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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book4Module4
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基础知识默写
1.leading adj.主要的→lead v.领导；引导→leader n.领袖；领导
2.figure n.人物；数字；身材 v.计算；估计；认为
3.educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educator n.教育家
4.agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的
5.original adj.原来的；最初的；原创的→originally adv.原来地；最初地→origin n.起源→originate v.起源
6.publish vt.出版→publisher n.出版者；出版社
7.support vt.& n.支持
8.export vt.出口→import(反)vt.进口
9.replace vt.取代；以……代替→replacement n.取代；代替
10.quantity n.数量
11.quality n.质量
12.victim n.受害者
13.brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简洁地；简短地
14.partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上
15.graduate vi.毕业；n.大学毕业生→graduation n.毕业
16.personal adj.个人的→personality n.人格；个性
17.physical adj.身体的；物理的→physically adv.物理上；身体上→physics n.物理→physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生→mental(反) adj.精神的
18.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声
19.escape vi.逃跑；逃避
20.clear vi.(烟雾)消散；放晴 adj.清楚的；清澈的
21.species n.(动物或植物的)种
22.yield n.产量
23.bestseller n.畅销书(或唱片等)
24.brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的
25.rocket n.火箭
26.bring up培养；养育
27.the key to doing sth.(做某事)的关键
28.experiment with用……做实验
29.make a breakthrough取得突破
30.bring in引进；带来
31.as a result of由于……的结果
32.convert..into...把……转变为……
33.carry out实施；执行
34.be known for因……而出名/闻名
35.be diagnosed with被诊断患有……疾病
36.earn one’s living谋生
37.come to power掌权
38.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。
39.In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
以史蒂芬·霍金为例，人们发现他是一位才华横溢的科学家。
40.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Indeed official figures(数字) suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.(2017·江苏)
2.Without his support(支持)，we wouldn’t be where we are now.(2018·北京)
3.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量).
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
4.The prisoner escaped(逃跑) through a hole in the wall last night.
5.The ability to design，build and export(出口) green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.
(2018·浙江)
6.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement(replace)：reusable shopping bags.(2018·浙江)
7.In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher(publish).(2018·浙江)
8.In view of his educational background and experience，no one doubts his suitability as a leader(lead).
9.During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education(educate) department was offering a “free” course.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10.The sooner you notice，the better.Respond quickly and briefly(brief)，apologising for your mistake.(2017·天津)
11.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his graduation(graduate) from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
12.A best friend is someone you can tell everything to，even your most personal(person) feelings and thoughts.
13.Although this diet is not physically(physical) harmful，and can be helpful in some instances，it’s generally not wise to adopt this method.
14.Dickens had led an explosion(explode) in both the publication of novels and their readership.
(2018·浙江)
15.We had no idea where we were and it got dark.We couldn’t get back along the original(origin) track.(2018·浙江)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
1.As a result of educating the world with his knowledge of the universe，British physicist Stephen Hawking is passionately admired by millions of people around the world.He 2.is known for his brilliant work in gravitational(引力的) theory and quantum mechanics(量子力学).But the man is also known to the world for his image：a severely disabled man confined(受限于) to a wheelchair.
Hawking 3.was diagnosed with motor neurone(运动神经元) disease at the age of 21 and was told that he only had a few years to live.Over the next few decades，he survived and his limited life was 4. converted into a valuable one.5. The key to his longevity(长寿) was partly due to his determination to 6.bring in more to the world.
7.Brought up in a family with great academic atmosphere，Hawking was admired for his vast intelligence and wisdom.He 8.earned his living by doing research and 9.made a breakthrough by predicting that black holes emitted(发出) gravitational waves.He really enjoyed 10.experimenting with new ideas.He was focused on 11.carrying out his own theories.No matter who 12.came to power in his own country，he was never influenced.
In the public eye，Hawking was the inheritor(继承者) of Albert Einstein，from whose work his own grew.He may no longer be with us now，but Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.It is recognized by the international economic community that China will play an essential part in the international market.(It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句)
全球经济界都认同，中国将在国际市场中扮演重要角色。
2.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2016·全国Ⅱ)
电子邮件随后被发送给BookCrossers，使他们随时了解自己的书是在哪里找到的。
3.Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.(现在分词短语作结果状语)(2016·北京)
新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
1.单复数同形常见名词扫描
(1)species n.种类；物种
(2)means n.方法；手段
(3)fish n.鱼
(4)works n.工厂
(5)deer n.鹿
(6)sheep n.绵羊
2.person家族大集合
(1)person n.人
(2)personal adj.个人的
(3)personally adv.就个人而言
(4)personality n.个性；人格
(5)personnel n.全体人员；人事部门
3.“come to＋n.”短语小结
(1)come to power 掌权
(2)come to a conclusion 得出结论
(3)come to life 活跃起来
(4)come to an agreement达成协议
4.“动作/状态”不同表达式
(1)get married/be married
(2)fall in love with/be in love with
(3)catch fire/be on fire
(4)come to power/be in power
(5)take charge of/be in charge of
support v.支持；赞成；拥护；支撑；供养
n.赞成；支持；拥护
(1)support oneself自食其力
support sb.in (doing) sth.支持某人(做)某事
(2)in support of支持；证明
(3)supporter n.支持者；拥护者
supportive adj.同情的；支持的；支援的
(1)He is always supportive(support).Whenever she is in trouble，he is there for her.(2017·天津)
(2)She’s been supporting herself(自食其力) since she was 18 years old.
(3)Only a few people spoke in support of(支持) the proposal.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中support的汉语意思
(4)Can you give some examples to support your argument？ C
A.支持 B.供养 C.证实，证明
in quantity (in large quantities)大量地
quantities of＋不可数名词或复数名词＋谓语动词复数 许多……
a quantity of＋
(1)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.
(2)A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.
(3)Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.
(4)A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold(sell) since the summer came.
brief adj.短时间的；短暂的；简洁的；简单的
n.简要；摘要
(1)in brief简单地说
to be brief简言之
(2)briefly speaking简言之
(1)Besides，you are expected to briefly(brief) learn about the background of “China dream”.
(2)[一句多译] 简言之，我们不能接受这样的一个方案。
①To be brief/In brief，we can’t accept such a plan.(brief)
②Briefly speaking，we can’t accept such a plan.(briefly)
易错点拨 briefly speaking等由“副词＋speaking”构成的短语可看成固定搭配，不再考虑其逻辑主语及和句子主语之间的关系。
graduate vi.大学毕业；获得(学士)学位
vt.向(毕业生)授予学位
n.毕业生
(1)graduate from/at从……毕业
graduate in毕业于……专业
(2)graduation n.毕业
on graduation一毕业
(1)It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.
我们高中毕业已经20年了。
(2)He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University.
他毕业于剑桥大学物理专业。
(3)On graduation from college，she got a good job.
她大学一毕业就找到了一份好工作。
escape v.逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏
n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
(1)escape from从……逃脱；逃避……
escape doing逃脱做某事
escape being done逃避被做某事
(2)a narrow escape九死一生
[写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思]
(1)I’m sorry，but your name escapes me.被遗忘；被忽略
(2)How will we know if there’s any gas escaping？流出；泄漏
(3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避
(4)Three people died in the fire，but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱
[一句多译]
(5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。
①You are lucky to escape punishment.
②You are lucky to escape being punished.
