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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book6Module2
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基础知识默写
1.hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n.犹豫，迟疑→hesitant adj.迟疑的，犹豫的
2.direction n.方向；用法说明→direct vt.指导；指挥；adj.直接的→director n.导演
3.appeal n.吸引力，魅力；上诉；呼吁 v.呼吁；恳求；吸引；上诉→appealing adj.有吸引力的
4.gifted adj.有天才的，有天赋的→gift n.天赋；才华
5.behave v.表现，举动；使守规矩→behavio(u)r n.表现，举止
6.doubt n.& v.怀疑→doubtful adj.怀疑的
7.alarm n.惊慌，恐慌
8.burden n.负担，重负
9.awake adj.醒着的，清醒的→awaken v.醒来，唤醒
10.punish v.惩罚→punishment n.惩罚
11.marry v.结婚，娶，嫁→marriage n.婚姻→married adj.已婚的
12.overcome v.克服→overcame(过去式)→overcome(过去分词)
13.adjustment n.调整→adjust v.调整
14.possess v.拥有→possession n.拥有；所有物，财产
15.sorrow n.悲哀，伤心，苦难
16.vanish v.消失
17.power n.力量；能力；电 v.提供动力→powerful adj.强有力的→powerless adj.无力的
18.heroine n.(小说、电影中的)女主角→hero n.(小说、电影中的)男主角；英雄→heroic adj.英勇的
19.invisible adj.看不见的→visible(反)adj.有形的；看得见的
20.definitely adv.确定地，一定地→definite adj.确定的，一定的；清楚的，明显的
21.bite v.咬，咬伤→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词)
22.magical adj.魔法的；不可思议的→magic n.魔法；法术→magician n.魔术师
23.exhaustion n.疲惫，精疲力竭→exhaust vt.使疲惫→exhausted adj.感到疲惫的→exhausting adj.令人疲惫的
24.bend v.弯腰，屈身 n.拐弯，弯道→bent(过去式)→bent(过去分词)
25.edge n.边，边缘
26.anecdote n.趣闻，轶事
27.roughly adv.大概地，粗略地→rough adj.粗糙的，粗略的
28.automatic adj.自动的，习惯性的，自然发生的→automatically adv.自动地
29.distribute v.(书报的)发行；分配，分发→distribution n.分配 分布
30.accumulate v.积累，积聚→accumulation n.积累，积聚
31.deposit n.存款；定金
32.attain v.达到，得到
33.stubborn adj.顽固的，顽强的，坚持的
34.play an important part in在……中起重要作用，对……有重要影响
35.put down放下；记下，写下
36.hold out伸出
37.come up to朝……走过来
38.turn away走开
39.fix on 注视，凝视
40.look around for 四处寻找
41.(be) associated with与……有联系，与……联系在一起
42.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣
43.(be) restricted to限于
44.ahead of在……前面
45.look back over one’s shoulder回头看
46.set out出发，动身
47.catch a glimpse of瞥见
48.Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.
然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。
49.Just beside him was that bare patch in the air.
空气中的那个空洞就在他身边。
50.On/Upon returning to the palace，the king marries the woman.
国王一回到宫殿，就和那位女士结婚了。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.But the urge would no doubt(怀疑) be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018·北京)
2.Exercising makes you more awake(清醒的) and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.We must hold out and believe we can overcome(克服) the difficulties.
4.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow(悲伤)，life and death，and everything else in between.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden(负担) you will put on your body at night.
6.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavio(u)r(behave).(2018·浙江)
7.Even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits，news about our instructor was appealing(appeal) enough to me.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
8.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions(direct).
9.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage(marry) and was healthier.
10.The distribution(distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven(不均匀的).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
11.Repairing our possessions(possess) and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
12.Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
13.They can automatically(automatic) deliver CPR(心肺复苏术) movement to continue blood movement around the body.
14.In the novel，The Monkey King is described as a heroic(hero) character in his pursuit of freedom.
