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备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit6Atonewithnature外研版必修第一册
展开Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers were believed t havebenefited agriculture, but ver time,experts have fund their lng-term use can harmbth the sil and peple’s health, thusleading t mre prblems. As a result, rganic farming is designedt grw gd crps while preventing damage. Therefre, many cnsumers have turned t rganic fd which has a mre pleasant flavur.
Hwever, rganic farming can ntreplace chemical farming entirely because it nly prvides limited fd. Therefre, there is still a lng way t g t keep peple living in harmny with nature.
1 preventvt.阻止,阻碍,阻挠
1.[人教选必②-5] A life preserver is smething that can be wrn in the water t prevent yu frm sinking (sink).
2.[北师选必③-9]It [Traditinal Chinese Medicine] has develped a unique cmbinatin f treatments related t helping well-being and the preventin (prevent) and treatment f diseases.
3.虽然我很害怕,但我试图保持平衡以防自己摔倒。(读后续写之心理、动作描写)
Frightened as I was, I tried t keep my balance t prevent myself frm falling dwn .(prevent)
★prevent sb. (frm) ding ... 阻止某人做……
stp sb. (frm) ding ...阻止某人做……
keep sb. frm ding...阻止某人做……
prtect ... frm/against... 保护……免受……伤害
★preventin n.预防,防止,防范
preventable adj.可预防的,可防止的
2 designn.设计;设计方案 vt.设计;筹划
1.What annyed the teacher mst was that this student ften lied t her by design.
2.[北师必修②-6]He engaged in a wide range f exercises designed t rebuild (rebuild) muscle, and made remarkable prgress.
3.The prject is designed t help exchange students adapt t the new envirnment and has already been a big success.(活动报道)
→①The prject, which is designed t help exchange students adapt t the new envirnment, has already been a big success.(定语从句)
→②The prject, designed t help exchange students adapt t the new envirnment, has already been a big success.(非谓语)
★be designed fr d sth.为……而设计/被设计用来做某事
★by design(=n purpse)故意地
(反)by chance,by accident
3 harmn.&vt.伤害,损害
1.[北师选必①-3]High-tensin pwer lines, as well as clear-cut crridrs, pipelines, rads f rcks and painted lines n the grund d n harm t animals.
2.[人教选必①-5] Fr example, pesticides can damage the land by killing nt nly harmful (harm) bacteria and insects, but als helpful nes.
点拨
此处nt als...(不但……而且……)连接两个并列的名词(短语)。
3.April Fl’s Day is a festival when peple usually play harmless (harm) jkes n thers.
点拨
高考语法填空题中,提示词为名词,需要变成形容词时,还要根据语境判断空处是否表示否定意义。句意:愚人节是一个人们会和其他人开一些无害的玩笑的节日。
4.我感到很内疚,低下头,低声对她说我并没有恶意。(读后续写之情感、动作描写)
Feeling guilty, I lwered my head, whispering t her that I meant n harm .
5.花太多时间上网会损害我们的视力。(倡议书)
→①Spending t much time nline can harm ur eyesight .(harm v.)
→②Spending t much time nline can d harm t ur eyesight .(harm n.)
→③Spending t much time nline can be harmful t ur eyesight .(harmful)
★ harm t...对……有害
There is n harm in ding sth.做某事没有什么坏处。
★harmful adj.有害的
be harmful t...对……有害
★harmless adj.无害的
4 replacevt.接替;取代;更换;把……放回原处
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①Yu have t replace the bks n the shelves befre yu leave. 把……放回原处
②[译林必修②-2]In respnse t public interest,ur aerbics class has been replaced with several fun ptins,including mdern dance. 取代
2.我强烈推荐我的朋友李明,他是最适合下周接替鲍勃的人。(推荐信)
→①I strngly recmmend my friend Li Ming, wh is the mst suitable persn t replace Bb next week.(replace)
→②I strngly recmmend my friend Li Ming, wh is the mst suitable persn t take Bb’s place/take the place f Bb next week.(place)
→③I strngly recmmend my friend Li Ming, wh is the mst suitable persn t substitute fr Bb next week.(substitute)
★replace A (with/by B)(用B)接替/取代A
★replacement n.[U]替换,更换;[C]替代品
★"代替,取代"的其他表达:
in place f sb.=in sb.’s place
take sb.’s place=take the place f sb.
substitute A fr B=substitute B with/by A(以A代替B)
substitute fr sb.
5 limitedadj.有限的
1.[人教选必②-3]The American Heart Assciatin recmmends that we limit urselves t less than 100-150 calries a day frm sugar...
2.[北师选必③-9]A persn’s life is limited but serving the peple is limitless .(limit)
3.我们必须限制游客的数量来保护这座古建筑不受进一步破坏。(倡议)
We must set a limit t/n the number f turists t preserve the ld building frm being further damaged. (limit n.)
