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外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics精品课时训练
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这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics精品课时训练，文件包含高中外研版英语新教材选修第4册Unit4单元检测卷4docx、高中外研版英语新教材选修第4册4单元检测卷4wav等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共19页， 欢迎下载使用。
单元检测卷(四)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How does the woman want her coffee?
A．Without milk.
B．Without sugar.
C．With less sugar.
2．What will the man do next?
A．Walk his dog.
B．Work on his project.
C．See his friend Spark.
3．What time is it now?
A．5∶00. B．5∶10. C．5∶15.
4．What does the woman mean?
A．She is embarrassing the man.
B．She takes notes very carefully.
C．She can’t read her own writing.
5．Who are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．Their kids.
B．Their parents.
C．Their neighbors.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a café.
B．On a city street.
C．On a country road.
7．Why is the woman wearing sunglasses?
A．She feels tired.
B．She thinks it’s fashionable.
C．She wants protection from the sun.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the woman want to go?
A．To Parker Street.
B．To Bradley Drive.
C．To Ocean Avenue.
9．When does the woman need to arrive?
A．At 10∶30. B．At 10∶45. C．At 11∶00.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who is the woman talking to?
A．Her boss. B．Her doctor. C．Her teacher.
11．What is going on with the woman’s mother?
A．She has to move away.
B．She just had an operation.
C．She has a serious disease.
12．What is the man’s attitude toward the situation?
A．Understanding.
B．Angry.
C．Confused.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What happened to the man?
A．He lost the receipt.
B．He forgot to pay for parking.
C．He was given a parking ticket.
14．How much is the man supposed to pay now?
A．$5. B．$30. C．$35.
15．When will the man hear back from the transportation office?
A．In a few days.
B．In a few weeks.
C．In a few months.
16．How will the man find out the final decision?
A．By mail. B．By phone. C．Online.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who might the man be?
A．A bus driver.
B．A ship captain.
C．An airplane pilot.
18．Where will the passengers go next?
A．To Miami.
B．To Mexico City.
C．To Havana City.
19．What is the weather probably like now?
A．Sunny and nice.
B．Windy and cold.
C．Rainy and wet.
20．What should people do if they need help?
A．Talk to the staff.
B．Find the speaker.
C．Call 911.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9．B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.A 17．B 18.C 19.A 20.A
听力材料
Text 1
M：How do you take your coffee? Do you want milk and sugar?
W：Just a little bit of milk，please.I’m trying to avoid sugar.
Text 2
W：Can you take Spark to the park for a walk，please?
M：Yeah，this work project is taking forever.I hate working on the weekends.Don’t worry.I’ll take him out right now.
Text 3
M：Do you know what time the bus is supposed to come，Mindy? I’ve already been waiting here for a quarter of an hour.
W：Well，it was supposed to come at five o’clock.But it’s already ten minutes late.
Text 4
M：Can you read this for me? I appreciate you lending me your notes，but your handwriting is really hard to make out.
W：Let’s see...um，this is embarrassing，but I’m actually not sure what that says!
Text 5
W：Is that the guy who moved in across the street? He looks pretty friendly.
M：Yeah，he just moved in here with his wife and two kids.I think they’re about the same age as us.
W：After dinner with mom and dad，let’s go over there and introduce ourselves.
Text 6
M：Watch out! You almost stepped in glass! Someone must have dropped a bottle on the ground or something.
W：Oh，that was close.I guess it can be dangerous to walk around the city streets wearing slippers.
M：Well，it’s also probably difficult for you to see with those sunglasses on.It isn’t even sunny outside，so why are you wearing them?
W：Oh，I was up late last night working on a presentation for work.I don’t really want the world to see how tired I am right now!
M：Come on.Let’s get you a coffee before you hurt yourself...
Text 7
W：I’m late for my dentist appointment.Do you think you can give me a ride to Ocean Avenue?
M：Actually，I’m headed in the other direction.I need to meet a friend on Parker Street.Why don’t you take a taxi there?
W：Oh，there is always a long time for taxis downstairs on Bradley Drive.
M：What time is your appointment?
W：11∶00，but I need to get there fifteen minutes early to fill out some paperwork.And it’s 10∶30 right now.
M：Hey，I just remembered that the express bus goes past Ocean.It should only take you ten minutes to get there.
W：That’s right! Thanks for reminding me.See you later!
Text 8
W：Mr Gables，can I talk to you for a minute?
M：Sure，Betsy.What’s up?
W：It’s my mother.She’s really sick.The doctors don’t know what’s going on with her，but she needs an operation next week.
M：Oh，Betsy，I’m so sorry to hear that.But I’m glad that she is getting the attention that she needs.And it’s great that you can be there for her.I know she appreciates it.
W：I hope so.Anyway，I may need to drop your class.I know we’re almost at the first midterm，but I’m not sure how much time my mom will need to get better.My dad has to go to work，and someone needs to take care of my mom.
M：I completely understand.I’ll make sure that you don’t get a grade for this class.Your final grade won’t be affected at all.
Text 9
M：I can’t believe I just got a parking ticket! I just parked in the regular parking lot next to the subway station.
W：Don’t you have to pay to park there?
M：Yeah，and I did.I paid $5.The guy there said to pay cash and put it in the machine.I got my receipt and put it inside my car.But when I came back，I had a ticket for $30 waiting for me!
W：Oh，that’s too bad.Are you going to pay it?
M：No way! Why should I? I paid for my parking.I shouldn’t have to pay anything else.
W：Well，what are you going to do?
M：I called the city’s transportation office，and they said that I had to fill something out on their website.They’ll send me a letter in the mail to let me know about their decision.
W：How long will that take?
M：Oh，they said between a week and a month.But at least I don’t have to pay anything until I find out.
Text 10
M：This is your captain speaking.We have to change our direction due to a storm up ahead about fifty miles away.We were hoping to get to Miami by 7∶00 p．m.，but the storm started moving faster than we had thought.We just can’t take any chances，so we’ll have to stop in Havana City and continue on tomorrow morning.There is also a chance that the storm will move closer to us，and we might experience some strong wind，rain，and even ice.We know it seems nice and calm now，but that could change at any minute.For this reason，we need everyone to come inside and walk to your rooms at once.This is for your own safety.Do not run; we don’t want anyone getting hurt.Please don’t worry.We’ve done this trip from Mexico City six times this year and every year before that since 1999，so you’re in good hands.If you need help，please look for our staff or dial 811 on the phone in your room.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever experienced any inconvenience caused by language barriers while travelling? Have you ever thought how awesome those language courses would be if they didn’t cost so much money and require so much time?