15.Roughly(rough) speaking，it costs less than half as much to travel by aeroplane today.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
look around for，set out，catch a glimpse of，be restricted to，appeal to，play an important part in，turn away
“Magical realism(魔幻现实主义)” 1.appeals to the readers who know Gabriel Garcia Marquez(加西亚·马尔克斯)，the Columbian writer famous for his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude(《百年孤独》)，might understand what the term means.Garcia Marquez’s book 2.plays an important part in inspiring the fashion for this kind of writing，where you will 3.catch a glimpse of the “impossible”.If you 4.set out reading Garcia Marquez’s book，it was like falling asleep and finding yourself in the strangest dreams.Those who 5.look around for documentary literature may get disappointed，and 6.turn away from Marquez’s works，because documentary literature 7.are restricted to the reality only.
put down，come up to，fix on，(be) associated with，ahead of，hold out，look back over one’s shoulder
As Marquez 8.puts down in his books，fish can swim in the air and figures(人物) grow flowers in their false teeth.Garcia Marquez’s fantastical style is really 9.ahead of our time.The novel may be full of the most fantastical incidents，but it 10.is associated with reality.It 11.fixes on the tale of the small and isolated(与世隔绝的) town of Macondo.The town is caught in a traditional way of life，with no one 12.holding out his hand to help.Macondo suffers from colonization(殖民化) and liberation never seems to 13.come up to it.The story comes to a sudden end and if you try to 14.look back over your shoulder for the past，you will only find the one hundred years of solitude.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.The night being dark and frosty，he wrapped himself up with great care.(“名词＋形容词”构成的独立主格结构)
夜晚又黑又冷，他小心翼翼地把自己裹起来。
2.In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor，who is
recognized as the leading researcher in the field.(介词短语位于句首引起的倒装)
在演讲大厅的前面坐着一位教授，他被认为是该研究领域的领军人物。
3.On/Upon hearing the news through the telephone，she picked up her medical kit and dashed out of the door.(on/upon doing...)
从电话里一听到这个消息，她就拿起药箱冲出了门。
1.possess形近词小结
(1)possess v.拥有；占有
(2)possession n.财产；所有物
(3)access n.使用……的权利
(4)assess v.评估
(5)assessment n.评估
2.加前缀in变为反义词的形容词一览
(1)correct→incorrect
(2)visible→invisible
(3)direct→indirect
(4)capable→incapable
(5)formal→informal
3.part短语家族
(1)play a part in在……中起作用
(2)play the part of扮演……的角色
(3)take part in参加；参与
(4)take an active part in积极参加
(5)take sb.’s part站在某人一边
4.“注视”大团圆
(1)stare at凝视；盯着看
(2)fix on注视；凝视
(3)keep one’s eyes on注视；盯着看
(4)fix one’s eyes on盯着看
(5)peer at凝视
(1)behave oneself行为规矩；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差
(2)behavio(u)r n.行为；举止；习性
(1)Behave yourself(you)；do not make a fool of yourself.
(2)She behaves towards/to me more like a friend than a mother.
(3)I am by no means pleased with this behavio(u)r(behave).
(1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n.犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
(1)I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.Don’t hesitate to let(let) me know if you have any difficulties.
(2)[一句多译] 我毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位。
①I didn’t hesitate to accept/about accepting the post.(hesitate)
②I accepted the post without hesitation.(hesitation)
③I had no hesitation in accepting the post.(hesitation)
(1)in every direction(＝in all directions)朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of sb.＝under sb.’s direction在某人的指导下
(2)direct v.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的
direct sb.to sp.指引某人到某处
direct sb.to do...指示/命令某人做……
(3)director n.导演；主任
directly adv.直接地；立即 conj.一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
(1)Can you direct me to the station?
(2)I went home directly(direct) I had finished my homework.
(3)When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in every direction/in all directions(朝四面八方).
[句式升级]
(4)The general directed the troops to attack.(改为复合句)
The general directed that the troops (should) attack.
(5)Under his direction we finished the work.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Directed by him，we finished the work.
易错点拨 direct表示“命令”时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
appeal n.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉
v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力
(1)appeal to sb.for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力；向某人恳求
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁/恳求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的
(1)In winter，Beijing offers the city’s funseekers many appealing(appeal) options，from royal gardens to winter resorts.(2018·皖南八校模拟)
(2)We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
(3)He appealed to/made an appeal to(呼吁) other leaders to donate for the cause.
burden vt.装载；使负担
n.[C]担子；重负；负荷
(1)burden sb./oneself with sth.(使)某人(自己)担负……某事
be burdened with sth.负担……
(2)lay a burden on sb.给某人增加负担
(1)I don’t want to lay a burden on you(给你增加负担).
