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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book4Module1
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基础知识默写
1.alternative adj.替换的；供选择的 n.可供选择的事物
2.crime n.罪；罪行→criminal n.罪犯；犯人
3.prediction n.预测→predict vt.预测；预料→predictable adj.可预料的→unpredictable(反)adj.无法预料的
4.risky adj.危险的；冒险的→risk n.风险；冒险 vt.冒……的风险
5.resource n.(常作复数)资源→source n.来源；出处
6.material n.材料
7.rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可依赖的
8.load vt.装；装载→unload(反)vt.卸载；卸下→download v.下载→upload v.上传
9.arrest vt.逮捕；拘留；吸引(注意) n.拘留
10.fire vt.开火；启动
11.limit n.(常作复数)范围→limited adj.有限的→limitless(反) adj.无限的
12.outdoors adv.在户外→indoors(反)adv.室内→outdoor adj.户外的，露天的
13.command n.命令；指令 v.命令；指挥→commander n.指挥官
14.charge n.费用；价钱 vt.收费；指控；掌管；充电
15.switch n.开关 vi.交换；调换
16.power vt.供给动力 n.权力；力量→powerful adj.强有力的；强大的→powerless adj.无力的；无权的
17.disability n.失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的；无能力的
18.attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n.附件，附属物；爱慕→attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
19.optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
20.urban adj.都市的；城市的
21.shape vt.造成……形状；塑造 n.形状
22.eventually adv.最后；终于→eventual adj.最后的
23.definitely adv.无疑地；确定地→definite adj.无疑的；确定的
24.recreation n.娱乐；消遣
25.clinic n.诊所
26.colony n.殖民地
27.for sure肯定地
28.run out (某物)用完
29.rely on依赖；依靠
30.get rid of除掉；处理掉
31.place an order/orders订购
32.free of charge免费
33.use up用完(某物)
34.look out小心；当心
35.for a start首先
36.on the way out即将被淘汰；即将过时
37.Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
38.Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away，with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
医生在几千英里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗将成为常事，因为每个城市都有自己的远程诊所。
39.I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
40.Not all predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑).(2018·北京)
2.3Dprinted food can keep all the nutrition in raw materials(材料).(2018·天津)
3.With these statistics in mind，art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative(可供选择的) plan.(2018·江苏)
4.Artificial intelligence may command(指挥) armies of killer robots.(2017·北京)
5.The nursery team switches(交换) him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
6.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he’s reliable(rely).(2016·浙江)
7.Parents ought to be able to opt out(决定不参加) only for limited(limit) medical or religious reasons.(2017·北京)
8.Medium color choices require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful(power) effect on the feeling of a space.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
9.Please refer to the attachments(attach) which include the application form and resume.
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
10.Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky(risk)choice.
11.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism(optimistic) about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.(2016·四川)
12.Here I learned my first important lesson：disabled(disability) as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay(黏土).(2016·天津)
13.We plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and，eventually(eventual)，to our lives.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
14.Work as a team，and enjoy the great outdoor(outdoors) environment.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
15.Reporters have begun making predictions(predict) about the winner of the coming election.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
WHAT will the future be like 1.for sure? Answers can be very varied.2.For a start，according to popular science fiction，though，the future is not rosy.From The Hunger Games to Dawn of the Planet of the Apes，Hollywood has presented us a rather discouraging picture of the future，where human beings have to either fight to 3.get rid of oppression(压迫) and poverty，or 4.look out for super apes.Hero stories 5.rely on the dark settings of the science fiction.
A growing number of people would like to 6.place orders the science fiction products.Ed Finn，from Arizona State University(ASU) is worried that their negative visions of the future are limiting people’s abilities to dream big or think outside the box.Of course，we may face the problem that the earth’s natural resources may 7.run out，but we may enjoy more public recreation 8.free of charge，which can be regarded as an advantage.The traditional energy is 9.on the way out.And in the future，with all the fossil fuel 10.used up，we have to rely on alternative energy，such as solar or wind power.Chances are that human being can develop even better substitutes.
So it’s better if science fiction is creating more interesting ideas and innovations(革新) for our future life.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.No matter how ambitious your final goal is，you’re more likely to accomplish it if you’re willing to start small and keep working on it.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句)
无论你的终极目标有多么的远大，如果你愿意从小事做起并坚持不懈，你就更有可能达到目标。
2.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6800种语言中已经有400多种濒临灭绝，只剩下几个年长的会说这些语言。
3.He is too experienced an artist to mind what the critics says.(too...to...)
他是一个如此有经验的艺术家以至于不会在意批评家说什么。
4.While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.(部分否定)(2016·浙江)
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并非它的所有影响都是积极的。
1.“前缀pre”高频词一览
(1)predict v.预料；预测
(2)preview v.预习
(3)prewar adj.战前的
(4)prehistory n.史前时代
(5)preschool adj.学龄前的
2.各种 “费用”
(1)charge n.费用；价钱
(2)cost n.价钱；成本；费用
(3)expense n.花费；费用
(4)fee n.费用；服务费；酬金；会费
(5)fare n.车费；船费；飞机票价
3.“小心”大集合
(1)look out
(2)be careful
(3)watch out
(4)take care
(5)be cautious
4. “用完”短语相关词汇荟萃
(1)run out (某物)用完
(2)run out of用完(某物)
(3)use up 用完(某物)
(4)give out 用完，耗尽
(5)wear out 耗尽
alternative n.可供选择的事物；可能的选择
adj.可供选择的；其他的；非传统的，另类的
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择
There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事。
(1)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.
恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到其他的解释。
(2)You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.
你可以选择结婚也可以选择做单身汉。
(3)[同义句改写] We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.(用alternative改写)
→For us，there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution.
易错点拨
(1)alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表同位关系。
(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：can do nothing but do sth.，have nothing to do but do sth.，have no choice but to do sth.，can not choose but do sth.。
load n.负担；负荷物
vt.装载
(1)take a load off one’s mind卸下心头重担；如释重负
loads of＝a load of许多……
(2)load...with...用……装载……
load...into/onto...把……装入(到)……
load up装载
be loaded with负载……
(1)He had heard from some old men before that several ships loaded(load) with diamonds and gold had sunk in the nearby seashore.(2018·河南南阳一中模拟)
他以前从一些老人那里听说过几艘装着钻石和金子的船沉没在附近的海滨。
(2)Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.
得知他们已安全到达，我如释重负。
(3)There are loads of/a load of great places to see in Australia.
在澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。
易错点拨 a load of/loads of后可跟可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词一致。
limit n.界限；限度
vt.限制；限定
(1)set a limit to/on限制……
beyond the limit超过限度
within the limits of限定在……范围内
There is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的。
(2)limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
(3)limited adj.有限的
be limited to受限于……
(1)We must set a limit to/on the expense of the trip.
我们必须对旅游费用定一个限额。
(2)Our funds were limited(limit)，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
我们的资金有限，在我们的价格范围内没有一幢房子看起来令人满意。
(3)Is there any limit to the amount of time we have?
我们的时间有限制吗？
(4)What would you do if you had $5，but were limited to two hours to make as much money as possible?