Translaty is created to serve this purpose—without wasting your money and time on language courses，you can instantly become “fluent” in more than 40 languages with this genius device!
What is Translaty?
Translaty is a simple yet life-changing invention that helps you to overcome any caused by foreign languages，whether you’re in a business meeting with an international client or sunbathing somewhere on a Spanish beach.This small but ingenious device is able to instantly recognize and translate over 40 different languages，making intercultural communication completely effortless!
What languages can I actually communicate in?
Translaty has more than 40 languages pre-installed，so you’re able to use it the minute you get it! It provides fast and accurate two-way communication and allows you to install some other languages that you might be missing.
What makes Translaty so special?
*Makes travelling easier—forget language barriers and become “fluent” in 40＋languages.
*Helps in business—strengthening your international business relationships.It’s easy when you speak the same language.
*Assists in daily life—allowing you to overcome language differences with your foreign friends.
*Convenient and easy to use—lightweight and simple design ensures it’s there when you need it the most.
*Offers 100% accurate，two-way translations.
*High sound recording quality ensures there are no misunderstandings.
To sum up—get it while you can!
21．Translaty can help users .
A．better understand foreigners
B．learn foreign languages well
C．spend less in learning a language
D．build relationships with colleagues
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据What is Translaty？部分下的“Translaty is a simple yet life-changing invention that helps you to overcome any obstacles caused by foreign languages”可知，Translaty可以帮助你更好地理解外语。故选A项。
22．What is special about Translaty?
A．It’s secure. B．It’s strong.
C．It’s reliable. D．It’s affordable.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据What makes Translaty so special？部分下的“Offers 100% accurate，two-way translations.”可知，Translaty的特别之处在于准确可靠。故选C项。
23．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To report. B．To advertise.
C．To appeal. D．To reply.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段可推测，本文是给一个名叫Translaty的产品打广告。故选B项。
B
I’ve enjoyed countless gatherings of Thanksgiving，from traditional family gatherings to feasts with many new faces.Yet at age 65，I have never spent the holiday with a husband or children of my own.
If you feel pity for me，please don’t—I am proud of the decision I made decades ago to change from life’s road map，and I have no regrets about it.I enjoy being alone.
I found my life deeply rewarding.At the same time，I was fascinated with the question of why my adult life as a single person was not as valued by the people around me or by society.When people learned I was single with no children，they assumed my life had a hole that needed filling.
I wondered：Was it just me，or were other single people viewed the same way? I teamed up with my colleague，Wendy Morris，and she and I began a series of studies investigating how people characterize single and married people.The research shows that single people typically have more friends than married people do.They also do more to help，support，and stay in touch with their parents，friends，and neighbors.
I’ve lived my life in cheerful，unapologetic refusal of the “get married，have kids” road map.But getting married is deeply ingrained in our society，and it can be difficult to break completely free of the marriage-plus-children ideal.
The research and the books，though，are not enough.We all need to think about life more open-mindedly.Instead of asking whether you do or don’t want to marry or have kids，ask：What will make your life meaningful and fulfilling? When you think about it that way，the possibilities are limitless.
语篇解读 作者是一个喜欢独居的人，而周围的人却觉得作者的单身生活非常空虚。作者做了一项研究，研究发现单身的人更乐于助人。人们很难完全摆脱“结婚＋生孩子”的观念，所以我们需要更开放地思考生活。
24．What do we know about the author?
A．She enjoys living in a lonely house.
B．She seldom stays with her husband.
C．She feels regretful about her life.
D．She prefers to live her life alone.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I enjoy being alone.”可知，作者更喜欢独自生活。故选D。
25．How do the people think about the author’s single life?
A．Rewarding. B．Empty.
C．Valuable. D．Fascinating.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When people learned I was single with no children，they assumed my life had a hole that needed filling.”可知，人们认为作者的单身生活非常空虚，有一个需要填补的漏洞。故选B。
26．What did the author find in her research?
A．Single people are more helpful.
B．Single people are not respected.
C．Married people have few friends.
D．Married people are careless in life.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“They also do more to help，support，and stay in touch with their parents，friends，and neighbors.”可知，作者在她的研究中发现单身的人更乐于助人。故选A。
27．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ingrained” in the fifth paragraph?
A．Influenced. B．Disturbed.
C．Rooted. D．Hurt.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“it can be difficult to break completely free of the marriage-plus-children ideal”可知，结婚在我们的社会中是根深蒂固的，人们很难完全摆脱“结婚＋生孩子”的观念。由此可知，画线单词意为“根深蒂固的”。故选C。
C
Yellow is usually the color of happy，joyful emotions.But according to a new study，not all people associate the sunshine with good feelings.
To find out what factors might play a role，researchers tested a new hypothesis(假设)：What if people’s physical surroundings affect their feelings about certain colors? For example，if someone lived in cold and rainy Finland，would they feel differently about the color yellow from someone who lived near the Sahara Desert?
The researchers looked at color-emotion data from an ongoing international survey of 6,625 people in 55 countries.The survey asked participants to rate 12 colors on how closely they were associated with feelings including joy，pride，fear，and shame.
The researchers paid particular attention to the data for yellow，and analyzed how different factors—including hours of sunshine，hours of daylight，and the amount of rainfall—lined up with the emotions people reported for the color.The two best predictors of how people felt about yellow were the annual amount of rainfall，and how far they lived from the .
Overall，people were more likely to associate yellow with joy when they lived in rainier countries that lay farther from the equator，researchers reported in the Journal of Environmental Psychology.In Egypt，the likelihood of yellow being associated with joy was just 5.7% ，whereas in chilly Finland it was 87.7%.In the United States，with its climate and amber waves of grain，people’s yellow-joy association levels were between 60% and 70%.
The researchers also checked whether associations changed with the season—whether，for example，people in a certain country liked yellow more in the winter than they did in the summer.They found that opinions about color remained fairly constant year-round—even when the weather changed，the data on yellow-joy associations were as good as gold.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。黄色通常代表快乐，但并不是所有人看到黄色都会有好感，本文阐述了其中的影响因素。
28．What did the researchers do before the survey?
A．They went to Finland.
B．They made an assumption.
C．They studied certain colors.
D．They analyzed some data.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段开头“To find out what factors might play a role，researchers tested a new hypothesis”可知，在进行调查之前研究者先做了一个假设。故选B项。
29．Which of the following affects people’s feelings about yellow?
A．The changeable seasons.
B．The length of daytime.
C．The geographic position.
D．The amount of snowfall.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段末句可知，影响人们对黄色感觉的是年降雨量和地理位置。故选C项。
30．How did the researchers carry out the survey?