易错点拨 注意下面两个短语的区别：
escape from prison越狱；escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
as a result结果
without result毫无结果地
result from由……引起
result in导致；造成
(1)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in(导致) fines.(2018·天津)
(2)[同义句改写] He was careless.As a result，he died.
①He died as a result of his carelessness.
②His carelessness resulted in his death.
③His death resulted from his carelessness.
[联想发散] 表示“造成；导致”的常见短语还有：
bring about，contribute to，lead to，give rise to等。
[图解助记]
He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为，养活世人的关键在于更多更快地生产水稻。
key作“关键”讲，常与介词to搭配，后跟名词或动名词，译为“(做)……的关键”。此外，常与to搭配的名词还有answer，reply，entrance，note，change，solution等。
(1)The key to solving(solve) the problem between the company and the consumers is to meet the demands made by the consumers.
(2)He pretends to have known the answer to the question.
(3)It is said that early diagnosis(诊断) and treatment is often the key to longterm health.
(4)Independence is the key to one’s success.(2016·天津)
独立是成功的关键。
The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。
keep意为“使处于某种状态”，宾语补足语可以是形容词(短语)、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词及方位副词等。
(1)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.
迈克尔把姚明的照片放在床边，使自己想起自己的梦想。
(2)It is typical of him to keep others waiting(wait)，which is quite annoying.
让别人久等是他的一贯作风，这很烦人。
[同义句改写]
(3)It is necessary that we inform the young generation of the current affairs.
→It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed of the current affairs.
[翻译句子]
(4)你给我们保留些座位好吗？
Will you keep us the seats?
(5)他们必须把手一直放在背后。
They must keep their hands behind their backs.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To figure(figure) out how much power these devices are using，they tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published(publish) Monday.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading(lead) novelist.(2017·江苏)
4．Personally(personal)，I prefer the one along the Yangtze，the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.(2017·北京)
5．After his graduation(graduate)，his works were exhibited in art galleries all over China，making him famous nationwide.
6．On arrival，I found that the building had been converted(convert) into a primary school.
7．They were held up in the traffic.As a result，they didn’t arrive on time.
8．His success was a long story，but in brief，he succeeded after many failures.
9．Up to now，a large quantity of money has been collected(collect) to help those suffering from floods.
10．More highways have been built in recent years，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于人物介绍)
1．亚历山大·弗莱明(Alexander Fleming)出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。(过去分词作状语)
2．据说，在家人的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。(It is said that...)
3．1906年，他作为优秀生从该校毕业。
4．他对医学做出了巨大的贡献，但是发现青霉素(penicillin)使他获得了终身的荣誉。(强调句型)
5．他因那项成就闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。(for which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
6．很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。(It is clear that...)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Born in Scotland，Alexander Fleming 12.was brought up by his mother and his elder brother.13.It is said that he got educated in a medical school in London 14.with his family’s support.In 1906,15.he graduated from the school as a top student.16.He made great contributions to medical science，but 17.it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation.18.He was known for that achievement,19.for which he received a Nobel Prize.20.It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·陕西西安中学期中)
Stephen Hawking，the brightest star in the firmament(天空) of science，whose insights shaped modern cosmology(宇宙论) and inspired global audiences in the millions，has died aged 76.His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge.Hawking’s children，Lucy，Robert and Tim said in a statement，“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years to come.His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.”
When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease(运动神经元病) in 1963 at the age of 21，doctors expected him to live for only two more years.But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual.He survived for more than half a century and long enough for his disability to define him.His popularity would surely have been diminished without it.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most.
For Hawking，the early diagnosis of his terminal disease，and witnessing the death from leukaemia(白血病) of a boy who he knew in hospital，ignited(点燃) a fresh sense of pursue.“Although there was a cloud hanging over my future，I found，to my surprise，that I was enjoying life in the present more than before.I began to make progress with my research，” he once said.Embarking(着手) on his career in earnest，he declared，“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇人物传记。史蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)是科学界最耀眼的明星，他的洞察力塑造了现代宇宙学，激励了全球数百万的读者。
21．The following statements about Hawking is true EXCEPT that .
A．Hawking had three kids according to the passage
B．Hawking’s intelligence and spirits influenced enormous people all over the world
C．Hawking’s disease became worse quickly after being diagnosed
D．almost all his life was devoted to the exploration of the universe in spite of his severe disease
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease(运动神经元病) in 1963 at the age of 21，doctors expected him to live for only two more years.But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual.”可知，C项“霍金的病在被诊断出来后迅速恶化”表述不正确。故选C。
22．What does the underlined word “diminished” most probably refer to?
A．Increased. B．Decreased.
C．Gained. D．Disappeared.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句“His popularity would surely have been diminished without it.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most(没有它，他的声望肯定会下降。生活在死亡阴影下的人往往是那些活得最棒的人)．”可推知画线词的意思是“减少，下降”。故选B。
23．Which of the following words can be used to describe Hawking?
A．Active and knowledgeable.
B．Optimistic and determined.
C．Thoughtful and hardworking.
D．Diligent and kind.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although there was a cloud hanging over my future，I found，to my surprise，that I was enjoying life in the present more than before.I began to make progress with my research”以及“It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”可知，“乐观和坚定”可以用来描述霍金。故选B。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2018·河北武邑中学五模)
Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle.Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem.Over the past 10 years，development in technology has moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality.Now，two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.
The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype(原型) of its flying bicycle.Grant Stapleton，marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics，says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.“It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed，” he adds.
Mr Stapleton says safety was the company’s main concern.He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors(交叠式旋翼) to power the vehicle.
The company is testing a fullsize prototype of the Hoverbike，which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.
In New Zealand，the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a fullsize prototype of its personal flying device，called Jetpack(喷气背包)．It can fly for more than 30 minutes，up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.
Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company.He said Jetpack “is built around safety from the start”．In his words，“reliability is the most important element of it.We have safety built into the actual structure itself，very similar to a Formula One racing car.”
Jetpack uses a gasolinepowered engine that produces two powerful jet streams.Mr Coker says it also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency.“It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot，” he adds.Mr Coker says Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。飞行器能够像骑自行车一样飞来飞去一直是许多发明家长期以来的梦想，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新产品，他们有可能促使这个梦想成为现实。
24．We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike .
A．can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly
B．can fly for over 30 minutes，up to 1,000 meters high
C．has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams
D．can be transported quickly after being folded and packed
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.‘It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed’”可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。它可以快速地跨洲移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。分析选项可知，D项正确。
25．The writer uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that .
A．Jetpack is very safe and reliable
B．Jetpack’s engine is powerful
C．Jetpack’s actual structure is unique
D．Jetpack can reach a great speed and height
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“...reliability is the most important element of it.We have safety built into the actual structure itself...”可知，安全性、可靠性是最重要的考虑因素，故选A项。
26．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “ ”．
A．the jet stream B．the engine
C．Jetpack D．the parachute
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“Mr Coker says it also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency.‘It starts to work at very low altitude...’”可知，由此可知it指的是parachute(降落伞)。故选D项。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
The color of food might affect just how much you want to eat them，but what about the birds in your neighborhood？Would they care what color their food is？Try this out for a science fair project，or just to learn something new while making your local birds happy.
Begin this experiment with the question “What color of birdseed，if any，will birds like the most？”，and then make a hypothesis(假设) based on your question.An example might be “Birds will eat more green birdseed than other colors of birdseed.”
