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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems教课内容ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems教课内容ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了教材链接，定语从句，限制性，非限制性，要点精析， 关系副词的用法，实战演练，Ⅰ 单句语法填空，that，thatwhich等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（1）（教材P50）There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry.（2）（教材P50）One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme.（3）（教材P50）List pems have a flexible line length and
repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem.（4）（教材P51）Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines.（5）（教材P51）Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables.（6）（教材P51）The haiku pem （E） n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
观察上面句子, 它们中均包含了 ___________, 其中（1）、（3）、（5）中的定语从句为_________ 定语从句, （6）中的为 ___________ 定语从句, （2）和（4）中既有限制性定语从句也有非限制性定语从句。
1. 定语从句的基本概述（1）定义：在主从复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。（2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。①关系词有关系代词和关系副词两类。关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse, as; 关系副词有when, where, why等。②关系词的作用主要有三点：连接主从句、替代先行词、在定语从句中作成分。
2.定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。（1）限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 不用逗号与主句隔开, 删除后会影响整个句子的表达。She is the nurse wh lks after the children.她就是照料这些孩子的保姆。
D yu still remember the man wh taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那位男士吗？（2）非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开, 起补充说明的作用, 如省略, 句子意思仍然完整明确。The bk, which he lst yesterday, has been fund.他昨天丢了的那本书已经找到了。His daughter, wh is in Bstn nw, is cming hme next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下个星期就要回来了。
3. 关系代词的用法（1）基本用法
This is the present (that/which) Jack gave me fr my birthday. 这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。The wrk that/which has just been finished is very imprtant. 刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。The man (wh/whm/that) yu met just nw is my ld friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。The number f peple that/wh cme t visit the city each year reaches ne millin. 每年来这座城市游览的人数达到了一百万。This is the scientist whse achievements are well knwn.这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
（2）宜用that, 不宜用which的情况①先行词是all、few、little（少）、much、nne、nthing、everything、smething等不定代词, 或被它们修饰时。D yu have anything that yu want t say fr yurself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr Li said?你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？
②先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pllutin. 这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长城。
③当先行词被the nly, the very等修饰时。This is the very bus that I’m waiting fr.这就是我正在等的公交车。This is the nly bike that I can affrd.这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
④先行词既有人又有物时。I can remember well the persn and pictures that I saw in the rm. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。⑤当主句是以which, wh等疑问词开头的疑问句时。Which is the bike that yu lst?哪辆是你丢的自行车？⑥主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时。There is a seat in the crner that is still available.在那个角落还有一个空座位。
（3）宜用which不宜用that的情况①在非限制性定语从句中, 用which, 不用that。China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, which shws mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China. 《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者, 这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。②关系代词前有介词时, 通常用which, 而不用that。This is the huse in which Lu Xun nce lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
（4）as引导的定语从句①as 引导限制性定语从句。as既可以指人, 也可以指物。在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用在s…as…, such…as…, as…as…, the same…as…等结构中。I have gt int the same truble as he has.我惹了和他一样的麻烦。Such reasns as we give can persuade him t give up this flish plan. 我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。
②as引导非限制性定语从句时, 意为“正如; 正像”, 可放在句首、句末或句中。常用的表达有：as we all knw = as is knwn t us all 众所周知as is reprted/expected 正如报道/预料的那样as is ften the case 情况常常是这样as has been said befre 正如之前所说
Oppsite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where yu can hear sme lvely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂, 在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。I will never frget the days when I stayed in Tibet.我永远不会忘记待在西藏的日子。We dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t attend the party. 我们不知道他没参加聚会的原因。
注意：当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如pint, stage, case, situatin, psitin等, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 通常用关系副词where。They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。There are cases where this rule is inapplicable.在一些情况下, 这个规则是不适用的。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“介词+关系代词”结构替换关系副词。（1）关系代词的选用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时, 若先行词指人, 关系代词常用whm; 若先行词指物, 关系代词常用which。In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn. 在黑暗的街道上, 没有一个她可以求助的人。Scientists try t prtect the island n which rare animals live. 科学家努力保护那个稀有动物居住的岛。
（2）介词的选用①根据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill n/upn which schl educatin depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。This is the new prduct with which the bss is very satisfied. 这是老板非常满意的那款新产品。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。There are varius ways in which we can slve this prblem. 我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。③根据定语从句所表达的意义。The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen. 这种我们离开它就不能生存的无色气体被称为氧气。
1. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The best bks are the nes _______ pen further as time passes.
2. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things _____________ we use every day.
3. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, ________ is abut five miles lnger than the marathn.
4. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] Here’s a handful f ways _____________ will set yu in the right directin.
5. [2020全国新高考Ⅰ] Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, ______ will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
6. [2020课标全国Ⅱ] I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） fr readers and writers, a bridge _____________helps put tgether a reader with a bk.
7. [2020课标全国Ⅲ] In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almst lifelike.
8. [2020天津] Dr. Rwan, ________secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
9. [2020江苏] Many lessns are nw available nline, _______ which students can chse fr free.
10. [2020海南] Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way ________________ their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree.
that/in which
1. 我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。We have entered int an age ___________________________________________________ .
where dreams have the best chance f cming true
2. 夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___________________________________ .
that gives ff light in the dark
3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。This is __________________________________________________________ .
ne f the mst interesting bks that I have ever read
4. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。Many yung peple, _________________________________ , headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
mst f whm are well-educated
5. 正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。The number f smkers, _________________ , has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
as is reprted
6. 桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。The bks n the desk, ___________________________ , are prizes fr us.
whse cvers are shining
7. 幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。Happiness and success ften cme t thse __________________________________________________ .
wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths
8. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, _________________________________ .
when the weather may be better
9. 一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。We’ll reach the sales targets in a mnth _________________________________________________ .
that/which we set at the beginning f the year
10. 他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。He was educated at a lcal high schl, ___________________________________________________ .
after which he was admitted t Peking University
1. She was very ______________ (sympathy) t the prblems f adult students.
sympathetic
2. The new evidence will prve their ____________ (inncent).
3. The editr welcmes _________________ (crrespnd) frm readers n any subject.
crrespndence
4. The firm has achieved a ___________ (dminate) psitin in the wrld market.
5. Petry written _______ the perspective f the urban yuth tends t reveal their anxiety ver a lack f sense f belnging.
6. I have the greatest _____________ (admire) fr all thse invlved in the prject.
7. He als fund sme list f game fans lking fr varius ___________ (versin) f the game.
8. Frecasters say the strms may nt be as bad as they ____________ (initial) predicted.
9. Many freign turists fall in lve _______ China the first time they pay a visit t this great cuntry.
10. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n what culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they ___________ (sw).
将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句。
1. I live next dr t a cuple. Their children ften make a lt f nise. _________________________________________________________________________
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
2. Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears. Nne f them has been prved. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.
3. When yu start yur jurney with psitive thinking, yu wuld meet wnderful peple. Yu can share psitive attitudes with them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When yu start yur jurney with psitive thinking, yu wuld meet wnderful peple, with whm yu can share psitive attitudes.
4. The prfessr always spends the whle day in the bkshp. He fund a new dictinary there yesterday. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The prfessr always spends the whle day in the bkshp where/in which he fund a new dictinary yesterday.
5. We have t plant trees as many as pssible. The reasn is that they can supply fresh air t us. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The reasn why/fr which we have t plant trees as many as pssible is that they can supply fresh air t us.
6. It is a truly delightful place. It lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is a truly delightful place, which lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.
7. Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities. They can gain experience fr grwth frm them. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where/frm which they can gain experience fr grwth.
8. The Adulthd Ceremny was held in the schl lecture hall. It can seat apprximately 500 students. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Adulthd Ceremny was held in the schl lecture hall that/which can seat apprximately 500 students.
9. This is his first cinquain. It was cmpsed in English. ___________________________________________________________
This is his first cinquain that was cmpsed in English.
10. I am lking fr a secretary. He r she can use a cmputer well._________________________________________________________________
I am lking fr a secretary that/wh can use a cmputer well.
1. 出于对那些孩子的怜悯, 我打算把一个月的薪水捐给这个孤儿院。（ut f sympathy） ___________________________________, I intend t dnate a mnth’s salary t the rphanage.