[句式升级]
(2)She was burdened with five children，so she had to work day and night.
①She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden...with...改写)
②Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
turn down调低(音量)；拒绝
turn up出现；露面；调高(音量)
turn off关掉
turn out证明是；结果是；生产
turn over翻转；移交
turn to转身；求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；变成；转向；查阅
[根据语境用turn短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Much to the family’s surprise，Dennis stuck to his promise！He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.
(3)The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.
(5)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
(1)associate...with...把……和……联系起来
associate with和……交往或打交道
(2)in association with和……联合；与……有关
(1)The idea is that white coats are associated with(与……有关) scientists，who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.(2018·浙江高考压轴卷)
(2)[同义句改写] There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
①There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)
②There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(association)
On returning to the palace，the king marries the woman.国王一回到宫殿，就和那位女士结婚了。
(1)on/upon＋n./doing sth.表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)表示“一……就……”的还有：
the moment/the instant/the minute＋从句
immediately/instantly/directly/once＋从句
hardly/scarcely...when...
no sooner...than...
(3)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
[一句多译] 一到火车站他就发现火车刚刚开动。
(1)As soon as he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(2)On/Upon arriving at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(3)On/Upon his arrival at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(4)No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he found the train had just started.
(5)The moment/instant/minute he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
If so，what did you like best？如果这样的话，你最喜欢什么？
if so“如果是这样的话”，是“if it is so”的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
(1)if引导条件状语从句省略的情况还有下列几种：
if any如果有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不这样的话
(2)在时间、让步、条件、方式等状语从句中，若主、从句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
(1)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
这辆汽车的发动机听起来好像出了些问题。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽车修理厂。
(2)If necessary，please don’t hesitate to call me.
如果有必要的话，请别犹豫给我打电话。
(3)If possible，I’m going to visit some homes for the elderly in the city.
如果有可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。
(4)Although/Though (he is) old，the old man still looks energetic.虽然年龄已经很大了，但这位老人仍然看起来精力充沛。
[句式升级]
(5)If it’s not convenient，let me know what time suits you best.(用省略句改写)
→If not convenient，let me know what time suits you best.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Young maple trees getting bitten(bite) by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
2．Directly(direct) I walked into the room I smelt the strong smoke.
3．Tom went off in one direction(direct)，while the awkward customer another.
4．The typist stood there，hesitating(hesitate) over whether to fill the application form or not.
5．We waited in line for an hour，only to be turned(turn) away at the door.
6．Anyhow，Kate is a gifted female scientist who possesses(possess) high intelligence.
7．We are aware that it is necessary to make a few adjustments(adjust) about the plan.
8．The school appealed to the parents to help(help) educate their children.
9．Those responsible for these crimes must be punished(punish) severely.
10．These symptoms are particularly associated with a lack of enough sleep.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于奇幻文学)
1．毫无疑问，奇幻文学很吸引年轻人。(There is no doubt that句型)
2．下面是一个年轻人想象自己成为英雄，毫不犹豫地去拯救别人的故事。(where引导的定语从句)
3．一个有天赋的年轻人走在充溢着花香的花园里，这时他瞥见地上有个魔戒。(be doing sth. when...句型)
4．戴上戒指，他向城堡走去，发现了被巫婆用咒符镇住的女孩。(whom引导的定语从句)
5．他着手四处寻找与咒符有关的魔杖来解救这个女孩。(v.ed作定语)
6．他克服重重困难，最终找到魔杖并立刻摧毁了它。(having done作状语)
7．当女孩醒来，年轻人与女孩结了婚， 过上了幸福的生活。
8．虽然读奇幻文学很奇妙，但是，它和现实生活联系不密切。因此，年轻人还是应该关注现实世界。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．There is no doubt that fantasy literature appeals to young people.Here is a story 12.where young people imagine themselves becoming heroes，saving others without hesitation.13.A gifted young man was walking in the garden laden with the scent of flowers when he caught a glimpse of a magic ring lying on the ground.With the ring on his finger,14.he came up to the castle and spotted the girl，15.whom the witch 16.put a spell on.He 17.set out to look around for the wand 18.associated with the spell to save the girl.19.Having overcome many difficulties，he found the wand and 20.destroyed it swiftly.21.When the girl became awake，they got married and led a happy life.Though it is fantastic to read fantasy literature,22.it isn’t closely associated with real life.Therefore,23.young people should fix their attention on the real world.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2018·黑龙江哈师大附中四模)
Miss Bessie was only five feet tall，but she was the only woman strict enough to make me read Beowulf.I shall never forget the day she 24 me and persuaded me to read it.