You should get several bird feeders.Purchase birdseed that is very light in color.To color the birdseed，pour it into a bowl and then add food coloring that you can purchase from the store.Mix them up well with a spoon and continue to add coloring until all the seed is colored.You should sample at least a few colors and have one feeder with seed that has not been colored—this is called the control and it will give you something to compare your results to.Now just hang them up outside in the same location，and wait for your feathered friends to show up.This works best in an area where birds are used to feeding from a feeder—it can take birds over a week to find new feeders.
Observe your bird feeders whenever possible，and keep track of how much seed is in each bird feeder each day.A ruler is helpful for this.You might also want to take pictures of the feeders and keep track of what kind of birds visit each feeder.Over time，you should be able to see if one color of seed gets eaten more than others.
Once your experiment is done，you will be able to go back to your hypothesis and see if it is correct.Remember，it’s not bad if your hypothesis was wrong.The main thing is that you’ve learned something from your experiment，and hopefully you had some fun doing it.
语篇解读 食物的颜色会影响我们的饭量，你想知道鸟食的颜色对鸟的食量的影响吗？本文介绍了一种实验方法，让你去观察和判断。
27．What’s the purpose of this experiment?
A．To make local birds happy.
B．To see what color birds like most.
C．To see if the color of food affects birds.
D．To find how local birds feed themselves.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知，该实验的目的是看鸟食的颜色对鸟的食量有没有影响。
28．What is the most important about the bird feeders?
A．They are filled with some water.
B．They are placed in secret places.
C．They are painted in different colors.
D．They are all the same size and type.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。该实验的主体是鸟食颜色，所以只有鸟食颜色是变量，而其他的因素都应该是固定的，由此可以推断出，喂鸟器的大小和类型应该是一样的。
29．What’s the second step for this experiment?
A．Observing bird feeders.
B．Raising a question.
C．Collecting all the data.
D．Making a hypothesis.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Begin...，...and then make a hypothesis...”可知，实验的第二步是作一个假设。
30．How does the author prove his view?
A．By giving examples.
B．By doing experiments.
C．By doing questionnaire survey.
D．By searching for reference.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。本文具体介绍了一个实验，所以作者是通过做实验来证明观点的。
Ⅳ.七选五
Any woman can be strong.I don’t just mean strong in mental aspect. 31 You may think that strong women are born，not made.You may be thinking of Olympic weightlifters lifting dozens of kilos over their heads，or of bodybuilders posing.
32 It is a requirement for everyday life.Strength is what you need if you carry your luggage.You need to be strong to pick your child up off the floor.And，most of all—especially as you get older—you need strength simply to stand up without falling over.
As we age，we progressively lose muscle mass，which can make us weaker. 33 We might have trouble going up and down steps，picking up something heavy，even standing up from a seat.But while ageing is unavoidable，building muscle through strength training is meaningful.
A programme that is becoming more and more commonly used is Starting Strength.The basic Starting Strength programme consists of four different lifts.Trainees learn these lifts step by step. 34 Three times a week they perform three of the lifts.If they are successful in a period，they then add 2.25kg in the next period.
But barbell(杠铃) lifting doesn’t just offer physical strength；it also gives women emotional and mental confidence. 35
A．But strength is not just about appearances.
B．I mean simply being able to fight against gravity.
C．Being strong doesn’t mean having a strong heart，either.
D．However，this condition can be improved by working out.
E．Most people begin to learn the lifts using an empty bar weighing 20kg.
F．In daily life，the actions we take for granted become more and more difficult.
G．However you feel about your body，you can become the strongest version of yourself.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过力量和肌肉锻炼，每位女性都可以变得强健有力。
31．答案 B
解析 设空处位于段中，衔接上下文。根据空前句“I don’t just mean strong in mental aspect.”可知，强健并不仅仅意味着在精神层面上的强健。根据行文逻辑可知，设空处应是对strong的解释，且与空前句表达的意思相对。B项中的“I mean simply”正好与空前句“I don’t mean”意思相对，符合此处语境。故选B。
32．答案 A
解析 设空处位于段首，承接上段并开启下文。上段末尾提到了举重运动员举重和健美爱好者摆姿势展示肌肉的场景，这些都是表面可以看出来的力量，A项中的“not just about appearances”是对此的承接，且根据本段中的“Strength is what you need if you carry your luggage.”和“need strength”可知，本段与strength有关。A项中的“strength is...”正好与之匹配，且空后的It指代的就是该项中的strength。故选A。
33．答案 F
解析 设空处位于段中，应为过渡句，起承上启下的作用。空前句“As we age，we progressively lose muscle mass，which can make us weaker.”指出随着年龄的增长，我们会逐渐失去力量，这让我们变得越来越弱。空后句举例说明了我们的某些日常行动变得困难。F项中的“the actions”引出了下文，且其中的difficult也与空后句中的trouble相呼应。故选F。
34．答案 E
解析 设空处位于段中，衔接上下文。根据本段内容可知，本段与“four different lifts”有关。再由空前的“step by step”和下文的“in the next period”可知，设空处应该是介绍举重的第一阶段。E项也出现了“lifts”，且其中的“begin to learn”与下文的“the next period”联系紧密。故选E。
35．答案 G
解析 设空处位于段尾，起总结作用。上文提到了举杠铃的好处，根据行文逻辑可知，此处应总结其好处。G项中的“成为最强壮有力的自己”正是在总结举杠铃的好处。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students.I know because it 36 to my mother，a retired teacher，when she turned on the 37 one morning in 2003.
The story began in the mid1960s.My mom was teaching 38 at Burlingame Junior High.I knew little about her job at the time except for a 39 student，Tamara，who was 40 writing stories as a seventhgrader in my mom’s class.
I was visiting her in 2003 when my mom came out of her room with a 41 look on her face.She’d been listening to the radio，and she had 42 an interview with a bestselling French author，Tamara Pierce—the same name as that of the gifted student my mom had taught nearly four 43 before.My mother 44 ：Could it be the same person?
I 45 the Internet and quickly found the website for the author.My heart began to beat rapidly when I 46 it at the bottom—here was 47 that my mother had taught a nowfamous writer!
“I should 48 my writing career to my English teacher.(Bless you，Mrs Jacobsen！)”
My mother’s name was Mary Jacobsen.
My mother’s immediate response to this 49 was quiet.She was always kind and extremely 50 .I mention this story not only because it’s a wonderful 51 of the influence teachers can have without being 52 of it.It also makes me see my mom 53 .This story makes me consider how nice it would be if we all let our favorite 54 teachers know their work 55 .