A．By interviewing participants.
B．By studying the data collected.
C．By travelling around the world.
D．By looking at color combinations.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，研究者通过研究所收集的数据来进行调查。故选B项。
31．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Finland：A Country Admiring Yellow
B．Yellow：Associated with Joy Conditionally
C．Color：An Important Role in Good Feelings
D．Color-emotion Data：Collected Internationally
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲述了把黄色和幸福、快乐联系在一起是有特定条件的，并非所有人都是这样。故选B项。
D
Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 million and forestry program，at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset(碳补偿) plans to meet climate goals.The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon，including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.
The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell，as well as a way to meet its climate targets.“We believe that over time we will be building a business，because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited，” they said.Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint(碳排放) by 2-3 percent in five years，which includes emissions(排放) from the products it sells.The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products，or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon.However，the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics，as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor.Shell’s move has also been criticized by some environmentalists.They worried that there was a risk of “greenwash” when companies invested in forestry projects.“There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，” they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林) to another.
Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements.Mark Lewis，head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas，said，“Planting trees to offset emissions，as far as it goes，is a step in the right direction.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今越来越多的石油公司正将资金投入碳补偿项目，以实现气候目标，其中包括荷兰皇家壳牌公司通过将其生产的碳信用额投放市场，从碳补偿项目中获利。但同时它也受到了一些环保人士的批评。
32．What is popular among oil companies these days?
A．Studying climate changes.
B．Launching forestry programs.
C．Working out carbon offset plans.
D．Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，目前很多石油公司都在制订碳补偿计划。故选C项。
33．How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects?
A．By quitting the emissions of its products.
B．By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.
C．By limiting the oil used by its own operations.
D．By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，该公司通过把碳信用额投放到市场上来降低碳足迹。故选D项。
34．What concerns some environmentalists about forestry project?
A．The projects can’t really stop carbon emissions.
B．The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.
C．The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.
D．The projects haven’t met strict biodiversity requirements.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“‘There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，’they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林) to another.”可知，环保主义者担心森林项目会导致其他地区的森林滥伐。故选C项。
35．What does the underlined word “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Discount. B．Cheat.
C．Decline. D．Change.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，壳牌公司的举动受到了一些环保人士的批评，他们担心该公司投资林业项目会出现greenwash的风险。结合句意，尤其是criticized和risk判断画线词是一个负面感情色彩的词，故推测它的意思是“虚假行为”。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Public Speaking
Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.
The types of public speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes：to inform，to persuade and to entertain.An informative speech has a purpose to inform，or give knowledge to its audience. 36 For persuasive speech，the speaker would try to change the mindset，perception，or behavior of the audience for their own good.Thus，the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.The last type is a ceremonial speech.It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches.No matter how well you know the person you are giving a speech about，try not to say bad things about them，even if it is meant to be a joke.
37 Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last.Aside from it，knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary.Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience.Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.
Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. 38 A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean.Often，when given a speech，the audience look up to the speaker to give them something new and useful. 39 Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language.The movements and gestures of a speaker also affect the audience.While closing the speech or presentation，speakers can restate their main points，just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. 40
A．It needs to be used clearly.
B．These speeches mark special occasions.
C．The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.
D．The key of perfecting anything is through practice，including public speaking.
E．They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
F．Knowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.
G．Thus，the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audience’s expectation.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了三种公共演讲类型的目的以及成就完美演讲所注意的几点技巧。
36．答案 C
解析 由空前“An informative speech has a purpose to inform，or give knowledge to its audience.”可知，一篇内容丰富的演讲有一个目的，就是向听众提供信息或传授知识。所以此处要告诉读者要注意什么。故C选项“重要的是要注意不要输入太多的信息”符合句意。
37．答案 D
解析 由后文可知，本段主要告诉读者“完善一切的关键在于实践，包括公开演讲”。故D选项符合句意。
38．答案 A
解析 由空后一句可知，一个演讲者需要仔细选择他们讲的话，让观众明白他们的意思。A选项“它需要被清楚地使用”引出下文，符合句意。
39．答案 G
解析 由空前一句可知，听众会抬头仰望演讲者，希望他能给他们一些新的有用的东西。这时演讲者应该知道怎么去做。故G选项“因此，演讲者需要知道如何发表他们的演讲来满足听众的期望”符合句意。
40．答案 E
解析 由空前一句可知，在结束演讲或陈述时，演讲者可以重述他们的要点，只是为了提醒听众已经说过的重要事情。所以此处要与前一句一同说明，在结束演讲时可以以什么样的形式结束。故E选项“他们也可以用特别的信息来结束演讲，并鼓励听众提问”符合句意。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A scientist 41 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology.He took a glass bottle， 42 its cork(瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it.The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside.He then passed the bottle to a monkey，who shook it 43 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 44 fell out.The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 45 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 46 the monkey always ignored his 47 .Each time it just shook the bottle frantically，with great 48 but without necessarily achieving 49 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 50 the scientist instructs. 51 because all its attention was focused on the peanuts.Instead，it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 52 its attention to the 53 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down.To achieve this，it had to calm down and not be 54 by the impulse(诱惑) of its appetite.Yet the monkey was not able to understand this.It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey’s some psychology is just like 55 of human beings.
语篇解读 本文属于说明文，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发现猴子与人类的一些心理有相似之处。
41．A.kept B．rose
C．visited D．caught
答案 A
解析 为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家饲养了(keep)几只猴子。故选A。
42．A.moved B．removed
C．discovered D．covered
答案 B
解析 他拿了一个玻璃瓶，取出(remove)瓶塞，放了两颗花生进去。故选B。
43．A.happily B．anxiously
C．hurriedly D．instantly
答案 B
解析 然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地(anxiously)摇晃了很久，当花生偶然(accidentally)掉下来的时候，它能得到花生。故选B。
44．A.suddenly B．accidentally
C．occasionally D．quickly
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。故选B。
45．A.as B．that
C．what D．until
答案 A
解析 科学家又像以前一样把一些花生放进瓶子里，向猴子展示只需要把瓶子翻过来花生就可以掉出来。as正如。故选A。
46．A.But B．When
C．Therefore D．Thus
答案 A
解析 但是(but)猴子总是无视他的指示(instruction)。上下文为转折关系，故选A。
47．A.directions B．explanations
C．performances D．instructions
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。故选D。
48．A.effort B．strength
C．power D．force
答案 A
解析 每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，非常努力地(with great effort)摇，但不一定能达到预期的(desired)效果。故选A。
49．A.happy B．interesting
C．satisfying D．desired
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。故选D。
50．A.what B．how
C．why D．which
答案 A
解析 现在的问题是为什么猴子不能理解科学家的指示。what在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故选A。
51．A.Probably B．Likely
C．Simply D．Nearly
答案 C
解析 只是(simply)因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上。故选C。
52．A.put B．send
C．spend D．shift
答案 D
解析 相反，它必须把眼睛从花生上移开，并迅速将注意力转移(shift)到科学家的手(hand)的动作和瓶子倒转的方式上。故选D。
53．A.gesture B．mouth
C．hand D．eye
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。故选C。
54．A.taken away B．taken off
C．taken over D．taken on
答案 C
解析 要做到这一点，它必须冷静下来，而不是被它食欲的冲动所取代(take over)。故选C。
55．A.that B．the
C．those D．this
答案 A
解析 正是这样的例子，揭示了猴子的某些心理与人类的相似之处。that指代前面提到的psychology。故选A。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The word “qípáo” did not appear until the 20th century and is one of a number of 56.
