高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions备课课件ppt

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions备课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了单元核心素养，单元话题导读，课前自主预习，open　，to　，to　to　，any　，to　as　，if any　，the way　等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Twer BridgeTwer Bridge has a lng and fascinating histry. Built between 1886 and 1894, the Bridge has spent mre than a century as Lndn’s defining landmark，an icn f Lndn and the United Kingdm.
Chsing the design fr a new river crssingA huge challenge① faced the City f Lndn Crpratin—hw t build a bridge dwnstream frm Lndn Bridge withut disrupting(扰乱)river traffic activities. T generate ideas, a cmmittee was frmed in 1876，and a public cmpetitin was launched t find a design fr the new crssing.Over 50 designs were submitted② t the Cmmittee fr cnsideratin, sme f which are n display at Twer Bridge. It wasn’t until Octber 1884, hwever, that Sir Hrace Jnes，the City Architect ffered the chsen design fr Twer Bridge as a slutin.
Building the BridgeIt tk eight years t build Twer Bridge under the watchful eye f Sir Jhn Wlfe Barry. Tw massive piers were built n fundatins③ sunk int the river bed t supprt the cnstructin, and ver 11，000 tns f steel prvided the framewrk fr the Twers and Walkways.
Hw it wrksWhen it was built，Twer Bridge was the largest and mst sphisticated bascule bridge(复杂的开合桥)ever cmpleted. These bascules were perated by hydraulics(液压系统)，using steam t pwer the huge pumping engines. The bascules nly tk abut a minute t raise t their maximum④ angle f 86 degrees.Tday, the bascules are still perated by hydraulic pwer，but since 1976 they have been driven by il and electricity rather than steam. The riginal pumping engines are nw n display⑤ within Twer Bridge’s Engine Rms.
词海拾贝①challenge n. 挑战②submit vt. 提交③fundatin n. 地基④maximum adj. 最大限度的⑤display n. 展览
典句欣赏Over 50 designs were submitted t the Cmmittee fr cnsideratin, sme f which are n display at Twer Bridge.译文：超过50个设计提交委员会审议，其中一些在塔桥展出。分析：Over 50 designs were… 是主句，sme f which are… 是非限制性定语从句。
Sectin Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ．重点单词1．______________ n. 哲学2．______________ adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人 →________________ adv. 分别地； 单独地；个别地3．________ n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟4．___________ n. 王国；领域5．_________ adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 →___________ adv. 主要地； 首要地
philsphy　individual　individually　heel　kingdm　chief　chiefly　
6．__________ n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑 →___________ adj. 迷惑的 →____________ adj. 令人迷惑的7．__________ adj. 附近的；邻近的 adv. 在附近8．__________ vi. 应在(某处)；适应 →______________ n. 财产，所有物；行李9．____________ adj. 军事的；军用的10．___________ n. 防御；保卫 →__________ vt. 防护；防卫
puzzle　puzzled　puzzling　nearby　belng　belngings　military　defence　defend　
11．_________ adj. 法律的；合法的 →___________ adv. 合法地 →_____________ adv. 违法地；非法地 →___________ adj. 非法的12．____________ vt. 围绕；包围 →_______________ adj. 周围的 →________________ n. 环境13．____________ n. 证据；证明 →___________ adj. 明显的
legal　legally　illegally　illegal　surrund　surrunding　surrundings　evidence　evident　
14．_______________ n. 成就；成绩；达到 →___________ vt. 完成；达到15．____________ n. 地方；地点；位置 →___________ adj. 位于 →__________ vt. 使坐落于vi. 定位；定居16．__________ n. 战役；搏斗vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗17．________ n. 港口(城市)18．_______________ adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 →_____________ vt. 使着迷 →_______________ n. 魅力
achievement　achieve　lcatin　lcated　lcate　battle　prt　fascinating　fascinate　fascinatin　
Ⅱ．重点短语1．jin… ______… 把……和……连接或联结起来2．break ________ (frm sb. /sth. ) 脱离；背叛；逃脱3．belng ______属于4．as well ______同(一样也)；和；还5．keep yur eyes ________ (fr)留心；留意6．lead______导致；造成7．be similar ______与……相似8．accrding ______按照；根据……所说
t　away　t　as　
9．if_______如果有的话10．add ______增加；增添11．result ______导致；造成；引起12．refer ______涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅；参考13．take ________接收；接管14．leave __________把……丢在后面；留下；忘带15．date back ______追溯到……16．be knwn ______作为……而出名；被称作……
t　 in　 t　ver　 behind　
Ⅲ．重点句型1．S what is the difference between them，_________?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？2．They intrduced the beginnings f the English language，and changed __________ peple built huses.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。3．They had castles _________ all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