“But Miss Bessie，” I complained，“I ain’t much 25 it.”
“Boy，” she said，“how dare you say ‘ain’t’ to me! I’ve taught you better than that.”
“Miss Bessie，” I responded，“I’m trying to be the 26 of the football team，and if I go around saying ‘it isn’t’ and ‘they aren’t’，my friends are going to laugh at me.”
“Boy，” she said，“you want to be the leader 27 you have courage.But do you know what 28 takes courage? It’s 29 to lower your standards to those of the crowd.”
Then，I 30 saying “it isn’t” and “they aren’t”，and I 31 became the leader，without losing my friends’ 32 .
Born in 1895 in poverty，Miss Bessie grew up in Athens，Alabama.She never attended university because she could not 33 it.In the local high school，she 34 a lot about Shakespeare and the great importance of 35 .“What you put in your head，” she once said，“can never be 36 by anybody.”
During her 37 44year career (职业生涯)，Miss Bessie taught hundreds of youngsters.I remember her now with 38 and affection.Miss Bessie noticed things that had nothing to do with schoolwork，but were important to a youngster’s 39 .Once a few classmates 40 my wornout overcoat，and as I was leaving school，Miss Bessie 41 me，“Carl，never worry about what you don’t have.Just make the most of what you do have—a brain.”
When Miss Bessie died in 1980，hundreds of her former 42 mourned.Many of them， 43 by Miss Bessie’s example，became excellent teachers.
24．A.praised B．scolded
C．understood D．cheated
答案 B
解析 我永远不会忘记她责备我并说服我去读它的那一天。praise称赞；scold责备；understand理解；cheat欺骗。故选B项。
25．A.worried about B．tired of
C．satisfied with D．interested in
答案 D
解析 我对它不感兴趣。be worried about担忧；be tired of厌烦；be satisfied with感到满意；be interested in对……感兴趣。故选D项。
26．A.member B．friend
C．leader D．coach
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“you want to be the leader...”可知，我想成为足球队的队长。故选C项。
27．A.because B．so
C．or D．when
答案 A
解析 你想成为领袖，因为你有勇气。此处是because引导的原因状语从句。故选A项。
28．A.naturally B．unexpectedly
C．really D．directly
答案 C
解析 但你知道真正需要勇气的是什么吗？naturally自然地；unexpectedly出乎意料地；really真正地；directly直接地。故选C项。
29．A.pretending B．refusing
C．wishing D．remembering
答案 B
解析 它就是拒绝将你的标准降低到和人群的标准一样。故选B项。pretend假装；refuse拒绝；wish希望；remember记得。
30．A.started B．preferred
C．suggested D．minded
答案 A
解析 然后，我开始说“it isn’t”和“they aren’t”。start开始；prefer更喜欢；suggest建议；mind介意。故选A项。
31．A.also B．still
C．never D．even
答案 B
解析 我仍然变成了队长，没有失去我朋友对我的尊重。also也；still仍然；never从来没有；even甚至。故选B项。
32．A.control B．help
C．trust D．respect
答案 D
解析 参考上题解析。control控制；help帮助；trust信任；respect尊重。故选D项。
33．A.afford B．finish
C．manage D．change
答案 A
解析 她从未上过大学，因为她负担不起。afford负担得起，买得起；finish完成；manage管理，控制；change改变。故选A项。
34．A.wrote B．learned
C．thought D．talked
答案 B
解析 在当地的高中，她学到了很多关于莎士比亚的知识也认识到知识的重要性。write写；learn学习；think想，认为；talk谈论。故选B项。
35．A.knowledge B．courage
C．wealth D．confidence
答案 A
解析 参考上题解析。knowledge知识；courage勇气；wealth财富；confidence自信。故选A项。
36．A.used up B．given away
C．broken down D．taken away
答案 D
解析 她曾经说过：“你装在脑子里的东西永远不会被任何人拿走。” use up用完，耗尽；give away赠送，泄密；break down出故障，坏了；take away拿走。故选D项。
37．A.boring B．difficult
C．great D．independent
答案 C
解析 在她伟大的44年的职业生涯中，Miss Bessie教了成百上千的年轻人。boring令人厌烦的；difficult困难的；great伟大的；independent独立的。故选C项。
38．A.power B．patience
C．excitement D．gratefulness
答案 D
解析 我现在带着感激和爱的心情记住她。power力量，能力；patience耐心；excitement兴奋；gratefulness感激。故选D项。
39．A.intelligence B．experience
C．health D．development
答案 D
解析 Miss Bessie注意到一些与学业无关的事情，但这些事情对孩子的成长很重要。intelligence智力；experience经验；health健康；development发展。故选D项。
40．A.checked B．made fun of
C．paid attention to D．mended
答案 B
解析 有一次，几个同学取笑我的破大衣，当我正要离开学校时，Miss Bessie鼓励我。check核对；make fun of取笑；pay attention to重视；mend修补。故选B项。