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者借母亲的经历说明：尽管教师很少知道他们是否会对学生产生深远的影响，但事实是他们的确在无声中影响着学生。
36．A.fell B．appealed
C．happened D．applied
答案 C
解析 根据上下文可知，这里指的是这种情况发生(happen)在了妈妈身上。fall to (职责、责任)落在……身上；appeal to上诉，吸引，呼吁；apply to适用于，运用。
37．A.radio B．television
C．computer D．heat
答案 A
解析 根据第三段中的“She’d been listening to the radio”可知，此处应用radio。
38．A.French B．Spanish
C．Italian D．English
答案 D
解析 根据倒数第三段中的“my English teacher”可知，作者的妈妈教的是英语。
39．A.amazed B．excited
C．gifted D．bored
答案 C
解析 根据第三段中的“Tamara Pierce—the same name as that of the gifted student my mom had taught”可知，Tamara当时是一位在写作上有天赋的(gifted)学生。amazed惊奇的；excited激动的；bored无聊的，无趣的。
40．A.respectful of B．skilled at
C．uninterested in D．surprised at
答案 B
解析 由下文内容可知，Tamara有写作天赋，故此处用be skilled at“精通于……，擅长……”。
41．A.puzzled B．worried
C．tired D．satisfied
答案 A
解析 根据第三段信息可知，妈妈通过广播听到(hear)了对一个名叫Tamara Pierce的法国畅销书作家的采访，而这位作家的名字恰好与妈妈以前教过的一个学生同名，所以妈妈走出房间时脸上流露出困惑的(puzzled)表情，心想(wonder)：这会是同一个人吗？worried担心的；tired疲倦的；satisfied满意的。
42．A.conducted B．arranged
C．received D．heard
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。conduct组织，指挥，引导；arrange安排，布置；receive收到，体验，接待，接纳。
43．A.years B．decades
C．months D．weeks
答案 B
解析 2003年距20世纪60年代中期大约是40年的时间，故应选decades。
44．A.shouted B．repeated
C．wondered D．sighed
答案 C
解析 参见本段第一空解析。shout大声说，嚷；repeat重复；sigh叹气，叹息。
45．A.went into B．looked into
C．checked D．searched
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，作者上网搜索(search)相关信息。go into进入，从事；look into调查；check检查，核实。
46．A.spotted B．recorded
C．seized D．realized
答案 A
解析 当在网页底端看见(spot)这句话时，作者的心跳加快了。record记录，录音；seize抓住，攻占，没收；realize意识到，实现。
47．A.possibility B．evidence
C．news D．knowledge
答案 B
解析 “I should...(Bless you，Mrs Jacobsen！)”表明妈妈曾经教过她，这句话就是证据(evidence)。possibility可能性，可选择的方法；news消息，新闻；knowledge知识，学识。
48．A.return B．adapt
C．owe D．show
答案 C
解析 此处指的是“我的写作生涯都归功于(owe)我的英语老师(感谢您，Mrs Jacobsen！)”。return回来，放回，恢复；adapt适应，改写；show表明，展示，指出，引领。
49．A.doubt B．creation
C．event D．discovery
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，妈妈对作者的这一发现(discovery)显得很平静。doubt疑惑，疑问；creation创造，作品；event大事，比赛项目，公开活动。
50．A.modest B．outgoing
C．sympathetic D．faithful
答案 A
解析 此处填入的词应与前一句的quiet和本句的kind在情感基调上保持一致，故用modest。妈妈总是很友善，非常谦虚(modest)。
51．A.victory B．example
C．topic D．stage
答案 B
解析 妈妈的经历就是一个很好的例子(example)。victory胜利，成功；topic话题，标题；stage阶段，步骤。
52．A.worthy B．certain
C．aware D．proud
答案 C
解析 根据第一段首句“Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students.”可知答案。be aware of知道，意识到，符合语境。be worthy of值得；be certain of确信；be proud of为……自豪。
53．A.averagely B．differently
C．normally D．patiently
答案 B
解析 这件事使得作者对妈妈有了不同的认识。differently不同地，符合语境。averagely平均地；normally正常地；patiently耐心地。
54．A.lost B．separate
C．present D．former
答案 D
解析 这个故事让作者在想，要是我们所有人能让以前(former)教过我们的老师知道他们的工作是多么的重要(matter)，这将会是一件多么美好的事。lost迷失的，失去的；separate分开的；present目前的，现在的。
55．A.mattered B．disappeared
C．approached D．continued
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。disappear消失，灭绝；approach靠近，接近；continue继续。
Ⅵ.语法填空
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three scientists—including one woman—for 56. (advance) the science of lasers(激光) and the creation of extremely useful tools out of laser beams(束)．The 57. (win) are Arthur Ashkin,96，a retired American physicist，Gérard Mourou,74，from France，and Donna Strickland,59，in Canada.
Ashkin wins half of the prize for 58. development of “optical tweezers”，a type of technology that allows scientists to seize atoms，viruses and bacteria in fingerlike laser beams.Mourou and Strickland each 59. (receive) a quarter of the prize for their work that paved the way for the shortest，most powerful laser beams ever 60. (create)．
Astonishingly，Strickland is 61. (simple) the third woman to have ever won the Nobel Prize in Physics.The prize has not been awarded to a woman since 1963 62. Maria GoeppertMayer won for her work on atomic structure.That was 55 years ago！The only time a woman was awarded the prize before that was in 1903.The woman was Marie Curie who won for her work on radioactivity.
During the Nobel Prize Press Conference Tuesday morning，Strickland 63. (remind) by a reporter that she was the just third woman to win，and she was amazed because she thought there were ever so many female scientists who were more excellent 64. her.She said，“We need to celebrate women physicists because we’re out there.I am 65. (hope) that，in time，it will start to move forward at a faster rate.”
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。三名科学家因其在激光物理学领域的突破性发明获得2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。
56．答案 advancing
解析 考查非谓语动词。空前的介词for决定空处要填名词或动名词，结合空后的名词短语可知，本空只能填动名词，故填advancing。
57．答案 winners
解析 考查名词。本句缺少主语，且此处表示“获胜者”，应用winner；再根据谓语动词为复数形式可知，主语也用复数形式。故填winners。
58．答案 the/his
解析 考查冠词或代词。此处development后有介词短语修饰，且结合语境和事实可知此处是特指，故用定冠词the；此处也可以表示因为他(Ashkin)对光镊的研发，故也可用his。
59．答案 receive
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境及上文中的wins可知，此处也用一般现在时；主语是Mourou and Strickland，表示两个人，虽然主语后面跟的有each，但是不影响谓语动词的形式，故谓语动词仍旧用复数形式。
60．答案 created
解析 考查非谓语动词。句子有谓语动词，故空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，create与其逻辑主语laser beams是动宾关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词。
61．答案 simply
解析 考查副词。空处修饰谓语部分，应该用simple的副词形式。
62．答案 when
解析 考查定语从句。先行词为表示时间的1963，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
63．答案 was reminded
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句首的时间状语“During the Nobel Prize Press Conference Tuesday morning”可知，这里应使用一般过去时；又由空后的by a reporter可知，主语与remind“提醒”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
64．答案 than
解析 考查介词。由空前形容词的比较级和空后的比较对象her可知此处应用介词than。
65．答案 hopeful
解析 考查形容词。空处位于am后，应用形容词作表语。hopeful满怀希望的。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你和舍友计划本周六在达德小镇的一家绿色采摘园进行采摘活动，请给你的美国朋友David写封信邀请他一同前往。内容包括：
1．时间、地点；
2．交通方式；
3．活动内容。
注意：
1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear David，
To get close to nature and take more outdoor exercise，my roommates and I intend to have a picking activity in a picking garden of Dade town this Saturday.I’m writing to invite you to join us.
We will meet at the school gate at 8 a．m.and go there by bus.The activity will last 3 hours，during which time we will pick vegetables and fruits at our pleasure.Remember to wear your hat and a pair of gloves to protect you from strong sunlight and injuries.
