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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book5Module3
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基础知识默写
1.account n.账户；叙述；描写；报道 vt.认为是；解释；(数量上、比例上)占→accountant n.会计
2.shelter n.遮蔽物；栖身之地 v.保护；庇护
3.lie vi.说谎；撒谎；躺；位于 n.谎言；谎话
4.tie vt.(用绳、带等)绑，系，拴 n.领带
5.terrified adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的→terrifying adj.令人害怕的→terrify vt.使惊恐→terror n.惊恐，恐惧→terrorist n.恐怖分子→terrorism n.恐怖主义
6.disturb vt.打扰→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的
7.create vt.塑造；创作→creation n.创作(物)；创造→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的→creativity n.创造力；创造性
8.determined adj.坚决的；坚定的→determine v.(使)下决心；(使)做决定→determination n.决心；果断
9.force vt.强迫；迫使 n.暴力，武力；力，力量
10.vivid adj.(描述)生动的；逼真的→vividly adv.生动地
11.solve vt.解决→solution n.解决办法
12.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心
13.fright n.恐惧；害怕→frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightening adj.令人恐惧的→frightened adj.害怕的；恐惧的
14.establish vt.建立；确立；确定→establishment n.建立；企业→established adj.著名的
15.reputation n.名誉；名望；声望
16.review n.(影视、音乐)评论
17.detective n.侦探→detect v.侦查
18.murderer n.凶手；谋杀犯→murder n.& vt.谋杀
19.companion n.同伴；伙伴→company n.公司；陪伴
20.comedy n.喜剧→tragedy(反)n.悲剧
21.fiction n.小说；虚构的文学作品；虚构或幻想出来的事
22.resemble vt.与……相似
23.shallow adj.浅的
24.pilot n.领航员；飞行员
25.exception n.例外→except prep.除了→exceptional adj.例外的；杰出的
26.adolescent n.青少年→adolescence n.青春期
27.have connection with与……有联系/有关联
28.run away(秘密地)逃跑
29.have enough of受够了……
30.persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
31.play a trick on sb.捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧
32.make up编造(说法、解释等)
33.be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.)有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
34.set (a play，novel，etc.) in设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
35.make a/one’s fortune发财
36.set off出发；启程；引发
37.“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes.
过了几分钟，吉姆说道：“它看起来好像很快就要下沉了。”
38.It was quite dark，but I could see a man lying on the floor，tied up with rope.
四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着躺在地板上。
39.He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America.
作为一个青少年，他早早地离开学校，决心在南美洲发财。
40.He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.What annoyed me most is that at first he insisted on the accuracy of his account(叙述)，which is obviously ridiculous.
2.She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter(栖身之地) or enough food.(2017·北京)
3.He didn’t force(强迫) me—I wanted to go there with him.
4.The change to a media economy started in 1920，when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF) established(建立) a radio factory in Hilversum.
5.Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations(名声) over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏)
6.The photograph vividly(vivid) shows a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume wearing a sweet smile.
7.There are solutions(solve) that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy.(2018·江苏)
8.What could these steps lead to？Curiosity(curious) got the best of me.(2018·天津)
9.At that time，hunger was a disturbing(disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside.
10.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence(adolescent)，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.(2016·北京)
11.She is determined(determine) to carry on with her education.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.Arts activity demands a joint effort.It involves creation(create)，performance，and promotion.
13.After I heard the terrifying(terrify) news，nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared to death.
14.The detective(detect) who has taken charge of the case said he would not give up until the problem was solved.
15.Generally speaking，how much you enjoy your trip will depend on your choice of travelling companions(company).
Ⅱ.选词成篇
For four decades，Steven Spielberg has created a number of Hollywood boxoffice movies. Whatever background the movie 1.is set in，the US director has a talent for bringing any character to life. Theatres are ready to 2.make a fortune because there will never be any people 3.running away halfway. His latest work Ready Player One 4.has set off people’s enthusiasm in China since it was released. The viewers just can’t 5.have enough of it，which is why the scifi adventure scored 9.2 out of 10 on Chinese movie review platform Douban.
The director 6.made up a story in 2045 about people who escape their tough reality by visiting a virtual world.The movie 7.has a connection with a deep social question：Is it possible to strike a balance between real life and virtual reality？The world of 2045 can no longer provide the social interaction and human connection.People even never 8.play a trick on each other，because they don’t 9.feel in the mood to do so.
This is a typical way Spielberg reflects both reality and humanity through his movies,10.persuading people to think about how society could possibly change to work better.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.(as if/though引导的表语从句)(2017·全国Ⅰ)
当从食物中除去脂肪和盐时，食物尝起来就好像失去了什么东西一样。
2.When we arrived at the Forbidden City，we saw a large number of people waiting in line to buy tickets.(see...doing...)
当我们到达故宫的时候，我们发现很多人在排队等候买票。
3.The little boy felt the bag，curious to know what it contained.(形容词短语作状语)
小男孩摸了摸袋子，好奇地想知道里面装的是什么。
4.He turned around in a hurry，only to find he was trapped in a town square with no easy exit.(only to do...不定式作结果状语)
他急忙转过身来，却发现自己被困在一个不容易出去的城镇广场上。
1.“雨”词汇串联
(1)pour vi.(雨)倾盆而下
(2)rainfall n.降雨量
(3)storm n.暴风雨
(4)thunderstorm n.雷雨；雷暴
(5)acid rain n.酸雨
2.“惊恐”一览
(1)frighten vt.使害怕
(2)terrify vt.使惊恐
(3)panic vt.使恐慌
(4)scare vt.惊吓
(5)shock vt.使震惊
3.“to one’s＋n.”短语集结
(1)to one’s surprise/astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
(2)to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
(3)to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(4)to one’s regret令某人遗憾的是
(5)to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
4.“捉弄、取笑”短语一览
(1)play a trick/tricks on 捉弄；取笑
(2)play a joke/jokes on捉弄；取笑
(3)make fun of取笑
(4)laugh at 嘲笑
account v.认为；说明；总计有
n.账目；说明；计算；理由
(1)account for说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
(2)on account of由于，因为
on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
take account of(＝take...into account/consideration)考虑到……，把……考虑进去
(3)accountant n.会计员；会计师
(1)According to the World Bank，China accounts for(占……) about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. (2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)They now need to take account of/take into account(考虑) the extent of firms’ data assets when assessing the impact of deals.(2017·江苏)
[句式升级]
(3)We should on no account give up the plan.(改为倒装句)
On no account should we give up the plan.
[联想发散] 表示“决不”的短语还有：in no case，at no time，in no sense，in no way，by no means，on no condition，under no circumstances等。
lie vi.说谎；躺；位于
n.谎言
(1)lie to sb.对某人说谎
lie down躺下
lie in在于
(2)tell sb.a lie对某人说谎
(1)The problem lies in deciding when to start.
(2)There was a child lying(lie) on the ground.
(3)She always lays her book on the shelf(把书放在书架上).
[根据语境用lie，lay的正确形式填空]
(4)The boy lied to his mother that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under his bed.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中lie的汉语意思
(5)The picture lay hidden in the archives(档案室) for over 40 years. A
A.处于(某种状态) B.说谎 C.躺
[词义辨析]
动词原形
意义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺；卧；位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置；产卵
laid
laid
laying
(1)be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
It’s curious that...真奇怪……
(2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
(1)Little children are curious about(对……好奇) everything.
