山东省济南市平阴县2020-2021学年七年级上学期期末考试数学试题(word版 含答案)
展开2020—2021学年度第一学期期末学习诊断检测
七 年 级 数 学 试 题
温馨提示:1.本试题分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,
考试时间120分钟,满分150分.
2.答题前,考生务必认真阅读答题纸中的注意事项,并按要求进行填、涂和答题
第Ⅰ卷 选择题(48分)
一、单项选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题4分,满分48分)
1.有理数3的绝对值是
A.3 B.-3 C. D.
2.如图,四个几何体分别为长方体、圆柱体、球体和三棱柱,这四个几何体中截面不可能是
长方形的几何体是
A.长方体 B.圆柱体 C.球体 D.三棱柱
3.为加快高技能人才队伍建设,打造助推县域产业转型升级的“平阴工匠”,平阴县推出了
一系列人才奖励政策。获悉,平阴县第一批高技能人才一次性奖励资金共计645000元全部以
“不见面”申请方式发放到位。数据645000用科学记数法表示为
A. B. C. D.
4.在下列调查中,适宜采用普查的是
A.调查某批次汽车的抗撞击能力 B.调查某班学生的身高情况
C.调查春节联欢晚会的收视率 D.调查山东省居民日平均用水量
5.若为有理数且,则的取值是
A.5 B.±5 C.5或-3 D.±3
6.三棱柱的顶点个数是
A.3 B.6 C.9 D.12
7.已知代数式的值是3,则代数式的值是
A.7 B.5 C.4 D.不能确定
8.有一位工人师傅将底面直径是10cm,高为80cm的“瘦长”形圆柱,锻造成底面直径为40cm的“矮胖”形圆柱,则“矮胖”形圆柱的高是
A.25cm B.20cm C.10cm D.5cm
9.实数在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示,下列关系式不成立的是
A.> B.< C.>0 D.<
10.若方程和方程 的解相同,则 的值为
A.-1 B. 1 C.±1 D. 0
11.如图,将﹣3,﹣2,﹣1,0,1,2,3,4,5分别填入九个空格内,使每行、每列、每条对角线上的三个数之和相等,现在分别表示其中的一个数,则的值为
A.﹣5 B.﹣4
C.0 D.5
12.人行道用同样大小的灰、白两种不同颜色的小正方形地砖铺设而成,如图中的每一个小正方形表示一块地砖,如果按图①②③…的次序铺设地砖,把第n个图形用图n表示,那么
图50中的白色小正方形地砖的块数是
A.150 B.200 C.355 D.505
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题(102分)
二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题4分,满分24分)
13.数轴上表示3的点和表示-1的点的距离是 个单位长度.
14.若与﹣5互为相反数,则的值为 .
15.已知和是同类项,则=_________
16.如图是一个正方体纸盒的展开图,正方体的各面标有数1,2,3,-3,A,B,相对面上两个数和相等,则 A=__________.
17.把一张长方形纸片按图所示折叠后,若∠AOB′=70°,则∠B′OG=__________
16题图 17题图
18.2020年新冠病毒疫情初期,口罩供应短缺,某地规定:每人每次限购5只.李红出门买口罩时,无论是否买到,都会消耗家里库存的口罩一只,如果有口罩买,他将买回5只.已知李红家原有库存15只,出门10次购买后,家里现有口罩35只.请问李红出门买到口罩的次数是______次.
三、解答题:(本大题共9小题,满分78分,解答应写出必要的文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)
19.计算(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1) (2)
- 解方程(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1) (2)
21.化简、求值(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1)先化简、再求值:,其中
(2)化简:已知,,求
22.(本小题满分8分)如图是由几个相同的小正方体搭成的几何体.画出这个几何体的主视图和左视图.
23.(本小题满分8分)如图已知点C为AB上一点,,,D、E分别为AC、AB的中点,求DE的长.
24.(本小题满分9分)5G时代的到来,将给人类生活带来巨大改变. 现有A、B两种型
号的5G手机,进价和售价如下表所示:
型号/价格 | 进价(元/部) | 售价(元/部) |
A | 3000 | 3400 |
B | 3500 | 4000 |
某营业厅购进A、B两种型号手机共10部,总计花费32000元:
(1)营业厅购进A、B两种型号手机各多少部?
(2)营业厅将手机销售完成后共获得利润多少元?
