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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature课后测评
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature课后测评，共6页。
The Erie Canal was the first imprtant natinal waterway built in the US.It crssed New Yrk frm Buffal n Lake Erie Try t Albany n the Hudsn River.It jined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.The canal served as a rute ver which industrial gds culd flw int the west，and materials culd pur int the east.The Erie Canal helped New Yrk develp int the natin's largest city.
The building f the canal was paid fr entirely by the state f New Yrk.It cst $7,143,789，but it sn gained its price many times ver.Between 1825，when the canal was pened，and 1882，when tll charges(过运河费) were stpped，the state cllected $121,461,891.
Fr a hundred years befre the Erie was built，peple had been talking abut a canal which culd jin the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.The man wh planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan thrugh was De Witt Clintn.Thse wh were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintn's Ditch(沟)”．Clintn talked and wrte abut the canal and drew up plans fr it.He and Gvernr Mrris went t Washingtn in 1812 t ask fr help fr the canal，but they were unsuccessful.
Clintn became gvernr f New Yrk in 1817，and shrtly afterwards，n July 4,1817，brke grund fr the canal in Rme， first part f the canal was cmpleted in 1820.As the canal grew，twns alng its curse develped fast.The length f the canal is 363 miles.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了Erie Canal的作用及修建过程。
1．We can see that the Erie Canal .
A．jined the Great Lakes tgether
B．crssed New Yrk frm nrth t suth
C．played an imprtant part in develping New Yrk City
D．was the first waterway built in the US
C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The Erie Canal helped New Yrk develp int the natin's largest city.”及全段内容可推知，此题答案为C。]
2．It can be inferred that int the Atlantic Ocean.
A．the Great Lakes flw
B．the Hudsn River flws
C．Lake Erie flws
D．the Erie Canal flws
B [推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句和第三句：“It crssed New Yrk frm Buffal n Lake Erie Try t Albany n the Hudsn River.It jined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.”可推知此题答案为B。]
3．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A．The Erie Canal brught prfits f ver $114,000,000.
B．It's 363 miles frm the Great Lakes t the Atlantic Ocean.
C．The West was mre advanced than the East when the canal was built.
D．Many ther states helped New Yrk built the canal.
A [推理判断题。通过比较文章第二段第2句中的“It cst $ 7,143,789”和第二段最后一句中的“ state cllected $121,461,891”可推知此题答案为A。]
4．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A．Clintn brke grund fr the canal at bth ends.
B．Clintn started building the canal befre he became gvernr.
C．All parts f the canal were cmpleted at the same time.
D．Cnstructin f the canal tk eight years.
D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的“ July 4,1817，brke grund fr the canal in Rme，N.Y.”和第二段第三句中的“Between 1825，when the canal was pened...”可推知此题答案为D。]
B
Have yu ever pressed the pedestrian buttn at a crsswalk and wndered if it really wrked？They're called “placeb(安慰剂)buttns”—buttns that mechanically sund and can be pushed，but prvide n functinality.
In New Yrk City，nly abut 100 f the 1,000 crsswalk buttns actually functin.Crsswalk signals were generally installed befre traffic jam had reached tday's levels.
But while their functin was taken ver by mre advanced systems—such as autmated lights r traffic sensrs—the physical buttns were ften kept，rather than being replaced at further expense.Other cities，such as Bstn，Dallas and Seattle，have gne thrugh a similar prcess，leaving them with their wn placeb pedestrian buttns.In Lndn，which has 6,000 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian buttn results in a reliable “Wait” light.But that desn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—r “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design prfessin—will appear any sner.
“We d have sme crssings where the green light cmes n autmatically，but we still ask peple t press the buttn because that enables accessible features，”said Glynn Bartn，directr f netwrk management at Transprt fr Lndn.
These features，such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals，help peple with visual disrder crss the rad and nly functin when the buttn is pressed.As fr the lights，a grwing number f them are nw cmbined and becme a part f an electrnic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accrdingly (giving pririty t buses if they're running late，fr example)，which means that pressing the buttn has n effect.
Accrding t Langer，a Harvard psychlgist，placeb buttns give us the illusin (错觉)f cntrl—and smething t d in situatins where the alternative wuld be ding nthing.In the case f pedestrian crssings，they may even make us safer by frcing us t pay attentin t ur surrundings.“They serve a psychlgical purpse at the very least，” she added.