4．___________ s much mre t learn abut the interesting histry and culture f the United Kingdm.关于英国有趣的历史和文化还有很多需要了解。5．If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised __________ that yu can see bth its past and its present.如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
Ⅳ．课文预读一、Reading fr the main idea1．The text mainly tells us _____.A．British EnglishB．the rigin f the British nameC．British histry abut the United KingdmD．the advantage f studying the histry abut the United Kingdm
2．Match the main idea fr each paragraph.Para. 1 A．Explains the fur invasins and their influences.Para. 2B．States tpic t be examined in the reading.Para. 3 C．Studying the histry f the cuntry will make ne’s visit much mre enjyable.Para. 4D．Explains what the term “Great Britain” means and hw it came abut.Para. 5 E．Explains differences in the fur cuntries.答案：Paras. 1－5 BDEAC
二、Reading fr the details1．What is the main idea f the text？_____A．The histry f the United Kingdm.B．The gegraphy f the United Kingdm.C．The plitics f the United Kingdm.D．The climate f the United Kingdm.
2．What happened in the 19th century？_____A．The nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England.B．The Sctland was jined t create the Kingdm f Great Britain.C．The Kingdm f Ireland was added t create the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Ireland.D．The suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK.
3．Which f the fllwing is the different area f the fur cuntries？_____A．Flag.B．Currency.C．Military defence.D．Legal system.
4．Wh cnquered England after the well-knwn Battle f Hastings？_____A．The Rmans.B．The Angl-Saxns.C．The Nrmans.D．The Vikings.5．What’s the authr’s attitude twards studying the histry？_____A．Neutral.B．Indifferent.C．Supprtive.D．Dubtful.
三、Reading fr the structure本文主要讲述了英国的发展历史。本文一开始提到人们的困惑：联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英国有什么不同，然后按照时间顺序介绍了英国的发展历史以及其对我们游览的帮助。文章是以“总—分—总”结构来行文的。
attractins　
1．puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑
The meaning f the pem has always been a puzzle.那首诗的含义始终是个谜。She is puzzled ver his letter f last week.她对他上周的那封信感到迷惑不解。
(1)a puzzle t sb. 对某人来说是一个难题be in a puzzle不知如何是好(2)puzzle ver/abut sth. 苦苦思索puzzle sth. ut琢磨出……的答案(3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人或人的表情等)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)be puzzled abut… 对……迷惑不解
The puzzled lk n her face suggested she was puzzling ver the puzzling math prblem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人费解的数学题。
单句语法填空①The class were puzzling _______________ the last physics prblem.②I am ___________(puzzle) by his failure t reply t my letter.③Where the lst by has gne still remains _____ puzzle t us.④Her ___________(puzzle) lk n her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
2．defence n. 防御；保卫
Attack is the best frm f defence.进攻是最佳的防御。She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
(1)in defence (f)保卫；保护(2)defend vt. 保护；保卫defend against抵御defend… frm/against… 保护……免遭……defend sb. by… 通过……为某人辩护defend neself自卫；为自己辩解
Trps have been sent t defend the brders.部队被派去守卫边疆。Their duty is t defend the cuntry against the enemy.他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。
单句语法填空①The sldiers fught bravely ______ defence f the safety f their cuntry.②All ur plicemen are trained t defend themselves _______________ knife attacks.完成句子③Is there any man unwilling t fight _______________ his cuntry?难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？
frm/against　
in defence f　
3．surrund vt. 围绕；包围
The general sent a large frce t surrund the airprt.将军派遣一支大部队去包围机场。That ld prfessr lved t surrund himself with yung peple.那位老教授非常喜欢年轻人围在他左右。The lake is surrunded by/with trees.湖边树木环绕。
(1)surrund… with… 用……包围……be surrunded with/by… 被……包围/环绕(2)surrunding adj. 周围的，附近的surrundings n. 环境，周围的事物
surrundings指周围具体的、物质性的环境，而envirnment指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活的环境条件。
一言助记surrundThe lake is surrunded with trees and s its surrunding area lks beautiful. And I’d like t bring up my children in such healthy surrundings.那个湖被树木环绕着，因此它周围的地区看上去很漂亮。我乐意在这样健康的环境中抚养我的孩子们。
单句语法填空①What d yu think abut the _______________(surrund) ecsystem?②He became accustmed t the new _______________(surrund).③They’ve surrunded the building ________ the plice.