25.(本小题满分9分)“安全教育平台”是中国教育学会为方便学长和学生参与安全知识活动、接受安全提醒的一种应用软件.某校为了了解家长和学生参与“防溺水教育”的情况,在本校学生中随机抽取部分学生作调查,把收集的数据分为以下4类情形:A.仅学生自己参与;B.家长和学生一起参与;C.仅家长自己参与;D.家长和学生都未参与.
请根据图中提供的信息,解答下列问题:
(1)在这次抽样调查中,共调查了________名学生;
(2)补全条形统计图,并在扇形统计图中计算类所对应扇形的圆心角的度数;
(3)根据抽样调查结果,估计该校2000名学生中“家长和学生都未参与”的人数.
26.(本小题满分10分)
如图在数轴上A点表示数a,B点表示数b,a、b满足.
(1)点A表示的数为__________;点B表示的数为 ___________ ;
(2)一小球甲从点A处以1个单位/秒的速度向左匀速运动;同时另一小球乙从点B处以2个单位/秒的速度也向左匀速运动,设运动的时间为t(秒),
①t秒以后,甲球对应的点所表示的数是 _________.(用含t的代数式表示出来)
②试探究:在运动过程中,甲、乙两小球到原点的距离可能相等吗?若不能,请说明理由.若能,请求出甲,乙两小球到原点的距离相等时经历的时间.
27.(本小题满分10分)如图,一副三角板中各有一个顶点在直线MN的点O处重合,三角板AOB的边OA落在直线MN上,三角板COD绕着顶点O任意旋转.两块三角板都在直线MN的上方,作的平分线OP,且∠AOB=45°,∠COD=60°.
(1)当点C在射线ON上时(如图1),∠BOP的度数是__________
(2)现将三角板COD绕着顶点O旋转一个角度x°(即=x°),请就下列两种情形,分别求出∠BOP的度数(用含x的代数式表示)
①当为锐角时(如图2);
②当为钝角时(如图3).
2020—2021学年度第一学期期末学习诊断检测
七 年 级 数 学 试 题 答 案
一、 单项选择题(共12小题,每小题4分,满分48分)
题号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
答案 | A | C | C | B | C | B | B | D | D | A | A | C |
二、填空题(共6小题,每小题4分,满分24分)
13. 4 14. 3 15. 5
16. -2 17. 55° 18. 6
三、解答题(共9小题,满分78分,解答应写出必要的文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)
19.计算(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1)
=····································································2分
=····································································3分
=··········································································4分
(2)
=·····························2分
=········································3分
=···········································································4分
- 解方程(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1)
解: ·····························································2分
································································3分
·································································4分
(2)
解: ·························································2分
·························································3分
··························································4分
21.化简、求值(本小题满分8分,每小题4分)
(1)
= ····························································1分
= ·········································································2分
=··············································································3分
当时
原式=
=
=···············································································4分
(2)
=···········································1分
=·················································2分
=··········································································3分
=···············································································4分
22.(本小题满分8分)
··························每图4分
23.(本小题满分8分)
解:∵
∴····················································2分
∴ ···············································4分
∵D、E分别为AC、AB的中点
∴····················································5分
····················································6分
∴··················································8分
24.(本小题满分9分)
解:(1)设 营业厅购进A种型号手机部,则购进B种型号手机部··············1分
由题意可得:···································3分
解 得:······································5分
购进B种型号手机:10-6=4···············································6分
所以:营业厅购进A种型号手机6部,购进B种型号手机4部
(2)(元)·····································3分
所以:营业厅将手机销售完成后共获得利润4400元
25.(本小题满分9分)
(1)400·······································································3分
(2)解:B类家长和学生有:400-80-60-20=240(人),补全如图; ···················1分
C类所对应扇形的圆心角的度数:。······························3分
(3)解:(人)。··················································3分
答:该校2000名学生中“家长和学生都未参与”有100人。
26.(本小题满分10分)
(1) -2 ;4 ·······························································4分
(2)①··································································2分
② 情况一:乙球位于原点右侧时:
····························································3分
解得···························································4分
情况二:乙球位于原点左侧时:(追击)
···························································5分
解得···························································6分
所以当、甲,乙两小球到原点的距离相等
27.(本小题满分10分)
(1)37.5°·········································3分
(2)①当为锐角时:
∵=45°,=60°,=°
∴=180°-45°-60°-°=75-°···········1分
∵OP平分
∴······················3分
②当为钝角时:
∵=°,=180°
∴ =················4分
∴=+-==···6分
∵OP平分
∴ ·····························7分
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