2025版高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters提能训练

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters提能训练，共10页。试卷主要包含了A.kncked B，A.psitive B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
(2024·浙江1月高考题)
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary's suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2 millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta—dwnwind f the hail prject flights—wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years. “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be causing drught，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
1．What des the prject aim t d？ B
A．Cnserve misture in the sil.
B．Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C．Frecast disastrus hailstrms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(飞机在有威胁的风暴中心播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。
2．Wh are ppsed t the prject？ A
A．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B．Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C．Prvincial gvernment fficials.
D．Residents f Calgary and Edmntn.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta—dwnwind f the hail prject flights—wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。
3．Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999？ C
A．T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B．T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C．T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D．T shw the link between strms and misture.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. ‘In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas，’ Dr. Dswell says. ‘Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.’(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。‘1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。’)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph？ D
A．Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D．Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。
B
(2024·广州市调研)
Our planet quakes thusands f times a year, but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' dd behavir culd warn us?
Researchers have reviewed hundreds f reprts n pre-quake abnrmal animal behavir, but mst were just anecdtes.Gelgist Jim Berkland cunted newspaper ads lking fr runaway cats and dgs.On Octber 13, 1989, he tld a newspaper reprter a big quake wuld strike in a week.Fur days later, the Lma Prieta mega-quake hit! But the scientific cmmunity still rejected Berkland's thery.He didn't dcument every predictin, s nbdy culd measure his accuracy rate.
Actual scientific evidence has t be repeatable.And a cnnectin between a cause and an effect has t be shwn t be strnger than randm chance thrugh careful experimentatin and data cllectin.Califrnia researchers in the 1970s happened t have built cntrlled habitats t mnitr the wheel-running activity f pcket mice.These habitats happened t be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernand earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and fund n big changes in hw lng the animals ran in their wheels r stayed undergrund befre the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment shw?
Researchers frm 150 universities wrldwide are wrking n a new study called the ICARUS prject.The prject tracks many small animal species such as birds, bats, and turtles fr the purpse f scientific research.One grup f researchers is lking fr pssible cnnectins between animal behavir and earthquakes.If they find a reliable cnnectin, this culd save hundreds f thusands f human lives.ICARUS aims t pwer an app that will give peple hurs t get t safety.
Hwever, nt everyne is hpeful.Gelgist Wendy Bhn said that ICARUS is ding sme“cl things”， but she knws animal behavir is hard t pin dwn.“ My cat culd act crazily befre an earthquake，” she says.“But it als acts crazily if smebdy uses the can pener.”
语篇导读：本文主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为的研究，以及希望能够提供准确的震前预警。
5．What des the underlined wrd“anecdtes”mean in Paragraph 2? D
A．Real-life news stries.
B．Randm individual studies.
C．Repeated scientific reprts.
D．Unprved persnal accunts.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Researchers have reviewed hundreds f reprts n pre-quake abnrmal animal behavir”以及表转折的词but可知，这些地震前动物异常行为的报告大多是传闻，即未经证实的描述，D项符合题意。故选D。
6．Why was Berkland's thery rejected by the scientific cmmunity? D
A．He used unreliable data frm newspaper ads.
B．His dcument wasn't cnsistent with his thery.
C．His study didn't include enugh animal samples.
D．He failed t prve the accuracy f his predictins.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific cmmunity still rejected Berkland's thery.He didn't dcument every predictin, s nbdy culd measure his accuracy rate.”可知，科学界仍然拒绝接受伯克兰的理论，因为他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。由此可知，伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝，是因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。
7．What is the ultimate gal f the ICARUS prject? A
A．T prvide accurate pre-quake warnings.
B．T develp an app t call fr help during quakes.
C．T seek wrldwide cperatin in quake predictin.
D．T find cnnectins between animal behavir and quakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，一组研究人员正在寻找动物行为和地震之间可能存在的联系。如果他们找到可靠的联系，这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在驱动一款应用程序，让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。因此，ICARUS项目的最终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。
8．What is Wendy Bhn's attitude tward the ICARUS prject? B
A．Disapprving. B．Dubtful.
