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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!学案及答案，共10页。
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→ initially adv.最初，首先；开头→initiative n．首创精神；倡议
2．cnfirm v．证实，证明 →cnfirmatin n．确认；证实；证明
3．crwd n．人群→ crwded adj.拥挤的；塞满的
4．attempt n．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的
5．fail v．失败→failure n．失败
6．psychlgy n．心理学→psychlgist n．心理学家
1．up t达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)
①I can take up t fur peple in my car.多达
②I dn't feel up t the task.胜任
③Up t yesterday，I thught he was single.直到
④It's up t yu t decide whether t g r t stay.由……决定
2．figure ut 想出， 理解； 弄明白， 看透；计算出
①I can't figure ut what he was hinting at.看透
②Please figure ut the ttal cst.计算出
③Culd yu help me figure ut this prblem? 解决
④I didn't figure ut hw t d it.想出
⑤I simply culdn't figure ut his intentin.弄明白
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) thus adv.因此，从而
(教材P49) Christpher Clumbus(1451－1506)was an Italian explrer wh cmpleted jurneys between Spain and the Americas，thus marking the beginning f Eurpean explratin f the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。
[例1] The universities have expanded，thus allwing many mre peple the chance f higher educatin.
大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
[例2] We d nt wn the building.Thus，it wuld be impssible fr us t make any majr changes t it.
我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。
[造句] 老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。
Old peple ften try t save mney t eat，thus endangering their health.
[知识拓展]
therefre adv. 因此；所以
s cnj. 因此；所以
as a result 结果；因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They never change and thus/therefre I can trust them.
②He lst his health，and therefre his difficulties increased.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) cnfirm v．证实，证明
(教材P50) The first peple cnfirmed t have reached the tp were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Nrgay in 1953.
第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。
[例1] The news f hliday was later cnfirmed by ur headteacher.
放假的消息，后来从班主任那里得到了证实。
[例2] His guilty expressin cnfirmed my dubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
[造句] 你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？
Can yu cnfirm what happened next?
[知识拓展]
cnfirmatin n． 证实，证明；确认函
cnfirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的
cnfirm t have dne sth. 确认已完成某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It has been cnfirmed that this kind f fd is really safe t eat.
②I'm still waiting fr cnfirmatin (cnfirm) f the test results.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (be)similar t 与……相似
(教材P51) In 2011，wrds similar t thse f Mallry were spken by American muntain climber Alan Arnette，wh climbed Qmlangma in that year and was ging t climb ther high muntains arund the wrld.
2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说出了于马洛所言类似的话。艾伦当年攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地其他的高山。
[例1] This is similar t waiting fr a bus that never turns up.
这就跟等一辆永远也不来的公交车差不多。
[例2] She has a dictinary similar t mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
[造句] 玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。
Mary's hat is similar t Jane's.
[知识拓展]
be similar in 在……方面相似，和……差不多
similarly adv. 相似地；类似地
similarity n. 相似；类似
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The tw cars are very similar in size and design.
②The present situatin is similar t that in the year f 2010.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) fcus 使……成为焦点
(教材P51) It brings int fcus what's imprtant t yu.
登山会让你把注意力集中在对你来说重要的事情上。
[例1] This will braden yur hrizns and bring new ideas and pprtunities int fcus.
这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。
[例2] Recently，the issue f health has been brught int fcus.
最近健康问题成为人们关注的焦点。
[造句] 新经理组织能力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清楚并且解决好。
The new manager was s wellrganized that he brught the prblems int fcus and slve them sn.
[知识拓展]
fcus n． 焦点；集中点；焦距；中心
v. (使)集中；聚集
fcus sth.n 集中某物于/把某物对准……
fcus ne's attentin/mind/energy n
集中注意力/心思/精力于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Having fcused(fcus) his attentin n urgent prblems，he hardly has time t play games with yu.
②With the develpment f sciety，the fcus f public attentin has changed(change)，t.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) figure ut弄明白
(教材P51) It frces yu t lk deep inside yurself and figure ut if yu really have the physical，as well as mental，tughness t push when yu want t stp.
它会迫使你深入观察自己的内心，弄清楚自己的身体和心理是否真的坚韧不拔，在你想要停下的时候推动你继续向前。
[例1] I can't figure ut what he is talking abut.