(word) used to refer to clothing.
It was in Shanghai 57. it is still well-known that it took shape.Fashion features(时尚的特征) in the Chinese press in the 1920s showed a mix of elements(元素) in 58. (variety) designs before the familiar dress appeared.The familiar，figure-hugging dress with its mandarin collar and long splits finally appeared in the late 1920s and women at that time were especially 59. (delight) at its appearance.Its status 60. (strengthen) when the new government recognized it as formal dress in 1928.
Over time，the dress has proved to have controversial position in the Chinese culture.Historically，it was more likely to be worn by a call girl 61. by an activist.In China，today it is often worn by the bride，but it is perhaps most 62. (common) used as a uniform for female staff in stores and big hotels.
Supporters of it are calling for the 63. (necessary) of understanding its history before putting it on.And there is no doubt 64. its complex design origins and historical social status are worth 65. (explore)．
56．答案 words
解析 考查名词复数。word为可数名词，由空前的修饰词 one of a number of可知，此处要用word的复数形式。故填words。
57．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。句中It was...that为强调句，在强调句中Shanghai后为限制性定语从句，先行词为Shanghai，关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，应该用 where。故填where。
58．答案 various
解析 考查形容词。所填词修饰名词 designs，所以要用variety的形容词形式various，various designs意为“各种各样的设计”。故填various。
59．答案 delighted
解析 考查形容词。句中为系表结构，were后可以跟形容词作表语，句子主语为women，指人，所以要用形容词delighted，句意为“那时的女士对于旗袍的出现感到尤其高兴”。故填delighted。
60．答案 strengthened/was strengthened
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为in 1928，表示过去的时间点，要用一般过去时。strengthen既可用作及物动词，为“加强，巩固”；又可用作不及物动词，为“变强”。故填strengthened 或was strengthened。
61．答案 than
解析 考查介词。所填词前有more likely，为形容词比较级，故此处是by a call girl 和by an activist二者之间的比较，要用介词than。故填than。
62．答案 commonly
解析 考查副词。句中谓语动词为is used，修饰动词要用副词，所以要用common的副词形式。故填commonly。
63．答案 necessity
解析 考查名词。句中定冠词the和介词短语of understanding its history，都要修饰名词，所填词应为名词，所以用necessary的名词形式necessity(必然性)。故填necessity。
64．答案 that
解析 考查同位语从句。doubt后为同位语从句，解释说明 doubt的具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分且意义完整，要用that引导。 There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。故填that。
65．答案 exploring
解析 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing意为“值得做……”，为固定用法。故填exploring。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友John非常关心你，来信询问你在这个“史上最长”的寒假中，除了学习之外，还做了什么有意义的事情或学会了什么新技能，希望你能分享一下。请你结合自己防疫期间的实际情况给他回信，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．简单介绍这件事情或技能及其意义。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear John，
I’m grateful for your concern.As for how to make the holiday meaningful，I’m writing to share my cooking story with you.
The deadly COVID-19 made me increasingly bored with the indoor life and stressful study.Fortunately，under the of videos，I managed to make Chinese burgers.Awkward as I was，my family were on top of the world when feasting on the delicious burgers.Now，I am cheerful every day，for cooking adds color to our family life.I do wish to treat you to my dishes in China.
Best regards!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Make-up Guy
Dave was a make-up(化妆) artist who regularly held make-up artistry classes at the local community college.He was well-known as an excellent trainer and enjoyed great popularity.
Usually，the majority of his students were middle-aged housewives，who wanted to fine-tune their make-up skills so as to make themselves more attractive.But this time，it was beyond him that his class was attended by a man as well.
The new student was a gentleman in his best years with a seemingly boundless interest in make-up artistry.He was keen to learn as much as he possibly could and asked questions whenever and wherever possible.He was so absorbed in learning that he wouldn’t stop until he was satisfied with the result of his work.
Understandably，the man was the number one subject of conversation when the other women were alone.
Speculations(猜测) quickly started to spread.Why did he learn make-up? Was he to seek for a woman to be his life partner? How about my neighbor’s youngest daughter? Why on earth would he attend such a woman class? Who could it be?
Doubts like this came crowding in.
The community college was placed in a remote rural area，which was why the other participants were quite doubtful of the man’s intentions.
Throughout the lessons，ignoring the curious women around him，the man carefully listened and wrote everything down he learned，leaving the women more and more curious and puzzled.
When the day and class were slowly coming to an end，the gossiping women simply could not hide their curiosity any longer，for they knew it was time to remove their doubts，otherwise...
Finally，one of them couldn’t resist her curiosity，so she picked up the courage and asked him why he was so interested in make-up artistry.
What followed was a dead silence.After what seemed a century，he slowly opened his mouth and here came the most inspiring beautiful reply.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
He said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes(糖尿病) and she was no longer able to apply her make-up.
So he decided to take the course to surprise his wife.
参考范文
He said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes and she was no longer able to apply her make-up.Fearing being laughed at，she locked herself in her room，abandoning herself to great grief.She was absolutely beautiful even without make-up.But what upset her was that she simply felt not comfortable leaving the home without make-up.Sensing her loneliness in a colorless-world，he was also at a loss as to what to do.Once informed of this class，he determined to learn make-up without hesitation，hoping to make a difference.
So he decided to take the course to surprise his wife.Without a pause，he shared his story.He mastered a wide range of practical skills，allowing him to help her take on a new look.Surely，being enveloped by an atmosphere of love，his beloved wife at present was deeply affected.“I not only want to learn how to apply her make-up，but also want her to wear the most beautiful make-up so her inner beauty also shines on the outside，” he announced.“It is her smile that touches most my heart，not the make-up.”