C．Intlerant. D．Unclear.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，地质学家温迪·博洪认为动物行为很难确定，比如她的猫，在有人用开罐器的时候也表现得很疯狂。由此可推断，温迪·博洪对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·济南市模拟)
Jess, a 14-year-ld girl, lives in Mallacta, a small twn in Australia. She is ne f many children wh have been thrugh mental 1.B and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires.
She 2.A the bushfires with fear.“I had never been s scared.The sky was turned t bld red, and the embers(余烬) were 3.C all arund us.It was much wrse than any 4.A film，” she said.
Jess, alng with her family, spent tw terrifying days n the lcal bat where residents stayed fr 5.D , and it was als a place where 6.B culd nt be brken.Jess and her little cmpanins planned t 7.C their cmmunity garden and the huse fr chickens.
One blessing fr Mallacta is that n ne 8.B their life during the disaster.Rads int and ut f the twn are beginning t repen.Wandering alne amng the huses 9.D t the grund, Jess still managed t find a 10.A side and said at least nw she wuld nt have t clean her bedrm anymre.In n time she and her cmpanins 11.C started t restre the cmmunity garden and even 12.B a family f chickens t the new “hme”， making smething bad int smething gd.
It's a lng rad back t 13.C life.But it is surely 14.A if we have the will.As Jess said, “My belved hmetwn will 15.D again.”
语篇导读：本文主要从Jess的视角展现了森林火灾对其家乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的积极态度。
1．A.disrder B．suffering
C．grwth D．training
解析：由下文内容可知，Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子之一。suffering“痛苦”。故选B。
2．A.recalled B．imagined
C．bserved D．cntrlled
解析：根据语境可知， Jess已经被救出来了，此处是指她回忆(recalled)森林火灾发生的情形时仍害怕。故选A。
3．A.escaping B．crwding
C．flying D．running
解析：根据语境可知，此处是指天空变成了血红色，余烬在我们周围飞舞。故选C。
4．A.scary B．artistic
C．fancy D．silent
解析：根据第二段第一句的“with fear”和Jess对火灾的描述可知，她很恐惧火灾，所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影做比较，体现Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。故选A。
5．A.cmfrt B．peace
C．treat D．safety
解析：根据空后的“ nt be brken”和语境可知， Jess和她的家人待在当地的船上，居民在这里应是寻求安全。故选D。
6．A.rules B．spirits
C．habits D．prmises
解析：上文讲述的是身体安全，空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit“精神；心灵；情绪”。故选B。
7．A.reserve B．design
C．rebuild D．decrate
解析：根据常识可知，火灾的后果是毁灭性的，所以此处是指Jess和她的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。故选C。
8．A.saved B．lst
C．tk D．changed
解析：根据上文的“One blessing”可知，这里讲述的应该是值得庆幸的方面，即无人死亡。故选B。
9．A.kncked B．blwn
C．explded D．burnt
解析：分析句子结构，空处作huses的后置定语。结合语境可知应选burnt, 表示被烧毁的房屋。burn... t the grund“把……烧光(烧成平地)”。故选D。
10．A.psitive B．warm
C．familiar D．crrect
解析：根据下文的“at least nw she wuld nt have t clean her bedrm anymre”可知， Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”，也就是说，她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。故选A。
11．A.wisely B．luckily
C．actively D．anxiusly
解析：这句话描述了她和她的伙伴们立即开始恢复社区花园，由此可以推断她的行为态度是相当积极的，故选actively。故选C。
12．A.returned B．welcmed
C．frced D．cntributed
解析：这一段在描述Jess的积极态度，所以此处表示Jess甚至欢迎小鸡家族来新家，借此苦中作乐。welcme“欢迎”。故选B。
13．A.simple B．cmmn
C．nrmal D．scial
解析：根据语境可知，整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续的重建，这里是对前面内容的总结，表示“恢复正常生活还有很长的路要走”。故选C。
14．A.hpeful B．risky
C．special D．tugh
解析：根据提示词But可知，空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系，因此此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度，故选hpeful。故选A。
15．A.rest B．expand
C．struggle D．shine
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。故选D。
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023·福建省毕业班质检)
Science fictin televisin has dne a lt t shape hw we view the meals f the future, frm an evening dinner in pill frm t machines giving us any meal we desire, n demand. 1.D Hwever, while these ideas fr fd creatin are mre than fifty years ld, the way we prduce and cnsume fd has nt changed very much.Even thugh there is enugh fd available tday t feed the wrld, mre than 870 millin peple d nt have enugh t eat. 2.E
With the glbal ppulatin expected t grw t mre than nine billin by 2050, demand fr fd will nly increase.N pills r machines have slved ur fd prblems yet.