(2)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity/curiously(好奇地).(2018·天津)
[句式升级]
(3)He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr Johnson.
(1)be terrified of对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with被……吓了一跳
(2)terror n.惊恐，恐惧
in terror惊慌地
(3)terrify vt.使恐惧，使惊吓
terrify sb.into doing...吓唬某人做……
(4)terrifying adj.令人恐惧的
(1)People ran for the exits，screaming out in terror.
(2)The gunman’s threats terrified her into handing over her money.
(3)After his terrifying(terrify) adventure，Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe to his loving family.(2017·浙江)
(1)warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb.of/about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事
warn sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不要做某事
(2)warning n.警告；警示
without warning不预先通知；突然地
(1)She has been warned of/about the danger of driving cars in the state.
(2)[同义句改写] They warned him not to swim in the lake.
→They warned him against swimming in the lake.
(3)Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning(突然地).
(2016·北京)
易错点拨 warn一般不接双宾语，若要表示警告某人会有某情况，可用warn sb.of/about sth.结构。
(1)be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
(2)determine vi.& vt.决定；确定；(使)下定决心
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon sth.决定……
(3)determination n.决心；坚定；果断
with determination坚决地；果断地
(1)Determined(determine) to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(2018·北京)
[同义句改写]
(2)I have determined to spend(spend) my holiday at home.
→I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home.
[句式升级]
(3)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to another dance.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Johnny broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
make up for弥补；补偿
be made up of由……组成(构成)
be made of/from由……制成
be made into把……制成……
be made out of由……制成
make it获得成功；准时到达
[写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思]
(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成；构成
(2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造
(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆
(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上
(5)They had a violent quarrel yesterday，but quickly made up again.和好
[一句多译]
(6)我们班由56名同学组成。
①Our class is made up of 56 students.(be made up of)
②56 students make up our class.(make up)
③Our class consists of 56 students.(consist of)
④Our class is composed of 56 students.(be composed of)
易错点拨 make up表示“组成，构成”时，其被动语态为be made up of，而不是be made up by。
“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes.几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。如果从句表一种假设的情况，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
(3)当as if/though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词又含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
(1)It seems as if/though the boy has lost his way.
那个男孩好像迷路了。
(2)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it？
打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的一样？
(3)The child talks to us as if he were(be) a grownup.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个大人似的。
(4)Papa was thinking about what he said，as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend(depend) upon it.
爸爸正在思索他说的话，好像拯救世界就靠它了。
[句式升级]
(5)He opened up his mouth as if he were to speak.(利用省略句式升级)
He opened up his mouth as if to speak.
(6)The boy is running impatiently here and there as if he is searching for something.(利用省略句式升级)
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something.
He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
only to do...不料……，反而……，结果却……，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示“意料不到的结果”，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。
(1)She took the dress excitedly out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit.
(2)European football is played in more than 80 countries，making(make) it one of the most popular games in the world.
[句式升级]
(3)The reporter hurried to the airport but found the pop star had already left.(用only to do改写)
The reporter hurried to the airport，only to find the pop star had already left.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At the start of this year，foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million，with immigrants’ children accounting(account) for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.(2017·浙江)
2．Companies could be forced(force) to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it.(2017·江苏)
3．In high school，I became curious about the computer，and built my first website.(2016·北京)
4．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity(create) would infect(感染) other students.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
5．We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination(determine)．
(2016·天津)
6．I found Jane seated(seat) at the desk，doing her assignment attentively.
7．He was buried in reading，only stopping(stop) to drink some water once in a while.
8．Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.
9．Can you tell me the trick of making the tasty meal on such a tight budget.
10．The mystery of the plane’s disappearance had been solved(solve) before he took up the post.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于个人经历)
1．马克·吐温享有19世纪最著名的美国小说家之一的美誉。
2．他的许多小说以他童年的冒险故事为背景。
3．他曾经出发到新奥尔良发财，却被迫做了一段时间的水手。(only to do 表出乎意料的结果)
4．决心描述他的冒险经历，他创作了许多受欢迎的小说。(形容词短语作状语)
5．他的小说语言生动有趣，这解释了为什么他的小说深受读者喜爱的原因。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Mark Twain 11.has established a reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century.12.Many of his novels were set in his boyhood adventures. 13.He once set off for New Orleans 14.to make a/his fortune,15.only to be forced to work as a sailor for some time.16.Determined to give an account of his adventures，he 17.created many popular novels.His language was 18.vivid and amusing，19.which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中模拟)
Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.
Her poems described conditions among the poor，racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，wife and mother.She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.
In some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem，Corners on the Curing Sky.
By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brooks’s poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.
20．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.
B．The struggles of black women.
C．The understanding about black culture.
D．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了著名女诗人格温德林·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。故选D。
21．What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?
A．She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.
B．She was good at using the language of poetry.
C．Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.
D．Her poems were mainly about the African experience.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，由此可知她善于运用诗歌语言。故选B。
22．The author develops the passage mainly by .
A．providing examples
B．using statistics
C．comparing opinions
D．describing her experiences
答案 A
解析 写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者在文中列举了诗人大量的作品，因此是通过举例子来展开叙述的。故选A。
23．In the next part，the author would most probably talk about .
A．the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet
B．the poems related to political issues
C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained
D．the racial inequality the blacks had to face
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.”可知，她的诗歌内容扩展到更宽广的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题。由此推知下文可能继续介绍她的关于政治问题的诗歌。故选B。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
Do Peru’s potatoes have the right stuff？That’s the question scientists will be asking in Lima next month，when a selection of potatoes will begin undergoing tests to determine whether they are fit to grow on Mars.
NASA，the US space agency，is conducting the pioneering experiment together with Lima’s International Potato Center.
They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Marslike conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable.Of the selected candidates,40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones，can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.They are also immune to viruses.Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion—they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.“We’re almost 100 percent certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests，”said Julio Valdivia Silva，a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist(太空生物学家) who is taking part in the ambitious project.The scientists plan to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the complex Martian atmosphere—which contains mostly carbon dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation.If the varieties selected for next month’s experiment don’t adapt to the desert soil，the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation.
In future years，NASA plans to build a Mars research center in the Peruvian desert.It would create a perfect copy of the Martian landscape and atmosphere for future research into space farming that could serve manned missions to Mars and other planets in the solar system.
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验。
24．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Transport Potatoes to Peru
B．Determine the Varieties of Potatoes in Peru
C．NASA Is to Build a Mars Research Center in Peru
D．NASA Is to Simulate Growing Potatoes on Mars in Peru
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读文章可知美国国家航空航天局(NASA)计划与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验，即在秘鲁培育可在火星上种植的土豆。故答案为D项。
25．According to the third paragraph，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water and salt.
B．Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are developed in Peru.
C．Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can stand sudden climate changes.
D．The final criterion is that all the candidates are immune to viruses on the earth.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可排除A项；根据第三段第二句可排除C项；根据第三段第五句可排除D项。故选B项。
26．The passage may be in the column of China Daily.
A．science B．sports
C．tourism D．entertainment
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。本文介绍的是美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验，属于科普类文章，故答案为A项。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·河南省豫西南部分示范性高中联考)
When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again，we overuse some muscles.And that overuse can lead to strain(劳损) and injury.Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports.But there is another cause for muscle problems：handheld technology devices.
Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great tension on your neck.Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body.Muscle strain linked to handheld technology devices has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech neck.
Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain，loss of feeling in your hands and fingers，headaches—both mild and severe—and poor posture.In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength in your hands and fingers.
You can take simple steps to improve tech neck.Take breaks from using your technology devices.Stand up and stretch your legs often.Also，give your eyes a break by closing them throughout the day.Do neck exercises.Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.
Chin(下巴) Stretch
Move your chin towards your chest.Hold for 5 seconds.The stretch should feel comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull.Repeat 10 times.
Side Lean(倾斜)
Lean your head to the right.Bring your ear close to the shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
SidetoSide Head Turning
Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then turn it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
And if your tech neck symptoms get worse，see a health care professional.
语篇解读 文章主要讲了长时间使用电子设备造成的一些颈部问题，就此专家推荐了三种颈部运动。
27．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Neck pain caused by sports.
B．Neck care done with technology devices.
C．Protection for problems with certain devices.
D．Neck problems caused by using technology devices.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“Muscle strain linked to handheld technology devices has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech neck.”可猜测出“tech neck”指的是使用电子设备造成的一些颈部问题，故选D。
28．What is the possible result of tech neck?
A．Weak fingers. B．Poor eyesight.
C．Overuse of muscles. D．Stronger neck.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength in your hands and fingers.”可知tech neck有可能造成的结果是手指无力，故选A。
29．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?
A．Shaking the head.
B．Touching the chest.
C．Moving the chin.
D．Turning in the same direction.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一个颈部运动中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个颈部运动中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知第一和第三个颈部运动的共同之处是移动下巴，故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五
How to Be More Creative Every Day
Creativity isn’t something you either have or don’t have.In fact，it is something like playing the saxophone. 30 So read on to know how.
·Be more curious.
It’s important to seek out new viewpoints every day. 31 To involve this in your daily life，make sure to keep an open mind when you’re presented with an idea，and be curious as to what else is around the corner.
·Give yourself space.
Letting every piece of information into your brain drags you from being creative.Try to apply a level of space into your everyday life. 32 It helps to lead your thinking patterns away from potential distractions(使人分心的事物)，leaving much room to have creative ideas.
·Try something new.
Frequent thinking patterns，in effect，cause you to be more likely to think the same things or make the same decisions over and over unless you get out of your comfort zone. 33 Though not always easy，it does open up a whole new world of thinking!
· 34
Social media has created an environment where we’re constantly shown whether we’ve succeeded in the form of likes or comments，which leads us to doubt ourselves.However，creativity is a journey，and you’re learning every step of the way.Honestly，you’ll learn much more from that than a straight win anyway.So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.
A．Learn from failure.
B．Remind yourself you’re good enough.
C．The 8 p．m－8 a．m. phone ban is a great way to begin.
D．Getting physical really helps to sort out your brain space.
E．But it’s not easy to feel or be automatically creative either.
F．Thus you can think and approach things from another angle.
G．Using your skills in a different area is a great way to think outside the box.
30．答案 E
解析 上文提到它有点像吹奏萨克斯，设空处应该介绍如何像萨克斯，主语应该与上文一致，但意义上转折，以便引出下文的建议。故选E项。
31．答案 F
解析 本段主题是变得更好奇。设空前提到每天寻找新的观点很重要，F项(这样你可以从不同的角度思考和处理问题)与上文一致，也与下文的“to keep an open mind”相照应。故选F项。
32．答案 C
解析 本段主题是给自己空间。本段第一句提到进入大脑的每一条信息都会阻碍你的创造性，并建议每天给自己留一定空间。空格后提出，这有助于让你的思维模式远离潜在的干扰，给创造性的思维留下更多的空间。C项(晚8点到早8点的手机禁令就是一个好的开始方式)符合上下文语境。故选C项。
33．答案 G
解析 本段主题是尝试新事物。G项(在一个不同的领域使用你的技能是跳出框架思考的一个好方法)与主题一致。故选G项。
34．答案 B
解析 本题考查段落主题。本段第一句提出在社交媒体上，我们成功与否常常会以喜欢或评论的方式呈现出来，这让我们总是怀疑自己。其中的关键词doubt表明一种不自信，再结合最后一句“So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.”可知，本段的主题是要让自己自信。故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When Heather McHugh，a poet，won a Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 44 vacation，she couldn’t 45 it；disbelief even 46 her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went with excitement，but her favorite part of the trip was being able to enjoy the 47 things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，”says Tricia.She was afraid the 48 would return when the 49 was over，but to her surprise，it hasn’t been back since.
Heather says Tricia’s 50 resembles those she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so 51 ，and the 52 is so amazing.They reflect and relax.It feels 53 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 54 ，” she adds.
语篇解读 诗人希瑟·麦克休在自己的教子夫妇生下一位有残疾的孩子后，受到很大触动。她感到照顾患有慢性病或有残疾的人会很艰辛。因此，她用作品获奖所得的奖金设立了一个非营利性组织，为那些看护慢性病患者的护理者提供放松的机会，让他们有机会好好地享受一下生活。
35．A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
答案 C
解析 设空处前提到，当希瑟·麦克休获得大奖后，她没有把钱用于购买豪车或去旅游。设空处后提到她把钱存在了银行。前后形成对比，instead意为“相反，而”，符合语境。
36．A.continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。此处是指她继续写诗。continue意为“继续”，符合语境。quit停止；practice练习，训练；start开始。
37．A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
答案 D
解析 根据下文可知，希瑟·麦克休建立了一个组织去帮助一些护理者。故此处应指在2011年，她终于决定用这笔钱做些事情。decide意为“决定”，符合语境。think over仔细考虑；wonder想知道；talk about谈论，讨论。
38．A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
答案 B
解析 根据设空处后的“their first child”可知，此处指他们迎来第一个孩子。welcome意为“欢迎，迎接”，符合语境。
39．A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
答案 C
解析 根据设空处前的“a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled”可知，希瑟的教子夫妇迎来了他们的第一个孩子，她很漂亮但是有严重残疾，再根据设空处后的“can change overnight”可知，此处指希瑟体会到那些有残疾人的家庭可能一夜之间生活就发生很大的改变。life意为“生活”，符合语境。
40．A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，希瑟看到自己的教子家庭因新出生的孩子有残疾而面临很大的困难，故而想到其他家庭可能会有类似的情况。similar意为“相似的”，符合语境。
41．A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
答案 A
解析 设空处后的“there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled”可知，有几百万护理者在看护患有慢性病或身患残疾的人，这是她发现的事实。discover意为“发现”，符合语境。