【语篇解读】 人行道上的“行人”按钮以及电梯里的“关门”按钮，你怀疑过它们的效果吗？本文说明了这些被称为“安慰剂按钮”存在的原因。
5．Why are the physical buttns still kept in sme cities?
A．Because it may cst mney t replace them.
B．Because they remain as memries f a city.
C．Because d have real functins in traffic.
D．Because they can result in reliable lights.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the physical buttns were ften kept，rather than being replaced at further expense”可知，这些按钮没有替换掉是因为换掉它们花费的成本更多。故选A。]
6．Which f the fllwing wrd can replace the underline wrd “features” in Paragraph 4?
A．Functins. B．Uses.
C．Equipment. D．Facilities.
D [词义猜测题。根据第五段中“These features，such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals，help peple with visual disrder crss the rad and nly functin when the buttn is pressed.(这些设施，如盲道和可听到的交通信号，帮助有视觉障碍的人过马路，只有按下按钮才能发挥作用。)”可推知，第四段中划线词的意思是“设施”。故选D。]
7．If yu pressed a “placeb buttn” in Lndn，what wuld happen?
A．All traffic wuld be affected.
B．Sme kind f sund might appear.
C．Pedestrians came first t crss the rad.
D．“Green man” were bund t shw up earlier.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Lndn，which has 6,000 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian buttn results in a reliable “Wait” light.But that desn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—r “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design prfessin—will appear any sner.”可知，如果你在伦敦按下“安慰剂按钮”，可能会出现某种声音。故选B。]
8．What can we knw abut “placeb buttns” frm Langer's wrds?
A．They can really cntrl traffic.
B．They serve little functins.
C．They may wrk mentally.
D．They can help the blind.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Accrding t Langer，a Harvard psychlgist，placeb buttns give us the illusin (错觉)f cntrl—and smething t d in situatins where the alternative wuld be ding nthing.”可知从Langer的话中，我们可知“placeb buttns”给我们被控制的错觉，因此推断它对我们的心理可能造成影响。故选C。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Every summer，hundreds f thusands f students travel t ther cuntries lking fr wrk and adventure.Mst f the pprtunities are in seasnal wrk，mainly cnnected with turism and agriculture.The pay is usually pr，but mst peple wrk abrad fr the thrill f travel.Yu can pick grapes in France，wrk n a family campsite，entertain kids n American summer camps，and f curse，there are always jbs in htels and restaurants.
But it is nt as easy as it used t be t find wrk.“Unless yu speak the language f the cuntry，there will be very few penings.” says Anthea Ellis，an adviser n vacatin wrk fr students.“If yu wrk as a nanny with a family in Italy，then f curse yu'll have t speak Italian.When yu arrive t wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris，the wner will expect yu t speak French.”
Nt everyne enjys the experience.Sarah James was an assistant respnsible fr a summer camp grup f frty America children in Eurpe.One child lst his passprt；anther became seriusly ill and was flwn hme；fur children were lst in Madrid fr a whle day；
the whle grup was thrwn ut f ne htel because f the nise they made.“I did visit a lt f new places，” she says，“but it wasn't wrth it.The pay was awful and really was a 24huraday jb.The kids never slept！”
“The truble is，students expect t have an easy time f it，” Anthea Ellis pints ut.“After all，they see it as a hliday.In practice，thugh，yu have t wrk hard.At the same time，all vacatin wrk is casual wrk.Yu'll have a jb when the htel，the restaurant，r the campsite is busy and yu have few emplyment rights.As sn as the hliday seasn finished，they'll get rid f yu.If yu dn't wrk hard，r if yur emplyer desn't like yu，yu'll get fired.”
【参考范文】
Many students seek vacatin wrk abrad every summer fr the excitement f travel while wrking.(要点1) Hwever，language is smetimes a barrier when yu seek jbs verseas.(要点2)Meanwhile，sme students dn't think it wrthwhile，like Sarah，wh was very disappinted at her experience because f tiring heavy wrk and lw pay.(要点3) Wrse still，vacatin wrk is infrmal and temprary，meaning that yu can be easily ut f wrk.(要点4)
The Erie Canal was the first imprtant natinal waterway built in the US.It crssed New Yrk frm Buffal n Lake Erie Try t Albany n the Hudsn River.It jined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.The canal served as a rute ver which industrial gds culd flw int the west，and materials culd pur int the east.The Erie Canal helped New Yrk develp int the natin's largest city.
