2022届高考英语（全国甲卷、乙卷）二轮复习模拟试卷（第十八套）

2022年高考英语二轮复习模拟试卷（第十八套）

第一部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Smith, Williams, Brown are common surnames that you will meet in Britain. However, you may come across some strange English surnames. The following surnames are rare, but they are real.

Gotobed

You are not going to meet many people with the surname “Go-to-bed”. The first recorded person to have this surname was John Gotobedde of Cambridge in 1269. Professor Reaney, an authority on English surnames, explains the surname originated from people who had a bed, which was rare back in the 12th century. People were proud that they could afford to have a bed, thus adding it to their name. Strange but true!

Onions

This surname, which was first popular in France and Ireland before coming over to the UK, dates back to 1279 and identified a person’s job. He was either a seller or a grower of the vegetable.

Nutter

Nutter means a crazy or silly person in spoken English. You wouldn’t usually call yourself a nutter, but it’s genuinely a surname that originates from Yorkshire and Lancashire. It’s a variation of the old English surnames “Notere”, which means a clerk, and “Nothard”, which means a person that keeps oxen.

Hardmeat

You might have guessed that “Hardmeat” must have something to do with a family of butchers. In fact, it might just have been a misspelling of the village that the name came from, which was “Hardmead” in England. Wish they had a spellchecker back then!

1. Which of the following surnames can tell a family’s wealth?

A. Gotobed.    B. Onions.    C. Nutter.     D. Hardmeat.

2. In which aspect are Onions and Nutter similar?

A. They originated in the UK.      B. They mean silly people.

C. They show the occupations.      D. They date from the 13th century.

3. Where does the surname of Hardmeat come from?

A. A family of butchers.       B. A place famous for hard meat.

C. A village without a spellchecker.     D. An incorrectly-spelt village name.

B

As the old saying goes, “A rolling stone gathers no moss(苔藓)” It explains an attitude to a career. But, what about those who are always moving around, doing so only to gather moss?

Take Dr. Ma Wenzhang from the Herbarium(标本馆) of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for example.

Unlike common specimen(标本) administrators who spend most of their time in the herbarium, Ma enjoys fieldwork. Each year, he spends around three months in the field, with each trip averaging seven to fifteen days. His colleagues think he is a “weirdo”. He hikes, climbs, eats wild mushrooms and sleeps with dangerous animals, all just to collect moss samples.

Getting lost in the deep forest is also a common occurrence for Ma, whose main focus is collecting moss. “Ma can bear hardship. He spends a lot of time in the field, especially some places deep in the mountains, to collect samples,” Zhang Li, director of bryophytes professional committee of the Botanical Society of China, says. “He has the sharp eyes to find moss in the forest at a glance.”

Over the past decade, Ma has gone on nearly 70 field trips and collected more than 11,000 moss samples. “When I see a really good sample, I will be amazed by its shining light,” he says. To observe the moss under a microscope is also where Ma finds the true beauty of his samples. “It’s interesting to see the cell structure of the moss,” Ma says. A new species of moss from Yunnan Province, which was discovered by Ma, was named after him in 2018 — Mawenzhangia thamnobryoides — a great honor for a specimen worker.

4. Why is the old saying used in the beginning?

A. To explain its meaning.        B. To tell an attitude to careers.

C. To introduce Ma’s story with moss.     D. To describe a natural phenomenon.

5. What does the underlined word “weirdo” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. A brave person.         B. A strange person.

C. A modest person.         D. A hardworking person.

6. What is Mawenzhangia thamnobryoides?

A. The cell structure of the moss.      B. The name of a species of moss.

C. The award for Ma’s contribution.      D. The sample named after Ma.

7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Discovery.    B. Opinion.    C. Nature.    D. Figure.

C

From the moa in New Zealand to the dodo in Mauritius (both of these two flightless birds have died out), the arrival of humans has often spelled extinction for tasty but previously isolated animals. Many scientists had assumed that the woolly rhinos(长毛犀牛) suffered the same thing. But Love Dalén, a professor at the Centre for Palaeogenetics in Stockholm, and Edana Lord, one of Dr. Dalén’s PhD students, are not so sure.

Until recently, information on the story of this great ice-age animal had been limited to the fossilized bones(骨骼化石). In the past couple of decades, however, scientists have learned to use a richer source of information: ancient genomes(基因组). By itself, DNA breaks down quickly, attacked by water and sunlight. But DNA covered in bones and teeth can survive longer, especially if those bones and teeth are themselves in permanent frozen land. It was this sort of DNA that enabled Dr. Dalén and Ms. Lord to investigate the woolly rhinos’ disappearance.