如果你有5美元，要想在2小时内赚最多的钱，你会怎么做呢？
易错点拨 当谈论某公司为有限公司时，limited像一般形容词一样，用作前置定语(不缩略为Ltd)：This is a limited company.这是一个股份有限公司。但若用于公司名称中，则总是后置(可缩略为Ltd)：We’ve just signed an agreement with Carsons Ltd.我们刚刚与卡森斯有限公司签订了协议。
command v.命令；博得；拥有；指挥
n.命令；掌握；运用能力
(1)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……
(2)at one’s command听某人支配
take command of指挥；控制
have a good command of掌握……；精通……
in command of掌管；掌握
(3)commanding adj.指挥的；威严的
(1)I am here at the president’s command.
(2)The voice at the other end of the line was serious and commanding(command).
(3)Although he has a good command of English(精通英语)，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.
[同义句改写]
(4)He commanded that we (should) set(set) off at once.
→He commanded us to set off at once.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中command的汉语意思
A.俯瞰 B.博得；得到 C.命令
(5)He commands the respect of everyone who works for him. B
(6)The hotel commands a fine view of the valley. A
charge v.收费；控告；充电
n.费用；控告；主管；充电
(1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.some money for sth.因某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge(＝for free)免费
(3)in charge of掌管(表状态)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
take charge of掌管(表动作)
(1)She is charged with murdering her husband./She is accused of murdering her husband.
(2)He charged me 20 yuan for the postcard.
(3)[同义句改写] Mr Bell is in charge of the class.
①The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class作主语改写)
②Mr Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)
易错点拨 类似in charge of，in the charge of的短语：
attach vt.附上；系上；重视
vi.与……有联系
(1)attach sth.to...把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
(3)attachment n.附件，附属物
(1)Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand.
(2)You attached great importance to(重视) what that man said.
[句式升级]
(3)He is attached to the network games so that he often plays truant(逃课).
①Attached to the network games，he often plays truant.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Attaching himself to the network games，he often plays truant.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
shape n.形状；外形；状况；性质
v.塑造；造成……形状
in good/bad shape状况好/不好
out of shape不健康；变形
in the shape of以……的形式；呈……的形状
take shape成形；形成
get into shape强身健体
(1)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
尽管Tim没有得到多少锻炼，但他身体状况良好。
(2)We went into a room in the shape of a star.
我们走进一个星星形状的房间。
(3)I’ve been jogging a lot to get myself into shape.
我长期慢跑锻炼身体。
(4)I have been out of shape ever since I left the army.
自从我离开军队后，我的身体一直很差。
run out of (人)用完；从……流出/跑出
run across偶然碰见
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run away跑开；逃走
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
run through浏览；快速穿越
[根据语境用run短语的正确形式填空]
(1)However，that rapid growth is likely to slow down as people run out of time that’s available for them to use their devices.(2018·湖南永州三模)
(2)I’ve got money you can borrow if you run out.
(3)One day she happened to run across/into Xiao Liu.
(4)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither.
(5)She ran for class president and won the majority.
(1)rely on/upon...to do/doing...依赖……做……
rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth.在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信……
(2)reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的
(1)Tom is an honest and reliable(rely) student.
(2)I rely on/upon him for everything；he’s my right arm.
我在任何事上都依赖他；他是我的得力助手。
(3)[一句多译] 你可以相信他会准时来的。
①You can rely on/upon his coming on time.(doing)
②You can rely on/upon him to come on time.(to do)
③You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.(用it作形式宾语)
易错点拨 介词后边不能直接跟that宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。
rid...of...使……摆脱/除去……
be rid of摆脱
(1)She started the Ladybug Foundation，an organization aiming at getting rid of(消除)
homelessness.(2017·北京)
(2)[一句多译] 作为一名学生，你应该改掉你的坏习惯。
①As a student，you should rid yourself of the bad habits.(rid v.)
②As a student，you should get rid of the bad habits.(get rid of)
易错点拨 rid...of...中，rid后的宾语是sb.或somewhere，摆脱或除掉的东西放在of后面，类似的短语rob...of...。
look ahead向前看；考虑未来
look down on/upon看不起
look up to尊敬
look into向……里面看；调查
look on...as把……看成
look through浏览；翻阅
[根据语境用look短语的正确形式填空]
(1)The children all look up to the great baseball player.
(2)He used to look down on/upon his poor cousins.
(3)Look out！There’s a car coming.
(4)We must learn the lessons and look ahead，not backwards.
(5)You have to look through those reports before you attend the meeting.
I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
(1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too(＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，anxious等。
(2)当在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，“too...to...”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有“赞赏”的感情色彩。
(3)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
(1)As far as I know，they are too anxious to leave(leave).
据我所知，他们急于离开。
(2)They are all too willing to do this work.
他们都乐意去做这项工作。
(3)As the saying goes，“It’s never too old to learn.”
正如谚语所说，“活到老学到老。”
(4)[写作提升] 我急于告诉你有关课程安排的事情。
I am too anxious/eager to inform you something about the class schedule.
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(3)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
锻炼使你更清醒，无论这一天发生什么，都能够让你做好准备去应对。
(2)[一句多译] 无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。
①However far away we are，we feel close to each other.(however)
②No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(no matter how)
(3)这个故事的寓意是：无论处境可能有多困难，我们都应该不遗余力地获取知识，并且永远不要轻易气馁。(2015·福建)
The moral of the story is：we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It’s hard to predict(predict) when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.(2018·北京)
2．The processes take place to stop our brains being loaded(load) with memories.(2017·北京)
3．In a year he collected reliable(rely) information on 1,600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program.
4．No matter how much you wear these clothes from day to day，they will keep dirt away and never smell bad.
5．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
6．I have attached my application and resume to the letter.
7．A ship loaded(load) with rescue goods will arrive at the port soon.
8．Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
9．It is still impossible for him to get rid of the strange smell on such a foggy morning.
10．Attaching(attach) great importance to reading，parents serves as examples and important guides for their kids，especially during the holidays.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于能源)
1．尽管很难确切地预测未来的生活，但是我对未来的生活持乐观的态度。我的观点如下。(though引导的让步状语从句)
2．我们可以依靠科学技术改变我们的生活。
3．例如，轻轻一按开关，我就能命令家用机器人做大部分家务。
4．另外，因为我非常重视健康，我会摆脱所有不健康的生活方式。(v.ing作状语)
5．不管我参与什么形式的娱乐活动，都将由城市免费提供。(no matter引导的让步状语从句)
6．因为自然资源的耗尽，我将驾驶由太阳能驱动的飞行器。(with的复合结构)
7．总之，我坚信我们的未来的生活会更加方便快捷。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Though it is hard to predict the future life for sure，I have 12.an optimistic attitude to it.My ideas are as follows.13.We can rely on science and technology to change our life.For a start,14.for example，at the flick of a switch，I can command the household robot to do most of the housework.In addition,15.attaching great importance to health,16.I will get rid of all the unhealthy lifestyles.Besides,17.no matter what kind of recreation I participate in，all of them 18.will be provided for free by the city.Eventually,19.with the natural resources running out，I will drive my flying machine 20.powered by solar energy.In conclusion,21.I am fully convinced that our future life will be more convenient and quicker.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：人际关系 难度星级：☆☆
To personal trainer Sammy Callari,13yearold Parker Seward is more than a client(客户)．He’s his “little brother”．Over the past year，the pair have bonded.They play basketball together，share meals and dance to hiphop like no one’s watching.
The trainer was asked to work with the 13yearold boy，who has Down syndrome(唐氏综合征)，because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring.Callari had never worked with someone with a disability before.He was anxious the first day he met Parker.But Parker’s big smile and cheery introduction immediately put him at ease.He reminded Callari of himself when he was a teenager.Like Parker，Callari has also faced his fair share of challenges over the years.