42．A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
答案 D
解析 根据设空处后的“a nonprofit organization”可知，她成立了一个非营利性组织。form意为“组成，建立”，符合语境。
43．A.taxes B．salaries
C．expenses D．rents
答案 C
解析 根据设空处前的sevenday vacation及下段内容可知，度假的费用都由该组织支付。expense意为“费用”，符合语境。tax税，税额；salary工资；rent租金，房租。
44．A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
答案 A
解析 由上文可知，这是一次免费旅行。free意为“免费的”，符合语境。caring关心他人的，体贴人的；short短的；long长的，长时间的。
45．A.believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
答案 A
解析 根据设空处后的“disbelief even her concern about leaving her two kids”可知，特里西娅接到电话时并不相信这个免费旅行的事情。believe意为“相信”，符合语境。
46．A.woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，此处指这种令人难以置信的感觉甚至战胜了她对离开两个孩子的担心。defeat意为“击败，战胜”，符合语境。wake醒来，唤醒；show表明，证明，展示；move移动。
47．A.wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
答案 D
解析 根据设空处后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，特里西娅在旅行中最喜欢的部分就是做一些很普通的日常事情，simple意为“简单的，普通的”，符合语境。wonderful精彩的，令人赞叹的；delicious美味的；peaceful和平的，安宁的。
48．A.heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
答案 A
解析 根据设空处后的“but to her surprise，it hasn’t been back since”可知，此处将假期的简单生活与平时的繁重工作进行对比，即她害怕当假期结束时，又要回归到那种繁重的工作中去。heaviness意为“沉重，繁重”，符合语境。pain疼痛，苦恼，烦恼；sadness悲伤，悲痛；disbelief不信，怀疑。
49．A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
答案 C
解析 根据上文提到的特里西娅在度假和设空处后的was over可知，此处指假期结束。vacation意为“假期”，符合语境。
50．A.comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
答案 B
解析 此处指上文讲到的特里西娅的故事(story)，故选B项。
51．A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知，在度假放松之前人们是有压力的，故选D项。
52．A.award B．change
C．scenery D．accomodation
答案 B
解析 根据设空处后的“They reflect and relax.”可知，度假前人们感到有压力，但是度假结束时，压力负担没有回来，反而很放松。因此，此处指度假前后发生了变化。change意为“变化”，符合语境。award奖，奖金；scenery风景；accomodation住处。
53．A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
答案 C
解析 这种变化令人吃惊，就像另外一个世界。magically意为“如魔法般地”，符合语境。slightly略微，稍微；interestingly有趣地；mostly主要地，通常。
54．A.place B．situation
C．height D．angle
答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的“like another world”可知，此处指这个假期给了他们一个从另一角度看生活的机会。angle意为“角度”，符合语境。place位置；situation情况，状况，形势；height高度。
Ⅵ.语法填空
In December 2013，I had to spend Christmas in 55. countryside of Nigeria with my husband’s family，who never had the tradition 56. (celebrate) this holiday.
It was my first Christmas away from America in many years，and there was a feeling of 57. (lose) in this rural village,58. there wasn’t even an atmosphere of the holiday.But in the end，I made a decision—if they could not bring Christmas to me，I would bring it to them.
My inlaws helped me look through their storage to find my old Christmas tree，which I 59. (buy) years before in Africa.I was 60. (delight) to see the ornaments(装饰物) were still there and the string of lights even worked.
I took out my classic chocolate cake recipe，and 61. (make) a wonderful dessert for the family—a little creamy，but still satisfying.On Christmas Day，I shared the spirit of giving 62. presenting relatives in the village with 63. (import) chocolates wrapped in festive gold paper.
Everyone in the family responded with such warm smiles，glowing with a Christmas joy all their own.It wasn’t Christmas like I remembered，yet it left a 64. (last) impression on me.
语篇解读 作者随丈夫回到家乡过圣诞节，但那里并没有过圣诞节的传统。于是，作者便想方设法将圣诞节带到他们身边，通过装饰圣诞树等活动，使家里有了过节的气氛。
55．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。in the countryside意为“在乡下”，为固定短语。故填the。
56．答案 to celebrate
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处作后置定语修饰前面的tradition，tradition为抽象名词，常用不定式作后置定语，故填to celebrate。
57．答案 loss
解析 考查词性转换。空格处作介词of的宾语，应用名词。故填loss。
58．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构及句意可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village；从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
59．答案 had bought
解析 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处buy这个动作先于helped这一动作发生，应用过去完成时。故填had bought。
60．答案 delighted
解析 考查词性转换。be delighted to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”，为固定表达。故填delighted。
61．答案 made
解析 考查动词的时态。此处与前面的took out为并列关系，故此处应填made。
62．答案 by
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应表示分享给予精神的方式，故用by，意为“通过……”。
63．答案 imported
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语修饰名词chocolates，且import与chocolates之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，意为“进口的巧克力”。故填imported。
64．答案 lasting
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作定语，修饰名词impression，应用形容词，lasting表示“难忘的，长久的”。故填lasting。
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Although some people don’t like using automatic hand dryers in restrooms，it may actually be argued that motionsensing hand dryers are a practical alternative to paper towels.I believe that our school would benefit from investing in automatic hand dryers in all the restrooms.
First of all，the automatic hand dryer is very sanitary(卫生的)．Instead of pulling on a lever(手柄) touched by a large number of students，users can just stick their hands under the air dryer.No bacteria can get on them because there is nothing to touch.Kids wouldn’t get sick from the paper towel dispensers(纸巾盒)．
In addition，if the school buys automatic hand dryers，we can save money.There is a terrible waste of paper towels in the restrooms.Students continuously pull on the lever for unneeded towels until the dispensers are empty.An automatic hand dryer costs about $500，with very little additional cost over time while paper towels can cost $25 a case，or about $500 a year.After just one year，it would pay for itself.
Finally，our bathroom is a paper towel mess! There are always piles of paper towels on the floor.Sometimes the extras fall from the dispenser unused.Many times kids make their used towel into a ball and aim for a basket.But if they miss the target，the paper ball stays on the floor.Paper towels leave so much litter in the restrooms that the restrooms are a mess.
People use the hand dryers for just a few seconds，and they think that automatic hand dryers don’t dry their hands as thoroughly as paper towels.However，studies have shown that when people dry their hands for at least 30 seconds，automatic dryers actually dry much better than paper towels.It is difficult to get every part of your hand dry using paper towels，but the air can if you take a few extra seconds.
As you see there are some good points，let’s install automatic hand dryers as soon as possible!
参考范文
Compared with paper towels，hand dryers have more advantages，which will benefit school in four ways.First，they are clean and healthy because bacteria can’t touch kids.Additionally，it can help school save money.Thirdly，our bathroom can be kept clean and neat.Besides，it can dry our hands more effectively if we take longer time.Therefore，school is advisable to fix the equipment at once.
