2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book7Unit3　Underthesea

Unit 3　Under the sea


1．Sea pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem, and we have the responsibility to reduce sea pollution.
海洋污染正在变得日益严峻，我们有责任缓解海洋污染。
2．It is said that the voice and wind of the sea are very comfortable.
据说大海的声音和海风是很令人舒服的。
3．The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, but when there's a strong wind, it's very rough.
在阳光灿烂的日子里，大海很美丽，但刮大风的时候它就会变得非常凶猛。
4．With my vivid introduction to the Silk Road, those cold historical facts seemed to become alive like a giant scroll of fine arts, attracting the audience so much.
由于我对丝绸之路的生动讲解，这些冰冷的历史事实似乎变成了栩栩如生的画卷，吸引了大批听众。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度计算的 (n.) 年刊；年鉴→annually (adv.) 每年→anniversary (n.) 周年纪念日
(2)witness (vt.) 当场见到；目击 (n.) 目击者；证人；证据
(3)pause (vi.& n．) 暂停；中止
(4)drag (vt.) 拖；拉；扯
(5)urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张；驱策 (n.) 强烈的欲望；冲动→urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的→urgency (n.) 紧急；迫切
(6)abandon (vt.) 放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；放纵的
(7)target (n.) 目标；靶；受批评的对象
(8)reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考→reflection (n.) 反射；反映
(9)aware (adj.) 意识到的；知道的→unaware (adj.) 没有意识到的；不知道的→awareness (n.) 意识；觉悟
(10)neat (adj.) 〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的
(11)scare (vt.) 恐吓 (vi.) 受惊吓→scared (adj.) 恐惧的；害怕的→scary (adj.) 骇人的；恐怖的

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿
(2)opposite (prep.) 在……对面 (adj.) 相对的；相反的
(3)flee (vi.) 逃避；逃跑 (vt.) 逃离
(4)depth (n.) 深(度)；深处
(5)relationship (n.) 关系；血缘关系；交往
(6)pure (adj.) 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的
(7)vivid (adj.) 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
(8)sharp (adj.) 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的
(9)tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的
(10)steep (adj.) 陡峭的

　[单句语法填空]
1.He described ________ (vivid) what he saw in London to us.
答案：vividly
2．The meeting was aimed at strengthening safety ________ (aware) of employees.
答案：awareness
3．The soup is ________ (taste), and I like it very much.
答案：tasty
4．Some flowers are ________ (reflect) in the river and they are very beautiful.
答案：reflected
5．It is ________ (urge) that we should finish the job as soon as possible.
答案：urged
6．He ________ (pause) for breath and then continued climbing.
答案：paused
7．The little girl is ________ (scare) of going out alone.
答案：scared

8．Despite some difficulties, they don't want ________ (abandon) the plan.
答案：to abandon
9．The lake is over 20 meters in ________ (deep)．
答案：depth
10．________ (flee) the big cities, thousands of people go to villages in search of the rural relaxation.
答案：Fleeing

联想积累
1．含词根“viv/vit(生命)”的单词
①vivid adj. 生动的
②revive v. 复活
③revival n. 复活
④survive v. 存活；幸存
⑤survival n. 存活；幸存
⑥survivor n. 幸存者
⑦vital adj. 生死攸关的；至关重要的
⑧vitamin n. 维生素
2．以后缀­th结尾的名词
①depth 深度　　　　　　②width 宽度
③length 长度 ④truth 真理
⑤growth 成长 ⑥youth 青年
⑦warmth 温暖 ⑧strength 力气
3．“看”遍天下
①glance v. (粗略地)看一下；扫视；一瞥
②glare v. 瞪眼；怒目而视
③spot v. 发现；认出
④watch v. 看；注视
⑤witness v. 目击 n. 目击者
⑥stare v. 凝视；盯着看
⑦glimpse v. 瞥见；看一眼
⑧observe v. 观察；注意到


1．sort_out 分类；整理
2．ahead_of 在……前面；优于
3．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时
4．be abandoned by ... 被……遗弃
5．hold_up 阻挡；耽搁；举起
6．help ( ... ) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．reflect on 认真思考；沉思
8．be/become aware of 意识到……；明白/了解……
9．upside down 上下翻转
10．(be) scared to death 吓得要死