The building f the canal was paid fr entirely by the state f New Yrk.It cst $7,143,789，but it sn gained its price many times ver.Between 1825，when the canal was pened，and 1882，when tll charges(过运河费) were stpped，the state cllected $121,461,891.
Fr a hundred years befre the Erie was built，peple had been talking abut a canal which culd jin the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.The man wh planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan thrugh was De Witt Clintn.Thse wh were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintn's Ditch(沟)”．Clintn talked and wrte abut the canal and drew up plans fr it.He and Gvernr Mrris went t Washingtn in 1812 t ask fr help fr the canal，but they were unsuccessful.
Clintn became gvernr f New Yrk in 1817，and shrtly afterwards，n July 4,1817，brke grund fr the canal in Rme， first part f the canal was cmpleted in 1820.As the canal grew，twns alng its curse develped fast.The length f the canal is 363 miles.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了Erie Canal的作用及修建过程。
1．We can see that the Erie Canal .
A．jined the Great Lakes tgether
B．crssed New Yrk frm nrth t suth
C．played an imprtant part in develping New Yrk City
D．was the first waterway built in the US
C [细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The Erie Canal helped New Yrk develp int the natin's largest city.”及全段内容可推知，此题答案为C。]
2．It can be inferred that int the Atlantic Ocean.
A．the Great Lakes flw
B．the Hudsn River flws
C．Lake Erie flws
D．the Erie Canal flws
B [推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句和第三句：“It crssed New Yrk frm Buffal n Lake Erie Try t Albany n the Hudsn River.It jined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.”可推知此题答案为B。]
3．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A．The Erie Canal brught prfits f ver $114,000,000.
B．It's 363 miles frm the Great Lakes t the Atlantic Ocean.
C．The West was mre advanced than the East when the canal was built.
D．Many ther states helped New Yrk built the canal.
A [推理判断题。通过比较文章第二段第2句中的“It cst $ 7,143,789”和第二段最后一句中的“ state cllected $121,461,891”可推知此题答案为A。]
4．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A．Clintn brke grund fr the canal at bth ends.
B．Clintn started building the canal befre he became gvernr.
C．All parts f the canal were cmpleted at the same time.
D．Cnstructin f the canal tk eight years.
D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的“ July 4,1817，brke grund fr the canal in Rme，N.Y.”和第二段第三句中的“Between 1825，when the canal was pened...”可推知此题答案为D。]
B
Have yu ever pressed the pedestrian buttn at a crsswalk and wndered if it really wrked？They're called “placeb(安慰剂)buttns”—buttns that mechanically sund and can be pushed，but prvide n functinality.
In New Yrk City，nly abut 100 f the 1,000 crsswalk buttns actually functin.Crsswalk signals were generally installed befre traffic jam had reached tday's levels.
But while their functin was taken ver by mre advanced systems—such as autmated lights r traffic sensrs—the physical buttns were ften kept，rather than being replaced at further expense.Other cities，such as Bstn，Dallas and Seattle，have gne thrugh a similar prcess，leaving them with their wn placeb pedestrian buttns.In Lndn，which has 6,000 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian buttn results in a reliable “Wait” light.But that desn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—r “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design prfessin—will appear any sner.
“We d have sme crssings where the green light cmes n autmatically，but we still ask peple t press the buttn because that enables accessible features，”said Glynn Bartn，directr f netwrk management at Transprt fr Lndn.
These features，such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals，help peple with visual disrder crss the rad and nly functin when the buttn is pressed.As fr the lights，a grwing number f them are nw cmbined and becme a part f an electrnic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accrdingly (giving pririty t buses if they're running late，fr example)，which means that pressing the buttn has n effect.
Accrding t Langer，a Harvard psychlgist，placeb buttns give us the illusin (错觉)f cntrl—and smething t d in situatins where the alternative wuld be ding nthing.In the case f pedestrian crssings，they may even make us safer by frcing us t pay attentin t ur surrundings.“They serve a psychlgical purpse at the very least，” she added.