As a high schooler，Callari described himself as being the weak kid.When it came to sports，he was always overlooked.His dream of playing baseball in college quickly faded away.When he went to college，Callari turned to a new sport.His younger brother trained him to become a boxer.Callari participated in five matches.Out of four of those fights he was the underdog，and he won three times.“I know how it feels，” Callari said.“Society tells you that you can’t do this，or you can’t do that.”When it comes to Parker，Callari refused to accept the word “can’t”．
The friends meet twice a week to train.They bike，box，run and work on their core with pushups.Parker has a short attention span，so it’s Callari’s job to keep him focused.“If Parker can do it，if he’s having fun，even with his frustration，then people will ask，‘Why can’t I do that？’”Callari said.“That’s the whole task right now.”
Callari recalls Parker’s mom once thanking him for taking a “chance” on her son.Callari told her he never viewed it that way.Parker may be the student，but Callari says he’s also the one who’s learning.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了私人教练卡拉里结合自己的经历，帮助唐氏综合征患者帕克面对挑战，并在训练过程中与帕克成为朋友的故事。
22．Why was Callari asked to train Parker?
A．They shared the same interests.
B．Parker’s parents had faith in Callari.
C．Callari was an expert in Down syndrome.
D．Callari took the place of his absent colleague.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring”可知，因为卡拉里的同事外出了，所以他代替同事来培训帕克。故选D。
23．What can we learn about Callari when he was in high school?
A．He was good at sports.
B．He was out of condition.
C．He was looked down upon by everyone.
D．He was influenced deeply by his brother.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a high schooler，Callari described himself as being the weak kid.”可知，卡拉里在高中的时候身体不太好。故选B。
24．What does the underlined part “that way” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Parker’s story is an inspiration to many.
B．Parker’s progress is due to Callari’s effort.
C．Callari is also learning from Parker in the course.
D．Parker is not only a client but also a friend to Callari.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据行文逻辑并结合语境可知，这里指的是上一句中的“Parker’s mom once thanking him for taking a ‘chance’ on her son”，即帕克的妈妈很感谢卡拉里为自己的孩子所做的一切，而卡拉里并不那样认为——他认为自己也在学习。故选B。
话题：文学 难度星级：☆
(2018·河南信阳高中二模)
Best Science Books of 2017
At its heart，science is about curiosity.So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely，and in doing so，give you a sense of wonder.
Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna
Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics(抗生素) transform modern agriculture—for good and ill.She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，musing on serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs.Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken anyway，McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.
Why Time Flies by Alan Burdick
New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.“Time，” he writes，“appears to exist in two distinct forms.One is the standardized，objective kind found in clocks and watches；the other is our internal，biological sense of time，the one we measure in our cells，bodies and minds.” But the closer he looks，the less clearer this distinction appears.
Paleoart by Zoë Lescaze
Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike，and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.
These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs，but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibilities of their time.Both artistic and educational，these pictures are certainly influential.
What It’s Like to Be a Dog by Gregory Berns
Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals，from sea lions to the extinct thylacine(袋狼)．Berns says，“With their ability to think，choose and feel，dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”
25．Which book has something to do with public health?
A．Why Time Flies.
B．Paleoart.
C．What It’s Like to Be a Dog.
D．Big Chicken.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna部分中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，musing on serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs.”可知，这本书的作者追踪动物抗生素如何危害人类健康，思考从抗药性胃感染到非处方药感染等严重问题。因此可知这本书与公共健康有关。故选D。
26．Who writes about time?
A．Alan Burdick. B．Zoë Lescaze.
C．Gregory Berns. D．Maryn McKenna.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由Why Time Flies by Alan Burdick部分中的“New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.‘Time，’he writes”可知，这本书的作者Alan Burdick检验了人类有史以来所了解的最伟大的礼物：时间。故选A。
27．What was Berns’ pioneering work?
A．Studying extinct animals.
B．Observing dog brains.
C．Fighting for animal rights.
D．Training dogs.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由What It’s Like to Be a Dog by Gregory Berns部分中的“Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals”可知，Berns的创举是研究有意识的狗的大脑。故选B。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·河北武邑中学调研)
Getting stitched(缝合) up by Dr Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which just did that in living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings.Much like engineers are designing selfdriving cars，the medical research is part of a move toward autonomous surgical robots，removing the surgeon’s hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.
Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside where they’re supposed to watch.Plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery.In small tests using pigs，the robotic arm performed at least as well，and in some cases a bit better，as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的) tissue.“The purpose wasn’t to replace surgeons，” said Dr Kim who led the project.“If you have an intelligent tool that works with a surgeon，can it improve the outcome？That’s what we have done.”
If you’ve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system，you might think robots already are operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer robotassisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robotassisted surgery has been controversial，as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.
Kim’s team at Children’s Sheikh Zayed Institute invented the new STAR system—it stands for Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot—works sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn’t perfect.In the living animals，the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.He hopes to begin human studies in two or three years.
28．What’s the best title for the text?
A．A New Robotic System
B．A New Way of Stitching
C．The Newlydesigned Driverless Vehicles
D．Robot Surgeons One Step Closer to Reality
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句“Getting stitched(缝合) up by Dr Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which just did that in living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings.”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是机器人在外科手术中的应用离现实更近一步。故选D。
29．What will surgeons do when Dr Robot is used in surgery?
A．They can help pull the strings.
B．They rest at the bedside.
C．They join in when necessary.
D．They perform another surgery.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside where they’re supposed to watch.Plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery.”可知，当机器人医生被用于外科手术时，外科医生会在必要时加入进来。故选C。
30．Some people are against using robots in surgery probably because .
A．they can be out of control
B．they will take shorter time
C．they may be expensive to use
D．they are likely to cause great pain
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But robotassisted surgery has been controversial，as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.”可知，有些人反对在手术中使用机器人是因为有些研究表明，使用机器人会很昂贵，而结果并没有更好。故选C。
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．Dr Robot can take the place of surgeons.
B．Dr Robot will be improved.
C．Dr Robot has been tested with human trials.
D．Dr Robot can free doctors’ hands in the operation.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，机器人医生已经在动物身上实验过了，但它并不完美，在动物身上实验时机器人缝合速度较慢且出现了外科医生不会出现的缝合错误。接下来会在人类身上实验，所以机器人医生未来会被改进。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·吉林梅河口五中四模)
32 We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning，it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and coworkers. 33 It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor？It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it，word for word，to another person.That person，in turn，whispers it to still another，and so on，through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared. 34
35 The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story.Then，too，most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it，stamping it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.
36 A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
A．Typically，the original message has changed.
B．Finally everybody gets the meaning.
C．Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem.
D．Knowledge is passed down from generation to generation.
E．That’s what happens in daily life.
F．This process is also found among scholars and authors.
G．We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言，并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明。
32．答案 G
解析 根据后面的句子“We achieve it actively by...”“We achieve knowledge passively by...”可知，选项G 是最合适的，起到主题句的作用。
33．答案 C
解析 根据前后句的意思，尤其是后一句可知，它让我们接受我们被告知的东西哪怕是谣言，由此可知被动学习存在一个严重的问题，故答案为C。
34．答案 A
解析 本段介绍了“谣言”这个游戏的玩法，可知原始的信息和最后听来的信息通常是不一样的，故答案为A。
35．答案 E
解析 本空属于主题句。本段主要是细说生活中这种谣言的形成过程，故选项E符合本段大意。
36．答案 F
解析 根据后一句“A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another...”可找到关键词writer，对应F选项中的author，故答案为F。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In April,1952，I was at William Cleveland Elementary School in Houston.It was spelling bee time in our city—brochures of words were 37 to students for them to study in 38 for the classroom spelling competitions.They would 39 to a schoolwide competition and 40 qualification for the citywide bee，where school winners fought for the 41 of being the spelling champion of Houston.