Working with a team of colleagues, the researchers obtained DNA from 12 woolly rhino bones collected from permafrost in Siberia. Analyzing the genetic diversity of the bones, the researchers found that rather than declining as humans arrived, the population of rhinos remained stable from 29,000 years ago to 18,500 years ago, a few thousand years before they died out. Perhaps the people who met the animals found them distasteful. Or perhaps the rhinos were simply too dangerous to hunt with their simple weapons.

On the other hand, the animals’ decline lines up suggestively with a rapid period of global warming that began around 14,700 years ago. The researchers argue that this was the more likely cause of the animals’ disappearance. This time, it seems, it was Mother Nature who did it.

8. What probably caused the extinction of the moa and the dodo?

A. Human activity.        B. Geographical disasters.

C. Lack of food.         D. Climate change.

9. How did the team carry out their investigation?

A. By testing DNA itself.       B. By collecting fossilized bones.

C. By studying ancient genomes.     D. By analyzing the permanent frozen land.

10. What happened to the rhinos after man arrived according to the text?

A. They disappeared quickly.      B. They decreased in numbers.

C. They were hunted as food.      D. They co-existed with humans long.

11. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Mother Nature Is Actually the Killer    B. What Killed Woolly Rhinos?

C. Woolly Rhino Bones Were Found in Siberia  D. What Happened to Woolly Rhinos?

D

There are some things money can’t buy. Education, however, does not appear to be among them — at least as measured by performance on international exams. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones. Do students in the rich world perform better because their governments provide superior schools? Or is the reason that they tend to have richer parents, and enjoy more educational resources at home?

Evaluating test scores around the world is more challenging than it sounds. Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams, many developing countries rely on regional tests, making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.

Dev Patel of Harvard University and Justin Sandefur of the Center for Global Development organized an exam in 2016 for 2,314 children in Bihar, in northern India. It included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams. Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests, they built a statistical model they called a “Rosetta Stone”. It can translate scores from a range of exams — such as one used only in West Africa — into an equal mark in other common international tests.

Patel and Sandefur then used these equations(等式) to calculate how pupils in 80 different countries would perform on the benchmark(基准) Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family has similar influences on test scores, meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. For example, pupils from families that are very poor by rich-world standards — those earning $ 5,000 a year (measured in 2005 dollars) — were expected to score around 500 out of 1,000 on the TIMSS in America, and 560 in Japan. In contrast, those whose parents make $ 10,000 a year in an upper-middle-income country, such as Costa Rica, still manage only the equal of a 475.

12. What is the author’s attitude to educational investment?

A. Supportive.    B. Cautious.    C. Skeptical.    D. Concerned.

13. Why is it hard to evaluate the test scores internationally?

A. Pupils have distinct academic levels.     B. Rich countries refuse regional tests.

C. The tests vary in different countries.     D. International tests aren’t available anywhere.

14. What can we learn about the exam in 2016?

A. It helped create a “Rosetta Stone”.     B. Participants built a statistical model for it.

C. 2,314 children around the world took it.    D. Its questions were mostly from leading tests.

15. What is the text mainly about?

A. Family income plays a big role in education.   B. Students from the rich world do better.

C. It’s better to be a rich pupil in a poor country.   D. Country wealth matters more for test scores.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to stop life getting you down

There’s a saying — “If you and everyone else threw your problems onto the pile, you’d take yours back immediately once you saw everyone else’s”.   16   Others are probably dealing with their own problems just like you. So when things start to get you down, how can you pick yourself back up?

  17   If you’re struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don’t have to be alone. You don’t need to be on your own, either.   18   If you don’t feel able to talk to friends or family, you’ll find support groups that can provide you with ideas or at least listen to you. You’ll also find that online forums(论坛) and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help.

Try out a new hobby. Hobbies don’t just fill time; they also help to give you a sense of purpose. Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a chess club. Many hobbies also provide opportunities for social interaction.   19 

Try to appreciate the little things. Those that have bounced back from a serious illness often state that they’ve been given a new chance of life and that they wake each morning grateful just to be waking up.   20   Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly appreciate your meal or lie back on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax. If you can’t focus on the silence, you can instead choose background noise.