surrunding　
surrundings　
完成句子④(2019·江苏高考)We ___________________ a natural playgrund just perfect fr walking, caving，climbing and cycling.我们周围是一个天然的操场，非常适合散步、洞穴探索、攀岩和骑车。⑤(2019·江苏高考)Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw, ___________ ________ family.史蒂夫来了，坐在第一排，周围都是他的家人。
are surrunded by　
surrunded 　
4．achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
Even a small success gives yu a sense f achievement.即便是小小的成功也会给人一种成就感。That surely gave us a great sense f achievement.这确实给了我们很大的成就感。
(1)a sense f achievement成就感(2)achieve vt. 完成；达到 vi. 成功achieve ne’s success取得成功achieve ne’s gal达到目标
单句语法填空①It takes hard wrk _____________(achieve) the final success.②China sent up tw manned spaceships and they were als great scientific ________________(achieve) in the wrld.
achievements　
完成句子③She hped t __________________ t becme a singer.她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名歌手。④I’ve ____________ nly half f what I’d hped t d, s I can nt celebrate the ________________ I’ve made althugh everyne said I shuld feel _______________________.我原本希望做的只做到了一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有成就感。
achieve her gal　
a sense f achievement　
1．break away (frm sb. /sth. )脱离；背叛；逃脱
The girl decided t break away frm her family if her parents didn’t agree t her marrying the yung man.如果父母不同意她和那个男青年的婚姻，这位姑娘就决定离家出走。The by brke away frm his father and ran away.那个男孩挣脱了他父亲，跑掉了。
break away中的away是副词而非介词，如果后接宾语则要再加介词frm，构成短语break away frm (sb. /sth. )。
break dwn(机器)出故障，损坏；化学物质分解；垮掉；和谈失败break in闯入，破门而入；打断，插嘴break int破门而入；闯入break ff打断，折断break ut(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发break up分解；打碎，解体，分手break thrugh冲破；突破
单句语法填空①It is said that several states wanted t break ________ frm the Unin.②His car brke ________ n the way t wrk this mrning.③The fire brke _______ during the day and thus n ne was injured.④Did yu knw that Kate brke ______ with her byfriend?
完成句子⑤It was wrng f him t _________________ all his gd friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。⑥The students were encuraged t _________________ the bad habits.学生们被鼓励改掉坏习惯。⑦The elevatrs in the building are always ________________.这幢楼里的电梯总出故障。
break away frm　
breaking dwn　
⑧Peace talks have ______________ ver the questin f reparatins.和谈因战后赔款问题而中止。⑨Bacteria _____________ the animal waste t frm methane.细菌使动物粪便分解成沼气。⑩If Tim carries n wrking like this, he’ll _____________ sner r later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。
2．refer t涉及，谈到，提到，引证；查阅，参考
He never referred t his sisters in his letters.他在信里从未提到过他的姐妹们。If yu dn’t knw the spelling f a wrd, yu shuld refer t a dictinary.如果你不会拼写一个词，你应当查一下词典。
(1)refer t… as… 把……称作……refer… t… 把……提交给……(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅in/with reference t关于
单句语法填空①Yu shuld refer this matter ______ ur teacher fr a decisin.②We refer t cpper and silver ______ gd cnductrs.③The dictinaries can be used as _____________(refer) bks while the magazines serve as reading materials.
④Wh d yu think the teacher is referring ______?⑤The scientist referred t the discvery ______ the mst exciting new develpment in this field.⑥Write dwn the phne number f that restaurant fr future __________ (refer).
3．belng t属于
(2019·浙江高考)The students feel that they belng t a particular grup.学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。The spare time belnging t the children shuld be returned t them by the teachers.老师应归还属于孩子们的课余时间。
belng t无被动语态和进行时态，作定语时用belnging t形式。不能说This car is belnging t me. 和This car is belnged t me. 。
belng vi. 应在(某处)；适应belngings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物
单句语法填空①The ld huse _____________(belng) t my grandfather was still in gd cnditin.②I just escaped frm the fld and all my ______________(belng) were swept away.③If smene belngs ______ a particular grup, he r she is a member f that grup.
