英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course测试题

这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course测试题，共11页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第四单元过关检测(A卷)
(时间:90分钟　满分:120分)
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
If you wish to become a better reader,here are four important things to remember about reading rate:
·Knowing why you are reading or what you are reading to find out will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.
·Some things should be read slowly throughout.Examples are directions for making or doing something,arithmetic problems,science and history books,which are full of important information.You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important idea.
·Some things should be read rapidly throughout.Examples are simple stories for enjoyment,news,letters from friends,pieces of news from local or hometown papers,telling what is happening to friends and neighbours.
·In some of your reading,you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast,as you go along.You will need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which must be remembered.
1.The underlined word “rate” in the first sentence means “　　　”. 
A.fast　　　　 B.slow　　　
C.speed　　　　　 D.skill
答案:C
解析:词义猜测题。文中各点讲的都是读书的速度问题,所以readingrate 意为“读书的速度”,所以rate是“速度”的意思。故选C项。
2.Whichshouldbereadslowlyaccordingtothepassage?
A.Storiesforenjoyment.
B.Arithmeticproblems.
C.Lettersfromfriends.
D.Newsfromhometownnewspapers.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据“Examplesaredirectionsformakingordoingsomething,arithmeticproblems,...”可知选B项。
3.Howfastshouldweread?
A.Thefaster,thebetter.
B.Themoreslowly,thebetter.
C.Neithertoofastnortooslow.
D.Itdependsonwhatwearereading.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。通过阅读全文可知:有的东西需要仔细读,而有的快速浏览一下就行,是慢读还是快读取决于所读的内容。故选D项。

B
More than 100,and possibly hundreds of Antarctic icebergs are floating towards New Zealand in a rare event which has prompted a shipping warning,officials said on Monday.
An Australian Antarctic Division glaciologist said that the ice chunks(块),spotted by satellite photography,had passed the Auckland Islands and were heading towards the main South Island,about 450 kilometres southeast of it.
Scientist Neal Young said more than 100 icebergs,some measuring more than 200 metres across,were seen in just one cluster(串),indicating there could be hundreds more.He said they were the remains of a massive iceberg which split from the Antarctic as sea and air temperatures rise due to global warming.“All of these have come from a larger one that was probably 30 square kilometres in size when it left Antarctica,”Young told the reporter.“It’s done a long circuit around Antarctica and now the bigger parts of it are breaking up and producing smaller ones.”
He said large numbers of icebergs had not floated this close to New Zealand since 2006,when a number came within 25 kilometres of the coastline—the first such sighting since 1931.“They’re following the same tracks now up towards New Zealand.Whether they make it up to the South Island or not is difficult to tell,”Young said.
Maritime New Zealand spokesman Ross Henderson said that New Zealand has already issued coastal navigation warnings for the area in the Southern Ocean where the icebergs have been seen.
The icebergs are smaller parts of the giant chunks seen off Australia’s Macquarie Island this month,including one estimated at two kilometres and another twice the size of Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest”Olympic Stadium.
Young earlier said he expected to see more icebergs in the area if Earth’s temperature continues to increase.“If the current trends in global warming were to continue I would anticipate(预见) seeing more icebergs and the large ice shelves breaking up,”he said.
4.We can infer that Auckland Islands is 　　　. 
A.to the east of the South Island
B.to the south of the South Island
C.to the north of the South Island
D.to the west of the South Island
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段知道这些冰山是从南极漂来的,南极在新西兰的南方,它们朝新西兰的南岛漂浮,已经漂过了奥克兰岛,由此推断出奥克兰岛在南岛的南方。
5.AccordingtoScientistNealYoung　　　. 
A.theseicebergscamefromdifferentareasinAntarctic
B.theseicebergswillcompletelybemeltedinashorttime
C.thebiggestoftheicebergsis30squarekilometresinsize
D.theicebergsoricechunksarebreakingupalltheway
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’sdonealongcircuitaroundAntarcticaandnowthebiggerpartsofitarebreakingupandproducingsmallerones.”可知,首先是一个冰山,后来沿途不断破裂,变成更小的冰山。
6.Fromthetextwelearnthat　　　. 