单元检测卷(四)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How does the woman want her coffee?
A．Without milk.
B．Without sugar.
C．With less sugar.
2．What will the man do next?
A．Walk his dog.
B．Work on his project.
C．See his friend Spark.
3．What time is it now?
A．5∶00. B．5∶10. C．5∶15.
4．What does the woman mean?
A．She is embarrassing the man.
B．She takes notes very carefully.
C．She can’t read her own writing.
5．Who are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．Their kids.
B．Their parents.
C．Their neighbors.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a café.
B．On a city street.
C．On a country road.
7．Why is the woman wearing sunglasses?
A．She feels tired.
B．She thinks it’s fashionable.
C．She wants protection from the sun.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the woman want to go?
A．To Parker Street.
B．To Bradley Drive.
C．To Ocean Avenue.
9．When does the woman need to arrive?
A．At 10∶30. B．At 10∶45. C．At 11∶00.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Who is the woman talking to?
A．Her boss. B．Her doctor. C．Her teacher.
11．What is going on with the woman’s mother?
A．She has to move away.
B．She just had an operation.
C．She has a serious disease.
12．What is the man’s attitude toward the situation?
A．Understanding.
B．Angry.
C．Confused.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What happened to the man?
A．He lost the receipt.
B．He forgot to pay for parking.
C．He was given a parking ticket.
14．How much is the man supposed to pay now?
A．$5. B．$30. C．$35.
15．When will the man hear back from the transportation office?
A．In a few days.
B．In a few weeks.
C．In a few months.
16．How will the man find out the final decision?
A．By mail. B．By phone. C．Online.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who might the man be?
A．A bus driver.
B．A ship captain.
C．An airplane pilot.
18．Where will the passengers go next?
A．To Miami.
B．To Mexico City.
C．To Havana City.
19．What is the weather probably like now?
A．Sunny and nice.
B．Windy and cold.
C．Rainy and wet.
20．What should people do if they need help?
A．Talk to the staff.
B．Find the speaker.
C．Call 911.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9．B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.A 17．B 18.C 19.A 20.A
听力材料
Text 1
M：How do you take your coffee? Do you want milk and sugar?
W：Just a little bit of milk，please.I’m trying to avoid sugar.
Text 2
W：Can you take Spark to the park for a walk，please?
M：Yeah，this work project is taking forever.I hate working on the weekends.Don’t worry.I’ll take him out right now.
Text 3
M：Do you know what time the bus is supposed to come，Mindy? I’ve already been waiting here for a quarter of an hour.
W：Well，it was supposed to come at five o’clock.But it’s already ten minutes late.
Text 4
M：Can you read this for me? I appreciate you lending me your notes，but your handwriting is really hard to make out.
W：Let’s see...um，this is embarrassing，but I’m actually not sure what that says!
Text 5
W：Is that the guy who moved in across the street? He looks pretty friendly.
M：Yeah，he just moved in here with his wife and two kids.I think they’re about the same age as us.
W：After dinner with mom and dad，let’s go over there and introduce ourselves.
Text 6
M：Watch out! You almost stepped in glass! Someone must have dropped a bottle on the ground or something.
W：Oh，that was close.I guess it can be dangerous to walk around the city streets wearing slippers.
M：Well，it’s also probably difficult for you to see with those sunglasses on.It isn’t even sunny outside，so why are you wearing them?
W：Oh，I was up late last night working on a presentation for work.I don’t really want the world to see how tired I am right now!
M：Come on.Let’s get you a coffee before you hurt yourself...
Text 7
W：I’m late for my dentist appointment.Do you think you can give me a ride to Ocean Avenue?
M：Actually，I’m headed in the other direction.I need to meet a friend on Parker Street.Why don’t you take a taxi there?
W：Oh，there is always a long time for taxis downstairs on Bradley Drive.
M：What time is your appointment?
W：11∶00，but I need to get there fifteen minutes early to fill out some paperwork.And it’s 10∶30 right now.
M：Hey，I just remembered that the express bus goes past Ocean.It should only take you ten minutes to get there.
W：That’s right! Thanks for reminding me.See you later!
Text 8
W：Mr Gables，can I talk to you for a minute?
M：Sure，Betsy.What’s up?
W：It’s my mother.She’s really sick.The doctors don’t know what’s going on with her，but she needs an operation next week.
M：Oh，Betsy，I’m so sorry to hear that.But I’m glad that she is getting the attention that she needs.And it’s great that you can be there for her.I know she appreciates it.
W：I hope so.Anyway，I may need to drop your class.I know we’re almost at the first midterm，but I’m not sure how much time my mom will need to get better.My dad has to go to work，and someone needs to take care of my mom.
M：I completely understand.I’ll make sure that you don’t get a grade for this class.Your final grade won’t be affected at all.
Text 9
M：I can’t believe I just got a parking ticket! I just parked in the regular parking lot next to the subway station.
W：Don’t you have to pay to park there?
M：Yeah，and I did.I paid $5.The guy there said to pay cash and put it in the machine.I got my receipt and put it inside my car.But when I came back，I had a ticket for $30 waiting for me!
W：Oh，that’s too bad.Are you going to pay it?
M：No way! Why should I? I paid for my parking.I shouldn’t have to pay anything else.
W：Well，what are you going to do?
M：I called the city’s transportation office，and they said that I had to fill something out on their website.They’ll send me a letter in the mail to let me know about their decision.
W：How long will that take?
M：Oh，they said between a week and a month.But at least I don’t have to pay anything until I find out.
Text 10
M：This is your captain speaking.We have to change our direction due to a storm up ahead about fifty miles away.We were hoping to get to Miami by 7∶00 p．m.，but the storm started moving faster than we had thought.We just can’t take any chances，so we’ll have to stop in Havana City and continue on tomorrow morning.There is also a chance that the storm will move closer to us，and we might experience some strong wind，rain，and even ice.We know it seems nice and calm now，but that could change at any minute.For this reason，we need everyone to come inside and walk to your rooms at once.This is for your own safety.Do not run; we don’t want anyone getting hurt.Please don’t worry.We’ve done this trip from Mexico City six times this year and every year before that since 1999，so you’re in good hands.If you need help，please look for our staff or dial 811 on the phone in your room.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever experienced any inconvenience caused by language barriers while travelling? Have you ever thought how awesome those language courses would be if they didn’t cost so much money and require so much time?
Translaty is created to serve this purpose—without wasting your money and time on language courses，you can instantly become “fluent” in more than 40 languages with this genius device!