41．A.challenged B．promised
C．encouraged D．warned
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。challenge挑战；promise许诺；encourage鼓励；warn警告。故选C项。
42．A.students B．colleagues
C．families D．relatives
答案 A
解析 当Miss Bessie在1980年去世时，她的数百名以前的学生都在哀悼。故选A项。
43．A.supported B．followed
C．guided D．replaced
答案 C
解析 他们中的许多人，在Miss Bessie的榜样指导下，成为了优秀的教师。support支持；follow跟随；guide指导；replace替代。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 44. (fail)，I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 45. a debater.
In general，preparing for new debate topics usually 46. (include) brainstorming arguments，researching a solution，and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group，you might see us sitting together after school，or even all day at weekends，discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 47. (fierce) anywhere we can.
Not only are they supportive，but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics，my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything，from 48. best way of reforming(使改过自新) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However，our discussions are more than just a way 49. (practice) our debating skills.In my mind，they’re helping us to become calm and consider 50. (win) and solving real problems as well.
To me，the debating community is a great place 51. people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause，but because they care about how people from different 52. (background) can lead better lives.I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together.Indeed，my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 53. (defeat) in my last debate，I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.
语篇解读 作者参加了高中辩论赛，却在最后一场失败了。回顾在过去的几年中自己作为辩手的经历，作者很感激自己能成为辩论社的一员。它不仅提高了作者的辩论技能，而且还教会了作者遇事要冷静。
44．答案 failure
解析 考查词性转换。句意为：但是我并没有过多地关注失败，而是开始反思在过去的几年中我作为辩手的经历。设空处位于形容词性物主代词之后，作focusing on的宾语，应用名词。故填failure。
45．答案 as
解析 考查介词。见上一题句意解析。根据句意可知，设空处表示“作为”，故填介词as。
46．答案 includes
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In general和副词usually可知，设空处应用一般现在时。主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填includes。
47．答案 fiercely
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词arguing，应用副词。故填fiercely。
48．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。设空处后有形容词最高级best，故应填the。
49．答案 to practice
解析 考查非谓语动词。a way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的途径”，故填to practice。
50．答案 winning
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处作consider的宾语，应用动名词形式，且设空处和solving real problems之间为并列关系。故填winning。
51．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a great place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
52．答案 backgrounds
解析 考查名词复数。background表示“个人背景”时为可数名词，根据设空处前的different可知，应用名词复数，故填backgrounds。
53．答案 was defeated
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据in my last debate可知，设空处应用一般过去时，且主语I和defeat之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was defeated。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说，他和几个同学正在学习中国古诗。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐一本有助于学习古诗的书籍，内容包括：
1．书名：《读古诗学历史》；作者：王春水；
2．推荐理由：适宜外国读者学习古诗和了解中国历史、文化及古代生活；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：《读古诗学历史》 Read Poetry & Learn History
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry，and I’d like to recommend a book to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry，and I’d like to recommend a book to you.The book，entitled Read Poetry & Learn History by Wang Chunshui，is suitable for foreigners to learn the classical Chinese poetry.
