；
3. 竞赛方式。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【范文展示】
Notice
Aimed at raising students’ awareness of food safety, a knowledge contest concerning the subject is to be held in our school.
The contest is scheduled in the school hall from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm on November 27th. It mainly consists of two rounds. First, all competitors are required to answer five questions about food safety. The top 20 competitors will have the opportunity to compete in the second round, where they will be asked another five more challenging questions. If you are interested, please sign up at the Student Union office before November 20th.
Looking forward to your active participation.
Student Union
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