2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：必修四Unit2　Workingtheland

Unit 2　Working the land阅读词汇1.statistic n.　　　　数据;统计;统计数字;统计资料2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的3.super adj.   特级的;超级的4.output n. 产量;输出5.circulate vt.& vi.   循环;流传6.grain n. 谷物;粮食;颗粒7.occupation n. 工作;职业;占领8.personality n.   性格;个性;人格9.chemical adj. 化学的;关于化学的10.organic adj. 有机的;器官的;组织的11.fertile adj. 肥沃的;富饶的12.fertilizer n.   肥料;化肥13.bacteria n. (bacterium的复数形式)细菌14.nutrition n. 营养;滋养;食物15.pest n. 害虫;害兽;害鸟16.mineral n.  矿物;矿石17.skim vt. 浏览;略读18.underline vt.   画底线标出;强调19.industrial adj. 工业的;产业的识记词汇1.struggle vi.& n.　 斗争;拼搏;努力2.decade n. 十年;十年期3.crop n. 庄稼;农作物;产量4.hunger n. 饥饿;欲望vt.& vi. (使)饥饿5.disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的;令人不安的6.expand vt.& vi. 使变大;伸展7.battle n. 战役;战斗;较量;斗争vt.& vi. 搏斗;奋斗8.rid vt. 摆脱;除去9.freedom n. 自由;自主10.therefore adv. 因此;所以;因而11.equip vt.& vi. 配备;装备12.export vt.& vi. 输出;出口13.confuse vt. 使迷惑;使为难14.regret vt. 遗憾;惋惜n. 遗憾;懊悔15.production n. 生产;制造 16.discovery n. 发现;发觉识记词汇17.focus n.　　　　　　焦点;中心点vt. 集中;聚焦18.soil n. 土壤19.reduce vt. 减少;减缩20.root n. 根;根源21.summary n. 总结;摘要;概要22.comment n. 评论;议论vi.& vt. 表达意见;作出评论23.nationality n. 国籍拓展词汇1.hunger n.饥饿;欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的;渴望得到的2.freedom n.自由;自主→free adj.自由的3.production n.生产;制造→produce vt.生产→producer n.生产者;制片人4.discovery n.发现;发觉→discover vt.发现;发觉→discoverer n.发现者5.equip vt.& vi.配备;装备→equipment n.装备;设备(不可数)6.confuse vt.使迷惑;使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的7.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbed adj.不安的→disturb vt.扰乱;打扰8.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家;民族→national adj.民族的短语记忆1.lead to　　　　　导致;造成(后果)2.focus on∕upon 集中(注意力、精力等)于3.keep...free from∕of 使……免受(影响、伤害等);使……不含(有害物)4.rid...of 使……摆脱或除去5.thanks to 幸亏;由于;因为6.be satisfied with 对……感到满意7.build up 逐渐增强;建立;开发8.be rich in 盛产;富含9.in addition 另外句型整理If so,what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话,你做了些什么来种植这些植物?重点语法The -ing form as the Subject and Object(v.-ing形式用作主语和宾语)1.struggle vi.& n.奋斗,努力;斗争,抗争归纳拓展①struggle against∕with sb.∕sth.与……斗争;与……抗争②struggle (with sb.) for sth.为争取……而(与某人)斗争③struggle to do sth.艰难地做某事,挣扎着做某事;努力做某事④struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来完成句子①我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难斗争。We have to struggle against all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.②随着越来越多的快餐概念进入市场,麻雀餐馆的菜单必须为争夺关注而努力。With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market,the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.③She struggled to her feet(挣扎着站起来)and headed for the stream.2.rid vt.摆脱;除去归纳拓展①rid sb.∕sth. of...使某人∕某物摆脱……②rid oneself of debt还清债务③get rid of摆脱掉,除掉,处理掉④be∕become free of sb.∕sth.摆脱某人∕某物完成句子①为什么他总是无法摆脱那些想法?Why couldn’t he ever rid himself of those thoughts?②School uniforms are traditional in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them(摆脱它们).(2019年6月浙江,语法填空) “动词+某人+of+某物”常见短语还有:①rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物②remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事③inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事④convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事3.regret vt.遗憾;惋惜n.