As is known to all，China is a great country with a long history and a nation filled with classical Chinese poetry.The poems of the book can reflect the Chinese history and culture，many of which can give readers vivid pictures of the life of the ancient Chinese.
So it would be a good choice for you.I believe you will understand the poems easily and efficiently by reading it.Wish you to enjoy the book and know more about China.
Yours，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1.hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑→hesitation n.犹豫，迟疑→hesitant adj.迟疑的，犹豫的
2.direction n.方向；用法说明→direct vt.指导；指挥；adj.直接的→director n.导演
3.appeal n.吸引力，魅力；上诉；呼吁 v.呼吁；恳求；吸引；上诉→appealing adj.有吸引力的
4.gifted adj.有天才的，有天赋的→gift n.天赋；才华
5.behave v.表现，举动；使守规矩→behavio(u)r n.表现，举止
6.doubt n.& v.怀疑→doubtful adj.怀疑的
7.alarm n.惊慌，恐慌
8.burden n.负担，重负
9.awake adj.醒着的，清醒的→awaken v.醒来，唤醒
10.punish v.惩罚→punishment n.惩罚
11.marry v.结婚，娶，嫁→marriage n.婚姻→married adj.已婚的
12.overcome v.克服→overcame(过去式)→overcome(过去分词)
13.adjustment n.调整→adjust v.调整
14.possess v.拥有→possession n.拥有；所有物，财产
15.sorrow n.悲哀，伤心，苦难
16.vanish v.消失
17.power n.力量；能力；电 v.提供动力→powerful adj.强有力的→powerless adj.无力的
18.heroine n.(小说、电影中的)女主角→hero n.(小说、电影中的)男主角；英雄→heroic adj.英勇的
19.invisible adj.看不见的→visible(反)adj.有形的；看得见的
20.definitely adv.确定地，一定地→definite adj.确定的，一定的；清楚的，明显的
21.bite v.咬，咬伤→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词)
22.magical adj.魔法的；不可思议的→magic n.魔法；法术→magician n.魔术师
23.exhaustion n.疲惫，精疲力竭→exhaust vt.使疲惫→exhausted adj.感到疲惫的→exhausting adj.令人疲惫的
24.bend v.弯腰，屈身 n.拐弯，弯道→bent(过去式)→bent(过去分词)
25.edge n.边，边缘
26.anecdote n.趣闻，轶事
27.roughly adv.大概地，粗略地→rough adj.粗糙的，粗略的
28.automatic adj.自动的，习惯性的，自然发生的→automatically adv.自动地
29.distribute v.(书报的)发行；分配，分发→distribution n.分配 分布
30.accumulate v.积累，积聚→accumulation n.积累，积聚
31.deposit n.存款；定金
32.attain v.达到，得到
33.stubborn adj.顽固的，顽强的，坚持的
34.play an important part in在……中起重要作用，对……有重要影响
35.put down放下；记下，写下
36.hold out伸出
37.come up to朝……走过来
38.turn away走开
39.fix on 注视，凝视
40.look around for 四处寻找
41.(be) associated with与……有联系，与……联系在一起
42.appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣
43.(be) restricted to限于
44.ahead of在……前面
45.look back over one’s shoulder回头看
46.set out出发，动身
47.catch a glimpse of瞥见
48.Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.
然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。
49.Just beside him was that bare patch in the air.
空气中的那个空洞就在他身边。
50.On/Upon returning to the palace，the king marries the woman.
国王一回到宫殿，就和那位女士结婚了。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.But the urge would no doubt(怀疑) be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018·北京)
2.Exercising makes you more awake(清醒的) and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.We must hold out and believe we can overcome(克服) the difficulties.
4.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow(悲伤)，life and death，and everything else in between.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
5.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden(负担) you will put on your body at night.
6.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavio(u)r(behave).(2018·浙江)
7.Even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits，news about our instructor was appealing(appeal) enough to me.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
8.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions(direct).
9.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage(marry) and was healthier.