　[选词填空]
(be) scared to death， ahead of， upside down， sort out， reflect on， in the meantime
1．We should often ________ our past mistakes.
答案：reflect on
2．Turn the bottle ________ and shake it, then you'll find the water in it becomes yellow.
答案：upside down
3．The child felt ________ at the sight of the UFO.
答案：scared to death
4．She told me to ________ the papers that could be thrown away.
答案：sort out
5．I like skiing and ________， I know it is very dangerous.
答案：in the meantime
6．She is an excellent student and she is always well ________ the rest of the class.
答案：ahead of

联想积累
hold相关短语集合
①hold up 阻挡；耽搁；举起
②hold on 稍等；别挂断；坚持
③hold out 维持；坚持
④hold back 踌躇；阻止；阻碍
⑤hold off 推迟


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。


It was a time when ... “曾经一度……”，when引导定语从句。
类似的意思也可用下面的惯用表达：
There is/was a time when ...
______________ I was addicted to playing instead of reading. How I regret now！
曾经有段时间我沉迷于玩耍而不是读书。我真后悔！
2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
be about to “正要做……”，常构成句型“be about to do ... when ... (正要做某事，突然……)”，相当于be on the point of doing ... when ...。
I ____________________ I caught sight of a familiar scene.
我正要关上电视，突然看到一个熟悉的画面。

答案：1.It/There was a time when　2.was about to turn off the TV when

直击重点 突破考点

①opposite　prep. 在……对面　adj. 相对的；相反的　n. 相反的事物；对立的人/物；反面(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
Even though he sat opposite ________ me, we didn't say one word to each other.
答案：to
(2)单句写作
①Walk along the road __________________________， and it's likely to reach your destination.
朝相反的方向走，你才有可能到达目的地。
②In fact everything he does ______________ what is considered normal behaviour.
事实上，他的一切作为都和人们所认为的正常举动大相径庭。
答案：①in the opposite direction　②is opposite to

(1)be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
(2)oppose vt. 反对；反抗
oppose sb./sth. 反对某人/某事
oppose doing sth. 反对做某事
(3)opposed adj. 对立的；截然相反的
be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
as opposed to ... 与……相反
(4)opposition n. 对抗；反对

②urge　vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策　n. 强烈的欲望；冲动(P20)

(1)单句语法填空
①The author's purpose in writing the passage is to urge people ________ (work) hard.
②I refused his invitation because of ________ (urge) business.
答案：①to work　②urgent
(2)单句写作
①The report urged that all children ______________ to swim.
这份报告呼吁教所有的儿童游泳。
②It is urged that the relative laws ______________ to prevent such things happening again.
人们极力主张相关法律应该被制定出来以阻止类似事件再次发生。
答案：①(should) be taught　②(should) be made


(1)urge sb. to do sth. 竭力主张某人做某事；敦促某人做某事
urge that sb. (should) do sth. 主张/力劝某人做某事
It is/was urged that ... 有人主张……(后接虚拟语气的从句)
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的

urge后跟从句时，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。

③abandon　vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃　n. 放纵；放任(P21)

(1)单句语法填空
①He signed cheques ________ careless abandon.
②I wish that sports day could ________ (abandon) and replaced with some other less competitive events.
答案：①with　②be abandoned
(2)单句改错
We should keep off those who abandon themselves in drugs.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：in→to


(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；陷于(某种感情)
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 放纵的；堕落的；被遗弃的

④reflect　vi. 思考　vt. 映射；反射；思考(P24)

(1)单句语法填空
①It seems beautiful that the tall buildings ________ (reflect) in the lake around which there are many trees.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ (reflect) of his family environment.
答案：①are reflected　②reflection
(2)单句写作
____________ her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
思考着她的志愿者经历，蒂娜对和她的当地同事们一起设法完成的事情感到自豪。
答案：Reflecting on/upon


(1)reflect ... in ... 在……中映出……的影像
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在……
reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/沉思某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；映像；沉思
be lost in reflection 陷入深思中
on reflection (经)再三考虑


①help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难(P21)