遗憾;懊悔归纳拓展①regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(do 往往限于 say,tell,inform 等几个词)②regret doing∕having done sth.后悔做了某事③regret that 从句　遗憾……④to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是⑤with great∕deep regret 很遗憾单句填空①We regret to inform(inform) you that you owe the bank ￡100.②However, when she hung up, she regretted (regret)the way she had handled the call.(2019年6月浙江,阅读理解A) 完成句子③我一直后悔在上学期间没有努力学习。I have always regretted not having studied hard at school. 与regret用法类似的动词4.reduce vt.减少,减缩归纳拓展①reduce...to...把……减少到……②reduce...by...把……减少了……③be reduced to 沦落为……;陷入某种状态;被降职到……单句填空①His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce(reduce) litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.(2018年6月浙江,阅读理解B)②A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.③It has reduced(reduce) its size from about 135,000 employees to 75,000.1.would rather 宁愿;宁可归纳拓展①would rather (not) do...宁愿(不)做……②完成句子①你单枪匹马,没有时间浪费在那些宁愿捣乱或搅乱你目标的人身上。You are only one person,and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.②我宁愿你昨天就把作业做完了。I would rather you had finished your homework yesterday.一句多译他们宁愿去钓鱼,也不愿待在家里。③They would go fishing rather than stay at home.④They would rather go fishing than stay at home.⑤They prefer to go fishing rather than stay at home.2.lead to 导致;造成(后果);通往,通向归纳拓展①lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事②lead sb.to some place 带领某人去某地③lead the way 引路,带路④lead∕live a...life 过着……的生活完成句子①那么,你怎么能让闲谈带来新的友谊或工作呢?So,how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job?②她诱使我相信她很有权势。She led me to believe that she had a lot of influence.③简现在感觉更强壮了,开始沿着小溪走,希望它能把她带到湖边。Feeling stronger now,Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.①lead to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。②lead to表示“导致、造成(后果)”等,与result in,cause同义。3.focus on∕upon 集中注意力于……归纳拓展①focus∕fix∕concentrate one’s attention on sth.∕doing sth.把注意力集中到某事∕做某事上②pay attention to 集中注意力于……③focus sth. on sth.调节……焦距对准……完成句子①不管周围有什么噪音,他总是能集中注意力读书。No matter what noise there might be,he manages to focus his attention on reading.②If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome(关注努力而不是结果), you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.(2019年6月浙江,概要写作)4.keep...free from∕of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)归纳拓展①keep sb.∕sth.+adj.∕adv.∕prep.+n.使……保持……②keep sb.∕sth.+doing 使……一直处于……③④keep sb.∕sth. from doing 阻止某人∕某事物做某事;阻止某人∕某事物以免发生某事完成句子①良好的饮食和适度的锻炼使你远离感冒。Eating well and good exercise keep you free from∕of cold.②必须采取措施以避免水受到污染。Measures must be taken to keep the water from being polluted.5.build up 逐渐增强;增强……的体质;建立;创办归纳拓展①stay up 不睡觉;熬夜②wake up 醒来③take up 拿起,占用;开始从事④pick up 捡起;偶然学会;收听;(用车)接人⑤use up 用完;花光⑥mix up 混淆;弄乱;搅匀;拌和写出下列各句中build up的含义①His confidence built up as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增强②It is said that she’s built up a very successful business.创办If so,what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话,你做了些什么来种植这些植物?if so意为“如果是这样的话”,表示肯定意义。如果表示否定意义,则用if not。归纳拓展if构成的其他省略形式:①if any 如果有的话②if ever 如果有过∕发生过的话③if possible 如果可能的话④if necessary 如果必要的话用if的相关表达形式填空①如果是这样,(请)找出需要改变的事项。If so,find out what would need to change.②那本书里即使真有错误,也不多。There are few,if any,mistakes in the book.③她不看电影,即使看,也很少。She seldom,if ever,goes to the cinema.