Out f sympathy fr the children
2. 我们应该努力做到言行一致, 因为只有这样我们才能赢得别人的信任。（crrespnd with/t）We shuld strive t ________________________________________________because nly in this way can we win the trust f thers.
make ur actins crrespnd with/t ur wrds
3. 在我看来, 取得很大进步的学生也应该得到奖励。（perspective） ______________________, students wh make great prgress shuld als be rewarded.
Frm my perspective
4. 梵高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。（have an influence n）Van Ggh ___________________________ the develpment f mdern painting.
had a majr influence n
5. 他不确定此人是否是无罪的。（be inncent f）He wasn’t sure ____________________________________________ .
whether the man was inncent f any crime
[2020山西大学附属中学高二上期中] Every week in China, millins f peple wuld sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title “Character Her”, which was a Chinese-style spelling bee （拼字比赛）. In this challenge, yung cmpetitrs must write Chinese characters by hand. T prepare fr the cmpetitin, the cmpetitrs usually spent mnths studying dictinaries.Perhaps the shw’s ppularity shuld nt be a surprise. Alng
with gunpwder and paper, many Chinese peple cnsider the creatin f Chinese calligraphy (书法) t be ne f their primary cntributins t civilizatin. Unfrtunately, all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smartphnes and cmputers allws users t type based n the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them. But there’s still hpe fr the paintbrush. Ministry f Educatin
f the Peple’s Republic f China wants children t spend mre time learning hw t write. In ne Beijing primary schl we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decrated classrm with traditinal Chinese paintings hanging n the walls. Sft music plays as a grup f six-year-lds dip brush pens int black ink. They lk up at the blackbard ften t study their teacher’s examples befre carefully attempting t reprduce thse characters n thin rice paper. “If adults can survive withut using handwriting, why bther t teach it nw?” we ask the calligraphy
teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture,” she reasns. “Students must learn nw s they dn’t frget when they grw up,”says the teacher.
1. What can we learn abut the “Character Her”?( )A. It drew great public attentin acrss the cuntry.B. It was pen t peple f all ages and all walks.C. It was the mst-viewed TV prgram in China.D. It aimed t spread Chinese culture t the wrld.
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中Every week in China, millins f peple wuld sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title “Character Her”可知, 在中国, 每周都有数百万人坐在电视机前观看这个节目, 所以节目吸引了公众的注意力。故选A。
2. Why are Chinese peple frgetting hw t write the characters?( )A. Chinese peple dn’t refer t dictinaries very ften.B. Chinese peple n lnger use brush pens r practice calligraphy.C. Chinese peple are using the Latin alphabet instead f the characters.D. Chinese peple needn’t write by hand as ften with the help f technlgy.
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段…Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write…using the Latin alphabet. 可知, 智能手机和电脑上的软件允许用户使用拉丁字母输入汉字的基本发音。所以在科技的帮助下, 中国人不需要经常用手写字导致了中国人正在逐渐忘记如何书写汉字。故选D。
3. Accrding t Shen Bin, being able t write characters by hand is ____.A. an ability t be develped nly when yu are studentsB. a requirement made by the Ministry f EducatinC. necessary fr adults t survive in ChinaD. helpful t keep Chinese traditin and culture alive
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据短文最后一段中The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture…可知, 汉字书写能力是中国传统文化的一部分。所以可以推断出能够手写汉字有助于保持中国传统文化的活力。故选D。
4. Where des this text prbably cme frm?( )A. A science reprt.B. A news reprt.C. Children’s literature.D. An advertisement.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。由此可推知本文是一篇新闻报道, 所以文章可能来自报纸。故选B。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。
深度解析词汇积累1. cmpetitr n. 竞争者; 对手 2. gunpwder n. 火药3. civilizatin n. 文明 4. calligraphy n. 书法
[2021安徽黄山第一学期高二期末质量检测] A Friendship is an imprtant theme in all kinds f art. _1____________straightfrward r implicit（含蓄的）, it shws up in petry frm arund the wrld. The seven-character pem T Wang Lun, _2____________（write） by Tang pet Li Bai （701-762）, is a gd example f petry that _3____________（carry） this theme. It describes a scene in which the pet’s friend Wang Lun, hurried t see him ff, _4___________（shw） true friendship.
