人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions导学案

专题04 必修二Unit4基础知识一遍过

重点知识突破

1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应

[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(P40) 属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。

【词块必记】

【即时练】

①(柯林斯词典)While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong ________ wholly different generations.

②(2021·全国甲卷)Children need a sense of ________ (belong)．

③(牛津高阶)People slowly gathered their ________ (belong) and left the hall.

④(2020·天津5月高考)Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural ________ , which is something that studying your roots and being open­minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.

[完成句子]

⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。

Anyone has no right to take the land________________  as their own.

⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must_______________ .

如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。

[句式升级]

⑦As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.

→As is known to us,China is a country ___________________.

2.surround vt.围绕;包围

[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40) 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。

[用法感知]

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。

当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。

②Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.

我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。

【考点必记】

surround...with...用……包围……

be surrounded by/with...被……包围

surrounding adj.周围的;附近的

surroundings n.周围的事物;环境

【即时练】

[用所给词的适当形式填空]

(1)The surrounding (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.

(2)Surrounded (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.

(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings (surround) of the town.

(4)Looking around,I found myself surrounded (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.

(5)The butterfly­shaped Wuzhizhou Island is located in Sanya's Haitang Bay and is surrounded ________ clean waters and stunning (迷人的) scenery.

[小情境写作]

(6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。

Once upon a time,a king who was polite to ___________________________________________.

3.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电

[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(P42) 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。

[用法感知]

①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.

你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。

②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.

您新换的卡将被免费提供。

③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.

挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。

【词块必记】

(1)charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费

charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事

(2)free of charge(=for free)免费

take charge of...接管/负责……

in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)

in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)

[名师点津]

charge表示“控告”时,要用charge sb with sth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accuse sb of sth。

【即时练】

(1)单句语法填空

④—I wonder how much you charge_____ your services.

—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.

⑤The man who was in charge_____  the shop was charged with selling fakes.

(2)完成句子/一句多译

⑥The police ______________ stealing the jewels.

警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。

⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。

I'll  ______________  the whole factory next week when the director is away.

＝I'll be  ______________  the whole factory next week when the director is away.

＝The whole factory will be  ______________  me next week when the director is away.

4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称

[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。

【词块必记】

(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事

It is/was announced that...据宣布……

announce that...宣布……;通知……

(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告

make an announcement发布通告

announcer n.播音员,广播员

[名师点津] 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。

【即时练】

(1)单句语法填空

①The announcer made an_________ (announce) that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.

②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library. Share library _________ (announce)s on your social media.

③It _________ (announce) that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.

[高考情境写作]

④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。

He said the lucky woman who got the ticket __________________  and the trip will be shared online.

⑤One day with a basket of vegetables, he __________________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.

一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。

5.amount n.金额;数量

[教材原句] We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42) 在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。

【即时练】

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took ______________ food.

这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。

②Modern computers can organize large amounts_________ data very quickly.

③Large amounts of money _________( spend) on the bridge.

④For example, there _________ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.

⑤An increasing amount of organic produce_________ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves.

6.approach n.方法;途径;接近　vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 　vi.靠近

[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42) 因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。

[用法感知]

①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.

更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。

②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.

她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。

③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.

一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。

[归纳点拨]

【即时练】

(1)单句语法填空

④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach _________ the low­carbon life.

⑤She brainstormed the possible _________ (approach) she might take.

⑥_________ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.

(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)

⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers. _________

[佳句背诵]

With Teachers’ Day approaching,our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.

随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。

7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的

[教材原句] I was eager to see that...(P43) 我急切地想看到……

考点必记

(1)be eager for...急于得到……

be eager to do sth渴望做某事

be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)

(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地

eagerness n.渴望;热心

with eagerness热切地

【即时练】

单句语法填空

(1)  She is eager__________(succeed).

(2)  (2020·浙江1月高考)If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e­mail.

(3)  The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager_________ knowledge and eager_________(make) progress.

词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)

 (4)We are eager to see your wonderful performances.__________________

1.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱

[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40) 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

【词块必记】

break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)

break off断开;停顿;中断

break in强行进入;打断;插嘴

break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发

break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手

break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃

【即时练】

[用break的相关短语填空]

(1)She is trying to ____________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy. 

(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd ____________ loud applause. 

(3)When the news came that the war ____________,he decided to serve in the army. 

(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers ____________. 

[完成句子]

(5)(2021·浙江6月高考)The truck my dad drove often _______________, which made my dad in trouble.

我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。

2.as well as同(一样也);和;还

[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40) 它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。

[归纳点拨]

(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；

(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。

【即时练】

(1)  单句语法填空

(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,___________ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 

(2)As well as___________  (write) stories,I love reading and listening to music.

③The teacher as well as his students ___________ ( interest) in the film.

④Many students as well as Tom ___________  (be) present at the meeting.

(2)完成句子

⑤I can speak fluent English and_____________________ .

我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。

⑥You will always have the bad ______________________ .

人生在世总是有苦有甜。

3.keep your eyes open (for)  留心；留意(教材P41)

【即时练】　单句语法填空

①(牛津高阶)I hope I never set eyes ________ this place again!

②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead of tying him up, I just kept ________ close eye on him.

　单句表达

③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。

A sudden movement ________________．

④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。

I ask the mounted patrol to __________________________．

1.if any如果有的话

[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any?(P40) 那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢?

【即时练】

[完成句子]

(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗?如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。

Will you get a free evening next week?___________,let’s have a dinner.

(2)大家感到冷吗?如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。

Is everybody feeling cold?___________,let’s open the window.

(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。

___________,you can turn to me for help.

(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。

Please try to find out the differences between the two words.___________,speak it out.

2.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构

[教材原句] The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。

【词块必记】

with复合结构的常见形式：

with

【即时练】

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full­body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________(praise) the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”

②With a great weight ________(take) off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.

③With a lot of work________( do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.

④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog________ (follow) them.

⑤With many brightly­coloured flowers________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

⑥With so many things ________(consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.

1. belong 【即时练】答案:①to　②belonging　③belongings④ belonging ⑤ belonging to the state⑥belong to the same gym ⑦belonging to developing countries
2. surround 【即时练】 答案:(1)surrounding (2)Surrounded(3)surroundings(4)surrounded(5)by/with(6)surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings

3.charge【即时练】 答案:④ for⑤ of ⑥charged the thief with⑦ take charge of;in charge of;in/under the charge of

4. announce【即时练】答案:①announcement ②announcements③was announced④will be announced on the website⑤ announced to us that

5. amount 【即时练】答案:　①a large amount of ②of ③were spent④are ⑤is

6. approach【即时练】答案:④ to⑤ approaches⑥At⑦around/round the corner/drawing near

7. eager 【即时练】答案: (1) to succeed(2) eagerness(3)for ,to make(4)longing to see/looking forward to seeing

1.答案:(1)break away from(2)broke into(3)broke out(4)breaking into(5) broke down on the way

2.答案:  (1)was interviewed (2)writing③ was interested④ were⑤I can speak French as well⑥as well as the good in the world

3.答案:  答案：①on　②a ③caught my eye　④keep their eyes open

1.答案: (1)If so(2)If not(3)If necessary(4).If any

2. 答案: ①praising② taken③ to do④following⑤planted⑥ to consider