If you are available on that day，please let me know in advance.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1.leading adj.主要的→lead v.领导；引导→leader n.领袖；领导
2.figure n.人物；数字；身材 v.计算；估计；认为
3.educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educator n.教育家
4.agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的
5.original adj.原来的；最初的；原创的→originally adv.原来地；最初地→origin n.起源→originate v.起源
6.publish vt.出版→publisher n.出版者；出版社
7.support vt.& n.支持
8.export vt.出口→import(反)vt.进口
9.replace vt.取代；以……代替→replacement n.取代；代替
10.quantity n.数量
11.quality n.质量
12.victim n.受害者
13.brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简洁地；简短地
14.partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上
15.graduate vi.毕业；n.大学毕业生→graduation n.毕业
16.personal adj.个人的→personality n.人格；个性
17.physical adj.身体的；物理的→physically adv.物理上；身体上→physics n.物理→physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生→mental(反) adj.精神的
18.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声
19.escape vi.逃跑；逃避
20.clear vi.(烟雾)消散；放晴 adj.清楚的；清澈的
21.species n.(动物或植物的)种
22.yield n.产量
23.bestseller n.畅销书(或唱片等)
24.brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的
25.rocket n.火箭
26.bring up培养；养育
27.the key to doing sth.(做某事)的关键
28.experiment with用……做实验
29.make a breakthrough取得突破
30.bring in引进；带来
31.as a result of由于……的结果
32.convert..into...把……转变为……
33.carry out实施；执行
34.be known for因……而出名/闻名
35.be diagnosed with被诊断患有……疾病
36.earn one’s living谋生
37.come to power掌权
38.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。
39.In Stephen Hawking’s case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
以史蒂芬·霍金为例，人们发现他是一位才华横溢的科学家。
40.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Indeed official figures(数字) suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.(2017·江苏)
2.Without his support(支持)，we wouldn’t be where we are now.(2018·北京)
3.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量).
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
4.The prisoner escaped(逃跑) through a hole in the wall last night.
5.The ability to design，build and export(出口) green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.
(2018·浙江)
6.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement(replace)：reusable shopping bags.(2018·浙江)
7.In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher(publish).(2018·浙江)
8.In view of his educational background and experience，no one doubts his suitability as a leader(lead).
9.During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education(educate) department was offering a “free” course.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10.The sooner you notice，the better.Respond quickly and briefly(brief)，apologising for your mistake.(2017·天津)
11.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his graduation(graduate) from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
12.A best friend is someone you can tell everything to，even your most personal(person) feelings and thoughts.
13.Although this diet is not physically(physical) harmful，and can be helpful in some instances，it’s generally not wise to adopt this method.
14.Dickens had led an explosion(explode) in both the publication of novels and their readership.
(2018·浙江)
15.We had no idea where we were and it got dark.We couldn’t get back along the original(origin) track.(2018·浙江)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
1.As a result of educating the world with his knowledge of the universe，British physicist Stephen Hawking is passionately admired by millions of people around the world.He 2.is known for his brilliant work in gravitational(引力的) theory and quantum mechanics(量子力学).But the man is also known to the world for his image：a severely disabled man confined(受限于) to a wheelchair.
Hawking 3.was diagnosed with motor neurone(运动神经元) disease at the age of 21 and was told that he only had a few years to live.Over the next few decades，he survived and his limited life was 4. converted into a valuable one.5. The key to his longevity(长寿) was partly due to his determination to 6.bring in more to the world.
7.Brought up in a family with great academic atmosphere，Hawking was admired for his vast intelligence and wisdom.He 8.earned his living by doing research and 9.made a breakthrough by predicting that black holes emitted(发出) gravitational waves.He really enjoyed 10.experimenting with new ideas.He was focused on 11.carrying out his own theories.No matter who 12.came to power in his own country，he was never influenced.
In the public eye，Hawking was the inheritor(继承者) of Albert Einstein，from whose work his own grew.He may no longer be with us now，but Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.It is recognized by the international economic community that China will play an essential part in the international market.(It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句)
全球经济界都认同，中国将在国际市场中扮演重要角色。
2.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2016·全国Ⅱ)
电子邮件随后被发送给BookCrossers，使他们随时了解自己的书是在哪里找到的。
3.Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.(现在分词短语作结果状语)(2016·北京)
新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
1.单复数同形常见名词扫描
(1)species n.种类；物种
(2)means n.方法；手段
(3)fish n.鱼
(4)works n.工厂
(5)deer n.鹿
(6)sheep n.绵羊
2.person家族大集合
(1)person n.人
(2)personal adj.个人的
(3)personally adv.就个人而言
(4)personality n.个性；人格
(5)personnel n.全体人员；人事部门
3.“come to＋n.”短语小结
(1)come to power 掌权
(2)come to a conclusion 得出结论
(3)come to life 活跃起来
(4)come to an agreement达成协议
4.“动作/状态”不同表达式
(1)get married/be married
(2)fall in love with/be in love with
(3)catch fire/be on fire
(4)come to power/be in power
(5)take charge of/be in charge of
support v.支持；赞成；拥护；支撑；供养
n.赞成；支持；拥护
(1)support oneself自食其力
support sb.in (doing) sth.支持某人(做)某事
(2)in support of支持；证明
(3)supporter n.支持者；拥护者
supportive adj.同情的；支持的；支援的
(1)He is always supportive(support).Whenever she is in trouble，he is there for her.(2017·天津)
(2)She’s been supporting herself(自食其力) since she was 18 years old.
(3)Only a few people spoke in support of(支持) the proposal.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中support的汉语意思
(4)Can you give some examples to support your argument？ C
A.支持 B.供养 C.证实，证明
in quantity (in large quantities)大量地
quantities of＋不可数名词或复数名词＋谓语动词复数 许多……
a quantity of＋
(1)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.
(2)A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.
(3)Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.
(4)A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold(sell) since the summer came.
brief adj.短时间的；短暂的；简洁的；简单的
n.简要；摘要
(1)in brief简单地说
to be brief简言之
(2)briefly speaking简言之
(1)Besides，you are expected to briefly(brief) learn about the background of “China dream”.
(2)[一句多译] 简言之，我们不能接受这样的一个方案。
①To be brief/In brief，we can’t accept such a plan.(brief)
②Briefly speaking，we can’t accept such a plan.(briefly)
易错点拨 briefly speaking等由“副词＋speaking”构成的短语可看成固定搭配，不再考虑其逻辑主语及和句子主语之间的关系。
graduate vi.大学毕业；获得(学士)学位
vt.向(毕业生)授予学位
n.毕业生
(1)graduate from/at从……毕业
graduate in毕业于……专业
(2)graduation n.毕业
on graduation一毕业
(1)It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school.
我们高中毕业已经20年了。
(2)He graduated in physics from/at Cambridge University.
他毕业于剑桥大学物理专业。
(3)On graduation from college，she got a good job.
她大学一毕业就找到了一份好工作。
escape v.逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏
n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
(1)escape from从……逃脱；逃避……
escape doing逃脱做某事
escape being done逃避被做某事
(2)a narrow escape九死一生
[写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思]
(1)I’m sorry，but your name escapes me.被遗忘；被忽略
(2)How will we know if there’s any gas escaping？流出；泄漏
(3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避
(4)Three people died in the fire，but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱
[一句多译]
(5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。
①You are lucky to escape punishment.
②You are lucky to escape being punished.
易错点拨 注意下面两个短语的区别：
escape from prison越狱；escape prison逃过牢狱之灾
as a result结果
without result毫无结果地
result from由……引起
result in导致；造成
(1)Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in(导致) fines.(2018·天津)
(2)[同义句改写] He was careless.As a result，he died.