Hwever, agricultural science has been respnsible fr saving huge numbers f lives.Science and technlgy helped us ut f starvatin during the 1960s and 70s when the wrld's ppulatin explded. 3.G The result f this panic was the “green revlutin”， which saw the intrductin t farming f high prductin grains, imprved irrigatin systems and hybrid seeds, saving ver ne billin peple frm starvatin.
4.B Having enugh fd is nly the first step.There are cmplicatins with natural disasters, cnflict, pverty and envirnmental prblems.All these can mean that the fd supply is put at risk 5.F Many peple are cncerned abut “playing arund with nature”， adjusting hw fd lks and tastes and smells, and ther human interferences(干预), all f which are widespread.
Anyhw, the wrld has nt been cmpletely saved frm starvatin, but we are n the way t get there.
A．Agricultural science was quite a success.
B．There are many cmplexities when dealing with fd.
C．Mdern science and technlgy f fd cntributes a lt.
D．Nbdy wuld ever starve if fd were this easy t btain.
E．And it is unbelievable that hunger kills mre peple than disease des.
F．Then there are the issues we face when it cmes t fd experimentatin.
G．At that time scientists were genuinely wrried that we wuld run ut f fd.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。虽然科幻电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作，但是世界还没有完全从饥饿中拯救出来。
解析：
1．根据下文“Hwever, while these ideas fr fd creatin are mre than fifty years ld, the way we prduce and cnsume fd has nt changed very much.(然而，尽管这些创造食物的想法已经有50多年的历史了，但我们生产和消费食物的方式并没有太大变化。)”可知，上下文是转折关系，故空格处在语意上应承接上文。根据上文“Science fictin televisin has dne a lt t shape hw we view the meals f the future, frm an evening dinner in pill frm t machines giving us any meal we desire, n demand.(科幻电视在塑造我们对未来膳食的看法方面做了很多工作，从药丸形式的晚餐到按需为我们提供任何膳食的机器。)”可知，上文讲到科幻电视中对未来膳食的构想，下文说到这种构想可能产生的结果。D项“Nbdy wuld ever starve if fd were this easy t btain.(如果食物这么容易获得，没有人会挨饿。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
2．根据上文“Even thugh there is enugh fd available tday t feed the wrld, mre than 870 millin peple d nt have enugh t eat.(尽管今天有足够的食物养活全世界，但仍有超过8.7亿人没有足够的食物。)”可知，上文讲到世界上粮食短缺的问题。E项“And it is unbelievable that hunger kills mre peple than disease des.(令人难以置信的是，饥饿导致的死亡人数超过了疾病造成的死亡人数。)”进一步补充粮食短缺的现状，符合语境。故选E。
3.根据下文“The result f this panic was the ‘green revlutin’ (这场恐慌的结果是‘绿色革命’)”可知，空格处应说明“这场恐慌”是什么。G项“At that time scientists were genuinely wrried that we wuld run ut f fd.(当时，科学家们真的很担心我们会耗尽食物。)”说明科学家的担忧，即恐慌，符合语境。故选G。
4．根据下文“Having enugh fd is nly the first step.There are cmplicatins with natural disasters, cnflict, pverty and envirnmental prblems.All these can mean that the fd supply is put at risk.(有足够的食物只是第一步。自然灾害、冲突、贫困和环境问题也很复杂。所有这些都可能意味着粮食供应处于危险之中。)”可知，设空处在段首，应为本段主旨句。B项“There are many cmplexities when dealing with fd.(在处理食物时有很多复杂性。)”能概括本段主旨，cmplexities与cmplicatins相呼应。故选B。
5．根据下文“Many peple are cncerned abut ‘playing arund with nature’， adjusting hw fd lks and tastes and smells, and ther human interferences(干预), all f which are widespread.(许多人担心‘玩弄自然’，调整食物的外观、味道和气味，以及其他人为干扰，这些都是普遍存在的。)”可知此处在讲在食品实验方面面临的问题。F项“Then there are the issues we face when it cmes t fd experimentatin.(然后是我们在食品实验方面面临的问题。)”引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2024·新高考专家原创卷)
When garden designer Jane Gates mved t the Sussex cuntryside in 2015, she fell in lve with a traditinal black barn cnversin(改建的房屋), and set abut creating a drught-resistant garden arund it. 1.What she didn't knw was just hw quickly her garden wuld becme relevant t tday's changing climate.