The day before the bee，my youngest brother was playing with 42 and set a fire in our apartment 43 .My mother called the school the next morning to 44 my teacher Miss Pemberton of the accident，knowing that the class spelling bee was 45 that day.
On my arrival at school，Miss Pemberton 46 before I went into my classroom.She asked if I wanted her to 47 the spelling bee and hold it another day，considering I was 48 about the fire.I told her no.That day，I won the bee in my class.Then at the school spelling bee with classroom champions 49 ，I won again！The citywide spelling bee was one month 50 .
Every Sunday afternoon，Miss Pemberton would help me practice by 51 spelling words.After a couple of hours，she would take me to an ice cream shop for a short 52 .We would enjoy a big Fudge Sundae there，a 53 I’d never had.We practiced every weekend 54 the citywide spelling bee with all the school champions.
I did not win the citywide bee，but I was still proud to have 55 .I also felt grateful that I had such a 56 teacher in elementary school.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，主要讲述了我的老师对我的关怀。在我家里失火后，老师关注我的感受并悉心指导我参加拼写比赛。我虽未赢得最终的比赛，但永远对这位对我关怀备至的老师心怀感激。
37.A.lent B．awarded
C．recommended D．distributed
答案 D
解析 学校要举行拼字比赛，所以分发(distribute)给学生单词册让他们为比赛做准备。lend借出；award奖励；recommend推荐。
38．A.preparation B．search
C．exchange D．return
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。in preparation for为……做准备；in search for寻找；in exchange for作为交换；in return for作为对……的回报。
39．A.see B．adjust
C．lead D．belong
答案 C
解析 这些比赛会通向(lead)学校范围内的比赛，再是最终的(eventual)城市范围内的比赛。故选lead。
40．A.initial B．eventual
C．special D．normal
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。initial最初的；special特殊的；normal正常的。
41．A.victory B．strength
C．honor D．hope
答案 C
解析 学校比赛的获胜者将为成为休斯顿拼写比赛冠军(honor)而战。
42．A.matches B．toys
C．friends D．words
答案 A
解析 由下文的“set a fire in our apartment”可知，此处表示弟弟在玩火柴(match)。
43．A.randomly B．deliberately
C．nervously D．accidentally
答案 D
解析 弟弟玩火柴时，应该是意外地(accidentally)烧着了我们的家。randomly任意地，随意地；deliberately故意地；nervously紧张地。
44．A.warn B．inform
C．request D．remind
答案 B
解析 妈妈知道班级拼字比赛安排在第二天，因此她第二天清早就打电话告知(inform)我的老师这场事故。warn警告；request要求；remind提醒。
45．A.completed B．broadcast
C．celebrated D．scheduled
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。complete完成；broadcast播送；celebrate庆祝；schedule安排。
46．A.pulled me aside B．calmed me down
C．cut me off D．picked me up
答案 A
解析 我一到学校，老师就在我进教室之前将我拉到一边，问我是否需要延迟比赛。pull sb. aside把某人拉到一边；calm sb. down使某人镇定下来；cut sb. off中止与某人的关系；pick sb. up接某人。
47．A.hold B．cancel
C．delay D．join
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。hold举行；cancel取消；delay推迟；join参加。“hold it another day”亦是提示。
48．A.upset B．regretful
C．guilty D．angry
答案 A
解析 老师考虑到我因为家中发生火灾而难过(upset)。
49．A.cheering B．competing
C．performing D．leaving
答案 B
解析 在各班级的冠军进行竞争(compete)的校级拼字比赛中，我再次获胜了。cheer欢呼；compete竞争；perform表演；leave离开。
50．A.long B．ago
C．too D．away
答案 D
解析 根据下文每周日老师帮我辅导可知，此处应表示距城市范围的拼字比赛还有一个月。away(时间上)离开，相隔。
51．A.calling back B．calling out
C．making up D．making out
答案 B
解析 老师辅导我练习拼写时应该是喊出要练习的词语，故用call out。call back再打电话；make up编造；make out辨认出，识别。
52．A.comfort B．relief
C．relaxation D．class
答案 C
解析 上文提到老师辅导我练习，此处提到去冰淇淋店，故应是为了放松(relaxation)。
53．A.gift B．pleasure
C．treat D．recognition
答案 C
解析 我们在那里吃了大份的圣代冰淇淋，我从来没享受过这样的款待(treat)。gift礼物；pleasure高兴；recognition识别。
54．A.except B．after
C．since D．until
答案 D
解析 我们每周末都练习，直到(until)城市范围的比赛时。
55．A.participated B．learned
C．watched D．succeeded
答案 A
解析 我虽然没赢，但我还是很骄傲我参加(participate)了比赛。
56．A.challenging B．caring
C．surprising D．promising
答案 B
解析 上文体现了老师对我关怀备至，所以此处应是感激这位关心他人的(caring)老师。challenging挑战性的；surprising令人惊奇的；promising有前途的。
Ⅵ.语法填空
My husband and I traveled to Aruba again to relax ourselves.We spent our time relaxing under a tree and 57.swimming(swim) at the beach during the day，and then sharing dinners and walks in the evenings.We didn’t take any photos because we had visited the island eight times before we 58.travelled/traveled(travel) there last week.
As we stood in line at checkin，we noticed 59.a/one family that was on our plane a week ago：a mother and her four children，but with no dad with them this time.The father 60.was killed(kill) in a jetskiing accident the other day，so the vacation turned into a nightmare.And their pictures would remind them of the most 61.unforgettable(forget) experience forever.I 62.suddenly(sudden) regretted that we had no 63.photos(photo) from this vacation together.I closed my eyes and scanned my memory，hoping that I could memorize all the wonderful moments 64.remembered(remember) in my mind.However，I failed.
From then 65.on，I began to record those moments 66.that/which made my heart filled with love，gratitude and surprises.
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是一个文学爱好者，在网上加入了一个国际诗歌论坛。该论坛的版主Jane想举办一次中学生诗歌鉴赏活动，请你给出一些建议。内容包括：
1．活动主题；
2．活动内容。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jane，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jane，
Learning that you want to hold an activity on the appreciation of poetry for middle school students，I’m writing to offer you some suggestions.
Firstly，you are supposed to choose a theme attracting students’ attention.Secondly，you’d better have some games like filling the missing words of ancient poetry.What’s more，it would be great if you could guide students to appreciate the beauty of the poems.Meanwhile，you should encourage them to get involved in creating poems on the spot.
Hoping my advice is helpful and the activity will be a great success.