基础知识默写
1.account n.账户；叙述；描写；报道 vt.认为是；解释；(数量上、比例上)占→accountant n.会计
2.shelter n.遮蔽物；栖身之地 v.保护；庇护
3.lie vi.说谎；撒谎；躺；位于 n.谎言；谎话
4.tie vt.(用绳、带等)绑，系，拴 n.领带
5.terrified adj.非常害怕的；极度恐慌的→terrifying adj.令人害怕的→terrify vt.使惊恐→terror n.惊恐，恐惧→terrorist n.恐怖分子→terrorism n.恐怖主义
6.disturb vt.打扰→disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的
7.create vt.塑造；创作→creation n.创作(物)；创造→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的→creativity n.创造力；创造性
8.determined adj.坚决的；坚定的→determine v.(使)下决心；(使)做决定→determination n.决心；果断
9.force vt.强迫；迫使 n.暴力，武力；力，力量
10.vivid adj.(描述)生动的；逼真的→vividly adv.生动地
11.solve vt.解决→solution n.解决办法
12.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心
13.fright n.恐惧；害怕→frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightening adj.令人恐惧的→frightened adj.害怕的；恐惧的
14.establish vt.建立；确立；确定→establishment n.建立；企业→established adj.著名的
15.reputation n.名誉；名望；声望
16.review n.(影视、音乐)评论
17.detective n.侦探→detect v.侦查
18.murderer n.凶手；谋杀犯→murder n.& vt.谋杀
19.companion n.同伴；伙伴→company n.公司；陪伴
20.comedy n.喜剧→tragedy(反)n.悲剧
21.fiction n.小说；虚构的文学作品；虚构或幻想出来的事
22.resemble vt.与……相似
23.shallow adj.浅的
24.pilot n.领航员；飞行员
25.exception n.例外→except prep.除了→exceptional adj.例外的；杰出的
26.adolescent n.青少年→adolescence n.青春期
27.have connection with与……有联系/有关联
28.run away(秘密地)逃跑
29.have enough of受够了……
30.persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
31.play a trick on sb.捉弄某人，对某人恶作剧
32.make up编造(说法、解释等)
33.be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.)有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
34.set (a play，novel，etc.) in设置(戏剧、小说等的)背景
35.make a/one’s fortune发财
36.set off出发；启程；引发
37.“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes.
过了几分钟，吉姆说道：“它看起来好像很快就要下沉了。”
38.It was quite dark，but I could see a man lying on the floor，tied up with rope.
四周都很黑，但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着躺在地板上。
39.He left school early，and as an adolescent，determined to make his fortune in South America.
作为一个青少年，他早早地离开学校，决心在南美洲发财。
40.He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.
他身无分文来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.What annoyed me most is that at first he insisted on the accuracy of his account(叙述)，which is obviously ridiculous.
2.She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter(栖身之地) or enough food.(2017·北京)
3.He didn’t force(强迫) me—I wanted to go there with him.
4.The change to a media economy started in 1920，when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF) established(建立) a radio factory in Hilversum.
5.Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations(名声) over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江苏)
6.The photograph vividly(vivid) shows a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume wearing a sweet smile.
7.There are solutions(solve) that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy.(2018·江苏)
8.What could these steps lead to？Curiosity(curious) got the best of me.(2018·天津)
9.At that time，hunger was a disturbing(disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside.
10.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence(adolescent)，during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.(2016·北京)
11.She is determined(determine) to carry on with her education.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
12.Arts activity demands a joint effort.It involves creation(create)，performance，and promotion.
13.After I heard the terrifying(terrify) news，nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared to death.
14.The detective(detect) who has taken charge of the case said he would not give up until the problem was solved.
15.Generally speaking，how much you enjoy your trip will depend on your choice of travelling companions(company).
Ⅱ.选词成篇
For four decades，Steven Spielberg has created a number of Hollywood boxoffice movies. Whatever background the movie 1.is set in，the US director has a talent for bringing any character to life. Theatres are ready to 2.make a fortune because there will never be any people 3.running away halfway. His latest work Ready Player One 4.has set off people’s enthusiasm in China since it was released. The viewers just can’t 5.have enough of it，which is why the scifi adventure scored 9.2 out of 10 on Chinese movie review platform Douban.
The director 6.made up a story in 2045 about people who escape their tough reality by visiting a virtual world.The movie 7.has a connection with a deep social question：Is it possible to strike a balance between real life and virtual reality？The world of 2045 can no longer provide the social interaction and human connection.People even never 8.play a trick on each other，because they don’t 9.feel in the mood to do so.
This is a typical way Spielberg reflects both reality and humanity through his movies,10.persuading people to think about how society could possibly change to work better.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.(as if/though引导的表语从句)(2017·全国Ⅰ)
当从食物中除去脂肪和盐时，食物尝起来就好像失去了什么东西一样。
2.When we arrived at the Forbidden City，we saw a large number of people waiting in line to buy tickets.(see...doing...)
当我们到达故宫的时候，我们发现很多人在排队等候买票。
3.The little boy felt the bag，curious to know what it contained.(形容词短语作状语)
小男孩摸了摸袋子，好奇地想知道里面装的是什么。
4.He turned around in a hurry，only to find he was trapped in a town square with no easy exit.(only to do...不定式作结果状语)
他急忙转过身来，却发现自己被困在一个不容易出去的城镇广场上。
1.“雨”词汇串联
(1)pour vi.(雨)倾盆而下
(2)rainfall n.降雨量
(3)storm n.暴风雨
(4)thunderstorm n.雷雨；雷暴
(5)acid rain n.酸雨
2.“惊恐”一览
(1)frighten vt.使害怕
(2)terrify vt.使惊恐
(3)panic vt.使恐慌
(4)scare vt.惊吓
(5)shock vt.使震惊
3.“to one’s＋n.”短语集结
(1)to one’s surprise/astonishment 令某人惊讶的是
(2)to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
(3)to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(4)to one’s regret令某人遗憾的是
(5)to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
4.“捉弄、取笑”短语一览
(1)play a trick/tricks on 捉弄；取笑
(2)play a joke/jokes on捉弄；取笑
(3)make fun of取笑
(4)laugh at 嘲笑
account v.认为；说明；总计有
n.账目；说明；计算；理由
(1)account for说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
(2)on account of由于，因为
on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
take account of(＝take...into account/consideration)考虑到……，把……考虑进去
(3)accountant n.会计员；会计师
(1)According to the World Bank，China accounts for(占……) about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. (2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)They now need to take account of/take into account(考虑) the extent of firms’ data assets when assessing the impact of deals.(2017·江苏)
[句式升级]
(3)We should on no account give up the plan.(改为倒装句)
On no account should we give up the plan.
[联想发散] 表示“决不”的短语还有：in no case，at no time，in no sense，in no way，by no means，on no condition，under no circumstances等。
lie vi.说谎；躺；位于
n.谎言
(1)lie to sb.对某人说谎
lie down躺下
lie in在于
(2)tell sb.a lie对某人说谎
(1)The problem lies in deciding when to start.
(2)There was a child lying(lie) on the ground.
(3)She always lays her book on the shelf(把书放在书架上).
[根据语境用lie，lay的正确形式填空]
(4)The boy lied to his mother that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under his bed.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中lie的汉语意思
(5)The picture lay hidden in the archives(档案室) for over 40 years. A
A.处于(某种状态) B.说谎 C.躺
[词义辨析]
动词原形
意义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺；卧；位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置；产卵
laid
laid
laying
(1)be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
It’s curious that...真奇怪……
(2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
(1)Little children are curious about(对……好奇) everything.
(2)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity/curiously(好奇地).(2018·天津)
[句式升级]
(3)He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr Johnson.
(1)be terrified of对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with被……吓了一跳
(2)terror n.惊恐，恐惧
in terror惊慌地
(3)terrify vt.使恐惧，使惊吓
terrify sb.into doing...吓唬某人做……
(4)terrifying adj.令人恐惧的
(1)People ran for the exits，screaming out in terror.
(2)The gunman’s threats terrified her into handing over her money.
(3)After his terrifying(terrify) adventure，Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe to his loving family.(2017·浙江)
(1)warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb.of/about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事
warn sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不要做某事
(2)warning n.警告；警示
without warning不预先通知；突然地
(1)She has been warned of/about the danger of driving cars in the state.