完成句子④I realized that he and I ___________________________.我意识到我和他不是一路人。⑤Pratt has frgtten smething ______________________.普拉特忘记带他孩子的东西。
belnged t different wrlds　
belnging t his baby　
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
They will travel by night as well as by day.他们除了白天旅行外，晚上也得赶路。She sings as well as plays the pian.除了弹钢琴外，她还唱歌。
(1)as well as用作连词，连接同等并列成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, alng with, tgether with, but, besides, rather than等。
Mr. Brwn tgether with his wife and three children has been in China fr three years.布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。nt nly… but als… 可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与和谓语靠近的主语一致。Nt nly he but als we are fnd f the sng.不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。
(2)as well as作介词，相当于 besides, in additin t，意为“除……之外”，后接名词、代词、动名词。(3)as well as表示比较，意为“和……一样好”。(4)as well 相当于t和 als，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。(5)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“不妨……，还是……吧”。
单句语法填空①Peter as well as his friends _________(like) t listen t classical music.②Nt nly he but als his brthers ______________(wrk) like mad at the mment.③He gave me sme gd tips as well ______ sme warnings.④Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, ______(be) ging t visit Beijing this summer.
are wrking　
完成句子⑤I’m ging t Lndn and my sister’s ging __________.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。⑥If yu’re ging t the library, I _______________ g with yu; I have t return this bk.如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。
might as well　
⑦He ____________ his wife was invited t the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚会了。⑧____________ breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外，还伤到了胳膊。⑨The daughter cks ____________ her mther des.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
as well as　
As well as　
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是what is the difference between them，if any是从句。(2)if any意为“如果有的话”，是if there is any的省略形式，属于if型省略结构。I dn’t think there will be mre than a dzen left, if any.我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。
1．S what is the difference between them，if any?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？
常见的if型省略结构：(1)if＋形容词：if necessary(如果有必要的话)if pssible(如果有可能的话)If necessary, I’ll g there by myself.如果有必要的话，我将独自去那儿一趟。I suggest yu make a cpy f the dcument, if pssible.我建议你把文件复印一份，如果可能的话。
(2)if＋ever：表示“若有过的话”He seldm, if ever, travels abrad.他在国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。(3)if s如果这样的话Is it raining? If s, let’s g there tmrrw.在下雨吗？如果下了，我们明天再去那儿吧。
(4)if＋nt：if nt可视为一个否定的条件状语从句的省略D yu have an umbrella? If nt, I’ll lend yu mine.你带伞了吗？如果没有，我把我的借给你。(5)if＋过去分词：即在if与分词之间省略了主语和be(6)if＋代词：if anyne，if any，if anything等
句型转换①Sme f yu may have finished Unit One. If yu have dne s，yu can g n t Unit Tw.→Sme f yu may have finished Unit One. ________，yu can g n t Unit Tw.②Wash it in water and pick ut the small particles，if there are any.→Wash it in water and pick ut the small particles，_________.
选词填空(if s/if nt/if any/if ever/if pssible/if necessary)③It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it t the garage immediately.④D yu think yu are gd at small talk? _________, it is never t late t learn.⑤—Have yu gt any particular plans fr the cming hliday?—Yes. ______________, I’m ging t visit sme ld peple’s hmes in the city.
If pssible　
⑥The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, __________, reaching 30 ℃ in summer.⑦—The ld stre is very ppular with custmers in this area.—I can’t agree mre. There are few, _________, cmplaints abut their service.⑧I’ll stay up all night, _______________, t get it finished.
if necessary　
2．They intrduced the beginnings f the English language，and changed the way peple built huses.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
There are many ways f learning a language.学习语言的方法有很多种。This way t get the task dne is nt practical.完成该任务的这一方法不实用。The way (which/that) yu tld me last Sunday wrked well.上周日你告诉我的那个方法很管用。The way (that/in which) yu treat yur children is nt wise.你对待孩子的方法不明智。
单句语法填空①I watched the way _________________ her arms and legs mved and the funny mvements made me laugh my head ff.②The villagers thught highly f the way ________________ we treated the beggar.③The way _______________ yu tld me wasn’t practical.