①He died as a result of his carelessness.
②His carelessness resulted in his death.
③His death resulted from his carelessness.
[联想发散] 表示“造成；导致”的常见短语还有：
bring about，contribute to，lead to，give rise to等。
[图解助记]
He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为，养活世人的关键在于更多更快地生产水稻。
key作“关键”讲，常与介词to搭配，后跟名词或动名词，译为“(做)……的关键”。此外，常与to搭配的名词还有answer，reply，entrance，note，change，solution等。
(1)The key to solving(solve) the problem between the company and the consumers is to meet the demands made by the consumers.
(2)He pretends to have known the answer to the question.
(3)It is said that early diagnosis(诊断) and treatment is often the key to longterm health.
(4)Independence is the key to one’s success.(2016·天津)
独立是成功的关键。
The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
竹管被绑在一根帮助火箭直线运动的长棍上。
keep意为“使处于某种状态”，宾语补足语可以是形容词(短语)、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、名词及方位副词等。
(1)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams.
迈克尔把姚明的照片放在床边，使自己想起自己的梦想。
(2)It is typical of him to keep others waiting(wait)，which is quite annoying.
让别人久等是他的一贯作风，这很烦人。
[同义句改写]
(3)It is necessary that we inform the young generation of the current affairs.
→It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed of the current affairs.
[翻译句子]
(4)你给我们保留些座位好吗？
Will you keep us the seats?
(5)他们必须把手一直放在背后。
They must keep their hands behind their backs.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To figure(figure) out how much power these devices are using，they tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published(publish) Monday.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading(lead) novelist.(2017·江苏)
4．Personally(personal)，I prefer the one along the Yangtze，the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.(2017·北京)
5．After his graduation(graduate)，his works were exhibited in art galleries all over China，making him famous nationwide.
6．On arrival，I found that the building had been converted(convert) into a primary school.
7．They were held up in the traffic.As a result，they didn’t arrive on time.
8．His success was a long story，but in brief，he succeeded after many failures.
9．Up to now，a large quantity of money has been collected(collect) to help those suffering from floods.
10．More highways have been built in recent years，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于人物介绍)
1．亚历山大·弗莱明(Alexander Fleming)出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。(过去分词作状语)
2．据说，在家人的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。(It is said that...)
3．1906年，他作为优秀生从该校毕业。
4．他对医学做出了巨大的贡献，但是发现青霉素(penicillin)使他获得了终身的荣誉。(强调句型)
5．他因那项成就闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。(for which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
6．很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。(It is clear that...)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．Born in Scotland，Alexander Fleming 12.was brought up by his mother and his elder brother.13.It is said that he got educated in a medical school in London 14.with his family’s support.In 1906,15.he graduated from the school as a top student.16.He made great contributions to medical science，but 17.it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation.18.He was known for that achievement,19.for which he received a Nobel Prize.20.It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·陕西西安中学期中)
Stephen Hawking，the brightest star in the firmament(天空) of science，whose insights shaped modern cosmology(宇宙论) and inspired global audiences in the millions，has died aged 76.His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge.Hawking’s children，Lucy，Robert and Tim said in a statement，“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years to come.His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.”
When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease(运动神经元病) in 1963 at the age of 21，doctors expected him to live for only two more years.But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual.He survived for more than half a century and long enough for his disability to define him.His popularity would surely have been diminished without it.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most.
For Hawking，the early diagnosis of his terminal disease，and witnessing the death from leukaemia(白血病) of a boy who he knew in hospital，ignited(点燃) a fresh sense of pursue.“Although there was a cloud hanging over my future，I found，to my surprise，that I was enjoying life in the present more than before.I began to make progress with my research，” he once said.Embarking(着手) on his career in earnest，he declared，“My goal is simple.It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇人物传记。史蒂芬·霍金(Stephen Hawking)是科学界最耀眼的明星，他的洞察力塑造了现代宇宙学，激励了全球数百万的读者。
21．The following statements about Hawking is true EXCEPT that .
A．Hawking had three kids according to the passage
B．Hawking’s intelligence and spirits influenced enormous people all over the world
C．Hawking’s disease became worse quickly after being diagnosed
D．almost all his life was devoted to the exploration of the universe in spite of his severe disease
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease(运动神经元病) in 1963 at the age of 21，doctors expected him to live for only two more years.But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual.”可知，C项“霍金的病在被诊断出来后迅速恶化”表述不正确。故选C。
22．What does the underlined word “diminished” most probably refer to?
A．Increased. B．Decreased.
C．Gained. D．Disappeared.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句“His popularity would surely have been diminished without it.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most(没有它，他的声望肯定会下降。生活在死亡阴影下的人往往是那些活得最棒的人)．”可推知画线词的意思是“减少，下降”。故选B。
23．Which of the following words can be used to describe Hawking?
A．Active and knowledgeable.
B．Optimistic and determined.
C．Thoughtful and hardworking.
D．Diligent and kind.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although there was a cloud hanging over my future，I found，to my surprise，that I was enjoying life in the present more than before.I began to make progress with my research”以及“It is a complete understanding of the universe，why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”可知，“乐观和坚定”可以用来描述霍金。故选B。
话题：现代技术 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2018·河北武邑中学五模)
Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle.Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem.Over the past 10 years，development in technology has moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality.Now，two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.
The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype(原型) of its flying bicycle.Grant Stapleton，marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics，says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.“It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed，” he adds.
Mr Stapleton says safety was the company’s main concern.He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors(交叠式旋翼) to power the vehicle.
The company is testing a fullsize prototype of the Hoverbike，which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.
In New Zealand，the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a fullsize prototype of its personal flying device，called Jetpack(喷气背包)．It can fly for more than 30 minutes，up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.
Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company.He said Jetpack “is built around safety from the start”．In his words，“reliability is the most important element of it.We have safety built into the actual structure itself，very similar to a Formula One racing car.”
Jetpack uses a gasolinepowered engine that produces two powerful jet streams.Mr Coker says it also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency.“It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot，” he adds.Mr Coker says Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。飞行器能够像骑自行车一样飞来飞去一直是许多发明家长期以来的梦想，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新产品，他们有可能促使这个梦想成为现实。
24．We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike .
A．can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly
B．can fly for over 30 minutes，up to 1,000 meters high
C．has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams
D．can be transported quickly after being folded and packed
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly.‘It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed’”可知，Hoverbike能够很快地进出小空间。它可以快速地跨洲移动，因为它可以折叠和包装。分析选项可知，D项正确。
25．The writer uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that .
A．Jetpack is very safe and reliable
B．Jetpack’s engine is powerful
C．Jetpack’s actual structure is unique
D．Jetpack can reach a great speed and height
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“...reliability is the most important element of it.We have safety built into the actual structure itself...”可知，安全性、可靠性是最重要的考虑因素，故选A项。
26．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “ ”．
A．the jet stream B．the engine
C．Jetpack D．the parachute
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“Mr Coker says it also has a parachute(降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency.‘It starts to work at very low altitude...’”可知，由此可知it指的是parachute(降落伞)。故选D项。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
The color of food might affect just how much you want to eat them，but what about the birds in your neighborhood？Would they care what color their food is？Try this out for a science fair project，or just to learn something new while making your local birds happy.
