人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品练习

第三讲Grammar and Writing

Grammar——表语从句

用适当的连接词填空

①One theory was               bad air caused the disease.

②Another was               cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.

③The truth was               the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.

④What John Snow showed to the world was               cholera could be overcome.

⑤What Snow was determined to find out was               the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.

【自主发现】

1．在复合句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。这种从句往往是进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。

2．引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词that如句①、句②、句③；that引导表语从句时，仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，不可省略；连接副词有how，why等，如句④、句⑤。

语法知识解析

一、连接词的用法

1．that引导的表语从句。

用法：①无意义  ②不充当句子成分 ③不可省略

The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。

My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

2．whether引导的表语从句。

用法：①表“是否”的意思 ②不充当句子成分 ③不可省略

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题仍然是他们能否帮我们。

3．连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which引导表语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

He is no longer what he was.他已经不再是以前的样子。

The problem is who is fit for this job.问题是谁适合做这个工作。

The problem is whose work is the best.问题是谁的工作是最好的。

4．连接副词where, when, why, how引导的表语从句，在句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语成分。

The problem is how we can find him.问题是我们如何找到他。

That’s where you are wrong.那就是你不对的地方。

5．because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

He looked as if he was going to smile.他看上去好像要微笑。

That’s because you can’t appreciate music.那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。

二、注意事项

1．why和because引导的表语从句的区别。

I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me.(强调她生气这一结果)

我没有给她打电话。那就是她生我气的原因。

I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调没打电话的原因)

我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。

2．reason作主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，后面的表语从句表示原因时，要用that来引导，而不是because。

The reason why he was absent from work was that he was ill.他没来上班的原因是他病了。

3．表语从句中的虚拟语气。

在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略，但不可换成would)。

My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天早出发。

补全句子

①The bottom line is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids．

底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。

②The question is whether the film is worth seeing．

问题是这部电影是否值得看。

③Now it seems as though/if she had known Millie for years.

现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。

④My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.

我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

一.单句语法填空

1．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

—Is that            you had a few days off?

2．One reason for her preference for city life is            she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.

3．What the doctors really doubt is            my mother will defeat the serious illness.

4．You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights, and this is            I disagree.

5．It is raining so hard and it looks             it will last long.

6．That Jimmy won the presidency once again was            many people hadn’t expected.

7．How could we live without the Internet? That’s            most of us keep in touch with each other.

8．No one dislikes having weekends.That’s            on Saturdays and Sundays we can do whatever we like.

9．As is well known to all,  the Spring Festival is            the family are reunited and celebrate  the new year.

10．He is not the best candidate for the position.So the problem is            we can get to replace him.

11．I read about it in some book or another, but what I don’t know is            book it is.

二.补全句子

1．My suggestion is                                  ．我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

2．The  question is                                  ．问题是我们应当相信谁。

3．The problem is                                  ．问题是我们如何找到他。

4．The question is                                  ．问题是他什么时候能到。

5．This is                                 ．这就是我想要的。

三.语法填空

One of the premier medical 1.       (scientist)in the 21st century is Zhong Nanshan.Born in 1936 and 2.       (graduate)  from Peking University Health Science Center, this ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 40 years.He is a good doctor in the patients’ eyes and 3.       kind medical professor in his students’ as well.

In 2003, SARS broke 4.       in China and across the globe.Zhong Nanshan not only led but also 5.       (take) an active part in the battle against SARS.At that time most people had no 6.       (nature)defense against the disease.Dangerous

7.       it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard treating SARS patients.Meanwhile he underlined the fact 8.       teamwork among nations could save lives.Through 9.       (they) several months’ hard work, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable achievements.Soon SARS 10.       (wipe) out.In 2020, he won the Medal of the Republic.

Writing——评论科学精神的文章

一、写作分析

评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一，是对人物外貌、个性、主要事迹及贡献进行描述和说明。

二、篇章结构

首先，对此人进行简要的介绍，比如生平、事迹、职业等。

其次，挑选出此人一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写，要尽可能详细，因为这影响人们对他的整体评价。

最后，对此人进行客观的评价，包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。

一、 常用词汇

1．serve the people heart and soul全心全意为人民服务

2．share sorrow as well as happiness with sb

  与某人同甘共苦

3．lead a happy life  过着幸福的生活

4．be enthusiastic about...  对……有热情

5．be qualified for  适合；胜任

6．think highly of  对……高度评价

7．have a gift/talent for  对……有天赋

8．be strict with  对……严格要求

9．make great contributions to  对……做出巨大贡献

10．devote oneself to  致力于；献身于

11．make a difference  有影响；有重要作用

12．be gifted at  对……有天赋

13．be good at  擅长……

二、常用句式

1．介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩

①During her career life，she obtained 132 championships, including 4 Olympic championships.