(1)单句语法填空
As he is my best friend, when I am in trouble he will certainly help me________.
答案：out
(2)单句写作
①They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or ____________ in whatever way they can.
他们通过提供一些必需品或者筹钱或者任何可行的方法来帮助渡过难关。
②Whenever I have problems with my studies, my teacher is always there to ______________.
无论任何时候我学习上遇到难题，老师总是可以帮我解决。
答案：①helping out　②help me out


(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事
help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(吃/用……等)
(2)with the help of sb. ＝with sb.'s help 在某人的帮助下

②be/become aware of 意识到(P24)

(1)单句语法填空
①Though clearly aware ________ the danger ahead, he accepted the task without fear.
②The ________ (aware) of the fact that the child was in danger forced the police to take action.
答案：①of　②awareness
(2)单句写作
He decided to ____________________ the rules of the road in his own way.
他决定用自己的方式提高人们对道路交通规则的认识。
答案：raise people's awareness of


(1)be aware that ... 知道/体会到……
so/as far as I'm aware 据我所知
make sb. aware that/of 提醒某人注意……；使某人注意到……
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
strengthen/raise one's awareness of 增强/提高某人……的意识
develop an awareness of 逐渐懂得；培养……的意识

①[教材原句]As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.(P20)
走近一看，原来是一头鲸正受到约六头虎鲸的攻击。

(1)单句语法填空
①One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children ________ (comfort) by their teachers.
②I could do whatever I want without ________ (interrupt) by the outside world.
答案：①being comforted　②being interrupted
(2)单句写作
A helmet is recommended to cyclists to prevent them from ______________.
推荐骑手佩戴头盔，以免受伤。
答案：being injured


(1)“see a whale being attacked”看到一头鲸鱼正在被袭击，句中“being attacked”为v.－ing形式的被动形式作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的被动动作。
(2)being done除了作宾语补足语表示被动和正在进行外，还有以下句法功能：
①作后置定语，表示被动和正在进行；
②作宾语，表示被动；
③作主语，表示被动。

②[教材原句]The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)
海水是浅的，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。

(1)单句语法填空
________ there is water, there is life.
答案：Where
(2)单句写作
①______________ life, ________ hope.
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。(有生命就会有希望)
②I hope to live in a place ____________________ and people are friendly.
我希望住在一个空气清新、人们友好的地方。
答案：①Where there is; there is　②where the air is fresh


where ...，there be ... 意为“在……地方，有……”，where引导地点状语从句。注意where引导地点状语从句和定语从句的区别：
(1)where引导的地点状语从句，描述主句所述事件发生的条件、处境等。
(2)where引导的定语从句修饰它前面的名词。
where还可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

课文回练 升华运用
When I was 16, I worked at the whaling station and witnessed killers help whalers catch huge whales __1__ my own eyes many times. One afternoon, when I __2__ (sort) out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise __3__ (come) from the bay and we saw a great animal opposite us throwing __4__(it) out of the water and then crashing down again. We jumped into our boat and headed out into the bay. As we drew __5__ (close), I saw a whale __6__ (attack) by a pack of about six other killers. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. And its body was dragged __7__ (swift) by the killers down into the depths of the sea.
__8__ killers were fierce hunters, they never harmed or attacked people. One day we were out in the bay and James was washed off the boat. The sea was rough and it was difficult __9__ (handle) the boat. I could see James was terrified of being abandoned by us. When we approached James and saw him being firmly held __10__ in the water by Old Tom, I couldn't believe my eyes.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.with　2.was sorting　3.coming　4.itself　5.closer　6.being attacked　7.swiftly　8.Although/Though　9.to handle 　10.up