A. Reach out.

B. Turn to your friends or family.

C. Bad experiences are part of life for us all.

D. Friends will be happy to help and make you joyful.

E. Enjoy the beauty of a flower or a simple sunny day.

F. Talking and making new friends will raise your spirits.

G. A new attitude to ordinary life can make you feel more positive.

第二部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It was May 17 and I had been out of communication since the 13th. People were certainly   21   me, but how could they find me and my   22   snowmobile in a sea of white snow?

I am Brian Koonoo, from Pond Inlet. The   23   experience began with a trip for   24  . I left on a snowmobile on May 10, dragging a sled(雪橇) full of   25  . Before departure, I had   26   to stop by a series of hunters’ cabins(小木屋) on my trip. During the   27   ride to the first cabin, my SSB radio and sleeping bag dropped off the sled,   28   somewhere in the snow. The situation continued to   29   — my snowmobile broke down. The days were ugly. Blowing snow   30   visibility to a few meters and 40 mph winds   31   me like a knife. My body temperature was falling. I had to go to Repulse Bay. It would be a tough   32   over hilly terrain(地形), but I had no other   33  . I set out on foot.

I kept moving forward   34   I was worn out. So I slopped for a rest. Then I saw searching planes flying overhead and I   35   waved my gun. But nobody found me.   36   in a snow cave, I dreamed of my family. At home, life was   37   — watching films and hunting seals. I couldn’t give up. I   38   the freezing cold alone for five days before arriving at Repulse Bay. Whenever I   39  , it was my family that encouraged me. They gave me

  40   to survive in the wild. I felt I was so lucky.

21. A. worrying about  B. searching for   C. running after   D. getting at

22. A. broken    B. worn     C. favorite    D. modern

23. A. unlucky    B. unreal     C. unfavorable    D. unforgettable

24. A. observing   B. hunting    C. entertaining    D. exploring

25. A. clothes    B. foods     C. supplies    D. tools

26. A. desired    B. agreed     C. imagined    D. intended

27. A. rough    B. dangerous    C. long     D. random

28. A. stuck    B. left     C. lost     D. thrown

29. A. worsen    B. change     C. recover    D. arise

30. A. attached    B. reduced    C. subjected    D. adjusted

31. A. cut off    B. cut up     C. cut down    D. cut through

32. A. way    B. ride     C. walk     D. circumstance

33. A. destination   B. alternative    C. opportunity    D. inspiration

34. A. although   B. before     C. until     D. when

35. A. regularly   B. deliberately    C. steadily    D. desperately

36. A. Sheltering   B. Withdrawing   C. Suffering    D. Camping

37. A. precious   B. simple     C. fixed     D. ideal

38. A. experienced   B. witnessed    C. braved     D. challenged

39. A. regretted   B. calmed    C. woke     D. collapsed

40. A. power    B. warmth    C. determination   D. confidence

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

We are now in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, due to the scientific technology’s evolving 41.           (rapid). Many of us are looking forward to seeing popular science fiction turn into a 42.           (real) in the coming years. As is known to all, there have existed many great scientific inventions that are ready to go off the shelf. Either those that

43.           (develop), or those that are in the process of designing. The imaginations we laugh at today will end up

44.           (surprise) us in the future when they become real.

One of the most 45.           (ambition) plans of China is to get 17 different countries to work for the idea of getting the western world linked to the eastern one via a high-speed rail line. We are not talking about connecting Eastern and Western China 46.            train; we are talking about connecting London and Beijing. Another one is that the US might have created something 47.            looks and sounds like a flying car, 48.           (call) “Flying Humvee”. But the rest of us still have to wait for this invention to turn up. Nevertheless, at least that should count as 49.        achievement.

If you think there 50.           (be) a great many other out-of-the-world inventions that are promising in the near future, please share them with us.

第三部分  写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Hello, everyone! I’m glad to stand there to share my ideas about reading habits after school. In my eye, good reading habits after class can keep us impatient and motivated. They also help us improve us day by day. Here are some suggestions for a way of forming good reading habits. First of all, I found it important to keep away from mobile phones while reading. And then, taking some notes will be true beneficial to you. In addition, you are supposed to associate you have read with your life, which makes you to have a better understanding. I hope you can make progress under the help of my advice. Thanks.

第二节  书面表达（满分25分）

为迎接即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会，你校正在组织以最喜欢的冰雪运动为话题的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1. 你最喜欢的冰雪运动；

2. 你喜欢的原因。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。