What is Translaty?
Translaty is a simple yet life-changing invention that helps you to overcome any caused by foreign languages，whether you’re in a business meeting with an international client or sunbathing somewhere on a Spanish beach.This small but ingenious device is able to instantly recognize and translate over 40 different languages，making intercultural communication completely effortless!
What languages can I actually communicate in?
Translaty has more than 40 languages pre-installed，so you’re able to use it the minute you get it! It provides fast and accurate two-way communication and allows you to install some other languages that you might be missing.
What makes Translaty so special?
*Makes travelling easier—forget language barriers and become “fluent” in 40＋languages.
*Helps in business—strengthening your international business relationships.It’s easy when you speak the same language.
*Assists in daily life—allowing you to overcome language differences with your foreign friends.
*Convenient and easy to use—lightweight and simple design ensures it’s there when you need it the most.
*Offers 100% accurate，two-way translations.
*High sound recording quality ensures there are no misunderstandings.
To sum up—get it while you can!
21．Translaty can help users .
A．better understand foreigners
B．learn foreign languages well
C．spend less in learning a language
D．build relationships with colleagues
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据What is Translaty？部分下的“Translaty is a simple yet life-changing invention that helps you to overcome any obstacles caused by foreign languages”可知，Translaty可以帮助你更好地理解外语。故选A项。
22．What is special about Translaty?
A．It’s secure. B．It’s strong.
C．It’s reliable. D．It’s affordable.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据What makes Translaty so special？部分下的“Offers 100% accurate，two-way translations.”可知，Translaty的特别之处在于准确可靠。故选C项。
23．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To report. B．To advertise.
C．To appeal. D．To reply.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段可推测，本文是给一个名叫Translaty的产品打广告。故选B项。
B
I’ve enjoyed countless gatherings of Thanksgiving，from traditional family gatherings to feasts with many new faces.Yet at age 65，I have never spent the holiday with a husband or children of my own.
If you feel pity for me，please don’t—I am proud of the decision I made decades ago to change from life’s road map，and I have no regrets about it.I enjoy being alone.
I found my life deeply rewarding.At the same time，I was fascinated with the question of why my adult life as a single person was not as valued by the people around me or by society.When people learned I was single with no children，they assumed my life had a hole that needed filling.
I wondered：Was it just me，or were other single people viewed the same way? I teamed up with my colleague，Wendy Morris，and she and I began a series of studies investigating how people characterize single and married people.The research shows that single people typically have more friends than married people do.They also do more to help，support，and stay in touch with their parents，friends，and neighbors.
I’ve lived my life in cheerful，unapologetic refusal of the “get married，have kids” road map.But getting married is deeply ingrained in our society，and it can be difficult to break completely free of the marriage-plus-children ideal.
The research and the books，though，are not enough.We all need to think about life more open-mindedly.Instead of asking whether you do or don’t want to marry or have kids，ask：What will make your life meaningful and fulfilling? When you think about it that way，the possibilities are limitless.
语篇解读 作者是一个喜欢独居的人，而周围的人却觉得作者的单身生活非常空虚。作者做了一项研究，研究发现单身的人更乐于助人。人们很难完全摆脱“结婚＋生孩子”的观念，所以我们需要更开放地思考生活。
24．What do we know about the author?
A．She enjoys living in a lonely house.
B．She seldom stays with her husband.
C．She feels regretful about her life.
D．She prefers to live her life alone.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I enjoy being alone.”可知，作者更喜欢独自生活。故选D。
25．How do the people think about the author’s single life?
A．Rewarding. B．Empty.
C．Valuable. D．Fascinating.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When people learned I was single with no children，they assumed my life had a hole that needed filling.”可知，人们认为作者的单身生活非常空虚，有一个需要填补的漏洞。故选B。
26．What did the author find in her research?
A．Single people are more helpful.
B．Single people are not respected.
C．Married people have few friends.
D．Married people are careless in life.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“They also do more to help，support，and stay in touch with their parents，friends，and neighbors.”可知，作者在她的研究中发现单身的人更乐于助人。故选A。
27．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ingrained” in the fifth paragraph?
A．Influenced. B．Disturbed.
C．Rooted. D．Hurt.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“it can be difficult to break completely free of the marriage-plus-children ideal”可知，结婚在我们的社会中是根深蒂固的，人们很难完全摆脱“结婚＋生孩子”的观念。由此可知，画线单词意为“根深蒂固的”。故选C。
C
Yellow is usually the color of happy，joyful emotions.But according to a new study，not all people associate the sunshine with good feelings.
To find out what factors might play a role，researchers tested a new hypothesis(假设)：What if people’s physical surroundings affect their feelings about certain colors? For example，if someone lived in cold and rainy Finland，would they feel differently about the color yellow from someone who lived near the Sahara Desert?
The researchers looked at color-emotion data from an ongoing international survey of 6,625 people in 55 countries.The survey asked participants to rate 12 colors on how closely they were associated with feelings including joy，pride，fear，and shame.
The researchers paid particular attention to the data for yellow，and analyzed how different factors—including hours of sunshine，hours of daylight，and the amount of rainfall—lined up with the emotions people reported for the color.The two best predictors of how people felt about yellow were the annual amount of rainfall，and how far they lived from the .
Overall，people were more likely to associate yellow with joy when they lived in rainier countries that lay farther from the equator，researchers reported in the Journal of Environmental Psychology.In Egypt，the likelihood of yellow being associated with joy was just 5.7% ，whereas in chilly Finland it was 87.7%.In the United States，with its climate and amber waves of grain，people’s yellow-joy association levels were between 60% and 70%.
The researchers also checked whether associations changed with the season—whether，for example，people in a certain country liked yellow more in the winter than they did in the summer.They found that opinions about color remained fairly constant year-round—even when the weather changed，the data on yellow-joy associations were as good as gold.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。黄色通常代表快乐，但并不是所有人看到黄色都会有好感，本文阐述了其中的影响因素。
28．What did the researchers do before the survey?
A．They went to Finland.
B．They made an assumption.
C．They studied certain colors.
D．They analyzed some data.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段开头“To find out what factors might play a role，researchers tested a new hypothesis”可知，在进行调查之前研究者先做了一个假设。故选B项。
29．Which of the following affects people’s feelings about yellow?
A．The changeable seasons.
B．The length of daytime.
C．The geographic position.
D．The amount of snowfall.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段末句可知，影响人们对黄色感觉的是年降雨量和地理位置。故选C项。
30．How did the researchers carry out the survey?
A．By interviewing participants.
B．By studying the data collected.
C．By travelling around the world.