(that/in which)　
(in which/that)　
(that/which)　
完成句子④The way ___________________________ t prevent the air pllutin was very gd.他提出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。⑤The Smiths are praised fr _________________________ they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。
(that/which) he thught f　
the way (that/in which)　
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句中的had castles built… 是“have＋宾语＋宾补(dne)”结构。(2)“have＋宾语＋宾补(dne)”结构①表示“请/让别人做某事”。I’ll have my bike repaired tmrrw.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.他们在英国各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
②表示“经历或遭遇(一些不好的事)”。She had her cmputer stlen the ther day.前几天她的电脑被偷了。③表示“完成/解决某事”，此时主语也可能是过去分词所表示的动作的执行者。When will yu have yur hmewrk handed in?你什么时候交家庭作业？
The bss had me set dwn what peple present at the meeting said.＝The bss gt me t set dwn what peple present at the meeting said.老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
have sth. dne, have sb. d, have sb. ding
单句语法填空①He will have the cmputer ____________(repair) tmrrw.②Unfrtunately, he had his right leg ___________(injure) during the training.③She might just have her hair _________(wave).
④She had never had anybdy _________(speak) t her that way befre.⑤In rder t finish the task in time, the tw men had their lights ___________(burn) all night lng.⑥I have an imprtant meeting ____________(attend) this afternn.
Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．We are ___________(chief) cncerned abut imprving educatinal standards.2．The patient’s illness ___________(puzzle) the dctr; and he culdn’t find the cause.3．Mr. Green std up in ___________(defend) f the 16-year-ld by, saying that he was nt the ne t blame.4．As a famus pp star, he lves ___________________(surrund) by s many fans cming t visit him frm the nearby cities.
being surrunded　
5．There is plenty f ____________(evident) that drinking is clsely cnnected with vilence.6．Her friends came t help her when the war brke _______.7．Scientists say they are beginning t break ___________ in the fight against cancer.8．The huse had belnged ___ her family fr three r fur generatins.9．E-mail, as well as telephnes, ______(be) playing an imprtant part in daily cmmunicatin.10．Yu shuld cme n time. If _______，please let me knw.
Ⅱ．选词填空break away frm，keep yur eyes pen，add t，date back t，jin… t… ，as well as，belng t1．____________________ fr pprtunities.2．Having nthing t _________ the list, he gave it back t his assistant.3．In the 16th century, the Wales _______________ the UK.4．Part f East Africa will _________________ the rest f Africa.
Keep yur eyes pen　
was jined t　
5．Many freigners are fnd f the lcal snacks ________________ Qing Dynasty.6．Children shuld be educated nt t tuch anything _______________ thers withut permissin.7．Many graduates ____________ their belved prfessr have attended the graduatin ceremny.
dating back t　
belnging t　
Ⅲ．完成句子1．___________________ the Chinese have made in space are surprising and pleasing.中国人在太空所取得的成就令人惊喜。2．Treat thers in __________ yu want t be treated.以你想要被对待的方式对待别人。3．They have already _____________________________ t the new editin f dictinary.他们已经在新版本的词典中增加了一些日常用语。
The achievements　
had sme everyday wrds added　
4．Finally, he had t admit having cheated in the exam and ______________ he wasn’t admitted t universities.最后，他不得不承认考试作弊，这就是为什么他没有被大学录取。5．The lcal Tibetans laughed at the strange bttles cntaining what they ______________ as “English air”.当地藏族人民嘲笑那些含有他们称之为“英国空气”的奇怪的瓶子。
that was why　
referred t　
6．The gvernment has taken sme measures t __________________ _______________.政府已经采取一些措施来解决电力短缺的问题。7．It’s evident that _______________ can prve his inncence.很明显，证据可以证明他是清白的。
slve the shrtage 　
f electricity 　
the evidence　
Ⅳ．课文与语法填空根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many peple are cnfused abut the 1._____________(mean) f the names：the United Kingdm，Great Britain, Britain and England. 2.___________ (slve) this puzzle, knwing a little bit abut British histry will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby cuntry f Wales 3._____________(jin) t the Kingdm f England，fllwed by the cuntry Sctland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdm f Ireland was added t create the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Ireland. 4.___________(final), in the 20th century, the suthern part f Ireland brke away 5.________ the UK, resulting in the full name we have tday: “the United Kingdm” r “the UK”. Peple frm the UK are called “British”， 6._________ means the UK is als ften referred t as Britain r Great Britain.