在她的职业生涯中，她获得了132次冠军，其中包括4次奥运会冠军。

②When he was still a boy, he  showed  great interest in literature.

当他还是个孩子的时候，他对文学表现出极大的兴趣。

③He/She is good at spoken English and even better at using computers.

他/她擅长英语口语，更擅长使用电脑。

④Her story tells us that we should value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.

她的故事告诉我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的并努力克服生活中的任何困难。

2．介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价

①He became famous for his new theory.他因他的新理论而出名。

②People came to love him as an inspiring leader.人们开始喜欢他这个鼓舞人心的领袖。

③We regard him as our model.我们把他当作我们的榜样。

④Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.雷锋因其共产主义精神而受到赞扬。

⑤Not only should we show respect for the great scientists, but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them.

我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。

⑥It is because of the scientific spirits that the great scientists  have  made  such  outstanding achievements.

正是因为科学精神，这些伟大的科学家才取得了如此杰出的成就。

单元写作

通过本单元的学习，我们了解到两位伟大科学家的事迹，以及他们取得的卓越成就。同时，我们也意识到是科学精神成就了他们的杰出贡献。假设你校下个月要举行科技节，现面向全体学生征文，请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，谈谈你对科学精神的见解。

1．科学精神应包括一些非常宝贵的品质，如专心致志、坚持不懈、永不放弃、创造力等等；

2．正是因为这些精神，科学家们得以取得如此卓越的成就；

3．钱学森、袁隆平等都在自己的领域做出了突出的贡献；

4．作为学生，我们应该把这些科学精神应用于学习中，以实现我们的目标；

5．生活中，我们也要向这些伟大的科学家学习他们的科学精神，来处理我们遇到的困难和问题。

注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第一步　审题谋篇

第二步　要点翻译

1．在我看来，科学精神包括一些高尚的品质。

As far as I’m concerned, scientific spirits include some noble qualities.

2．多亏了科学精神，伟大的科学家们取得了许多突出的成就。

Thanks to the scientific spirits, the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.

3．没有钱学森在导弹和火箭方面全心全意的工作，中国就不会在短时间内成为世界上一个如此强大的国家。

Without Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets, China wouldn’t have become such a powerful country/so powerful a country in the world in a short time.

4．在日常生活中，我们也要向这些伟大的科学家学习他们的科学精神，来处理我们遇到的困难和问题。

In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems we meet with.

第三步　词句升级

1．用强调句型改写句2

It is thanks to the scientific spirits that the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.

2．把句3改写为一个含有if条件从句的主从复合句

If it had not been for Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets,  China wouldn’t have become so powerful a country in the world in a short time.

第四步　连句成篇

As far as I am concerned,  scientific spirits include some noble qualities,  such as devotion，persistence, never giving－up and creativity.

It is thanks to the scientific spirits that the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.For instance, if it had not been for Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets, China wouldn’t have become so powerful a country in the world in a short time.Similarly, the hybrid rice that Dr.Yuan developed has decreased the number of the hungry people around the world.Their contributions can’t be ignored.So we should show respect for the great scientists and learn the scientific spirits from them.

Besides,  as students,  if we can apply the scientific spirits to our study,  we will certainly achieve what we want.In our daily life, we can also learn the scientific spirits from the great scientists to handle the difficulties and problems we meet with.

随堂练习

假设你是李华，你校英语刊物开办专栏Great Scientists，请你根据下表信息给该专栏写一篇100词左右的英语短文来介绍为中国的能源、地震预测等做出巨大贡献的“中国地质学之父”——李四光先生。

　　注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：地质学geology　伯明翰大学University of Birmingham

培优拔尖练

A

Artificial intelligence (AI), 5G wireless technology and electric and self－driving vehicles are the stars of the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada.The show, opened on Tuesday, is one of the world’s largest and most influential technology exhibitions.

According to the Consumer Technology Association, the event organizer, more than 4，500 exhibitors came from around 160 countries.There are around 20，000 new tech products on display in 36 product categories.Hundreds of companies are showing off their latest creations.Among the categories, streaming services, 5G connectivity and AI－enabled devices are the growth leaders.

While the Internet of things (IoT) has set the pace for the market over the past decade, this year the industry is different.

“We are increasingly facing an entirely new IoT，the intelligence of things，” said Steve Koenig, the association’s vice－president of research.

“5G is one of those technologies that are really powering the intelligence of things，”Koenig said.“The story of 5G will continue to unfold as we move forward throughout the decade.” According to the association, 2020 will see double－digit growth in the number of 5G smartphones sold and revenue (收益) generated.

“This year is ‘the first year to support 5G－enabled smartphones’”， said Lesley Rohrbaugh, director of research for the group.“By 2022, two－thirds of the mobile phone market will switch from a 4G focus to 5G，” she said.