D．By looking at color combinations.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，研究者通过研究所收集的数据来进行调查。故选B项。
31．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Finland：A Country Admiring Yellow
B．Yellow：Associated with Joy Conditionally
C．Color：An Important Role in Good Feelings
D．Color-emotion Data：Collected Internationally
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲述了把黄色和幸福、快乐联系在一起是有特定条件的，并非所有人都是这样。故选B项。
D
Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 million and forestry program，at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset(碳补偿) plans to meet climate goals.The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon，including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.
The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell，as well as a way to meet its climate targets.“We believe that over time we will be building a business，because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited，” they said.Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint(碳排放) by 2-3 percent in five years，which includes emissions(排放) from the products it sells.The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products，or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon.However，the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics，as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor.Shell’s move has also been criticized by some environmentalists.They worried that there was a risk of “greenwash” when companies invested in forestry projects.“There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，” they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林) to another.
Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements.Mark Lewis，head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas，said，“Planting trees to offset emissions，as far as it goes，is a step in the right direction.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今越来越多的石油公司正将资金投入碳补偿项目，以实现气候目标，其中包括荷兰皇家壳牌公司通过将其生产的碳信用额投放市场，从碳补偿项目中获利。但同时它也受到了一些环保人士的批评。
32．What is popular among oil companies these days?
A．Studying climate changes.
B．Launching forestry programs.
C．Working out carbon offset plans.
D．Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，目前很多石油公司都在制订碳补偿计划。故选C项。
33．How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects?
A．By quitting the emissions of its products.
B．By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.
C．By limiting the oil used by its own operations.
D．By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，该公司通过把碳信用额投放到市场上来降低碳足迹。故选D项。
34．What concerns some environmentalists about forestry project?
A．The projects can’t really stop carbon emissions.
B．The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.
C．The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.
D．The projects haven’t met strict biodiversity requirements.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“‘There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，’they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林) to another.”可知，环保主义者担心森林项目会导致其他地区的森林滥伐。故选C项。
35．What does the underlined word “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Discount. B．Cheat.
C．Decline. D．Change.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，壳牌公司的举动受到了一些环保人士的批评，他们担心该公司投资林业项目会出现greenwash的风险。结合句意，尤其是criticized和risk判断画线词是一个负面感情色彩的词，故推测它的意思是“虚假行为”。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Public Speaking
Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.
The types of public speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes：to inform，to persuade and to entertain.An informative speech has a purpose to inform，or give knowledge to its audience. 36 For persuasive speech，the speaker would try to change the mindset，perception，or behavior of the audience for their own good.Thus，the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on.The last type is a ceremonial speech.It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches.No matter how well you know the person you are giving a speech about，try not to say bad things about them，even if it is meant to be a joke.
37 Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last.Aside from it，knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary.Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience.Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.
Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. 38 A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean.Often，when given a speech，the audience look up to the speaker to give them something new and useful. 39 Language and delivery alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language.The movements and gestures of a speaker also affect the audience.While closing the speech or presentation，speakers can restate their main points，just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. 40
A．It needs to be used clearly.
B．These speeches mark special occasions.
C．The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.
D．The key of perfecting anything is through practice，including public speaking.
E．They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
F．Knowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.
G．Thus，the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audience’s expectation.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了三种公共演讲类型的目的以及成就完美演讲所注意的几点技巧。
36．答案 C
解析 由空前“An informative speech has a purpose to inform，or give knowledge to its audience.”可知，一篇内容丰富的演讲有一个目的，就是向听众提供信息或传授知识。所以此处要告诉读者要注意什么。故C选项“重要的是要注意不要输入太多的信息”符合句意。
37．答案 D
解析 由后文可知，本段主要告诉读者“完善一切的关键在于实践，包括公开演讲”。故D选项符合句意。
38．答案 A
解析 由空后一句可知，一个演讲者需要仔细选择他们讲的话，让观众明白他们的意思。A选项“它需要被清楚地使用”引出下文，符合句意。
39．答案 G
解析 由空前一句可知，听众会抬头仰望演讲者，希望他能给他们一些新的有用的东西。这时演讲者应该知道怎么去做。故G选项“因此，演讲者需要知道如何发表他们的演讲来满足听众的期望”符合句意。
40．答案 E
解析 由空前一句可知，在结束演讲或陈述时，演讲者可以重述他们的要点，只是为了提醒听众已经说过的重要事情。所以此处要与前一句一同说明，在结束演讲时可以以什么样的形式结束。故E选项“他们也可以用特别的信息来结束演讲，并鼓励听众提问”符合句意。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A scientist 41 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology.He took a glass bottle， 42 its cork(瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it.The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside.He then passed the bottle to a monkey，who shook it 43 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 44 fell out.The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 45 he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 46 the monkey always ignored his 47 .Each time it just shook the bottle frantically，with great 48 but without necessarily achieving 49 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 50 the scientist instructs. 51 because all its attention was focused on the peanuts.Instead，it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 52 its attention to the 53 movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down.To achieve this，it had to calm down and not be 54 by the impulse(诱惑) of its appetite.Yet the monkey was not able to understand this.It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey’s some psychology is just like 55 of human beings.
语篇解读 本文属于说明文，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发现猴子与人类的一些心理有相似之处。
41．A.kept B．rose
C．visited D．caught
答案 A
解析 为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家饲养了(keep)几只猴子。故选A。
42．A.moved B．removed
C．discovered D．covered
答案 B
解析 他拿了一个玻璃瓶，取出(remove)瓶塞，放了两颗花生进去。故选B。
43．A.happily B．anxiously
C．hurriedly D．instantly
答案 B
解析 然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地(anxiously)摇晃了很久，当花生偶然(accidentally)掉下来的时候，它能得到花生。故选B。
44．A.suddenly B．accidentally
C．occasionally D．quickly
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。故选B。
45．A.as B．that
C．what D．until
答案 A
解析 科学家又像以前一样把一些花生放进瓶子里，向猴子展示只需要把瓶子翻过来花生就可以掉出来。as正如。故选A。
46．A.But B．When
C．Therefore D．Thus
答案 A
解析 但是(but)猴子总是无视他的指示(instruction)。上下文为转折关系，故选A。
47．A.directions B．explanations
C．performances D．instructions
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。故选D。
48．A.effort B．strength
C．power D．force
答案 A
解析 每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，非常努力地(with great effort)摇，但不一定能达到预期的(desired)效果。故选A。
49．A.happy B．interesting
C．satisfying D．desired
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。故选D。
50．A.what B．how
C．why D．which
答案 A
解析 现在的问题是为什么猴子不能理解科学家的指示。what在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故选A。
51．A.Probably B．Likely
C．Simply D．Nearly
答案 C
解析 只是(simply)因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上。故选C。
52．A.put B．send
C．spend D．shift
答案 D
解析 相反，它必须把眼睛从花生上移开，并迅速将注意力转移(shift)到科学家的手(hand)的动作和瓶子倒转的方式上。故选D。
53．A.gesture B．mouth
C．hand D．eye
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。故选C。
54．A.taken away B．taken off
C．taken over D．taken on
答案 C
解析 要做到这一点，它必须冷静下来，而不是被它食欲的冲动所取代(take over)。故选C。
55．A.that B．the
C．those D．this
答案 A
解析 正是这样的例子，揭示了猴子的某些心理与人类的相似之处。that指代前面提到的psychology。故选A。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The word “qípáo” did not appear until the 20th century and is one of a number of 56.