Yours，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1.alternative adj.替换的；供选择的 n.可供选择的事物
2.crime n.罪；罪行→criminal n.罪犯；犯人
3.prediction n.预测→predict vt.预测；预料→predictable adj.可预料的→unpredictable(反)adj.无法预料的
4.risky adj.危险的；冒险的→risk n.风险；冒险 vt.冒……的风险
5.resource n.(常作复数)资源→source n.来源；出处
6.material n.材料
7.rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可依赖的
8.load vt.装；装载→unload(反)vt.卸载；卸下→download v.下载→upload v.上传
9.arrest vt.逮捕；拘留；吸引(注意) n.拘留
10.fire vt.开火；启动
11.limit n.(常作复数)范围→limited adj.有限的→limitless(反) adj.无限的
12.outdoors adv.在户外→indoors(反)adv.室内→outdoor adj.户外的，露天的
13.command n.命令；指令 v.命令；指挥→commander n.指挥官
14.charge n.费用；价钱 vt.收费；指控；掌管；充电
15.switch n.开关 vi.交换；调换
16.power vt.供给动力 n.权力；力量→powerful adj.强有力的；强大的→powerless adj.无力的；无权的
17.disability n.失去能力；伤残→disabled adj.残疾的；无能力的
18.attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n.附件，附属物；爱慕→attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
19.optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
20.urban adj.都市的；城市的
21.shape vt.造成……形状；塑造 n.形状
22.eventually adv.最后；终于→eventual adj.最后的
23.definitely adv.无疑地；确定地→definite adj.无疑的；确定的
24.recreation n.娱乐；消遣
25.clinic n.诊所
26.colony n.殖民地
27.for sure肯定地
28.run out (某物)用完
29.rely on依赖；依靠
30.get rid of除掉；处理掉
31.place an order/orders订购
32.free of charge免费
33.use up用完(某物)
34.look out小心；当心
35.for a start首先
36.on the way out即将被淘汰；即将过时
37.Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
38.Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away，with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
医生在几千英里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗将成为常事，因为每个城市都有自己的远程诊所。
39.I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
40.Not all predictions come true.
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑).(2018·北京)
2.3Dprinted food can keep all the nutrition in raw materials(材料).(2018·天津)
3.With these statistics in mind，art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative(可供选择的) plan.(2018·江苏)
4.Artificial intelligence may command(指挥) armies of killer robots.(2017·北京)
5.The nursery team switches(交换) him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
6.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he’s reliable(rely).(2016·浙江)
7.Parents ought to be able to opt out(决定不参加) only for limited(limit) medical or religious reasons.(2017·北京)
8.Medium color choices require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful(power) effect on the feeling of a space.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
9.Please refer to the attachments(attach) which include the application form and resume.
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
10.Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky(risk)choice.
11.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism(optimistic) about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.(2016·四川)
12.Here I learned my first important lesson：disabled(disability) as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay(黏土).(2016·天津)
13.We plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and，eventually(eventual)，to our lives.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
14.Work as a team，and enjoy the great outdoor(outdoors) environment.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
15.Reporters have begun making predictions(predict) about the winner of the coming election.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
WHAT will the future be like 1.for sure? Answers can be very varied.2.For a start，according to popular science fiction，though，the future is not rosy.From The Hunger Games to Dawn of the Planet of the Apes，Hollywood has presented us a rather discouraging picture of the future，where human beings have to either fight to 3.get rid of oppression(压迫) and poverty，or 4.look out for super apes.Hero stories 5.rely on the dark settings of the science fiction.
A growing number of people would like to 6.place orders the science fiction products.Ed Finn，from Arizona State University(ASU) is worried that their negative visions of the future are limiting people’s abilities to dream big or think outside the box.Of course，we may face the problem that the earth’s natural resources may 7.run out，but we may enjoy more public recreation 8.free of charge，which can be regarded as an advantage.The traditional energy is 9.on the way out.And in the future，with all the fossil fuel 10.used up，we have to rely on alternative energy，such as solar or wind power.Chances are that human being can develop even better substitutes.
So it’s better if science fiction is creating more interesting ideas and innovations(革新) for our future life.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.No matter how ambitious your final goal is，you’re more likely to accomplish it if you’re willing to start small and keep working on it.(“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句)
无论你的终极目标有多么的远大，如果你愿意从小事做起并坚持不懈，你就更有可能达到目标。
2.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6800种语言中已经有400多种濒临灭绝，只剩下几个年长的会说这些语言。
3.He is too experienced an artist to mind what the critics says.(too...to...)
他是一个如此有经验的艺术家以至于不会在意批评家说什么。
4.While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.(部分否定)(2016·浙江)
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但并非它的所有影响都是积极的。
1.“前缀pre”高频词一览
(1)predict v.预料；预测
(2)preview v.预习
(3)prewar adj.战前的
(4)prehistory n.史前时代
(5)preschool adj.学龄前的
2.各种 “费用”
(1)charge n.费用；价钱
(2)cost n.价钱；成本；费用
(3)expense n.花费；费用
(4)fee n.费用；服务费；酬金；会费
(5)fare n.车费；船费；飞机票价
3.“小心”大集合
(1)look out
(2)be careful
(3)watch out
(4)take care
(5)be cautious
4. “用完”短语相关词汇荟萃
(1)run out (某物)用完
(2)run out of用完(某物)
(3)use up 用完(某物)
(4)give out 用完，耗尽
(5)wear out 耗尽
alternative n.可供选择的事物；可能的选择
adj.可供选择的；其他的；非传统的，另类的
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择
There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事。
(1)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.
恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到其他的解释。
(2)You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor.
你可以选择结婚也可以选择做单身汉。
(3)[同义句改写] We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.(用alternative改写)
→For us，there is no alternative but to take immediate action to stop pollution.
易错点拨
(1)alternative后可接介词to或of，接to表示代替；接of表同位关系。
(2)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：can do nothing but do sth.，have nothing to do but do sth.，have no choice but to do sth.，can not choose but do sth.。
load n.负担；负荷物
vt.装载
(1)take a load off one’s mind卸下心头重担；如释重负
loads of＝a load of许多……
(2)load...with...用……装载……
load...into/onto...把……装入(到)……
load up装载
be loaded with负载……
(1)He had heard from some old men before that several ships loaded(load) with diamonds and gold had sunk in the nearby seashore.(2018·河南南阳一中模拟)
他以前从一些老人那里听说过几艘装着钻石和金子的船沉没在附近的海滨。
(2)Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.
得知他们已安全到达，我如释重负。
(3)There are loads of/a load of great places to see in Australia.
在澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。
易错点拨 a load of/loads of后可跟可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词一致。
limit n.界限；限度
vt.限制；限定
(1)set a limit to/on限制……
beyond the limit超过限度
within the limits of限定在……范围内
There is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的。
(2)limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
(3)limited adj.有限的
be limited to受限于……
(1)We must set a limit to/on the expense of the trip.
我们必须对旅游费用定一个限额。
(2)Our funds were limited(limit)，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
我们的资金有限，在我们的价格范围内没有一幢房子看起来令人满意。
(3)Is there any limit to the amount of time we have?
我们的时间有限制吗？
(4)What would you do if you had $5，but were limited to two hours to make as much money as possible?
如果你有5美元，要想在2小时内赚最多的钱，你会怎么做呢？
易错点拨 当谈论某公司为有限公司时，limited像一般形容词一样，用作前置定语(不缩略为Ltd)：This is a limited company.这是一个股份有限公司。但若用于公司名称中，则总是后置(可缩略为Ltd)：We’ve just signed an agreement with Carsons Ltd.我们刚刚与卡森斯有限公司签订了协议。
command v.命令；博得；拥有；指挥
n.命令；掌握；运用能力
(1)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……
(2)at one’s command听某人支配
take command of指挥；控制
have a good command of掌握……；精通……
in command of掌管；掌握
(3)commanding adj.指挥的；威严的
(1)I am here at the president’s command.