A.floatingicebergsoncereachedtheSouthIslandinhistory
B.icebergswereover25kilometresfromtheSouthIslandin2006
C.theseicebergsarefloatingalongalmostthesamecourse
D.floatingicebergswereclosestfromtheSouthIslandin1930
答案:C
解析:理解判断题。根据第四段中的“They’refollowingthesametracksnowuptowardsNewZealand.”确定答案为C项。其余选项与原文不符。
7.Howdoesthegovernmentdealwiththematter?
A.Makinggooduseoftheicebergs.
B.Sendingoutsafesailingwarnings.
C.Warningpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.
D.Noticingtheicebergsbysatellitephotography.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段中的NewZealandhasalreadyissuedcoastalnavigationwarningsfortheareaintheSouthernOcean可知,新西兰政府发布了在该地区的航海警报,以确保船只安全。

C
Before planes,people travelled by boat.And getting goods from one place to another took a long time,especially when ships had to sail around continents.In the early 1600s,European trading companies were looking for faster routes to sail to Asia.
In 1607 and 1608,British explorer Henry Hudson led two failed voyages to find a northeast passage across the Arctic Ocean to Asia.He was searching for a route above the Arctic Circle,and his biggest problem was navigating around icebergs,which blocked his path.After failing twice,Hudson couldn’t get a British company to fund his next voyage.He had to persuade the Dutch East India Company to back his third trip.
Hudson left Amsterdam on April 4,1609 aboard a ship named the Half Moon.The crew headed southwest across the Atlantic Ocean to America.After several months,he arrived in the New York Harbour and sailed up a body of water that is now named the Hudson River.He thought the river might lead to the Pacific Ocean.But he was wrong,and he was forced to turn back to Europe.
Hudson made one final attempt in 1610,on a new ship named Discovery.He sailed Discovery across the northern Atlantic.He discovered a large body of water that became known as Hudson Bay.Unfortunately,the Hudson Bay did not lead to Asia.Furthermore,Hudson’s luck had run out.Winter weather hit the region and the crew suffered greatly from lack of food and supplies.Discovery had become trapped in thick ice.Hudson’s crew became angry.They wanted to return to Europe,but Hudson wanted to continue searching for a passage to Asia.When spring came,the crew revolted(反叛)and took control of the ship.They put Hudson,his son,and seven others on a small boat somewhere in the Hudson Bay.The crew sailed Discovery back to Europe and those who led the mutiny(反叛)were severely punished.Henry Hudson was never seen again.
8.What does the underlined word “back” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Arrange.　 B.Follow.　
C.Support. D.Value.
答案:C
解析:词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的Hudsoncouldn’tgetaBritishcompanytofundhisnextvoyage可推测back 在句中与fund意思接近,意为“资助”。故选C项。
9.WhichshipwasHudsonsailingwhenhediscoveredtheHudsonRiver?
A.HalfMoon. B.Discovery.
C.Atlantic. D.NewYorkHarbour.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的aboardashipnamedtheHalfMoon和第三句中的thatisnownamedtheHudsonRiver可知答案。
10.Whatcanbelearntfromthetext?
A.AllthecrewwereagainstHudsonduringhisfinalvoyage.
B.Hudsonmadevoyagesinfouryearsinarow.
C.HudsongaveupsearchingforapassagetoAsiaatlast.
D.TheHudsonRiverwasdiscoveredduringHudson’ssecondvoyage.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的In1607and1608,BritishexplorerHenryHudsonledtwofailedvoyages以及第三段中的HudsonleftAmsterdamonApril4,1609aboardaship和第四段中的Hudsonmadeonefinalattemptin1610可知Hudson 在1607~1610年间进行了四次航行。
11.WhatwasthepurposeofHudson’svoyages?
A.Tolookfornewland.
B.Toseekfameandfortune.
C.Tomakescientificresearch.