The trend is evident at the electronics show, with companies launching 5G－related devices.TCL, the Guangdong－based TV maker, was to launch its first 5G smartphone on Monday.The company said it will sell for under US$500.Lenovo is working with Qualcomm for its first 5G computer, the Yoga 5G, set for release this spring.

During Qualcomm’s news conference on Monday, company president Cristiano Amon gave an ambitious estimate about the application of 5G in 2020, saying that 200 million 5G smartphones will be launched this year.

More than 45 operators globally have already deployed  (配置) 5G, Amon said.In October，2019, China’s three major mobile operators launched 5G service plans and made them available in dozens of cities.

But 5G is not the only star at the show.“You are going to see AI throughout the entire show，”Rohrbaugh said.

1．According to Koenig, why is the IoT different this year?

A．It faces some new challenges.

B．The nature of it has changed.

C．It requires more advanced technologies.

D．It can no longer satisfy customers’needs.

2．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Streaming services can maximize economic growth.

B．5G products will create more value for companies.

C．5G smartphone sales are expected to achieve double－digit growth in 2020.

D．5G－enabled smartphones are more expensive than 4G－enabled ones.

3．What would be a suitable title for this passage?

A．The Importance of 5G Technology

B．New IoT—Intelligence of Things

C．Advanced Technologies Shine at Expo in Las Vegas

D．The Las Vegas Expo Promotes Technological Progress

B

Redefined Meat, an Israeli company, recently created the world’s first 3D－printed steak called Alt－Steak.

Using its own 3D－printing  technology，Redefined Meat has been able to create a meatless steak that features the appearance and taste of the real thing. The company was apparently able to achieve all this by working with chefs, food technologists and Swiss flavor company Givaudan. The Alt－Steak is created by mixing Redefined Meat’s Alt－Muscle, Alt－Fat，and Alt－Blood plant－based formulations (配方)in several layers. The end result is a high－protein，cholesterol－free (零胆固醇的) steak that looks，cooks and tastes like real meat.

“The importance of using 3D－printing technology to achieve texture (质地), color and flavor—and the combinations between them—cannot be overstated.By using separate formulations for muscle, fat and blood, we can focus on each individual aspect of creating the perfect Alt－Steak product，” Eshchar Ben－Shitrit，CEO of Redefined Meat, said.

“Since day one of the company, we have been working on creating a tasty and affordable plant－based  alternative  to  steaks，”  Eshchar Ben－Shitrit added.  “In order to ensure that a lot of people accepted and welcomed it, we knew that creating an alternative meat product that was both high in quality and nutritional composition would require new technologies and production processes never seen before in the food industry.”

Alt－Steak is described as an  “extremely complicated food” where protein, fats, natural colors and flavors and more are arranged in a precise manner to make them perform like the equivalent (相同的) elements in a cow’s muscle.However, this alternative meat product comes with the advantage that it can be produced much faster than the real thing.

To promote its alternative steak, Redefined Meat recently invited Israeli chef Assaf Granit for a tasting. Granit said that the taste of Alt－Steak was  “almost identical” to the original, adding that, in his opinion, eight out of ten people wouldn’t be able to tell the difference between a real steak and an Alt－Steak.

1．What is the main feature of Alt－Steak?

A．It is full of protein and cholesterol.

B．It has high quality and nutrition.

C．It is cheaper than a real steak.

D．It can be made into different colors.

2．How did the company promote its Alt－Steak?

A．It published an article about the Alt－Steak in a newspaper.

B．It gave free samples to some restaurants.

C．It held an eating competition in the city.

D．It invited a chef to taste and comment on its Alt－Steak.

3．What can be concluded about the company Redefined Meat from the text?

A．It created the alternative steak on its own.

B．It is the only company that has created the 3D－printed steak.

C．It worked on an alternative steak from the first day.

D．It produces the 3D printers at the same time.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．The Difference Between a Real Steak and a Fake One

B．How to Fulfill the Demand of Vegetarians

C．The World’s First 3D－Printed Meatless Steak

D．The Importance of 3D－Printing Technology

二.七选五

One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone.I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her. 1  I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.

That was a long time ago.Later, we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room. 2  These days I can send an e－mail around the world in a second.My daughter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as “the cloud disk”， where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.

 3  Few spend time talking face to face.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones, we store their photos at our screens.It seems that the most connected generations are also the loneliest.

Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make the time to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on. 4

Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place. 5  But when it can’t, turn it off.

A．Connect offline as well as online.

B．Then came computers and smart phones.

C．Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.

D．We should communicate with each other with phones off.

E．When your communication equipment can help to do these things, then use it.

F．However,  what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.

G．When she left the room, I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.

三．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—1.____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.Landing on the moon’s far side is 2.____________(extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3.____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4.____________(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so 5.____________ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4 6.____________(find) and study areas of the South Pole－Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it 7.____________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8.____________(construct)．”Data about the moon’s composition，such as how 9.____________ ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 10.____________(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.