While the pem starts with rdinary images, it ends with passinate and sincere emtins. Li used simile （比喻） t state that _5__________deep the water might be, it still paled in frnt f their deep friendship. The pet aims _6__________（avid） praising the friendship directly, _7_______wuld be much less petic.The first tw lines give us backgrund infrmatin. Li was n _8_________bat abut t travel. _9________________ （sudden）, he heard smene singing n the shre. The starting lines are s plain and simple that they almst read like prse （散文）.
They even cntain names, smething rarely _10____________ （see） in traditinal Chinese petry. It shws Li’s character-he is free and wild.
1. __________
[解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知, 此处为whether…r…“不管……还是……”引导的让步状语从句的省略形式, 注意首字母要大写, 故填Whether。
2. __________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语, 逻辑主语pem与write为被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填written。
3. __________
[解析] 考查时态。分析可知, 设空处为定语从句的谓语动词, that为关系代词, 指代先行词example, 结合is, 所以此处用一般现在时。故填carries。
4. __________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, shw与句子主语It为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填shwing。
5. __________
[解析] 考查让步状语从句。句式hwever+形容词/副词+主语+谓语, 意为“无论……”, hwever引导让步状语从句。
6. ___________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。故填t avid。
7. ________
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰前面的内容, 从句缺少主语, 所以用关系代词which。
[解析] 考查冠词。bat为可数名词单数, 此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且bat的发音是辅音音素开头, 应用冠词a。
9. ___________
[解析] 考查副词。修饰整个句子要用副词, 注意首字母大写。故填Suddenly。
10. _______
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 设空处为修饰smething的后置定语, 逻辑主语smething与see为被动关系, 所以要用过去分词形式。故填seen。
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇诗歌鉴赏, 主要介绍了李白的著名诗篇《赠汪伦》, 诗中描述了朋友汪伦为诗人送行的一个场景, 表现出真正的友谊。
[2021江苏常州“教学研究合作联盟”高二上期中] B Shijing, als The Bk f Sngs, is the _1______________ (early) cllectin f Chinese petry. It cnsists f 305 pems _2______________ (date) frm the early years f the Western Zhu Dynasty t the middle stage f the Spring and Autumn Perid. Nwadays, Cnfucius is generally believed t be the _3______________ (edit) f the bk.Shijing is rich in cntent, _4__________________(reflect) lve and labr, war and slavery, custms and marriage, ancestr wrship and special events. It is a mirrr f scial life.
All the pems included in Shijing fall int three sectins-pems that cme frm villages belng t Feng; the pems_5_______________ (write) t persuade r praise the rulers belng t Ya; thse used at religius ceremnies belng t Sng. Ya and Sng are flwery and serius in language, _6_____________ Feng is relatively inspiring and full f passin.The pening pem f Shijing, Cing and Wing (《关雎》), is abut lve, which _7_____________ (read):
By riverside are cingA pair f turtledves;A gd yung man is wingA fair maiden he lves.Thrugh these lines, the pet expresses the man’s _8_______(lng) fr a girl and his hpe that ne day he can win ver the girl’s heart.
At the beginning f ancient Chinese petry, Shijing enables peple t have a better understanding f Chinese civilizatin. _9_________________________________________________ , it is als frequently quted in ther Chinese text and has always been referred t _10__________ mral truth and lessns.