D.TofindashorterroutetoAsia.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的lookingforfasterroutestosailtoAsia和第二段第一句中的tofindanortheastpassageacrosstheArcticOceantoAsia可知,Hudson 航海的目的是为了找到一条通往亚洲的更便捷的航线。

D
I like challenges,but this one was almost too difficult.I had begged Mum to take me on a completely new adventure for my sixteenth birthday.Now,here we were,just Mum and me with our guide,Milo,standing on the shore of Lake Arenal in Costa Rica.Towering above the lake was Arenal Volcano,one of the active volcanoes in the area.I watched as the volcano spit out lava and coughed up big rocks.Luckily,we were headed in the other direction.
Milo helped us mount our horses.Getting on the back of my horse was difficult,but controlling it was a little easier.We started on our ride.The guidebook said we would cross three rivers.As we splashed through(溅着水花走过)a gentle stream,I asked hopefully,“Is this the first river?”
“I don’t think so,Katie,”Mum said.
Soon enough,we came to a real river.There was no mistaking it.I felt sick to my stomach when I saw that the far shore was half a football field away!The four-foot-deep river flowed over large boulders(巨石).So much for dry shoes—or jeans.
After two more rivers,the path got steeper and muddier.With each step of the horses’ hooves(蹄),there were loud sucking sounds.The rainforest was splendid and absolutely beautiful.But I wondered whether my horse could keep its balance in knee-high mud.What did I know about horses?I imagined my horse moving unsteadily on rocks hidden beneath the mud—and us crashing over a cliff(峭壁)and being swept away by lava.
Three terrifying hours later,we came to a corral(畜栏).I wondered whether we were stopping.To one side was a wonderful view of the lake and volcano,and to the other,a brightly painted restaurant.“Okay,”I laughed nervously.“That was terrifying,but I’m so glad we did it!”
12.Why did the author ask to be taken on an adventure?
A.To celebrate his birthday.
B.To get close to nature.
C.To take up a challenge.
D.To explore the volcano.
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。由第一段第一、二句可知,当时是喜欢挑战的作者请求妈妈在她十六岁生日时带她进行一次全新的冒险之旅,其目的当然是为了给自己一次新的挑战。
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mount”inparagraph2probablymean?
A.Slowdown. B.Handle.
C.Geton. D.Lead.
答案:C
解析:词义猜测题。由第一段最后一句可知,作者当时需要做的是上马和控制马。两者相比较,上马更难。由此推断mount的意思上接近于geton 或climbonto。
14.Whydidtheauthorfeelsicktoherstomachduringherjourney?
A.Thehorsealwayslostitsbalance.
B.Thepathbecamesteeperandmuddier.
C.Shefounditdifficulttoreachthefarshore.
D.Therewasmorethanonerivertowalkacross.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“IfeltsicktomystomachwhenIsawthatthefarshorewashalfafootballfieldaway!Thefour-foot-deepriverflowedoverlargeboulders.Somuchfordryshoes—orjeans.”可知答案为C项。
15.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthejourney?
A.Itwasterrifyingandunpleasant.
B.Itwasdangerousbutworthwhile.
C.Itwasentertainingandrelaxing.
D.Itwaspeacefulbutexhausting.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。由全文最后一句话可知作者认为此次冒险之旅虽然恐怖,但是让她很开心,由此推断作者认为这次旅行是危险但有意义的。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is nothing worse than sitting next to someone whose breath smells bad.In order to solve this problem,people have tried various methods since thousands of years ago.　16　.Nowadays,we use gum(口香糖)instead and it seems to be much easier. 
　17　.Scientists can even tell whether or not somebody has a disease just from a simple breath test now. 
How does it work?Breath is made up of waste chemicals that the body makes.　18　.In fact,they are just like fingerprints(指纹)—that’s why scientists sometimes call them “breathprints”. 
Compared with other kinds of tests,a breath test is much quicker.Instead of taking hours,it only takes a few minutes.　19　.This machine will help to test their breath.It has been useful in finding early signs of problems such as stomach cancer. 
Now,scientists are trying to use breath tests as many as they can.　20　. 