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We urged that she ________ (come) to the party, but she protested that she was too tired.
答案：(should) come　urge “强烈要求”后跟从句时，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
2．One day, I was about to go shopping ________ he telephoned me.
答案：when　be about to do ... when ... “正要做某事，突然……”。
3．To be honest, our generation should be witness ________ a happy life.
答案：to　be witness to “……的见证者”。
4．The people had left before the soldiers came to the ________ (abandon) village.
答案：abandoned　abandoned为形容词“被遗弃的；废弃的”，在句中修饰名词village。
5．Everybody is aware ________ the importance of learning.
答案：of　be/become aware of ... “意识到……”。
6．When I reflect ________ my schooldays, I realize how much easier things are for today's children.
答案：on/upon　reflect on/upon “认真思考；回想”。
7．To be a brave man, you should not be scared ________ danger.
答案：of　be scared of ... “害怕……”。
8．Did you see that boy ________ (question) by the police?
答案：being questioned　see sb. doing sth. “看到某人正在做某事”，又因为that boy与question之间为被动关系，故用being questioned。此处意为“正在受盘问”。
9．It was a time ________ most people did not know how to operate a computer.
答案：when　It was a time when ... “曾经一度(那时)……”，为固定句式，when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。
10．You have to trust your mind that it'll take you ________ you want to go.
答案：where　where在该句中引导地点状语从句，表述你的头脑会带你去你想去的地方。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Never shall I forget the meaningful experience, helping the librarian ________ (整理) the books in the library.
答案：(to) sort out
2．__________________________ (同时), I am quite independent and it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment.
答案：In the meantime
3．______________________ anything seemed possible.
那是一个任何事情都有可能发生的时代。
答案：It was a time when
4．______________________________________________________________
无论你什么时候有麻烦，我都乐意帮你摆脱困境。(help ... out)
答案：Whenever you are in trouble, I'm ready to help you out.
5．______________________________________________________________
对司机关于胡同(Hutongs)历史的生动介绍，迈克感到非常兴奋。
答案：Mike felt very excited about the driver's vivid introduction to the history of Hutongs.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.
However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a one­day poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to long­standing poverty, or the effects of war.
Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了另一种旅游形式——贫困之旅。人们在世界上最贫穷的地区进行旅游，这些旅行可能会使人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。
1．especially　考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰when引导的时间状语从句，故答案为especially。
2．travelling/traveling　考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人冲出家门或公司去旅游景点。此处是动名词作定语，修饰spots，故答案为travelling/traveling。
3．and　考查连词。固定结构：and so on等等。故答案为and。
4．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是there be句型，句子主语是another way of travelling，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式，并且介绍的是一般情况，故用一般现在时，故答案为is。
5．the　考查冠词。此处是形容词最高级，前面用定冠词the，故答案为the。
6．to experience　考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人可能会参加为期一天的“最贫困之旅”，有些人甚至花钱住在非常贫困的社区，体验世界上最低的生活水平。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to experience。
7．countries　考查名词。第三世界的国家不止一个，所以名词用复数形式，故答案为countries。
8．more　考查副词的比较级。句意：这些旅行可能会唤醒人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。结合句意可知，句子用比较级，故答案为more。
9．be donated　考查动词的语态。句意：旅游所得的钱可以捐赠给生活在那里的人们。此处money和donate之间是被动关系，故答案为be donated。
10．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。此处people是先行词，指人，引导词在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Nowadays more and more people would rather to look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for my preference, one of that is that a job hunter can find a job conveniently. He needn't bother to get recommendations from relative or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides, a job hunter can get a job by simple browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by e－mail. Finally, the success rate is very high. But even if one fails to find a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.
As for me, I believe that as the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new way would win favor among more and more jobless people and laid­off workers. It's due to its convenience, efficient and high success rate.
答案：
Nowadays more and more people would rather look for a job on the Internet than in the newspapers or in the job market. There are many reasons for preference, one of is that a job hunter can find a job conveniently. He needn't bother to get recommendations from or friends, or registration at an employment exchange. Besides, a job hunter can get a job by browsing among the advertisements online and sending resumes by e－mail. Finally, the success rate is very high. even if one fails to find a job, it can spare him the embarrassment of refused.
As for me, I believe that the increasing popularity of the Internet, this new way win favor among more and more jobless people and laid­off workers. It's due to its convenience, and high success rate.
难项分析：
第一处：去掉rather后的to　考查固定用法。would rather do sth.为固定用法，意为“宁愿做某事”，故去掉to。
第五处：simple→simply　考查副词。应用副词修饰browsing这一动词。
第七处：refused前加being　考查非谓语动词。此处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词；又因为refuse与其逻辑主语him之间为动宾关系，故用动名词的被动式。