Mrever/Besides/Furthermre/Additinally
1. ___________
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据常识和句意可知,《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集, 所以空处需用形容词最高级形式。故填earliest。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词cnsists, 且空处没有连词, 所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词pems, 空处动词date与名词pems之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词dating作后置定语。
3. _________
[解析] 考查名词。根据句意可知, 此处需用名词editr, 表示“编辑”, 故填editr。
4. _____________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 空处需用非谓语动词作定语, 空处动词reflect与句子主语之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词reflecting。
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词pems, 空处动词与名词pems之间是被动关系, 所以空处需用过去分词written作后置定语。
6. ________
[解析] 考查连词。根据前后句意可知，前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while“然而”。
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实, 谓语动词需用一般现在时, 主语是The pening pem f Shijing, 单数, 谓语动词需用reads。
8. __________
[解析] 考查名词。 分析句子结构可知, 空处作动词expresses的宾语, 所以空处需用名词lnging, 意为（对……的）渴望。
（1）（教材P50）There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry.（2）（教材P50）One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme.（3）（教材P50）List pems have a flexible line length and
repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem.（4）（教材P51）Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines.（5）（教材P51）Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables.（6）（教材P51）The haiku pem （E） n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
观察上面句子, 它们中均包含了 ___________, 其中（1）、（3）、（5）中的定语从句为_________ 定语从句, （6）中的为 ___________ 定语从句, （2）和（4）中既有限制性定语从句也有非限制性定语从句。
1. 定语从句的基本概述（1）定义：在主从复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。（2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。①关系词有关系代词和关系副词两类。关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse, as; 关系副词有when, where, why等。②关系词的作用主要有三点：连接主从句、替代先行词、在定语从句中作成分。
2.定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。（1）限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 不用逗号与主句隔开, 删除后会影响整个句子的表达。She is the nurse wh lks after the children.她就是照料这些孩子的保姆。
D yu still remember the man wh taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那位男士吗？（2）非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开, 起补充说明的作用, 如省略, 句子意思仍然完整明确。The bk, which he lst yesterday, has been fund.他昨天丢了的那本书已经找到了。His daughter, wh is in Bstn nw, is cming hme next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下个星期就要回来了。
3. 关系代词的用法（1）基本用法
This is the present (that/which) Jack gave me fr my birthday. 这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。The wrk that/which has just been finished is very imprtant. 刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。The man (wh/whm/that) yu met just nw is my ld friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。The number f peple that/wh cme t visit the city each year reaches ne millin. 每年来这座城市游览的人数达到了一百万。This is the scientist whse achievements are well knwn.这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
（2）宜用that, 不宜用which的情况①先行词是all、few、little（少）、much、nne、nthing、everything、smething等不定代词, 或被它们修饰时。D yu have anything that yu want t say fr yurself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr Li said?你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？
②先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pllutin. 这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长城。
③当先行词被the nly, the very等修饰时。This is the very bus that I’m waiting fr.这就是我正在等的公交车。This is the nly bike that I can affrd.这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
④先行词既有人又有物时。I can remember well the persn and pictures that I saw in the rm. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。⑤当主句是以which, wh等疑问词开头的疑问句时。Which is the bike that yu lst?哪辆是你丢的自行车？⑥主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时。There is a seat in the crner that is still available.在那个角落还有一个空座位。
（3）宜用which不宜用that的情况①在非限制性定语从句中, 用which, 不用that。China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, which shws mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China. 《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者, 这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。②关系代词前有介词时, 通常用which, 而不用that。This is the huse in which Lu Xun nce lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
（4）as引导的定语从句①as 引导限制性定语从句。as既可以指人, 也可以指物。在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用在s…as…, such…as…, as…as…, the same…as…等结构中。I have gt int the same truble as he has.我惹了和他一样的麻烦。Such reasns as we give can persuade him t give up this flish plan. 我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。
②as引导非限制性定语从句时, 意为“正如; 正像”, 可放在句首、句末或句中。常用的表达有：as we all knw = as is knwn t us all 众所周知as is reprted/expected 正如报道/预料的那样as is ften the case 情况常常是这样as has been said befre 正如之前所说
Oppsite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where yu can hear sme lvely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂, 在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。I will never frget the days when I stayed in Tibet.我永远不会忘记待在西藏的日子。We dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t attend the party. 我们不知道他没参加聚会的原因。
注意：当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如pint, stage, case, situatin, psitin等, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 通常用关系副词where。They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。There are cases where this rule is inapplicable.在一些情况下, 这个规则是不适用的。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“介词+关系代词”结构替换关系副词。（1）关系代词的选用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时, 若先行词指人, 关系代词常用whm; 若先行词指物, 关系代词常用which。In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn. 在黑暗的街道上, 没有一个她可以求助的人。Scientists try t prtect the island n which rare animals live. 科学家努力保护那个稀有动物居住的岛。
（2）介词的选用①根据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill n/upn which schl educatin depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。This is the new prduct with which the bss is very satisfied. 这是老板非常满意的那款新产品。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。There are varius ways in which we can slve this prblem. 我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。③根据定语从句所表达的意义。The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen. 这种我们离开它就不能生存的无色气体被称为氧气。
1. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The best bks are the nes _______ pen further as time passes.
2. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things _____________ we use every day.
3. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, ________ is abut five miles lnger than the marathn.