我真搞不懂他在讲什么。
[例2] N ne culd figure ut where the gas came frm in his magic.
没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。
[造句] 小男孩似乎弄明白了老师正在讲解的题目。
The little by seems t have figured ut what the teacher is explaining.
[知识拓展]
figure n． 数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影
v. 计算；想；估计；认为
keep ne's figure 保持(优美的)身材
figure n 期待， 指望， 依赖
figure that 认为， 认定
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many stne figures (figure) alng the tw sides f the rad.
②Yu can figure n him shwing (shw) up in the party n time.
[小片段填空]
As an imprtant figure f the cmpany，Sue tried t figure ut hw t annunce that the cmpany had earned less than 6 figures that year.And mst imprtantly she figured that few peple was likely t believe her.
作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会相信她。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
(教材P51) With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking?
大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？
[例1] In an attempt t attract mre custmers，they tk a variety f measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。
[例2] The bys made an attempt t leave fr camping but were stpped by their parents.
男孩们想去野营，但被他们的父母拦住了。
[造句] 为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。
Tw factries were clsed in an attempt t cut csts.
[知识拓展]
attempt at ding sth./t d sth.尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt at ding/t d sth.
尝试或努力做某事
at ne's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There's n pint in attempting t present(present) yur idea t him—he'll never listen.
②He made an attempt t pass(pass) the 2021 Cllege Entrance Examinatin，but he didn't succeed in the end.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) (教材P51) He refers t the persnalities f these peple as“Type T”，with the“T”standing fr“thrill”．
他称这些人的人格为“T型”，“T”代表“thrill(刺激)”。
(1)refer 把……称之为
[例1] We refer t what are speaking as Han.
我们把我们正在说的称为“汉语”。
[例2] Peple wh wrk in ffices are usually referred t as“white cllar wrkers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
[造句] 她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。
She always refers t Tm as “that nice man”．
[知识拓展]
refer t sb. 指的是某人；提及某人
refer t sth. 参考；查阅；提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Students are asked t cmplete the exercise withut referring (refer) t any materials.
②He didn't find the wrd in the dictinary referred(refer) t just nw.
[小片段填空]
In his speech，he didn't refer t the pllutin f the cmpany at all.Althugh his secretary prepared enugh related infrmatin abut it fr him，he didn't refer t any.He was referred t as an irrespnsible leader by his clleagues.
在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。
(2)stand fr代表；主张
[例1] It's well knwn that the live branch stands fr peace.众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。
[例2] We Chinese stand fr peace and wish t settle all disputes by peaceful means.
我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。
[造句] PRC代表中华人民共和国。
PRC stands fr Peple's Republic f China.
[知识拓展]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand ut 显著；突出
stand up 站立；站起来
can't stand sth./ding sth. 不能忍受(做)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and d nthing when she needs help?
②I can't stand seeing (see) children smking anywhere at any time.
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句
(教材P51) It is still nt knwn if he succeeded in reaching the tp f Qmlangma befre it tk his life.
目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
句式分析：本句的结构分析如下：
[例1] It hasn't been decided if we'll g fr an autumn uting.
我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。
[例2] It remains t be seen if we are wrng in the matter.
在这件事上我们是否错了还有待观察。
[造句] 他是否能通过这次考试还不确定。
It was nt certain if he passed the exam.
[知识拓展]
(1)if引导的主语从句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主语。if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。
(2)whether引导主语从句时，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Whether the wrk can be cmpleted n time is dubtful.
②It is dubtful whether/if the wrk can be cmpleted n time.
③不知道他是否已经批准了我的计划。
a．It's unknwn if/whether he has agreed my plan．
b．Whether he has agreed my plan is unknwn.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 要么……要么……
(教材P51) With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking?
大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？
句式分析：本句中是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。
[例1] I'm ging t majr either maths r bilgy in university，as bth are my favrite subjects.
在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。
[例2] Yu either g r stay.Dn't just wander here ding nthing.
你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。
[造句] 我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。
We will elect either Zhang Wei r Liu Di as ur captain f ging uting.
[知识拓展]
主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是nt ，也可以是。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Either yu r I am (be) wrng.It is impssible that we are bth right.