(word) used to refer to clothing.
It was in Shanghai 57. it is still well-known that it took shape.Fashion features(时尚的特征) in the Chinese press in the 1920s showed a mix of elements(元素) in 58. (variety) designs before the familiar dress appeared.The familiar，figure-hugging dress with its mandarin collar and long splits finally appeared in the late 1920s and women at that time were especially 59. (delight) at its appearance.Its status 60. (strengthen) when the new government recognized it as formal dress in 1928.
Over time，the dress has proved to have controversial position in the Chinese culture.Historically，it was more likely to be worn by a call girl 61. by an activist.In China，today it is often worn by the bride，but it is perhaps most 62. (common) used as a uniform for female staff in stores and big hotels.
Supporters of it are calling for the 63. (necessary) of understanding its history before putting it on.And there is no doubt 64. its complex design origins and historical social status are worth 65. (explore)．
56．答案 words
解析 考查名词复数。word为可数名词，由空前的修饰词 one of a number of可知，此处要用word的复数形式。故填words。
57．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。句中It was...that为强调句，在强调句中Shanghai后为限制性定语从句，先行词为Shanghai，关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，应该用 where。故填where。
58．答案 various
解析 考查形容词。所填词修饰名词 designs，所以要用variety的形容词形式various，various designs意为“各种各样的设计”。故填various。
59．答案 delighted
解析 考查形容词。句中为系表结构，were后可以跟形容词作表语，句子主语为women，指人，所以要用形容词delighted，句意为“那时的女士对于旗袍的出现感到尤其高兴”。故填delighted。
60．答案 strengthened/was strengthened
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为in 1928，表示过去的时间点，要用一般过去时。strengthen既可用作及物动词，为“加强，巩固”；又可用作不及物动词，为“变强”。故填strengthened 或was strengthened。
61．答案 than
解析 考查介词。所填词前有more likely，为形容词比较级，故此处是by a call girl 和by an activist二者之间的比较，要用介词than。故填than。
62．答案 commonly
解析 考查副词。句中谓语动词为is used，修饰动词要用副词，所以要用common的副词形式。故填commonly。
63．答案 necessity
解析 考查名词。句中定冠词the和介词短语of understanding its history，都要修饰名词，所填词应为名词，所以用necessary的名词形式necessity(必然性)。故填necessity。
64．答案 that
解析 考查同位语从句。doubt后为同位语从句，解释说明 doubt的具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分且意义完整，要用that引导。 There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。故填that。
65．答案 exploring
解析 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing意为“值得做……”，为固定用法。故填exploring。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友John非常关心你，来信询问你在这个“史上最长”的寒假中，除了学习之外，还做了什么有意义的事情或学会了什么新技能，希望你能分享一下。请你结合自己防疫期间的实际情况给他回信，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．简单介绍这件事情或技能及其意义。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear John，
I’m grateful for your concern.As for how to make the holiday meaningful，I’m writing to share my cooking story with you.
The deadly COVID-19 made me increasingly bored with the indoor life and stressful study.Fortunately，under the of videos，I managed to make Chinese burgers.Awkward as I was，my family were on top of the world when feasting on the delicious burgers.Now，I am cheerful every day，for cooking adds color to our family life.I do wish to treat you to my dishes in China.
Best regards!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Make-up Guy
Dave was a make-up(化妆) artist who regularly held make-up artistry classes at the local community college.He was well-known as an excellent trainer and enjoyed great popularity.
Usually，the majority of his students were middle-aged housewives，who wanted to fine-tune their make-up skills so as to make themselves more attractive.But this time，it was beyond him that his class was attended by a man as well.
The new student was a gentleman in his best years with a seemingly boundless interest in make-up artistry.He was keen to learn as much as he possibly could and asked questions whenever and wherever possible.He was so absorbed in learning that he wouldn’t stop until he was satisfied with the result of his work.
Understandably，the man was the number one subject of conversation when the other women were alone.
Speculations(猜测) quickly started to spread.Why did he learn make-up? Was he to seek for a woman to be his life partner? How about my neighbor’s youngest daughter? Why on earth would he attend such a woman class? Who could it be?
Doubts like this came crowding in.
The community college was placed in a remote rural area，which was why the other participants were quite doubtful of the man’s intentions.
Throughout the lessons，ignoring the curious women around him，the man carefully listened and wrote everything down he learned，leaving the women more and more curious and puzzled.
When the day and class were slowly coming to an end，the gossiping women simply could not hide their curiosity any longer，for they knew it was time to remove their doubts，otherwise...
Finally，one of them couldn’t resist her curiosity，so she picked up the courage and asked him why he was so interested in make-up artistry.
What followed was a dead silence.After what seemed a century，he slowly opened his mouth and here came the most inspiring beautiful reply.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
He said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes(糖尿病) and she was no longer able to apply her make-up.
So he decided to take the course to surprise his wife.
参考范文
He said his beloved wife partially lost her eyesight because of diabetes and she was no longer able to apply her make-up.Fearing being laughed at，she locked herself in her room，abandoning herself to great grief.She was absolutely beautiful even without make-up.But what upset her was that she simply felt not comfortable leaving the home without make-up.Sensing her loneliness in a colorless-world，he was also at a loss as to what to do.Once informed of this class，he determined to learn make-up without hesitation，hoping to make a difference.
So he decided to take the course to surprise his wife.Without a pause，he shared his story.He mastered a wide range of practical skills，allowing him to help her take on a new look.Surely，being enveloped by an atmosphere of love，his beloved wife at present was deeply affected.“I not only want to learn how to apply her make-up，but also want her to wear the most beautiful make-up so her inner beauty also shines on the outside，” he announced.“It is her smile that touches most my heart，not the make-up.”
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