(2)The voice at the other end of the line was serious and commanding(command).
(3)Although he has a good command of English(精通英语)，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.
[同义句改写]
(4)He commanded that we (should) set(set) off at once.
→He commanded us to set off at once.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中command的汉语意思
A.俯瞰 B.博得；得到 C.命令
(5)He commands the respect of everyone who works for him. B
(6)The hotel commands a fine view of the valley. A
charge v.收费；控告；充电
n.费用；控告；主管；充电
(1)charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.some money for sth.因某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge(＝for free)免费
(3)in charge of掌管(表状态)
in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责
take charge of掌管(表动作)
(1)She is charged with murdering her husband./She is accused of murdering her husband.
(2)He charged me 20 yuan for the postcard.
(3)[同义句改写] Mr Bell is in charge of the class.
①The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class作主语改写)
②Mr Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)
易错点拨 类似in charge of，in the charge of的短语：
attach vt.附上；系上；重视
vi.与……有联系
(1)attach sth.to...把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
(3)attachment n.附件，附属物
(1)Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand.
(2)You attached great importance to(重视) what that man said.
[句式升级]
(3)He is attached to the network games so that he often plays truant(逃课).
①Attached to the network games，he often plays truant.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②Attaching himself to the network games，he often plays truant.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
shape n.形状；外形；状况；性质
v.塑造；造成……形状
in good/bad shape状况好/不好
out of shape不健康；变形
in the shape of以……的形式；呈……的形状
take shape成形；形成
get into shape强身健体
(1)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
尽管Tim没有得到多少锻炼，但他身体状况良好。
(2)We went into a room in the shape of a star.
我们走进一个星星形状的房间。
(3)I’ve been jogging a lot to get myself into shape.
我长期慢跑锻炼身体。
(4)I have been out of shape ever since I left the army.
自从我离开军队后，我的身体一直很差。
run out of (人)用完；从……流出/跑出
run across偶然碰见
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run away跑开；逃走
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
run through浏览；快速穿越
[根据语境用run短语的正确形式填空]
(1)However，that rapid growth is likely to slow down as people run out of time that’s available for them to use their devices.(2018·湖南永州三模)
(2)I’ve got money you can borrow if you run out.
(3)One day she happened to run across/into Xiao Liu.
(4)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither.
(5)She ran for class president and won the majority.
(1)rely on/upon...to do/doing...依赖……做……
rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth.在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信……
(2)reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的
(1)Tom is an honest and reliable(rely) student.
(2)I rely on/upon him for everything；he’s my right arm.
我在任何事上都依赖他；他是我的得力助手。
(3)[一句多译] 你可以相信他会准时来的。
①You can rely on/upon his coming on time.(doing)
②You can rely on/upon him to come on time.(to do)
③You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.(用it作形式宾语)
易错点拨 介词后边不能直接跟that宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。
rid...of...使……摆脱/除去……
be rid of摆脱
(1)She started the Ladybug Foundation，an organization aiming at getting rid of(消除)
homelessness.(2017·北京)
(2)[一句多译] 作为一名学生，你应该改掉你的坏习惯。
①As a student，you should rid yourself of the bad habits.(rid v.)
②As a student，you should get rid of the bad habits.(get rid of)
易错点拨 rid...of...中，rid后的宾语是sb.或somewhere，摆脱或除掉的东西放在of后面，类似的短语rob...of...。
look ahead向前看；考虑未来
look down on/upon看不起
look up to尊敬
look into向……里面看；调查
look on...as把……看成
look through浏览；翻阅
[根据语境用look短语的正确形式填空]
(1)The children all look up to the great baseball player.
(2)He used to look down on/upon his poor cousins.
(3)Look out！There’s a car coming.
(4)We must learn the lessons and look ahead，not backwards.
(5)You have to look through those reports before you attend the meeting.
I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！
我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！
(1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too(＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，anxious等。
(2)当在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，“too...to...”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有“赞赏”的感情色彩。
(3)“too...to...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
(1)As far as I know，they are too anxious to leave(leave).
据我所知，他们急于离开。
(2)They are all too willing to do this work.
他们都乐意去做这项工作。
(3)As the saying goes，“It’s never too old to learn.”
正如谚语所说，“活到老学到老。”
(4)[写作提升] 我急于告诉你有关课程安排的事情。
I am too anxious/eager to inform you something about the class schedule.
Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(3)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
锻炼使你更清醒，无论这一天发生什么，都能够让你做好准备去应对。
(2)[一句多译] 无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。
①However far away we are，we feel close to each other.(however)
②No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(no matter how)
(3)这个故事的寓意是：无论处境可能有多困难，我们都应该不遗余力地获取知识，并且永远不要轻易气馁。(2015·福建)
The moral of the story is：we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It’s hard to predict(predict) when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.(2018·北京)
2．The processes take place to stop our brains being loaded(load) with memories.(2017·北京)
3．In a year he collected reliable(rely) information on 1,600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program.
4．No matter how much you wear these clothes from day to day，they will keep dirt away and never smell bad.
5．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
6．I have attached my application and resume to the letter.
7．A ship loaded(load) with rescue goods will arrive at the port soon.
8．Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
9．It is still impossible for him to get rid of the strange smell on such a foggy morning.
10．Attaching(attach) great importance to reading，parents serves as examples and important guides for their kids，especially during the holidays.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于能源)
1．尽管很难确切地预测未来的生活，但是我对未来的生活持乐观的态度。我的观点如下。(though引导的让步状语从句)
2．我们可以依靠科学技术改变我们的生活。
3．例如，轻轻一按开关，我就能命令家用机器人做大部分家务。
4．另外，因为我非常重视健康，我会摆脱所有不健康的生活方式。(v.ing作状语)
5．不管我参与什么形式的娱乐活动，都将由城市免费提供。(no matter引导的让步状语从句)
6．因为自然资源的耗尽，我将驾驶由太阳能驱动的飞行器。(with的复合结构)
7．总之，我坚信我们的未来的生活会更加方便快捷。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Though it is hard to predict the future life for sure，I have 12.an optimistic attitude to it.My ideas are as follows.13.We can rely on science and technology to change our life.For a start,14.for example，at the flick of a switch，I can command the household robot to do most of the housework.In addition,15.attaching great importance to health,16.I will get rid of all the unhealthy lifestyles.Besides,17.no matter what kind of recreation I participate in，all of them 18.will be provided for free by the city.Eventually,19.with the natural resources running out，I will drive my flying machine 20.powered by solar energy.In conclusion,21.I am fully convinced that our future life will be more convenient and quicker.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：人际关系 难度星级：☆☆
To personal trainer Sammy Callari,13yearold Parker Seward is more than a client(客户)．He’s his “little brother”．Over the past year，the pair have bonded.They play basketball together，share meals and dance to hiphop like no one’s watching.
The trainer was asked to work with the 13yearold boy，who has Down syndrome(唐氏综合征)，because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring.Callari had never worked with someone with a disability before.He was anxious the first day he met Parker.But Parker’s big smile and cheery introduction immediately put him at ease.He reminded Callari of himself when he was a teenager.Like Parker，Callari has also faced his fair share of challenges over the years.