(2)[同义句改写] They warned him not to swim in the lake.
→They warned him against swimming in the lake.
(3)Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning(突然地).
(2016·北京)
易错点拨 warn一般不接双宾语，若要表示警告某人会有某情况，可用warn sb.of/about sth.结构。
(1)be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态)
(2)determine vi.& vt.决定；确定；(使)下定决心
determine to do...决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon sth.决定……
(3)determination n.决心；坚定；果断
with determination坚决地；果断地
(1)Determined(determine) to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(2018·北京)
[同义句改写]
(2)I have determined to spend(spend) my holiday at home.
→I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home.
[句式升级]
(3)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to another dance.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Johnny broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.
make up for弥补；补偿
be made up of由……组成(构成)
be made of/from由……制成
be made into把……制成……
be made out of由……制成
make it获得成功；准时到达
[写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思]
(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成；构成
(2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造
(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆
(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上
(5)They had a violent quarrel yesterday，but quickly made up again.和好
[一句多译]
(6)我们班由56名同学组成。
①Our class is made up of 56 students.(be made up of)
②56 students make up our class.(make up)
③Our class consists of 56 students.(consist of)
④Our class is composed of 56 students.(be composed of)
易错点拨 make up表示“组成，构成”时，其被动语态为be made up of，而不是be made up by。
“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，”Jim said，after a couple of minutes.几分钟后，吉姆说：“看起来它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
(1)本句中as if＝as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。如果从句表一种假设的情况，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用would/could/might do。
(3)当as if/though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词又含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
(1)It seems as if/though the boy has lost his way.
那个男孩好像迷路了。
(2)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it？
打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的一样？
(3)The child talks to us as if he were(be) a grownup.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个大人似的。
(4)Papa was thinking about what he said，as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend(depend) upon it.
爸爸正在思索他说的话，好像拯救世界就靠它了。
[句式升级]
(5)He opened up his mouth as if he were to speak.(利用省略句式升级)
He opened up his mouth as if to speak.
(6)The boy is running impatiently here and there as if he is searching for something.(利用省略句式升级)
The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something.
He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.他身无分文地来到新奥尔良时，却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。
only to do...不料……，反而……，结果却……，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示“意料不到的结果”，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。
(1)She took the dress excitedly out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit.
(2)European football is played in more than 80 countries，making(make) it one of the most popular games in the world.
[句式升级]
(3)The reporter hurried to the airport but found the pop star had already left.(用only to do改写)
The reporter hurried to the airport，only to find the pop star had already left.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．At the start of this year，foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million，with immigrants’ children accounting(account) for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.(2017·浙江)
2．Companies could be forced(force) to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it.(2017·江苏)
3．In high school，I became curious about the computer，and built my first website.(2016·北京)
4．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity(create) would infect(感染) other students.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
5．We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination(determine)．
(2016·天津)
6．I found Jane seated(seat) at the desk，doing her assignment attentively.
7．He was buried in reading，only stopping(stop) to drink some water once in a while.
8．Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.
9．Can you tell me the trick of making the tasty meal on such a tight budget.
10．The mystery of the plane’s disappearance had been solved(solve) before he took up the post.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于个人经历)
1．马克·吐温享有19世纪最著名的美国小说家之一的美誉。
2．他的许多小说以他童年的冒险故事为背景。
3．他曾经出发到新奥尔良发财，却被迫做了一段时间的水手。(only to do 表出乎意料的结果)
4．决心描述他的冒险经历，他创作了许多受欢迎的小说。(形容词短语作状语)
5．他的小说语言生动有趣，这解释了为什么他的小说深受读者喜爱的原因。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Mark Twain 11.has established a reputation as one of the bestknown American writers in the nineteenth century.12.Many of his novels were set in his boyhood adventures. 13.He once set off for New Orleans 14.to make a/his fortune,15.only to be forced to work as a sailor for some time.16.Determined to give an account of his adventures，he 17.created many popular novels.His language was 18.vivid and amusing，19.which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中模拟)
Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.
Her poems described conditions among the poor，racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，wife and mother.She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.
In some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem，Corners on the Curing Sky.
By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brooks’s poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.
20．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.
B．The struggles of black women.
C．The understanding about black culture.
D．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了著名女诗人格温德林·布鲁克斯的诗歌成就及作品特点。故选D。
21．What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?
A．She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.
B．She was good at using the language of poetry.
C．Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.
D．Her poems were mainly about the African experience.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，由此可知她善于运用诗歌语言。故选B。
22．The author develops the passage mainly by .
A．providing examples
B．using statistics
C．comparing opinions
D．describing her experiences
答案 A
解析 写作手法题。通读全文可知，作者在文中列举了诗人大量的作品，因此是通过举例子来展开叙述的。故选A。
23．In the next part，the author would most probably talk about .
A．the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet
B．the poems related to political issues
C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained
D．the racial inequality the blacks had to face
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.”可知，她的诗歌内容扩展到更宽广的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题。由此推知下文可能继续介绍她的关于政治问题的诗歌。故选B。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
Do Peru’s potatoes have the right stuff？That’s the question scientists will be asking in Lima next month，when a selection of potatoes will begin undergoing tests to determine whether they are fit to grow on Mars.
NASA，the US space agency，is conducting the pioneering experiment together with Lima’s International Potato Center.
They will cultivate a hundred selected varieties in Marslike conditions that could eventually pave the way for building a dome on the Red Planet for farming the vegetable.Of the selected candidates,40 are native to the Andes Mountains，conditioned to grow in different ecological zones，can stand sudden climate changes and reproduce in rocky areas.The other 60 are improved varieties，able to survive with little water and salt.They are also immune to viruses.Those that pass the tests must meet a final criterion—they must be able not only to grow well on Mars but also reproduce in large quantities.“We’re almost 100 percent certain that many of the selected potatoes will pass the tests，”said Julio Valdivia Silva，a Peruvian NASA astrobiologist(太空生物学家) who is taking part in the ambitious project.The scientists plan to transport 100 kilos of soil to a lab in Lima that will simulate the complex Martian atmosphere—which contains mostly carbon dioxide—and expose it to extreme ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation.If the varieties selected for next month’s experiment don’t adapt to the desert soil，the researchers will introduce nutrients，which will be provided by radiation.
In future years，NASA plans to build a Mars research center in the Peruvian desert.It would create a perfect copy of the Martian landscape and atmosphere for future research into space farming that could serve manned missions to Mars and other planets in the solar system.
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验。
24．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Transport Potatoes to Peru
B．Determine the Varieties of Potatoes in Peru
C．NASA Is to Build a Mars Research Center in Peru
D．NASA Is to Simulate Growing Potatoes on Mars in Peru
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读文章可知美国国家航空航天局(NASA)计划与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验，即在秘鲁培育可在火星上种植的土豆。故答案为D项。
25．According to the third paragraph，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Forty kinds of potatoes can survive with little water and salt.
B．Many types of potatoes to be planted on Mars are developed in Peru.
C．Sixty varieties native to the Andes Mountains can stand sudden climate changes.
D．The final criterion is that all the candidates are immune to viruses on the earth.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可排除A项；根据第三段第二句可排除C项；根据第三段第五句可排除D项。故选B项。
26．The passage may be in the column of China Daily.