Over the years, Gates 2.has experimented (experiment)with plants that suit this dry and ht place and made sme interesting 3.discveries (discver)．Surprisingly, sme plants, knwn fr lving water, have prved 4.adaptable (adapt) t drught.Others have struggled.Hwever, many plants specifically 5.chsen (chse) fr drught tlerance have enjyed the heat.
Gates' garden is a big gravel (砾石) ne. 6.On ccasin she stands by the flr-t-ceiling windws and enjys the scene.Gravel 7.is used (use) as a layer(层) fr the plants t grw thrugh, jining the paths with the planting.The feeling is f a relaxing, natural-lking space, with the light clur f the gravel 8.cntrasting (cntrast) with the black f the barn.Gates recmmends gravel as a cver n the tp fr 9.the reasn that it lcks water in the sil belw in summer, while keeping it away frm plants in winter, which can damage them.This helps sme plants d a bit 10.better (well) in adapting t climate extremes.
语篇导读：本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。文章介绍了园艺设计师 Jane Gates 搬家到苏塞克斯郡的乡村后建造的适应气候变化的抗旱花园的相关内容。
解析：
1．考查主语从句。句意：她不知道的是她的花园会在多快的时间内适应如今不断变化的气候。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“所……的”。故填What。
2．考查动词的时态。句意：多年来， Gates 尝试找出适合种植在这个炎热干旱的地区的植物并有了一些有趣的发现。根据句中的时间状语“Over the years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has experimented。
3．考查名词。句意同上题。根据空前的“sme interesting”和句意可知，此处应用名词复数。故填discveries。
4．考查形容词。句意：令人惊讶的是，一些以喜水著称的植物被证明对干旱有适应能力。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“prve＋adj.”结构。adaptable“能适应的， 适应性强的”。故填adaptable。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，许多专门挑选的耐旱植物很享受这种高温。句中已有谓语have enjyed, 故此处为非谓语；chse 与plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填chsen。
6．考查介词。句意：Gates有时站在落地窗旁欣赏景色。n ccasin是固定搭配，表示“有时，偶尔”。故填On。
7．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：砾石被用植物生长的一层，将路径与植物连接起来。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；Gravel与 use之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is used。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：给人的感觉是一个放松、自然的空间，砾石的浅色与谷仓的黑色交相辉映。此处为with复合结构， cntrast在此作不及物动词，意为“形成对照”，与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填cntrasting。
9．考查冠词。句意：Gates建议将砾石覆盖在最上层，因为砾石在夏天可以将水分锁定在下面的土壤中，而在冬天，它会使能让植物腐烂的水分远离植物。fr the reasn that“因为……，由于……”是固定用法。故填the。
10．考查副词比较级。句意：这有助于一些植物更好地适应极端气候。根据语境及句中的比较级修饰词“a bit”可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。