As a high schooler，Callari described himself as being the weak kid.When it came to sports，he was always overlooked.His dream of playing baseball in college quickly faded away.When he went to college，Callari turned to a new sport.His younger brother trained him to become a boxer.Callari participated in five matches.Out of four of those fights he was the underdog，and he won three times.“I know how it feels，” Callari said.“Society tells you that you can’t do this，or you can’t do that.”When it comes to Parker，Callari refused to accept the word “can’t”．
The friends meet twice a week to train.They bike，box，run and work on their core with pushups.Parker has a short attention span，so it’s Callari’s job to keep him focused.“If Parker can do it，if he’s having fun，even with his frustration，then people will ask，‘Why can’t I do that？’”Callari said.“That’s the whole task right now.”
Callari recalls Parker’s mom once thanking him for taking a “chance” on her son.Callari told her he never viewed it that way.Parker may be the student，but Callari says he’s also the one who’s learning.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了私人教练卡拉里结合自己的经历，帮助唐氏综合征患者帕克面对挑战，并在训练过程中与帕克成为朋友的故事。
22．Why was Callari asked to train Parker?
A．They shared the same interests.
B．Parker’s parents had faith in Callari.
C．Callari was an expert in Down syndrome.
D．Callari took the place of his absent colleague.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring”可知，因为卡拉里的同事外出了，所以他代替同事来培训帕克。故选D。
23．What can we learn about Callari when he was in high school?
A．He was good at sports.
B．He was out of condition.
C．He was looked down upon by everyone.
D．He was influenced deeply by his brother.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a high schooler，Callari described himself as being the weak kid.”可知，卡拉里在高中的时候身体不太好。故选B。
24．What does the underlined part “that way” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Parker’s story is an inspiration to many.
B．Parker’s progress is due to Callari’s effort.
C．Callari is also learning from Parker in the course.
D．Parker is not only a client but also a friend to Callari.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据行文逻辑并结合语境可知，这里指的是上一句中的“Parker’s mom once thanking him for taking a ‘chance’ on her son”，即帕克的妈妈很感谢卡拉里为自己的孩子所做的一切，而卡拉里并不那样认为——他认为自己也在学习。故选B。
话题：文学 难度星级：☆
(2018·河南信阳高中二模)
Best Science Books of 2017
At its heart，science is about curiosity.So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely，and in doing so，give you a sense of wonder.
Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna
Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics(抗生素) transform modern agriculture—for good and ill.She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，musing on serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs.Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken anyway，McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.
Why Time Flies by Alan Burdick
New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.“Time，” he writes，“appears to exist in two distinct forms.One is the standardized，objective kind found in clocks and watches；the other is our internal，biological sense of time，the one we measure in our cells，bodies and minds.” But the closer he looks，the less clearer this distinction appears.
Paleoart by Zoë Lescaze
Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike，and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.
These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs，but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibilities of their time.Both artistic and educational，these pictures are certainly influential.
What It’s Like to Be a Dog by Gregory Berns
Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals，from sea lions to the extinct thylacine(袋狼)．Berns says，“With their ability to think，choose and feel，dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”
25．Which book has something to do with public health?
A．Why Time Flies.
B．Paleoart.
C．What It’s Like to Be a Dog.
D．Big Chicken.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna部分中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，musing on serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs.”可知，这本书的作者追踪动物抗生素如何危害人类健康，思考从抗药性胃感染到非处方药感染等严重问题。因此可知这本书与公共健康有关。故选D。
26．Who writes about time?
A．Alan Burdick. B．Zoë Lescaze.
C．Gregory Berns. D．Maryn McKenna.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由Why Time Flies by Alan Burdick部分中的“New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.‘Time，’he writes”可知，这本书的作者Alan Burdick检验了人类有史以来所了解的最伟大的礼物：时间。故选A。
27．What was Berns’ pioneering work?
A．Studying extinct animals.
B．Observing dog brains.
C．Fighting for animal rights.
D．Training dogs.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由What It’s Like to Be a Dog by Gregory Berns部分中的“Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals”可知，Berns的创举是研究有意识的狗的大脑。故选B。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2019·河北武邑中学调研)
Getting stitched(缝合) up by Dr Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which just did that in living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings.Much like engineers are designing selfdriving cars，the medical research is part of a move toward autonomous surgical robots，removing the surgeon’s hands from certain tasks that a machine might perform all by itself.
Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside where they’re supposed to watch.Plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery.In small tests using pigs，the robotic arm performed at least as well，and in some cases a bit better，as some competing surgeons in stitching together intestinal(肠的) tissue.“The purpose wasn’t to replace surgeons，” said Dr Kim who led the project.“If you have an intelligent tool that works with a surgeon，can it improve the outcome？That’s what we have done.”
If you’ve heard about machines like the popular Da Vinci system，you might think robots already are operating.Not really.Today many hospitals offer robotassisted surgery where surgeons use the machinery as tools that they control by hand to operate through tiny openings in the body.But robotassisted surgery has been controversial，as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.
Kim’s team at Children’s Sheikh Zayed Institute invented the new STAR system—it stands for Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot—works sort of like a programmable sewing machine.They added sensors to help guide each stitch and tell how tightly to pull.But the approach wasn’t perfect.In the living animals，the robot took much longer and made a few stitching mistakes while the surgeon sewing by hand made none.Kim said the robot can be sped up.He hopes to begin human studies in two or three years.
28．What’s the best title for the text?
A．A New Robotic System
B．A New Way of Stitching
C．The Newlydesigned Driverless Vehicles
D．Robot Surgeons One Step Closer to Reality
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句“Getting stitched(缝合) up by Dr Robot may one day be reality.Scientists have created a robotic system which just did that in living animals without a real doctor pulling the strings.”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述的是机器人在外科手术中的应用离现实更近一步。故选D。
29．What will surgeons do when Dr Robot is used in surgery?
A．They can help pull the strings.
B．They rest at the bedside.
C．They join in when necessary.
D．They perform another surgery.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“Doctors wouldn’t leave the bedside where they’re supposed to watch.Plus they’d handle the rest of the surgery.”可知，当机器人医生被用于外科手术时，外科医生会在必要时加入进来。故选C。
30．Some people are against using robots in surgery probably because .
A．they can be out of control
B．they will take shorter time
C．they may be expensive to use
D．they are likely to cause great pain
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But robotassisted surgery has been controversial，as some studies have shown it can bring higher costs without better outcomes.”可知，有些人反对在手术中使用机器人是因为有些研究表明，使用机器人会很昂贵，而结果并没有更好。故选C。
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．Dr Robot can take the place of surgeons.
B．Dr Robot will be improved.
C．Dr Robot has been tested with human trials.
D．Dr Robot can free doctors’ hands in the operation.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，机器人医生已经在动物身上实验过了，但它并不完美，在动物身上实验时机器人缝合速度较慢且出现了外科医生不会出现的缝合错误。接下来会在人类身上实验，所以机器人医生未来会被改进。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·吉林梅河口五中四模)
32 We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning，it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and coworkers. 33 It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor？It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it，word for word，to another person.That person，in turn，whispers it to still another，and so on，through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared. 34
35 The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story.Then，too，most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it，stamping it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.
36 A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
A．Typically，the original message has changed.
B．Finally everybody gets the meaning.
C．Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem.
D．Knowledge is passed down from generation to generation.
E．That’s what happens in daily life.
F．This process is also found among scholars and authors.