A．science B．sports
C．tourism D．entertainment
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。本文介绍的是美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心联手，进行一项开创性实验，属于科普类文章，故答案为A项。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·河南省豫西南部分示范性高中联考)
When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again，we overuse some muscles.And that overuse can lead to strain(劳损) and injury.Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports.But there is another cause for muscle problems：handheld technology devices.
Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great tension on your neck.Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body.Muscle strain linked to handheld technology devices has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech neck.
Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain，loss of feeling in your hands and fingers，headaches—both mild and severe—and poor posture.In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength in your hands and fingers.
You can take simple steps to improve tech neck.Take breaks from using your technology devices.Stand up and stretch your legs often.Also，give your eyes a break by closing them throughout the day.Do neck exercises.Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.
Chin(下巴) Stretch
Move your chin towards your chest.Hold for 5 seconds.The stretch should feel comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull.Repeat 10 times.
Side Lean(倾斜)
Lean your head to the right.Bring your ear close to the shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
SidetoSide Head Turning
Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then turn it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
And if your tech neck symptoms get worse，see a health care professional.
语篇解读 文章主要讲了长时间使用电子设备造成的一些颈部问题，就此专家推荐了三种颈部运动。
27．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Neck pain caused by sports.
B．Neck care done with technology devices.
C．Protection for problems with certain devices.
D．Neck problems caused by using technology devices.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“Muscle strain linked to handheld technology devices has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech neck.”可猜测出“tech neck”指的是使用电子设备造成的一些颈部问题，故选D。
28．What is the possible result of tech neck?
A．Weak fingers. B．Poor eyesight.
C．Overuse of muscles. D．Stronger neck.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength in your hands and fingers.”可知tech neck有可能造成的结果是手指无力，故选A。
29．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?
A．Shaking the head.
B．Touching the chest.
C．Moving the chin.
D．Turning in the same direction.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一个颈部运动中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个颈部运动中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知第一和第三个颈部运动的共同之处是移动下巴，故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五
How to Be More Creative Every Day
Creativity isn’t something you either have or don’t have.In fact，it is something like playing the saxophone. 30 So read on to know how.
·Be more curious.
It’s important to seek out new viewpoints every day. 31 To involve this in your daily life，make sure to keep an open mind when you’re presented with an idea，and be curious as to what else is around the corner.
·Give yourself space.
Letting every piece of information into your brain drags you from being creative.Try to apply a level of space into your everyday life. 32 It helps to lead your thinking patterns away from potential distractions(使人分心的事物)，leaving much room to have creative ideas.
·Try something new.
Frequent thinking patterns，in effect，cause you to be more likely to think the same things or make the same decisions over and over unless you get out of your comfort zone. 33 Though not always easy，it does open up a whole new world of thinking!
· 34
Social media has created an environment where we’re constantly shown whether we’ve succeeded in the form of likes or comments，which leads us to doubt ourselves.However，creativity is a journey，and you’re learning every step of the way.Honestly，you’ll learn much more from that than a straight win anyway.So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.
A．Learn from failure.
B．Remind yourself you’re good enough.
C．The 8 p．m－8 a．m. phone ban is a great way to begin.
D．Getting physical really helps to sort out your brain space.
E．But it’s not easy to feel or be automatically creative either.
F．Thus you can think and approach things from another angle.
G．Using your skills in a different area is a great way to think outside the box.
30．答案 E
解析 上文提到它有点像吹奏萨克斯，设空处应该介绍如何像萨克斯，主语应该与上文一致，但意义上转折，以便引出下文的建议。故选E项。
31．答案 F
解析 本段主题是变得更好奇。设空前提到每天寻找新的观点很重要，F项(这样你可以从不同的角度思考和处理问题)与上文一致，也与下文的“to keep an open mind”相照应。故选F项。
32．答案 C
解析 本段主题是给自己空间。本段第一句提到进入大脑的每一条信息都会阻碍你的创造性，并建议每天给自己留一定空间。空格后提出，这有助于让你的思维模式远离潜在的干扰，给创造性的思维留下更多的空间。C项(晚8点到早8点的手机禁令就是一个好的开始方式)符合上下文语境。故选C项。
33．答案 G
解析 本段主题是尝试新事物。G项(在一个不同的领域使用你的技能是跳出框架思考的一个好方法)与主题一致。故选G项。
34．答案 B
解析 本题考查段落主题。本段第一句提出在社交媒体上，我们成功与否常常会以喜欢或评论的方式呈现出来，这让我们总是怀疑自己。其中的关键词doubt表明一种不自信，再结合最后一句“So be confident and tell yourself you have already done well enough.”可知，本段的主题是要让自己自信。故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
When Heather McHugh，a poet，won a Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 44 vacation，she couldn’t 45 it；disbelief even 46 her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went with excitement，but her favorite part of the trip was being able to enjoy the 47 things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，”says Tricia.She was afraid the 48 would return when the 49 was over，but to her surprise，it hasn’t been back since.
Heather says Tricia’s 50 resembles those she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so 51 ，and the 52 is so amazing.They reflect and relax.It feels 53 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 54 ，” she adds.