②One will get ill，either because he desn't take enugh exercise，r because he desn't have a healthy diet.
③He neither knws nr cares(既不知道也不关心) what happened.
④Neither the teacher nr the students(老师和学生都不) are ging t Huangshan.
1．(教材P50) Fr these peple，climbing Qmlangma is an experience like n ther，making sme feel weak and thers，pwerful.
[分析] 此句是一个主系表结构的简单句。Climbing Qmlangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。like n ther是介词短语意思是“与众不同”。making sme feel weak and thers，pwerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语an experience，结构为：make sb.d sth.，and 后面为省略结构，原句应该为making thers feel pwerful。
[译文] 对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．(教材P51) Psychlgist Frank Farley has spent years studying peple wh jump ut f planes and drive fast cars，as well as thse wh climb Qmlangma.
[分析] 此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spend time ding sth.后面的宾语peple后面有两个wh引导的定语从句；as well as连接两个定语从句。
[译文] 心理学家弗兰克·法利曾花费数年时间研究那些跳伞、飙车，还有攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The girl wn the game at her first (ne) attempt in the natinal cmpetitin.
2．I culd hear them talking but I culdn't figure ut what they were saying.
3．I like English and thus I chse English as my majr in the cllege.
4．I'm ging t buy either a camera r a CD player with the mney.
5．Wuld yu like t knw what the stars n the natinal flag stand fr?
6．Thse referred(refer)t as heres are the cmmn peple arund us.
7．The result f the exam cnfirmed (cnfirm) ur judgement befre.
8．We can nly attract smene similar t urselves (us)in character and persnality.
9．The explsin brught the schl bus safety int fcus f the schl's daily wrk.
10．It is generally believed that we shuld make it clear if we have the ptential t d better what we are ding.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pen up； fcus；result in；be cnnected t；refer t... as；stand fr；figure ut；fcus n；take risk；benefit frm
1．In China，these knts stand fr friendship and gd luck.
2．Peple wh like taking risks are adventurus and daring t d almst everything.
3．The latest news brings Sun Yang int fcus but he makes n cmment.
4．Yu really have t figure ut what yu are gd at and try t achieve it.
5．Many cuntries have benefited frm the The Belt and Rad Initiative.
6．The new prject pens up a new rad t cperate with different business partners.
7．The failure f Chinese Basketball team resulted in the lss f the chance t the Olympic Games.
8．We Chinese peple refer t ur language as Han，which we are all prud f.
9．If yu want t achieve yur gal，yu need t fcus n what is the mst imprtant.
10．Our health is clsely cnnected t ur eating habits and daily lifestyle.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Last year, hundreds f peple spent a lt f mney n climbing Qmlangma even thugh they knew they wuld be challenged with different risks. Fr sme peple，climbing makes them feel 1.pwerful(pwer)．
Gerge Mallry believed that we ate and made mney 2.t enjy(enjy) life. Sadly, this climber lst his life in 1924 while he 3.was climbing(climb) is still nt knwn if he succeeded in reaching the tp befre it tk his life.Alan Arnette，5.wh climbed Qmlangma in 2011, held the idea that climbing brught 6.int fcus what was imprtant t yu in yur life. He believed that there were a thusand reasns t turn arund and nly ne t keep ging. He added that yu had t fcus n 7.the ne reasn that's mst imprtant and unique t yu. And it helped yu figure ut whether yu had the physical and mental 8.tughness(tugh) t push when yu wanted t give up.
With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma 9.resulting(result)either in ttal success r failure, is there als a scientific reasn? Recent studies indicate that risktaking may be part f human nature. Besides，peple enjy climbing because they expect t benefit frm the result.
Therefre, it's 10.ttally(ttal) up t yu whether yu will take the risk f climbing Qmlangma.教材
高考
1.With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking？
(2017·江苏卷)A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help shape yur year ahead.
2.He refers t the persnalities f these peple as “Type T”，with the “T” standing fr“thrill”．
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang Shu，a 49yearld Chinese architect，wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture—n February 28.