Begin this experiment with the question “What color of birdseed，if any，will birds like the most？”，and then make a hypothesis(假设) based on your question.An example might be “Birds will eat more green birdseed than other colors of birdseed.”
You should get several bird feeders.Purchase birdseed that is very light in color.To color the birdseed，pour it into a bowl and then add food coloring that you can purchase from the store.Mix them up well with a spoon and continue to add coloring until all the seed is colored.You should sample at least a few colors and have one feeder with seed that has not been colored—this is called the control and it will give you something to compare your results to.Now just hang them up outside in the same location，and wait for your feathered friends to show up.This works best in an area where birds are used to feeding from a feeder—it can take birds over a week to find new feeders.
Observe your bird feeders whenever possible，and keep track of how much seed is in each bird feeder each day.A ruler is helpful for this.You might also want to take pictures of the feeders and keep track of what kind of birds visit each feeder.Over time，you should be able to see if one color of seed gets eaten more than others.
Once your experiment is done，you will be able to go back to your hypothesis and see if it is correct.Remember，it’s not bad if your hypothesis was wrong.The main thing is that you’ve learned something from your experiment，and hopefully you had some fun doing it.
语篇解读 食物的颜色会影响我们的饭量，你想知道鸟食的颜色对鸟的食量的影响吗？本文介绍了一种实验方法，让你去观察和判断。
27．What’s the purpose of this experiment?
A．To make local birds happy.
B．To see what color birds like most.
C．To see if the color of food affects birds.
D．To find how local birds feed themselves.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知，该实验的目的是看鸟食的颜色对鸟的食量有没有影响。
28．What is the most important about the bird feeders?
A．They are filled with some water.
B．They are placed in secret places.
C．They are painted in different colors.
D．They are all the same size and type.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。该实验的主体是鸟食颜色，所以只有鸟食颜色是变量，而其他的因素都应该是固定的，由此可以推断出，喂鸟器的大小和类型应该是一样的。
29．What’s the second step for this experiment?
A．Observing bird feeders.
B．Raising a question.
C．Collecting all the data.
D．Making a hypothesis.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Begin...，...and then make a hypothesis...”可知，实验的第二步是作一个假设。
30．How does the author prove his view?
A．By giving examples.
B．By doing experiments.
C．By doing questionnaire survey.
D．By searching for reference.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。本文具体介绍了一个实验，所以作者是通过做实验来证明观点的。
Ⅳ.七选五
Any woman can be strong.I don’t just mean strong in mental aspect. 31 You may think that strong women are born，not made.You may be thinking of Olympic weightlifters lifting dozens of kilos over their heads，or of bodybuilders posing.
32 It is a requirement for everyday life.Strength is what you need if you carry your luggage.You need to be strong to pick your child up off the floor.And，most of all—especially as you get older—you need strength simply to stand up without falling over.
As we age，we progressively lose muscle mass，which can make us weaker. 33 We might have trouble going up and down steps，picking up something heavy，even standing up from a seat.But while ageing is unavoidable，building muscle through strength training is meaningful.
A programme that is becoming more and more commonly used is Starting Strength.The basic Starting Strength programme consists of four different lifts.Trainees learn these lifts step by step. 34 Three times a week they perform three of the lifts.If they are successful in a period，they then add 2.25kg in the next period.
But barbell(杠铃) lifting doesn’t just offer physical strength；it also gives women emotional and mental confidence. 35
A．But strength is not just about appearances.
B．I mean simply being able to fight against gravity.
C．Being strong doesn’t mean having a strong heart，either.
D．However，this condition can be improved by working out.
E．Most people begin to learn the lifts using an empty bar weighing 20kg.
F．In daily life，the actions we take for granted become more and more difficult.
G．However you feel about your body，you can become the strongest version of yourself.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过力量和肌肉锻炼，每位女性都可以变得强健有力。
31．答案 B
解析 设空处位于段中，衔接上下文。根据空前句“I don’t just mean strong in mental aspect.”可知，强健并不仅仅意味着在精神层面上的强健。根据行文逻辑可知，设空处应是对strong的解释，且与空前句表达的意思相对。B项中的“I mean simply”正好与空前句“I don’t mean”意思相对，符合此处语境。故选B。
32．答案 A
解析 设空处位于段首，承接上段并开启下文。上段末尾提到了举重运动员举重和健美爱好者摆姿势展示肌肉的场景，这些都是表面可以看出来的力量，A项中的“not just about appearances”是对此的承接，且根据本段中的“Strength is what you need if you carry your luggage.”和“need strength”可知，本段与strength有关。A项中的“strength is...”正好与之匹配，且空后的It指代的就是该项中的strength。故选A。
33．答案 F
解析 设空处位于段中，应为过渡句，起承上启下的作用。空前句“As we age，we progressively lose muscle mass，which can make us weaker.”指出随着年龄的增长，我们会逐渐失去力量，这让我们变得越来越弱。空后句举例说明了我们的某些日常行动变得困难。F项中的“the actions”引出了下文，且其中的difficult也与空后句中的trouble相呼应。故选F。
34．答案 E
解析 设空处位于段中，衔接上下文。根据本段内容可知，本段与“four different lifts”有关。再由空前的“step by step”和下文的“in the next period”可知，设空处应该是介绍举重的第一阶段。E项也出现了“lifts”，且其中的“begin to learn”与下文的“the next period”联系紧密。故选E。
35．答案 G
解析 设空处位于段尾，起总结作用。上文提到了举杠铃的好处，根据行文逻辑可知，此处应总结其好处。G项中的“成为最强壮有力的自己”正是在总结举杠铃的好处。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students.I know because it 36 to my mother，a retired teacher，when she turned on the 37 one morning in 2003.
The story began in the mid1960s.My mom was teaching 38 at Burlingame Junior High.I knew little about her job at the time except for a 39 student，Tamara，who was 40 writing stories as a seventhgrader in my mom’s class.
I was visiting her in 2003 when my mom came out of her room with a 41 look on her face.She’d been listening to the radio，and she had 42 an interview with a bestselling French author，Tamara Pierce—the same name as that of the gifted student my mom had taught nearly four 43 before.My mother 44 ：Could it be the same person?
I 45 the Internet and quickly found the website for the author.My heart began to beat rapidly when I 46 it at the bottom—here was 47 that my mother had taught a nowfamous writer!
“I should 48 my writing career to my English teacher.(Bless you，Mrs Jacobsen！)”
My mother’s name was Mary Jacobsen.
My mother’s immediate response to this 49 was quiet.She was always kind and extremely 50 .I mention this story not only because it’s a wonderful 51 of the influence teachers can have without being 52 of it.It also makes me see my mom 53 .This story makes me consider how nice it would be if we all let our favorite 54 teachers know their work 55 .