A.There are many ways to make your breath smell better
B.It’s much cheaper to do a breath test than other tests
C.How your breath smells says a lot about your health
D.In ancient China,people used to eat a special plant to make their breath smell better
E.Hopefully,someday,visits to the hospital will be a lot quicker and easier for everyone
F.Breath tests are also a lot easier to do than regular tests as people only need to blow into a special machine
G.Scientists from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology found that these chemicals are different for each person
答案:16.D　17.C　18.G　19.F　20.E
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A woman — in her attempt to give 　21　 to an ambulance — had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street,and,as a result,had gotten her car 　22　.She couldn’t move the car in any 　23　 without damaging it.A couple of people tried to 　24　 the car back but the obstacles were too high.The woman in the car tried to 　25　 some service,and was told it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there. 
Seeing this,I could imagine how 　26　 that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking,she 　27　 me to sit inside her car. 
I tried to 　28　 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 　29　.But actually it wasn’t too much trouble since they could still pass,and also there wasn’t anything she could do about it 　30　.I told jokes and we laughed together. 
Finally 　31　 came and helped her back on the street.She thanked me and asked for my phone number so she could return the 　32　,but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much 　33　 when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 　34　 can make a lot of 　35　. 
21.A.signal B.way
C.time D.help
答案:B
解析:此处表示一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。givewayto...“让行”,为固定搭配。故选B项。
22.A.stuck B.broken
C.dirty D.abandoned
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的Shecouldn’tmovethecar可推知,因为给救护车让行,这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能移动。
23.A.sense B.minute
C.direction D.line
答案:C
解析:此处表示在不损坏车的情况下,无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。
24.A.lift B.hold
C.pull D.drive
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的Shecouldn’tmovethecar以及下文buttheobstaclesweretoohigh可推知,车子卡在那里,障碍物太高,不能被抬(lift)回来。
25.A.offer B.seek
C.refuse D.take
答案:B
解析:此处表示那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些能提供帮助的服务。
26.A.amazing B.pleasant
C.uneasy D.incredible
答案:C
解析:根据上文可知,那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上,其他人又帮不上忙,作者将心比心,觉得此情此景,那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)。
27.A.forced B.invited
C.ordered D.allowed
答案:B
解析:根据语境可推知,那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。
28.A.persuade B.comfort
C.frighten D.satisfy
答案:B
解析:根据空后的“thewomanwhoseemedtofeelstressedaboutcausingothers　　　”可推知,那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安,作者试图宽慰(comfort)她。 
29.A.trouble B.disbelief
C.anxiety D.embarrassment
答案:A
解析:根据下文中的Butactuallyitwasn’ttoomuchtroublesincetheycouldstillpass可推知,那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。
30.A.anyway B.therefore
C.still D.somehow
答案:A
解析:根据上文中的“Shecouldn’tmovethecarinany　　　withoutdamagingit.”可推知,无论如何(anyway),那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。 
31.A.news B.mypartner
C.assistance D.anambulance
答案:C
解析:根据空后的helpedherbackonthestreet可推知,最终援助(assistance)到了,帮那位女士回到了路上。
32.A.car B.company
C.favour D.picnic
答案:C
解析:根据语境可推知,那位女士想要作者的电话号码,以回报作者的帮助(favour)。
33.A.nervous B.unwilling
C.disappointed D.better
答案:D
解析:根据语境可知,那位女士从困境中解脱出来,感觉比之前好了许多。故选D项。
34.A.alone B.bravely
C.bitterly D.directly
答案:A
解析:根据上文可知,由于作者的帮助和安慰,那位女士最终心情变得好了许多,由此可推知,她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。
35.A.decision B.fortune
C.choice D.difference
答案:D
解析:根据上文可知,作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jia Sixie,who lived 36.　　　　　　 the sixth century BC,was born in Yidu in Shandong Province.He had always been interested in agriculture and intended 37.　　　　　　　　(do) something to make Chinese farming even better.Therefore,after 38.　　　　　　　(retire) from his work for the emperor,he returned to his hometown.There,he began to use his knowledge to seek the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them. 