4.参加者的年龄限制在15—18岁之间,但是参赛作品的长度没有限制。
The ages f the participants are limited t the range f 15 t 18 , but there is n limit t the length f the entries .
★limit n.限度,限制;极限vt.限制,限定limit sth. t sth./sb. 使(某事只在某地或某群体内)存在(或发生)
limit neself/sb. t sth. 限量;减量
set a limit/limits n/t... 对……作限定
beynd the limit 超过限度
There is n limit t... (t为介词)对……没有限制。
★limitless adj.无限的
6 benefitn.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
1.Being clse t nature has prven t be beneficial (benefit) t ur mental health.
2.China has been prmting educatin refrm fr the benefit f all citizens.
3.正是你激励我养成了读书的习惯,这让我受益匪浅。(感谢信)
→①It was yu wh inspired me t frm the habit f reading bks, which benefited me a lt . (定语从句; benefit sb.)
→②It was yu wh inspired me t frm the habit f reading bks,
frm which I benefited a lt . (定语从句; benefit frm)
→③It was yu wh inspired me t frm the habit f reading bks,
which was f great benefit t me .(定语从句; benefit n.)
★fr the benefit f sb. =fr sb.’s benefit 为某人的利益;为帮助某人
benefit frm sth. 得益于某事
benefit sb.使某人受益;对某人有用
★beneficial adj.有利的,有用的
be beneficial t...=be f benefit t... 对……有益
7 leadt导致(t为介词)
1.[外研选必④-5] Given ur limited knwledge, it is perhaps n surprise that explratin f the ceans cntinues t lead t discveries in varius scientific fields.
点拨
given在此是介词,表示"考虑到,鉴于"。given (that)引导状语从句,如:
Usually, I am sensible with mney, as I have t be, given (that) I dn’t earn that much.考虑到自己挣得不多,我用钱通常比较精打细算,因为我不得不这样。
2.[外研必修③-2]Later, Ryan’s experience led him t set (set) up a fundatin t encurage mre peple t help.
3. With the ld man leading the way (有那位老人带路), we finally walked ut f the frest. (with复合结构)
4.The frmer sldier retired in the 1990s and led a peaceful life (过着平静的生活) in his later years.
★lead sb. t d... 使某人做……
lead sb. t... 引某人到……
★lead the way 带路;处于领先地位
lead a(n)... life 过……的生活
★take the lead 带头;开始领先
in the lead 处于领先地位;领先的
8 "否定词+adj./adv.比较级"表示最高级意义
1.如果您能于百忙之中抽出一点时间给我一些指导,我将不胜感激。(求助信)
I culdn’t be mre grateful/appreciative if yu culd take a little time ut f yur busy schedule t give me sme guidance.
点拨
"不胜感激"还可以用"I can’t thank yu enugh"表达,注意没有"I can’t thank yu mre"这种表达。
2."我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!"妈妈满意地回答道。(读后续写之语言描写)
" I’ve never had a mre delicius breakfast ! " the mther replied with satisfactin.
★此结构常译为"没有比……更……;再……不过了" 。
★常用的否定词有nthing, n, nt, never, nbdy等。
后缀-ing&-ed
-ing形容词和-ed形容词通常分别表示"令人……的"和"感到……的",但此处我们着重讲-ing"正在……的;……的"和-ed"已……的;有……的",以及-ing作名词后缀。
-ing不仅是形容词后缀,还是名词后缀,多表示"行为,状态;行动或过程的产物或结果"。
1.[2022北京]It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning (begin) that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.
2.[2020天津]I’ve heard that yu are a talented (talent) yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well.
点拨
句意:我听说你是个才华横溢的年轻女子,我还发现你既迷人又聪明。本句中fund yu charming and intelligent是"find+宾语+宾语补足语"结构。
3.Wrried but delighted (delight), the yung man ran ut f the statin as quickly as his legs culd carry him.
点拨
句意:这个年轻人既担心又高兴,飞也似的跑出了车站。
4.It’s challenging (challenge) t be a health expert, because peple can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific supprt.-ing
-ed
表示"正在……的;……的"
表示"已……的"
表示"有……的"
本单元
living活的,活着的
limited有限的
拓展
missing找不到的,丢失的
develping 发展中的
grwing增加的,增长的
retired已退休的
develped发达的
failed失败的
talented有才能的
gifted有天赋的
clured有……色的
-ing作名词后缀
表示"行为,状态"
表示"行动或过程的产物或结果"
例词
learning 学习 feeling 感觉
shpping购物 walking散步
swimming游泳 playing演奏
building 建筑物 finding 调研结果
meeting会议,集会 parking停车场
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