G．We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言，并用现实生活中简单的事例加以说明。
32．答案 G
解析 根据后面的句子“We achieve it actively by...”“We achieve knowledge passively by...”可知，选项G 是最合适的，起到主题句的作用。
33．答案 C
解析 根据前后句的意思，尤其是后一句可知，它让我们接受我们被告知的东西哪怕是谣言，由此可知被动学习存在一个严重的问题，故答案为C。
34．答案 A
解析 本段介绍了“谣言”这个游戏的玩法，可知原始的信息和最后听来的信息通常是不一样的，故答案为A。
35．答案 E
解析 本空属于主题句。本段主要是细说生活中这种谣言的形成过程，故选项E符合本段大意。
36．答案 F
解析 根据后一句“A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another...”可找到关键词writer，对应F选项中的author，故答案为F。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In April,1952，I was at William Cleveland Elementary School in Houston.It was spelling bee time in our city—brochures of words were 37 to students for them to study in 38 for the classroom spelling competitions.They would 39 to a schoolwide competition and 40 qualification for the citywide bee，where school winners fought for the 41 of being the spelling champion of Houston.
The day before the bee，my youngest brother was playing with 42 and set a fire in our apartment 43 .My mother called the school the next morning to 44 my teacher Miss Pemberton of the accident，knowing that the class spelling bee was 45 that day.
On my arrival at school，Miss Pemberton 46 before I went into my classroom.She asked if I wanted her to 47 the spelling bee and hold it another day，considering I was 48 about the fire.I told her no.That day，I won the bee in my class.Then at the school spelling bee with classroom champions 49 ，I won again！The citywide spelling bee was one month 50 .
Every Sunday afternoon，Miss Pemberton would help me practice by 51 spelling words.After a couple of hours，she would take me to an ice cream shop for a short 52 .We would enjoy a big Fudge Sundae there，a 53 I’d never had.We practiced every weekend 54 the citywide spelling bee with all the school champions.
I did not win the citywide bee，but I was still proud to have 55 .I also felt grateful that I had such a 56 teacher in elementary school.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，主要讲述了我的老师对我的关怀。在我家里失火后，老师关注我的感受并悉心指导我参加拼写比赛。我虽未赢得最终的比赛，但永远对这位对我关怀备至的老师心怀感激。
37.A.lent B．awarded
C．recommended D．distributed
答案 D
解析 学校要举行拼字比赛，所以分发(distribute)给学生单词册让他们为比赛做准备。lend借出；award奖励；recommend推荐。
38．A.preparation B．search
C．exchange D．return
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。in preparation for为……做准备；in search for寻找；in exchange for作为交换；in return for作为对……的回报。
39．A.see B．adjust
C．lead D．belong
答案 C
解析 这些比赛会通向(lead)学校范围内的比赛，再是最终的(eventual)城市范围内的比赛。故选lead。
40．A.initial B．eventual
C．special D．normal
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。initial最初的；special特殊的；normal正常的。
41．A.victory B．strength
C．honor D．hope
答案 C
解析 学校比赛的获胜者将为成为休斯顿拼写比赛冠军(honor)而战。
42．A.matches B．toys
C．friends D．words
答案 A
解析 由下文的“set a fire in our apartment”可知，此处表示弟弟在玩火柴(match)。
43．A.randomly B．deliberately
C．nervously D．accidentally
答案 D
解析 弟弟玩火柴时，应该是意外地(accidentally)烧着了我们的家。randomly任意地，随意地；deliberately故意地；nervously紧张地。
44．A.warn B．inform
C．request D．remind
答案 B
解析 妈妈知道班级拼字比赛安排在第二天，因此她第二天清早就打电话告知(inform)我的老师这场事故。warn警告；request要求；remind提醒。
45．A.completed B．broadcast
C．celebrated D．scheduled
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。complete完成；broadcast播送；celebrate庆祝；schedule安排。
46．A.pulled me aside B．calmed me down
C．cut me off D．picked me up
答案 A
解析 我一到学校，老师就在我进教室之前将我拉到一边，问我是否需要延迟比赛。pull sb. aside把某人拉到一边；calm sb. down使某人镇定下来；cut sb. off中止与某人的关系；pick sb. up接某人。
47．A.hold B．cancel
C．delay D．join
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。hold举行；cancel取消；delay推迟；join参加。“hold it another day”亦是提示。
48．A.upset B．regretful
C．guilty D．angry
答案 A
解析 老师考虑到我因为家中发生火灾而难过(upset)。
49．A.cheering B．competing
C．performing D．leaving
答案 B
解析 在各班级的冠军进行竞争(compete)的校级拼字比赛中，我再次获胜了。cheer欢呼；compete竞争；perform表演；leave离开。
50．A.long B．ago
C．too D．away
答案 D
解析 根据下文每周日老师帮我辅导可知，此处应表示距城市范围的拼字比赛还有一个月。away(时间上)离开，相隔。
51．A.calling back B．calling out
C．making up D．making out
答案 B
解析 老师辅导我练习拼写时应该是喊出要练习的词语，故用call out。call back再打电话；make up编造；make out辨认出，识别。
52．A.comfort B．relief
C．relaxation D．class
答案 C
解析 上文提到老师辅导我练习，此处提到去冰淇淋店，故应是为了放松(relaxation)。
53．A.gift B．pleasure
C．treat D．recognition
答案 C
解析 我们在那里吃了大份的圣代冰淇淋，我从来没享受过这样的款待(treat)。gift礼物；pleasure高兴；recognition识别。
54．A.except B．after
C．since D．until
答案 D
解析 我们每周末都练习，直到(until)城市范围的比赛时。
55．A.participated B．learned
C．watched D．succeeded
答案 A
解析 我虽然没赢，但我还是很骄傲我参加(participate)了比赛。
56．A.challenging B．caring
C．surprising D．promising
答案 B
解析 上文体现了老师对我关怀备至，所以此处应是感激这位关心他人的(caring)老师。challenging挑战性的；surprising令人惊奇的；promising有前途的。
Ⅵ.语法填空
My husband and I traveled to Aruba again to relax ourselves.We spent our time relaxing under a tree and 57.swimming(swim) at the beach during the day，and then sharing dinners and walks in the evenings.We didn’t take any photos because we had visited the island eight times before we 58.travelled/traveled(travel) there last week.
As we stood in line at checkin，we noticed 59.a/one family that was on our plane a week ago：a mother and her four children，but with no dad with them this time.The father 60.was killed(kill) in a jetskiing accident the other day，so the vacation turned into a nightmare.And their pictures would remind them of the most 61.unforgettable(forget) experience forever.I 62.suddenly(sudden) regretted that we had no 63.photos(photo) from this vacation together.I closed my eyes and scanned my memory，hoping that I could memorize all the wonderful moments 64.remembered(remember) in my mind.However，I failed.
From then 65.on，I began to record those moments 66.that/which made my heart filled with love，gratitude and surprises.
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是一个文学爱好者，在网上加入了一个国际诗歌论坛。该论坛的版主Jane想举办一次中学生诗歌鉴赏活动，请你给出一些建议。内容包括：
1．活动主题；
2．活动内容。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jane，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jane，
Learning that you want to hold an activity on the appreciation of poetry for middle school students，I’m writing to offer you some suggestions.
Firstly，you are supposed to choose a theme attracting students’ attention.Secondly，you’d better have some games like filling the missing words of ancient poetry.What’s more，it would be great if you could guide students to appreciate the beauty of the poems.Meanwhile，you should encourage them to get involved in creating poems on the spot.
Hoping my advice is helpful and the activity will be a great success.
Yours，
Li Hua
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