He spent a great deal of time collecting 39.　　　　　　(inform)from farmers who did well.Then he studied it and did experiments to find the best way.For example,he studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seedheads which had the best colour.Then he told them to hang 40.　　　　　　 up to dry all winter,which he thought was 41.　　　　　　(good)and scientific.The next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seedheads and planted.He also studied how to improve the soil. 
He suggested changing crops in the field every year:rice one year and wheat the next so that they would always get good harvest.It is also 42.　　　　　　　(importance) for them to grow different plants next to each other in the field.He wrote down his advice in a book 43. 　　　　　　　(call) QiMinYaoShu,44.　　　　　　 was considered an important summary of the knowledge of farming.For centuries after Jia Sixie died,it 45.　　　　　　　　　(study) by Chinese farmers and students of agriculture. 
答案:36.in　37.to do　38.retiring　39.information　40.them　41.better　42.important　43.called　44.which
45.was studied
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Lucy在当地的一所孔子学院(Confucius Institute)学习,你刚获悉她在学院举办的中文诗词(poetry)比赛中荣获一等奖。请你用英语给她写一封电子邮件表示祝贺,并希望她有机会来中国深造。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Lucy,
I’m pleased to learn you’ve just won first prize in the Chinese poetry competition held in your institute.I’m writing to offer my sincere congratulations to you.It came as no surprise to me because I know you love Chinese culture,especially Chinese poetry,and you’ve been studying in a local Confucius Institute for years.I’m so proud to see all your efforts have paid off.I hope you can have a chance to come to China for further study in the near future and have a better understanding of my country.
Wish you greater progress in the study of Chinese poetry.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
“Usual boring day!” This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was.These days he found everything boring,nothing excited him.
One day he was lying in his room as usual.Suddenly light went off.His room was rather hot without an air conditioner.Though he did not want to leave his room,he had to.Unwillingly,he left his room and came to living room.Living room was slightly cool as it had two huge windows.
His young brother was playing with his friend.They were rolling on the floor.He was looking out for the TV remote,but couldn’t find.He got up and searched it everywhere,but the remote was nowhere.He looked at his brother who was still lying on the floor playing.
He asked him,“Where is the remote?”
“Under the Sofa,” his brother yelled.
He tried to look through,but it was dark.He put his hand under the sofa.He touched something,grabbed it and took his hand out.OMG!It was a snake in his hand!
After seeing that his brother started to yell,“Snake,snake!” Mum came as soon as she heard their shouting.She was too horrified to see a snake.She was so scared that she even couldn’t speak a word.Two kids were trying to hide into each other’s back.“What an old trick!” Roman thought and threw it over kids.
As the snake landed on the floor near to the kids,it started moving from left side to the right.Only then did Roman realise that the snake was real,not a toy.He threw the snake over kids because he thought it was a fake snake and kids were playing some tricks.
This time Mum almost got heart attack.Now he was scared too.The snake was only 10 metres away from kids and was staring at kids.They even couldn’t call a rescue team.There might be some deadly damage before their arrival.There was not much time to think.It was the time for a quick action.
AsRomanwasfartherfromthesnake,hejumpedtothewindowandgrabbedthecurtain.
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Aftertherescueteamcaughtandtookthesnakeaway,everyonewentinsidethehome.
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参考范文
AsRomanwasfartherfromthesnake,hejumpedtothewindowandgrabbedthecurtain.He pulled it so hard that curtain was torn off immediately.Without hesitation,he threw the curtain at the moving snake and covered it.Then he grabbed two extremely-frightened kids by their arms and pushed them out of room.The moment the kids went out,they started screaming.Roman went inside the room again and brought his mum out,who was standing still,frozen with fear.Later,he called the rescue team.
Aftertherescueteamcaughtandtookthesnakeaway,everyonewentinsidethehome.Everything returned to normal except that the two kids were still scared.Roman felt guilty and even angry with himself.How could he have thrown the snake to two kids.But for the quick action,it would have hurt them!He went up to the kids,patting them on the head,and said carefully,“I’m so sorry.I mistook it for a fake one.Well...” After a short pause,he said in an excited voice,“Shall we play some game together now?” The kids burst into a smile.“What a thrilling day!” Roman texted his friend later that day.