1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→ initially adv.最初，首先；开头→initiative n．首创精神；倡议
2．cnfirm v．证实，证明 →cnfirmatin n．确认；证实；证明
3．crwd n．人群→ crwded adj.拥挤的；塞满的
4．attempt n．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的
5．fail v．失败→failure n．失败
6．psychlgy n．心理学→psychlgist n．心理学家
1．up t达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)
①I can take up t fur peple in my car.多达
②I dn't feel up t the task.胜任
③Up t yesterday，I thught he was single.直到
④It's up t yu t decide whether t g r t stay.由……决定
2．figure ut 想出， 理解； 弄明白， 看透；计算出
①I can't figure ut what he was hinting at.看透
②Please figure ut the ttal cst.计算出
③Culd yu help me figure ut this prblem? 解决
④I didn't figure ut hw t d it.想出
⑤I simply culdn't figure ut his intentin.弄明白
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) thus adv.因此，从而
(教材P49) Christpher Clumbus(1451－1506)was an Italian explrer wh cmpleted jurneys between Spain and the Americas，thus marking the beginning f Eurpean explratin f the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。
[例1] The universities have expanded，thus allwing many mre peple the chance f higher educatin.
大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
[例2] We d nt wn the building.Thus，it wuld be impssible fr us t make any majr changes t it.
我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。
[造句] 老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。
Old peple ften try t save mney t eat，thus endangering their health.
[知识拓展]
therefre adv. 因此；所以
s cnj. 因此；所以
as a result 结果；因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They never change and thus/therefre I can trust them.
②He lst his health，and therefre his difficulties increased.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) cnfirm v．证实，证明
(教材P50) The first peple cnfirmed t have reached the tp were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Nrgay in 1953.
第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。
[例1] The news f hliday was later cnfirmed by ur headteacher.
放假的消息，后来从班主任那里得到了证实。
[例2] His guilty expressin cnfirmed my dubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
[造句] 你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？
Can yu cnfirm what happened next?
[知识拓展]
cnfirmatin n． 证实，证明；确认函
cnfirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的
cnfirm t have dne sth. 确认已完成某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It has been cnfirmed that this kind f fd is really safe t eat.
②I'm still waiting fr cnfirmatin (cnfirm) f the test results.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (be)similar t 与……相似
(教材P51) In 2011，wrds similar t thse f Mallry were spken by American muntain climber Alan Arnette，wh climbed Qmlangma in that year and was ging t climb ther high muntains arund the wrld.
2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特说出了于马洛所言类似的话。艾伦当年攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地其他的高山。
[例1] This is similar t waiting fr a bus that never turns up.
这就跟等一辆永远也不来的公交车差不多。
[例2] She has a dictinary similar t mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
[造句] 玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。
Mary's hat is similar t Jane's.
[知识拓展]
be similar in 在……方面相似，和……差不多
similarly adv. 相似地；类似地
similarity n. 相似；类似
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The tw cars are very similar in size and design.
②The present situatin is similar t that in the year f 2010.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) fcus 使……成为焦点
(教材P51) It brings int fcus what's imprtant t yu.
登山会让你把注意力集中在对你来说重要的事情上。
[例1] This will braden yur hrizns and bring new ideas and pprtunities int fcus.
这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。
[例2] Recently，the issue f health has been brught int fcus.
最近健康问题成为人们关注的焦点。
[造句] 新经理组织能力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清楚并且解决好。
The new manager was s wellrganized that he brught the prblems int fcus and slve them sn.
[知识拓展]
fcus n． 焦点；集中点；焦距；中心
v. (使)集中；聚集
fcus sth.n 集中某物于/把某物对准……
fcus ne's attentin/mind/energy n
集中注意力/心思/精力于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Having fcused(fcus) his attentin n urgent prblems，he hardly has time t play games with yu.
②With the develpment f sciety，the fcus f public attentin has changed(change)，t.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) figure ut弄明白
(教材P51) It frces yu t lk deep inside yurself and figure ut if yu really have the physical，as well as mental，tughness t push when yu want t stp.
它会迫使你深入观察自己的内心，弄清楚自己的身体和心理是否真的坚韧不拔，在你想要停下的时候推动你继续向前。
[例1] I can't figure ut what he is talking abut.
我真搞不懂他在讲什么。
[例2] N ne culd figure ut where the gas came frm in his magic.