语篇解读 诗人希瑟·麦克休在自己的教子夫妇生下一位有残疾的孩子后，受到很大触动。她感到照顾患有慢性病或有残疾的人会很艰辛。因此，她用作品获奖所得的奖金设立了一个非营利性组织，为那些看护慢性病患者的护理者提供放松的机会，让他们有机会好好地享受一下生活。
35．A.However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Besides
答案 C
解析 设空处前提到，当希瑟·麦克休获得大奖后，她没有把钱用于购买豪车或去旅游。设空处后提到她把钱存在了银行。前后形成对比，instead意为“相反，而”，符合语境。
36．A.continued B．quitted
C．practiced D．started
答案 A
解析 参见上题解析。此处是指她继续写诗。continue意为“继续”，符合语境。quit停止；practice练习，训练；start开始。
37．A.thought over B．wondered
C．talked about D．decided
答案 D
解析 根据下文可知，希瑟·麦克休建立了一个组织去帮助一些护理者。故此处应指在2011年，她终于决定用这笔钱做些事情。decide意为“决定”，符合语境。think over仔细考虑；wonder想知道；talk about谈论，讨论。
38．A.held B．welcomed
C．lost D．saved
答案 B
解析 根据设空处后的“their first child”可知，此处指他们迎来第一个孩子。welcome意为“欢迎，迎接”，符合语境。
39．A.feelings B．future
C．lives D．routine
答案 C
解析 根据设空处前的“a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled”可知，希瑟的教子夫妇迎来了他们的第一个孩子，她很漂亮但是有严重残疾，再根据设空处后的“can change overnight”可知，此处指希瑟体会到那些有残疾人的家庭可能一夜之间生活就发生很大的改变。life意为“生活”，符合语境。
40．A.different B．similar
C．worse D．better
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，希瑟看到自己的教子家庭因新出生的孩子有残疾而面临很大的困难，故而想到其他家庭可能会有类似的情况。similar意为“相似的”，符合语境。
41．A.discovered B．claimed
C．admitted D．felt
答案 A
解析 设空处后的“there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled”可知，有几百万护理者在看护患有慢性病或身患残疾的人，这是她发现的事实。discover意为“发现”，符合语境。
42．A.donated B．found
C．visited D．formed
答案 D
解析 根据设空处后的“a nonprofit organization”可知，她成立了一个非营利性组织。form意为“组成，建立”，符合语境。
43．A.taxes B．salaries
C．expenses D．rents
答案 C
解析 根据设空处前的sevenday vacation及下段内容可知，度假的费用都由该组织支付。expense意为“费用”，符合语境。tax税，税额；salary工资；rent租金，房租。
44．A.free B．caring
C．short D．long
答案 A
解析 由上文可知，这是一次免费旅行。free意为“免费的”，符合语境。caring关心他人的，体贴人的；short短的；long长的，长时间的。
45．A.believe B．take
C．refuse D．enjoy
答案 A
解析 根据设空处后的“disbelief even her concern about leaving her two kids”可知，特里西娅接到电话时并不相信这个免费旅行的事情。believe意为“相信”，符合语境。
46．A.woke B．defeated
C．showed D．moved
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，此处指这种令人难以置信的感觉甚至战胜了她对离开两个孩子的担心。defeat意为“击败，战胜”，符合语境。wake醒来，唤醒；show表明，证明，展示；move移动。
47．A.wonderful B．delicious
C．peaceful D．simple
答案 D
解析 根据设空处后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，特里西娅在旅行中最喜欢的部分就是做一些很普通的日常事情，simple意为“简单的，普通的”，符合语境。wonderful精彩的，令人赞叹的；delicious美味的；peaceful和平的，安宁的。
48．A.heaviness B．pain
C．sadness D．disbelief
答案 A
解析 根据设空处后的“but to her surprise，it hasn’t been back since”可知，此处将假期的简单生活与平时的繁重工作进行对比，即她害怕当假期结束时，又要回归到那种繁重的工作中去。heaviness意为“沉重，繁重”，符合语境。pain疼痛，苦恼，烦恼；sadness悲伤，悲痛；disbelief不信，怀疑。
49．A.entertainment B．dream
C．vacation D．freedom
答案 C
解析 根据上文提到的特里西娅在度假和设空处后的was over可知，此处指假期结束。vacation意为“假期”，符合语境。
50．A.comment B．story
C．surprise D．fortune
答案 B
解析 此处指上文讲到的特里西娅的故事(story)，故选B项。
51．A.worried B．confused
C．unexpected D．stressed
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知，在度假放松之前人们是有压力的，故选D项。
52．A.award B．change
C．scenery D．accomodation
答案 B
解析 根据设空处后的“They reflect and relax.”可知，度假前人们感到有压力，但是度假结束时，压力负担没有回来，反而很放松。因此，此处指度假前后发生了变化。change意为“变化”，符合语境。award奖，奖金；scenery风景；accomodation住处。
53．A.slightly B．interestingly
C．magically D．mostly
答案 C
解析 这种变化令人吃惊，就像另外一个世界。magically意为“如魔法般地”，符合语境。slightly略微，稍微；interestingly有趣地；mostly主要地，通常。
54．A.place B．situation
C．height D．angle
答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的“like another world”可知，此处指这个假期给了他们一个从另一角度看生活的机会。angle意为“角度”，符合语境。place位置；situation情况，状况，形势；height高度。
Ⅵ.语法填空
In December 2013，I had to spend Christmas in 55. countryside of Nigeria with my husband’s family，who never had the tradition 56. (celebrate) this holiday.
It was my first Christmas away from America in many years，and there was a feeling of 57. (lose) in this rural village,58. there wasn’t even an atmosphere of the holiday.But in the end，I made a decision—if they could not bring Christmas to me，I would bring it to them.
My inlaws helped me look through their storage to find my old Christmas tree，which I 59. (buy) years before in Africa.I was 60. (delight) to see the ornaments(装饰物) were still there and the string of lights even worked.
I took out my classic chocolate cake recipe，and 61. (make) a wonderful dessert for the family—a little creamy，but still satisfying.On Christmas Day，I shared the spirit of giving 62. presenting relatives in the village with 63. (import) chocolates wrapped in festive gold paper.
Everyone in the family responded with such warm smiles，glowing with a Christmas joy all their own.It wasn’t Christmas like I remembered，yet it left a 64. (last) impression on me.
语篇解读 作者随丈夫回到家乡过圣诞节，但那里并没有过圣诞节的传统。于是，作者便想方设法将圣诞节带到他们身边，通过装饰圣诞树等活动，使家里有了过节的气氛。
55．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。in the countryside意为“在乡下”，为固定短语。故填the。
56．答案 to celebrate
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处作后置定语修饰前面的tradition，tradition为抽象名词，常用不定式作后置定语，故填to celebrate。
57．答案 loss
解析 考查词性转换。空格处作介词of的宾语，应用名词。故填loss。
58．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构及句意可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village；从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
59．答案 had bought
解析 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处buy这个动作先于helped这一动作发生，应用过去完成时。故填had bought。
60．答案 delighted
解析 考查词性转换。be delighted to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”，为固定表达。故填delighted。
61．答案 made
解析 考查动词的时态。此处与前面的took out为并列关系，故此处应填made。
62．答案 by
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应表示分享给予精神的方式，故用by，意为“通过……”。
63．答案 imported
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语修饰名词chocolates，且import与chocolates之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，意为“进口的巧克力”。故填imported。
64．答案 lasting
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作定语，修饰名词impression，应用形容词，lasting表示“难忘的，长久的”。故填lasting。
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Although some people don’t like using automatic hand dryers in restrooms，it may actually be argued that motionsensing hand dryers are a practical alternative to paper towels.I believe that our school would benefit from investing in automatic hand dryers in all the restrooms.
First of all，the automatic hand dryer is very sanitary(卫生的)．Instead of pulling on a lever(手柄) touched by a large number of students，users can just stick their hands under the air dryer.No bacteria can get on them because there is nothing to touch.Kids wouldn’t get sick from the paper towel dispensers(纸巾盒)．
In addition，if the school buys automatic hand dryers，we can save money.There is a terrible waste of paper towels in the restrooms.Students continuously pull on the lever for unneeded towels until the dispensers are empty.An automatic hand dryer costs about $500，with very little additional cost over time while paper towels can cost $25 a case，or about $500 a year.After just one year，it would pay for itself.
Finally，our bathroom is a paper towel mess! There are always piles of paper towels on the floor.Sometimes the extras fall from the dispenser unused.Many times kids make their used towel into a ball and aim for a basket.But if they miss the target，the paper ball stays on the floor.Paper towels leave so much litter in the restrooms that the restrooms are a mess.
People use the hand dryers for just a few seconds，and they think that automatic hand dryers don’t dry their hands as thoroughly as paper towels.However，studies have shown that when people dry their hands for at least 30 seconds，automatic dryers actually dry much better than paper towels.It is difficult to get every part of your hand dry using paper towels，but the air can if you take a few extra seconds.
As you see there are some good points，let’s install automatic hand dryers as soon as possible!
参考范文
Compared with paper towels，hand dryers have more advantages，which will benefit school in four ways.First，they are clean and healthy because bacteria can’t touch kids.Additionally，it can help school save money.Thirdly，our bathroom can be kept clean and neat.Besides，it can dry our hands more effectively if we take longer time.Therefore，school is advisable to fix the equipment at once.
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