【语篇解读】 人行道上的“行人”按钮以及电梯里的“关门”按钮，你怀疑过它们的效果吗？本文说明了这些被称为“安慰剂按钮”存在的原因。
5．Why are the physical buttns still kept in sme cities?
A．Because it may cst mney t replace them.
B．Because they remain as memries f a city.
C．Because d have real functins in traffic.
D．Because they can result in reliable lights.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the physical buttns were ften kept，rather than being replaced at further expense”可知，这些按钮没有替换掉是因为换掉它们花费的成本更多。故选A。]
6．Which f the fllwing wrd can replace the underline wrd “features” in Paragraph 4?
A．Functins. B．Uses.
C．Equipment. D．Facilities.
D [词义猜测题。根据第五段中“These features，such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals，help peple with visual disrder crss the rad and nly functin when the buttn is pressed.(这些设施，如盲道和可听到的交通信号，帮助有视觉障碍的人过马路，只有按下按钮才能发挥作用。)”可推知，第四段中划线词的意思是“设施”。故选D。]
7．If yu pressed a “placeb buttn” in Lndn，what wuld happen?
A．All traffic wuld be affected.
B．Sme kind f sund might appear.
C．Pedestrians came first t crss the rad.
D．“Green man” were bund t shw up earlier.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Lndn，which has 6,000 traffic signals，pressing the pedestrian buttn results in a reliable “Wait” light.But that desn't necessarily mean that the “green man”—r “pedestrian stage” in traffic signal design prfessin—will appear any sner.”可知，如果你在伦敦按下“安慰剂按钮”，可能会出现某种声音。故选B。]
8．What can we knw abut “placeb buttns” frm Langer's wrds?
A．They can really cntrl traffic.
B．They serve little functins.
C．They may wrk mentally.
D．They can help the blind.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Accrding t Langer，a Harvard psychlgist，placeb buttns give us the illusin (错觉)f cntrl—and smething t d in situatins where the alternative wuld be ding nthing.”可知从Langer的话中，我们可知“placeb buttns”给我们被控制的错觉，因此推断它对我们的心理可能造成影响。故选C。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Every summer，hundreds f thusands f students travel t ther cuntries lking fr wrk and adventure.Mst f the pprtunities are in seasnal wrk，mainly cnnected with turism and agriculture.The pay is usually pr，but mst peple wrk abrad fr the thrill f travel.Yu can pick grapes in France，wrk n a family campsite，entertain kids n American summer camps，and f curse，there are always jbs in htels and restaurants.
But it is nt as easy as it used t be t find wrk.“Unless yu speak the language f the cuntry，there will be very few penings.” says Anthea Ellis，an adviser n vacatin wrk fr students.“If yu wrk as a nanny with a family in Italy，then f curse yu'll have t speak Italian.When yu arrive t wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris，the wner will expect yu t speak French.”
Nt everyne enjys the experience.Sarah James was an assistant respnsible fr a summer camp grup f frty America children in Eurpe.One child lst his passprt；anther became seriusly ill and was flwn hme；fur children were lst in Madrid fr a whle day；
the whle grup was thrwn ut f ne htel because f the nise they made.“I did visit a lt f new places，” she says，“but it wasn't wrth it.The pay was awful and really was a 24huraday jb.The kids never slept！”
“The truble is，students expect t have an easy time f it，” Anthea Ellis pints ut.“After all，they see it as a hliday.In practice，thugh，yu have t wrk hard.At the same time，all vacatin wrk is casual wrk.Yu'll have a jb when the htel，the restaurant，r the campsite is busy and yu have few emplyment rights.As sn as the hliday seasn finished，they'll get rid f yu.If yu dn't wrk hard，r if yur emplyer desn't like yu，yu'll get fired.”
【参考范文】
Many students seek vacatin wrk abrad every summer fr the excitement f travel while wrking.(要点1) Hwever，language is smetimes a barrier when yu seek jbs verseas.(要点2)Meanwhile，sme students dn't think it wrthwhile，like Sarah，wh was very disappinted at her experience because f tiring heavy wrk and lw pay.(要点3) Wrse still，vacatin wrk is infrmal and temprary，meaning that yu can be easily ut f wrk.(要点4)