没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。
[造句] 小男孩似乎弄明白了老师正在讲解的题目。
The little by seems t have figured ut what the teacher is explaining.
[知识拓展]
figure n． 数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影
v. 计算；想；估计；认为
keep ne's figure 保持(优美的)身材
figure n 期待， 指望， 依赖
figure that 认为， 认定
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many stne figures (figure) alng the tw sides f the rad.
②Yu can figure n him shwing (shw) up in the party n time.
[小片段填空]
As an imprtant figure f the cmpany，Sue tried t figure ut hw t annunce that the cmpany had earned less than 6 figures that year.And mst imprtantly she figured that few peple was likely t believe her.
作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会相信她。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
(教材P51) With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking?
大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？
[例1] In an attempt t attract mre custmers，they tk a variety f measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。
[例2] The bys made an attempt t leave fr camping but were stpped by their parents.
男孩们想去野营，但被他们的父母拦住了。
[造句] 为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。
Tw factries were clsed in an attempt t cut csts.
[知识拓展]
attempt at ding sth./t d sth.尝试或努力做某事
make an attempt at ding/t d sth.
尝试或努力做某事
at ne's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There's n pint in attempting t present(present) yur idea t him—he'll never listen.
②He made an attempt t pass(pass) the 2021 Cllege Entrance Examinatin，but he didn't succeed in the end.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) (教材P51) He refers t the persnalities f these peple as“Type T”，with the“T”standing fr“thrill”．
他称这些人的人格为“T型”，“T”代表“thrill(刺激)”。
(1)refer 把……称之为
[例1] We refer t what are speaking as Han.
我们把我们正在说的称为“汉语”。
[例2] Peple wh wrk in ffices are usually referred t as“white cllar wrkers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
[造句] 她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。
She always refers t Tm as “that nice man”．
[知识拓展]
refer t sb. 指的是某人；提及某人
refer t sth. 参考；查阅；提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Students are asked t cmplete the exercise withut referring (refer) t any materials.
②He didn't find the wrd in the dictinary referred(refer) t just nw.
[小片段填空]
In his speech，he didn't refer t the pllutin f the cmpany at all.Althugh his secretary prepared enugh related infrmatin abut it fr him，he didn't refer t any.He was referred t as an irrespnsible leader by his clleagues.
在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。
(2)stand fr代表；主张
[例1] It's well knwn that the live branch stands fr peace.众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。
[例2] We Chinese stand fr peace and wish t settle all disputes by peaceful means.
我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。
[造句] PRC代表中华人民共和国。
PRC stands fr Peple's Republic f China.
[知识拓展]
stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand ut 显著；突出
stand up 站立；站起来
can't stand sth./ding sth. 不能忍受(做)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and d nthing when she needs help?
②I can't stand seeing (see) children smking anywhere at any time.
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句
(教材P51) It is still nt knwn if he succeeded in reaching the tp f Qmlangma befre it tk his life.
目前尚不清楚他是否在遇难前成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
句式分析：本句的结构分析如下：
[例1] It hasn't been decided if we'll g fr an autumn uting.
我们是否要去秋游还没定下来。
[例2] It remains t be seen if we are wrng in the matter.
在这件事上我们是否错了还有待观察。
[造句] 他是否能通过这次考试还不确定。
It was nt certain if he passed the exam.
[知识拓展]
(1)if引导的主语从句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主语。if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。
(2)whether引导主语从句时，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Whether the wrk can be cmpleted n time is dubtful.
②It is dubtful whether/if the wrk can be cmpleted n time.
③不知道他是否已经批准了我的计划。
a．It's unknwn if/whether he has agreed my plan．
b．Whether he has agreed my plan is unknwn.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 要么……要么……
(教材P51) With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking?
大部分攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试都以大获全胜或彻底失败结束，那么，在这样的冒险背后是否也存在什么科学的原因呢？
句式分析：本句中是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。
[例1] I'm ging t majr either maths r bilgy in university，as bth are my favrite subjects.
在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。
[例2] Yu either g r stay.Dn't just wander here ding nthing.
你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。
[造句] 我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。
We will elect either Zhang Wei r Liu Di as ur captain f ging uting.