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者借母亲的经历说明：尽管教师很少知道他们是否会对学生产生深远的影响，但事实是他们的确在无声中影响着学生。
36．A.fell B．appealed
C．happened D．applied
答案 C
解析 根据上下文可知，这里指的是这种情况发生(happen)在了妈妈身上。fall to (职责、责任)落在……身上；appeal to上诉，吸引，呼吁；apply to适用于，运用。
37．A.radio B．television
C．computer D．heat
答案 A
解析 根据第三段中的“She’d been listening to the radio”可知，此处应用radio。
38．A.French B．Spanish
C．Italian D．English
答案 D
解析 根据倒数第三段中的“my English teacher”可知，作者的妈妈教的是英语。
39．A.amazed B．excited
C．gifted D．bored
答案 C
解析 根据第三段中的“Tamara Pierce—the same name as that of the gifted student my mom had taught”可知，Tamara当时是一位在写作上有天赋的(gifted)学生。amazed惊奇的；excited激动的；bored无聊的，无趣的。
40．A.respectful of B．skilled at
C．uninterested in D．surprised at
答案 B
解析 由下文内容可知，Tamara有写作天赋，故此处用be skilled at“精通于……，擅长……”。
41．A.puzzled B．worried
C．tired D．satisfied
答案 A
解析 根据第三段信息可知，妈妈通过广播听到(hear)了对一个名叫Tamara Pierce的法国畅销书作家的采访，而这位作家的名字恰好与妈妈以前教过的一个学生同名，所以妈妈走出房间时脸上流露出困惑的(puzzled)表情，心想(wonder)：这会是同一个人吗？worried担心的；tired疲倦的；satisfied满意的。
42．A.conducted B．arranged
C．received D．heard
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。conduct组织，指挥，引导；arrange安排，布置；receive收到，体验，接待，接纳。
43．A.years B．decades
C．months D．weeks
答案 B
解析 2003年距20世纪60年代中期大约是40年的时间，故应选decades。
44．A.shouted B．repeated
C．wondered D．sighed
答案 C
解析 参见本段第一空解析。shout大声说，嚷；repeat重复；sigh叹气，叹息。
45．A.went into B．looked into
C．checked D．searched
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，作者上网搜索(search)相关信息。go into进入，从事；look into调查；check检查，核实。
46．A.spotted B．recorded
C．seized D．realized
答案 A
解析 当在网页底端看见(spot)这句话时，作者的心跳加快了。record记录，录音；seize抓住，攻占，没收；realize意识到，实现。
47．A.possibility B．evidence
C．news D．knowledge
答案 B
解析 “I should...(Bless you，Mrs Jacobsen！)”表明妈妈曾经教过她，这句话就是证据(evidence)。possibility可能性，可选择的方法；news消息，新闻；knowledge知识，学识。
48．A.return B．adapt
C．owe D．show
答案 C
解析 此处指的是“我的写作生涯都归功于(owe)我的英语老师(感谢您，Mrs Jacobsen！)”。return回来，放回，恢复；adapt适应，改写；show表明，展示，指出，引领。
49．A.doubt B．creation
C．event D．discovery
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，妈妈对作者的这一发现(discovery)显得很平静。doubt疑惑，疑问；creation创造，作品；event大事，比赛项目，公开活动。
50．A.modest B．outgoing
C．sympathetic D．faithful
答案 A
解析 此处填入的词应与前一句的quiet和本句的kind在情感基调上保持一致，故用modest。妈妈总是很友善，非常谦虚(modest)。
51．A.victory B．example
C．topic D．stage
答案 B
解析 妈妈的经历就是一个很好的例子(example)。victory胜利，成功；topic话题，标题；stage阶段，步骤。
52．A.worthy B．certain
C．aware D．proud
答案 C
解析 根据第一段首句“Rarely do teachers know whether they make permanent impressions on students.”可知答案。be aware of知道，意识到，符合语境。be worthy of值得；be certain of确信；be proud of为……自豪。
53．A.averagely B．differently
C．normally D．patiently
答案 B
解析 这件事使得作者对妈妈有了不同的认识。differently不同地，符合语境。averagely平均地；normally正常地；patiently耐心地。
54．A.lost B．separate
C．present D．former
答案 D
解析 这个故事让作者在想，要是我们所有人能让以前(former)教过我们的老师知道他们的工作是多么的重要(matter)，这将会是一件多么美好的事。lost迷失的，失去的；separate分开的；present目前的，现在的。
55．A.mattered B．disappeared
C．approached D．continued
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。disappear消失，灭绝；approach靠近，接近；continue继续。
Ⅵ.语法填空
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to three scientists—including one woman—for 56. (advance) the science of lasers(激光) and the creation of extremely useful tools out of laser beams(束)．The 57. (win) are Arthur Ashkin,96，a retired American physicist，Gérard Mourou,74，from France，and Donna Strickland,59，in Canada.
Ashkin wins half of the prize for 58. development of “optical tweezers”，a type of technology that allows scientists to seize atoms，viruses and bacteria in fingerlike laser beams.Mourou and Strickland each 59. (receive) a quarter of the prize for their work that paved the way for the shortest，most powerful laser beams ever 60. (create)．
Astonishingly，Strickland is 61. (simple) the third woman to have ever won the Nobel Prize in Physics.The prize has not been awarded to a woman since 1963 62. Maria GoeppertMayer won for her work on atomic structure.That was 55 years ago！The only time a woman was awarded the prize before that was in 1903.The woman was Marie Curie who won for her work on radioactivity.
During the Nobel Prize Press Conference Tuesday morning，Strickland 63. (remind) by a reporter that she was the just third woman to win，and she was amazed because she thought there were ever so many female scientists who were more excellent 64. her.She said，“We need to celebrate women physicists because we’re out there.I am 65. (hope) that，in time，it will start to move forward at a faster rate.”
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。三名科学家因其在激光物理学领域的突破性发明获得2018年诺贝尔物理学奖。
56．答案 advancing
解析 考查非谓语动词。空前的介词for决定空处要填名词或动名词，结合空后的名词短语可知，本空只能填动名词，故填advancing。
57．答案 winners
解析 考查名词。本句缺少主语，且此处表示“获胜者”，应用winner；再根据谓语动词为复数形式可知，主语也用复数形式。故填winners。
58．答案 the/his
解析 考查冠词或代词。此处development后有介词短语修饰，且结合语境和事实可知此处是特指，故用定冠词the；此处也可以表示因为他(Ashkin)对光镊的研发，故也可用his。
59．答案 receive
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境及上文中的wins可知，此处也用一般现在时；主语是Mourou and Strickland，表示两个人，虽然主语后面跟的有each，但是不影响谓语动词的形式，故谓语动词仍旧用复数形式。
60．答案 created
解析 考查非谓语动词。句子有谓语动词，故空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，create与其逻辑主语laser beams是动宾关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词。
61．答案 simply
解析 考查副词。空处修饰谓语部分，应该用simple的副词形式。
62．答案 when
解析 考查定语从句。先行词为表示时间的1963，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
63．答案 was reminded
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句首的时间状语“During the Nobel Prize Press Conference Tuesday morning”可知，这里应使用一般过去时；又由空后的by a reporter可知，主语与remind“提醒”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
64．答案 than
解析 考查介词。由空前形容词的比较级和空后的比较对象her可知此处应用介词than。
65．答案 hopeful
解析 考查形容词。空处位于am后，应用形容词作表语。hopeful满怀希望的。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你和舍友计划本周六在达德小镇的一家绿色采摘园进行采摘活动，请给你的美国朋友David写封信邀请他一同前往。内容包括：
1．时间、地点；
2．交通方式；
3．活动内容。
注意：
1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
Yours truly，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear David，
To get close to nature and take more outdoor exercise，my roommates and I intend to have a picking activity in a picking garden of Dade town this Saturday.I’m writing to invite you to join us.
We will meet at the school gate at 8 a．m.and go there by bus.The activity will last 3 hours，during which time we will pick vegetables and fruits at our pleasure.Remember to wear your hat and a pair of gloves to protect you from strong sunlight and injuries.
If you are available on that day，please let me know in advance.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
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