4. [2020课标全国Ⅰ] Here’s a handful f ways _____________ will set yu in the right directin.
5. [2020全国新高考Ⅰ] Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, ______ will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
6. [2020课标全国Ⅱ] I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） fr readers and writers, a bridge _____________helps put tgether a reader with a bk.
7. [2020课标全国Ⅲ] In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almst lifelike.
8. [2020天津] Dr. Rwan, ________secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
9. [2020江苏] Many lessns are nw available nline, _______ which students can chse fr free.
10. [2020海南] Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way ________________ their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree.
that/in which
1. 我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。We have entered int an age ___________________________________________________ .
where dreams have the best chance f cming true
2. 夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___________________________________ .
that gives ff light in the dark
3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。This is __________________________________________________________ .
ne f the mst interesting bks that I have ever read
4. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。Many yung peple, _________________________________ , headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
mst f whm are well-educated
5. 正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。The number f smkers, _________________ , has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
as is reprted
6. 桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。The bks n the desk, ___________________________ , are prizes fr us.
whse cvers are shining
7. 幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。Happiness and success ften cme t thse __________________________________________________ .
wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths
8. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, _________________________________ .
when the weather may be better
9. 一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。We’ll reach the sales targets in a mnth _________________________________________________ .
that/which we set at the beginning f the year
10. 他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。He was educated at a lcal high schl, ___________________________________________________ .
after which he was admitted t Peking University
1. She was very ______________ (sympathy) t the prblems f adult students.
sympathetic
2. The new evidence will prve their ____________ (inncent).
3. The editr welcmes _________________ (crrespnd) frm readers n any subject.
crrespndence
4. The firm has achieved a ___________ (dminate) psitin in the wrld market.
5. Petry written _______ the perspective f the urban yuth tends t reveal their anxiety ver a lack f sense f belnging.
6. I have the greatest _____________ (admire) fr all thse invlved in the prject.
7. He als fund sme list f game fans lking fr varius ___________ (versin) f the game.
8. Frecasters say the strms may nt be as bad as they ____________ (initial) predicted.
9. Many freign turists fall in lve _______ China the first time they pay a visit t this great cuntry.
10. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n what culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they ___________ (sw).
将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句。
1. I live next dr t a cuple. Their children ften make a lt f nise. _________________________________________________________________________
I live next dr t a cuple whse children ften make a lt f nise.
2. Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears. Nne f them has been prved. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f which has been prved.
3. When yu start yur jurney with psitive thinking, yu wuld meet wnderful peple. Yu can share psitive attitudes with them. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When yu start yur jurney with psitive thinking, yu wuld meet wnderful peple, with whm yu can share psitive attitudes.
4. The prfessr always spends the whle day in the bkshp. He fund a new dictinary there yesterday. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The prfessr always spends the whle day in the bkshp where/in which he fund a new dictinary yesterday.
5. We have t plant trees as many as pssible. The reasn is that they can supply fresh air t us. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The reasn why/fr which we have t plant trees as many as pssible is that they can supply fresh air t us.
6. It is a truly delightful place. It lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is a truly delightful place, which lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.
7. Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities. They can gain experience fr grwth frm them. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where/frm which they can gain experience fr grwth.
8. The Adulthd Ceremny was held in the schl lecture hall. It can seat apprximately 500 students. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Adulthd Ceremny was held in the schl lecture hall that/which can seat apprximately 500 students.
9. This is his first cinquain. It was cmpsed in English. ___________________________________________________________
This is his first cinquain that was cmpsed in English.
10. I am lking fr a secretary. He r she can use a cmputer well._________________________________________________________________
I am lking fr a secretary that/wh can use a cmputer well.
1. 出于对那些孩子的怜悯, 我打算把一个月的薪水捐给这个孤儿院。（ut f sympathy） ___________________________________, I intend t dnate a mnth’s salary t the rphanage.
Out f sympathy fr the children
2. 我们应该努力做到言行一致, 因为只有这样我们才能赢得别人的信任。（crrespnd with/t）We shuld strive t ________________________________________________because nly in this way can we win the trust f thers.
make ur actins crrespnd with/t ur wrds
3. 在我看来, 取得很大进步的学生也应该得到奖励。（perspective） ______________________, students wh make great prgress shuld als be rewarded.