[知识拓展]
主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是nt ，也可以是。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Either yu r I am (be) wrng.It is impssible that we are bth right.
②One will get ill，either because he desn't take enugh exercise，r because he desn't have a healthy diet.
③He neither knws nr cares(既不知道也不关心) what happened.
④Neither the teacher nr the students(老师和学生都不) are ging t Huangshan.
1．(教材P50) Fr these peple，climbing Qmlangma is an experience like n ther，making sme feel weak and thers，pwerful.
[分析] 此句是一个主系表结构的简单句。Climbing Qmlangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。like n ther是介词短语意思是“与众不同”。making sme feel weak and thers，pwerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语an experience，结构为：make sb.d sth.，and 后面为省略结构，原句应该为making thers feel pwerful。
[译文] 对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．(教材P51) Psychlgist Frank Farley has spent years studying peple wh jump ut f planes and drive fast cars，as well as thse wh climb Qmlangma.
[分析] 此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spend time ding sth.后面的宾语peple后面有两个wh引导的定语从句；as well as连接两个定语从句。
[译文] 心理学家弗兰克·法利曾花费数年时间研究那些跳伞、飙车，还有攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The girl wn the game at her first (ne) attempt in the natinal cmpetitin.
2．I culd hear them talking but I culdn't figure ut what they were saying.
3．I like English and thus I chse English as my majr in the cllege.
4．I'm ging t buy either a camera r a CD player with the mney.
5．Wuld yu like t knw what the stars n the natinal flag stand fr?
6．Thse referred(refer)t as heres are the cmmn peple arund us.
7．The result f the exam cnfirmed (cnfirm) ur judgement befre.
8．We can nly attract smene similar t urselves (us)in character and persnality.
9．The explsin brught the schl bus safety int fcus f the schl's daily wrk.
10．It is generally believed that we shuld make it clear if we have the ptential t d better what we are ding.
Ⅱ.短语填空
pen up； fcus；result in；be cnnected t；refer t... as；stand fr；figure ut；fcus n；take risk；benefit frm
1．In China，these knts stand fr friendship and gd luck.
2．Peple wh like taking risks are adventurus and daring t d almst everything.
3．The latest news brings Sun Yang int fcus but he makes n cmment.
4．Yu really have t figure ut what yu are gd at and try t achieve it.
5．Many cuntries have benefited frm the The Belt and Rad Initiative.
6．The new prject pens up a new rad t cperate with different business partners.
7．The failure f Chinese Basketball team resulted in the lss f the chance t the Olympic Games.
8．We Chinese peple refer t ur language as Han，which we are all prud f.
9．If yu want t achieve yur gal，yu need t fcus n what is the mst imprtant.
10．Our health is clsely cnnected t ur eating habits and daily lifestyle.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Last year, hundreds f peple spent a lt f mney n climbing Qmlangma even thugh they knew they wuld be challenged with different risks. Fr sme peple，climbing makes them feel 1.pwerful(pwer)．
Gerge Mallry believed that we ate and made mney 2.t enjy(enjy) life. Sadly, this climber lst his life in 1924 while he 3.was climbing(climb) is still nt knwn if he succeeded in reaching the tp befre it tk his life.Alan Arnette，5.wh climbed Qmlangma in 2011, held the idea that climbing brught 6.int fcus what was imprtant t yu in yur life. He believed that there were a thusand reasns t turn arund and nly ne t keep ging. He added that yu had t fcus n 7.the ne reasn that's mst imprtant and unique t yu. And it helped yu figure ut whether yu had the physical and mental 8.tughness(tugh) t push when yu wanted t give up.
With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma 9.resulting(result)either in ttal success r failure, is there als a scientific reasn? Recent studies indicate that risktaking may be part f human nature. Besides，peple enjy climbing because they expect t benefit frm the result.
Therefre, it's 10.ttally(ttal) up t yu whether yu will take the risk f climbing Qmlangma.教材
高考
1.With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma resulting either in ttal success r failure，is there als a scientific reasn behind this risktaking？
(2017·江苏卷)A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help shape yur year ahead.
2.He refers t the persnalities f these peple as “Type T”，with the “T” standing fr“thrill”．
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang Shu，a 49yearld Chinese architect，wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture—n February 28.
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