课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
An American diver set a new record for the deepest dive in history in May, 2019 when he sank nearly 36,000 feet. Victor Vescovo __1__ in his watercraft (船，水运工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacific's Mariana Trench, marking only the third time humans have __2__ the sea's extreme depths.
Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet __3__ the waves, breaking previous records by about 36 feet. He spent four hours __4__ the deepest known area of the planet's seabed in a $48 million submersible (潜水艇)—a small watercraft built to __5__ the extreme pressure of the __6__ waters.
But this wasn't Vescovo's first thrill­seeking moment. He also __7__ both the North and South Poles and __8__ the highest peaks on all seven continents. “We wanted to __9__ the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly and really, __10__， opening the door for __11__，\” Vescovo said.
Though he was the first to make it to those depths, man's __12__ is already present there with plastic __13__ among the sea creatures.
“In most of the depths I've been down to I've seen the __14__ of plastic or things I can't even __15__ but they're definitely man­made which is really __16__，\” Vescovo said.
Vescovo and his team __17__ four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research. “It feels like a great __18__ that I was able to do this as a human being，\” he said. “It's a great __19__ just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward.\”
Vescovo's next challenge is to reach the bottom of the Arctic Ocean, which he __20__ to do in August. Once he's conquered the mountains and oceans, Vescovo says his next challenge is space.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。太平洋一万多米的深海也有塑料垃圾的出现！让我们跟随打破世界潜水纪录的维克多·维斯科沃看看是怎么一回事吧！
1．A.looked out B．ran away
C．rushed off D．went down
答案：D　结合上文的“sank”和下文的“in his watercraft (船，水运工具) to the lowest part of the ocean in the Pacific's Mariana Trench”可知，他从水运工具上向下，到达海洋的深处。look out “找出；留心”；run away “逃跑；回避”；rush off “冲出”；go down “下降”。故选D。
2．A.reached B．observed
C．searched D．recorded
答案：A　根据下文的“the sea's extreme depths”可知，他实现了人类第三次到达(reach)海洋的最深处。
3．A.on B．beneath
C．under D．over
答案：B　根据上文的“Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet”可知，他到达了波浪下面(beneath)35,853英尺深的地方。
4．A.wandering B．measuring
C．exploring D．covering
答案：C　结合下文的“the deepest known area of the planet's seabed in a $48 million submersible (潜水艇)”可知，他在水底探测(explore)海床近4个小时。
5．A.bear B．remove
C．balance D．produce
答案：A　根据下文的“the extreme pressure of the __6__ waters”可知，建造的这个潜水艇可以承受(bear)海水的压力。
6．A.wild B．cold
C．dirty D．deep
答案：D　与上文的“Deep in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Vescovo dove 35,853 feet __3__ the waves”和“pressure”呼应，此处指深处(deep)海水的压力。
7．A.flew over B．skied
C．settled in D．circled
答案：B　根据下文的“both the North and South Poles”(南极和北极)可知，应该是在那里滑雪(ski)。
8．A.passed B．visited
C．conquered D．discovered
答案：C　结合下文的“the highest peaks on all seven continents”可知，他也征服(conquer)过七大洲的最高峰，即他都攀爬过最高峰。
9．A.prove B．change
C．lack D．acquire
答案：A　结合下文的“the capability of the submarine and the whole system by diving there repeatedly”可知，他进行这场探险，目的就是想证明(prove)潜水艇的能力。
10．A.seriously B．carefully
C．secretly D．hopefully
答案：D　根据语境，此处表示希望做某事。hopefully “有希望地”。
11．A.society B．science
C．nature D．knowledge
答案：B　结合语境，这里应该表示为科学(science)打开探索之门。
12．A.shadow B．power
C．effect D．track
答案：C　结合下文的“with plastic __13__ among the sea creatures”可知，在海洋深处发现了塑料，说明人类的影响已经到达海洋深处。
13．A.lying B．floating
C．swimming D．mixing
答案：A　根据上文的“plastic”和下文的“among the sea creatures”可知，指人类的影响造成了塑料已经位于(lie)海洋深处的生物之中了。
14．A.use B．role
C．danger D．pollution
答案：D　与上文的plastic呼应，指人类造成的污染(pollution)，连地球上最偏僻、最深处的角落也不放过。
15．A.recognize B．collect
C．move D．look
答案：A　与下文的“they're definitely man­made”相对照，这里指甚至是一些他不认识(recognize)的东西。
16．A.fantastic B．unfortunate
C．wonderful D．possible
答案：B　污染已经达到了海洋的深处，显然这是一件不幸的(unfortunate)事情。
17．A.discovered B．caught
C．met D．knew
答案：A　根据下文的“four new species whose genetic information could help with medical research”可知，他发现(discover)了四个新物种，其基因信息可以为医学研究提供帮助。
18．A.pity B．challenge
C．privilege D．right
答案：C　结合下文的“I was able to do this as a human being”可知，他认为作为人类，能够到达海洋的深处，并且有新的发现，是一种荣幸(privilege)。
19．A.prize B．campaign
C．award D．feeling
答案：D　根据下文的“just to try and, you know, push humanity a little bit forward”可知，能够推动人类进步，这是一种非常棒的感觉(feeling)。
20．A.thinks B．plans
C．views D．gets
答案：B　根据设空处前一句“Vescovo's next challenge is to reach the bottom of the Arctic Ocean”可知，Vescovo的下一次挑战，他计划(plan)在8月份实施。
Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2020·深圳高级中学(集团)高三第一学期第一次测试)We love the sea. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. But we're terrified of it, too. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine (海洋) environment and manage its influence on us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.
Johnston, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering”—the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.
We are expanding further into the marine environment. This practice does harm to marine ecosystems. We're loving the sea to death, but we've not been thinking about design of structures (建筑物) with respect to ecology. Some coastal structures create shade, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. That's why blue engineering comes in.
Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around. Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improving water quality. Twelve harbours around the world are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.
It's a far cry from, the days when huge number, of old tyres were thrown, into the sea to build “artificial reef (礁石)”. Those clumsy early attempts are now costing millions to remove, showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding how best to co­habit with the underwater world.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了引进蓝色海洋工程的原因以及如何实施蓝色海洋工程。
1．What do we know about “hard engineering”？
A．It has improved sea environment.
B．It can control the influence of sea.
C．It has failed to achieve its purpose.
D．It makes living under sea impossible.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段“We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.”可知，“hard engineering”意味着所有的努力似乎没有实现，因此未能达到它的目的。故选C。
2．Para. 3 is mainly about the ________ to introduce the project of “blue engineering”．
A．drawbacks B．reasons
C．procedures D．measures
答案：B　推理判断题。第三段中的“This practice does harm to marine ecosystems.”与“That's why blue engineering comes in.”可知，本段主要讲了引进“蓝色工程”的原因。故选B。
3．Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”？
A．Constructing buildings with plant life.
B．Expanding into marine environments.
C．Creating an artificial reef with old tyres.
D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.”可知，建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种结构。故选D。
4．What is the writer's feeling towards the present situation of marine environment?
A．Relieved. B．Doubtful.
C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.
答案：A　推理判断题。由最后一段可推知作者对海洋环境的现状持放心态度。relieved “放心”；doubtful “不确定的”；satisfied “满意的”；disappointed “失望的”。故选A。