Frm my perspective
4. 梵高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。（have an influence n）Van Ggh ___________________________ the develpment f mdern painting.
had a majr influence n
5. 他不确定此人是否是无罪的。（be inncent f）He wasn’t sure ____________________________________________ .
whether the man was inncent f any crime
[2020山西大学附属中学高二上期中] Every week in China, millins f peple wuld sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title “Character Her”, which was a Chinese-style spelling bee （拼字比赛）. In this challenge, yung cmpetitrs must write Chinese characters by hand. T prepare fr the cmpetitin, the cmpetitrs usually spent mnths studying dictinaries.Perhaps the shw’s ppularity shuld nt be a surprise. Alng
with gunpwder and paper, many Chinese peple cnsider the creatin f Chinese calligraphy (书法) t be ne f their primary cntributins t civilizatin. Unfrtunately, all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smartphnes and cmputers allws users t type based n the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them. But there’s still hpe fr the paintbrush. Ministry f Educatin
f the Peple’s Republic f China wants children t spend mre time learning hw t write. In ne Beijing primary schl we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decrated classrm with traditinal Chinese paintings hanging n the walls. Sft music plays as a grup f six-year-lds dip brush pens int black ink. They lk up at the blackbard ften t study their teacher’s examples befre carefully attempting t reprduce thse characters n thin rice paper. “If adults can survive withut using handwriting, why bther t teach it nw?” we ask the calligraphy
teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture,” she reasns. “Students must learn nw s they dn’t frget when they grw up,”says the teacher.
1. What can we learn abut the “Character Her”?( )A. It drew great public attentin acrss the cuntry.B. It was pen t peple f all ages and all walks.C. It was the mst-viewed TV prgram in China.D. It aimed t spread Chinese culture t the wrld.
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中Every week in China, millins f peple wuld sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title “Character Her”可知, 在中国, 每周都有数百万人坐在电视机前观看这个节目, 所以节目吸引了公众的注意力。故选A。
2. Why are Chinese peple frgetting hw t write the characters?( )A. Chinese peple dn’t refer t dictinaries very ften.B. Chinese peple n lnger use brush pens r practice calligraphy.C. Chinese peple are using the Latin alphabet instead f the characters.D. Chinese peple needn’t write by hand as ften with the help f technlgy.
[解析] 【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段…Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write…using the Latin alphabet. 可知, 智能手机和电脑上的软件允许用户使用拉丁字母输入汉字的基本发音。所以在科技的帮助下, 中国人不需要经常用手写字导致了中国人正在逐渐忘记如何书写汉字。故选D。
3. Accrding t Shen Bin, being able t write characters by hand is ____.A. an ability t be develped nly when yu are studentsB. a requirement made by the Ministry f EducatinC. necessary fr adults t survive in ChinaD. helpful t keep Chinese traditin and culture alive
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据短文最后一段中The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture…可知, 汉字书写能力是中国传统文化的一部分。所以可以推断出能够手写汉字有助于保持中国传统文化的活力。故选D。
4. Where des this text prbably cme frm?( )A. A science reprt.B. A news reprt.C. Children’s literature.D. An advertisement.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。由此可推知本文是一篇新闻报道, 所以文章可能来自报纸。故选B。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文由《中国汉字听写大会》引入, 介绍了汉字书写的现状及重要性。
深度解析词汇积累1. cmpetitr n. 竞争者; 对手 2. gunpwder n. 火药3. civilizatin n. 文明 4. calligraphy n. 书法
[2021安徽黄山第一学期高二期末质量检测] A Friendship is an imprtant theme in all kinds f art. _1____________straightfrward r implicit（含蓄的）, it shws up in petry frm arund the wrld. The seven-character pem T Wang Lun, _2____________（write） by Tang pet Li Bai （701-762）, is a gd example f petry that _3____________（carry） this theme. It describes a scene in which the pet’s friend Wang Lun, hurried t see him ff, _4___________（shw） true friendship.
While the pem starts with rdinary images, it ends with passinate and sincere emtins. Li used simile （比喻） t state that _5__________deep the water might be, it still paled in frnt f their deep friendship. The pet aims _6__________（avid） praising the friendship directly, _7_______wuld be much less petic.The first tw lines give us backgrund infrmatin. Li was n _8_________bat abut t travel. _9________________ （sudden）, he heard smene singing n the shre. The starting lines are s plain and simple that they almst read like prse （散文）.
They even cntain names, smething rarely _10____________ （see） in traditinal Chinese petry. It shws Li’s character-he is free and wild.
1. __________
[解析] 考查连词。根据句意可知, 此处为whether…r…“不管……还是……”引导的让步状语从句的省略形式, 注意首字母要大写, 故填Whether。
2. __________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语, 逻辑主语pem与write为被动关系, 所以用过去分词形式。故填written。
3. __________
[解析] 考查时态。分析可知, 设空处为定语从句的谓语动词, that为关系代词, 指代先行词example, 结合is, 所以此处用一般现在时。故填carries。
4. __________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, shw与句子主语It为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。故填shwing。
5. __________
[解析] 考查让步状语从句。句式hwever+形容词/副词+主语+谓语, 意为“无论……”, hwever引导让步状语从句。
6. ___________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。aim t d sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。故填t avid。
7. ________
[解析] 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰前面的内容, 从句缺少主语, 所以用关系代词which。
[解析] 考查冠词。bat为可数名词单数, 此处表泛指, 应用不定冠词, 且bat的发音是辅音音素开头, 应用冠词a。
9. ___________
[解析] 考查副词。修饰整个句子要用副词, 注意首字母大写。故填Suddenly。
10. _______
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析可知, 设空处为修饰smething的后置定语, 逻辑主语smething与see为被动关系, 所以要用过去分词形式。故填seen。
[解析] [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。本文是一篇诗歌鉴赏, 主要介绍了李白的著名诗篇《赠汪伦》, 诗中描述了朋友汪伦为诗人送行的一个场景, 表现出真正的友谊。
[2021江苏常州“教学研究合作联盟”高二上期中] B Shijing, als The Bk f Sngs, is the _1______________ (early) cllectin f Chinese petry. It cnsists f 305 pems _2______________ (date) frm the early years f the Western Zhu Dynasty t the middle stage f the Spring and Autumn Perid. Nwadays, Cnfucius is generally believed t be the _3______________ (edit) f the bk.Shijing is rich in cntent, _4__________________(reflect) lve and labr, war and slavery, custms and marriage, ancestr wrship and special events. It is a mirrr f scial life.
All the pems included in Shijing fall int three sectins-pems that cme frm villages belng t Feng; the pems_5_______________ (write) t persuade r praise the rulers belng t Ya; thse used at religius ceremnies belng t Sng. Ya and Sng are flwery and serius in language, _6_____________ Feng is relatively inspiring and full f passin.The pening pem f Shijing, Cing and Wing (《关雎》), is abut lve, which _7_____________ (read):
By riverside are cingA pair f turtledves;A gd yung man is wingA fair maiden he lves.Thrugh these lines, the pet expresses the man’s _8_______(lng) fr a girl and his hpe that ne day he can win ver the girl’s heart.
At the beginning f ancient Chinese petry, Shijing enables peple t have a better understanding f Chinese civilizatin. _9_________________________________________________ , it is als frequently quted in ther Chinese text and has always been referred t _10__________ mral truth and lessns.
Mrever/Besides/Furthermre/Additinally
1. ___________
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。根据常识和句意可知,《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集, 所以空处需用形容词最高级形式。故填earliest。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词cnsists, 且空处没有连词, 所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词pems, 空处动词date与名词pems之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词dating作后置定语。
3. _________
[解析] 考查名词。根据句意可知, 此处需用名词editr, 表示“编辑”, 故填editr。
4. _____________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 空处需用非谓语动词作定语, 空处动词reflect与句子主语之间是主动关系, 所以空处需用现在分词reflecting。
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词pems, 空处动词与名词pems之间是被动关系, 所以空处需用过去分词written作后置定语。
6. ________
[解析] 考查连词。根据前后句意可知，前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while“然而”。
[解析] 考查时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实, 谓语动词需用一般现在时, 主语是The pening pem f Shijing, 单数, 谓语动词需用reads。
8. __________
[解析] 考查名词。 分析句子结构可知, 空处作动词expresses的宾语, 所以空处需用名词lnging, 意为（对……的）渴望。
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