(2019·北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。
5．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
答案：B　段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。
6．What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.
C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.
答案：A　词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
答案：D　推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。
8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案：C　主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic jam. We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place where I am always dreaming about.
答案：
There too many people and too pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic . We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place ∕ I am always dreaming about.
1.is→are　考查主谓一致。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。本句为there be句型，主语为由and连接的名词短语，谓语动词应和最临近的主语在数上保持一致，故用are。
2.many→much　考查形容词。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。pollution为不可数名词，故用much修饰。
3.how→what　考查特殊疑问词。句意：如果有一天我们移民到月球的话，生活会怎么样呢？分析句子成分可知，本句中，like缺少宾语，故用特殊疑问词what。
4.comfort→comfortable　考查形容词。句意：与地球相比，月球上的生活会更舒适。分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词，故用comfortable。
5.jam→jams　考查名词。句意：月球上不会有污染或交通堵塞。traffic jam “交通堵塞”为可数名词，故用复数形式jams，表示泛指。
6.去掉the　考查冠词。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。
7.fast→faster　考查形容词的比较级。本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式faster。
8.you→we　考查人称代词。句意：我们可以吃想吃的东西，而不用担心不健康的原材料。分析句子可知，本句主语为we，故用第一人称we。
9.concerned后加about　考查介词。此处为短语be concerned about “为……担忧”，故加介词about。
10.where→which/that或去掉where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。分析句子可知，从句中，about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。