10.The distribution(distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven(不均匀的).(2018·全国Ⅰ)
11.Repairing our possessions(possess) and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
12.Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
13.They can automatically(automatic) deliver CPR(心肺复苏术) movement to continue blood movement around the body.
14.In the novel，The Monkey King is described as a heroic(hero) character in his pursuit of freedom.
15.Roughly(rough) speaking，it costs less than half as much to travel by aeroplane today.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
look around for，set out，catch a glimpse of，be restricted to，appeal to，play an important part in，turn away
“Magical realism(魔幻现实主义)” 1.appeals to the readers who know Gabriel Garcia Marquez(加西亚·马尔克斯)，the Columbian writer famous for his novel One Hundred Years of Solitude(《百年孤独》)，might understand what the term means.Garcia Marquez’s book 2.plays an important part in inspiring the fashion for this kind of writing，where you will 3.catch a glimpse of the “impossible”.If you 4.set out reading Garcia Marquez’s book，it was like falling asleep and finding yourself in the strangest dreams.Those who 5.look around for documentary literature may get disappointed，and 6.turn away from Marquez’s works，because documentary literature 7.are restricted to the reality only.
put down，come up to，fix on，(be) associated with，ahead of，hold out，look back over one’s shoulder
As Marquez 8.puts down in his books，fish can swim in the air and figures(人物) grow flowers in their false teeth.Garcia Marquez’s fantastical style is really 9.ahead of our time.The novel may be full of the most fantastical incidents，but it 10.is associated with reality.It 11.fixes on the tale of the small and isolated(与世隔绝的) town of Macondo.The town is caught in a traditional way of life，with no one 12.holding out his hand to help.Macondo suffers from colonization(殖民化) and liberation never seems to 13.come up to it.The story comes to a sudden end and if you try to 14.look back over your shoulder for the past，you will only find the one hundred years of solitude.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.The night being dark and frosty，he wrapped himself up with great care.(“名词＋形容词”构成的独立主格结构)
夜晚又黑又冷，他小心翼翼地把自己裹起来。
2.In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor，who is
recognized as the leading researcher in the field.(介词短语位于句首引起的倒装)
在演讲大厅的前面坐着一位教授，他被认为是该研究领域的领军人物。
3.On/Upon hearing the news through the telephone，she picked up her medical kit and dashed out of the door.(on/upon doing...)
从电话里一听到这个消息，她就拿起药箱冲出了门。
1.possess形近词小结
(1)possess v.拥有；占有
(2)possession n.财产；所有物
(3)access n.使用……的权利
(4)assess v.评估
(5)assessment n.评估
2.加前缀in变为反义词的形容词一览
(1)correct→incorrect
(2)visible→invisible
(3)direct→indirect
(4)capable→incapable
(5)formal→informal
3.part短语家族
(1)play a part in在……中起作用
(2)play the part of扮演……的角色
(3)take part in参加；参与
(4)take an active part in积极参加
(5)take sb.’s part站在某人一边
4.“注视”大团圆
(1)stare at凝视；盯着看
(2)fix on注视；凝视
(3)keep one’s eyes on注视；盯着看
(4)fix one’s eyes on盯着看
(5)peer at凝视
(1)behave oneself行为规矩；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差
(2)behavio(u)r n.行为；举止；习性
(1)Behave yourself(you)；do not make a fool of yourself.
(2)She behaves towards/to me more like a friend than a mother.
(3)I am by no means pleased with this behavio(u)r(behave).
(1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n.犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
(1)I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.Don’t hesitate to let(let) me know if you have any difficulties.
(2)[一句多译] 我毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位。
①I didn’t hesitate to accept/about accepting the post.(hesitate)
②I accepted the post without hesitation.(hesitation)
③I had no hesitation in accepting the post.(hesitation)
(1)in every direction(＝in all directions)朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of sb.＝under sb.’s direction在某人的指导下
(2)direct v.导演；指示；指挥 adj.直的；直接的；直率的
direct sb.to sp.指引某人到某处
direct sb.to do...指示/命令某人做……
(3)director n.导演；主任
directly adv.直接地；立即 conj.一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
(1)Can you direct me to the station?
(2)I went home directly(direct) I had finished my homework.
(3)When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in every direction/in all directions(朝四面八方).
[句式升级]
(4)The general directed the troops to attack.(改为复合句)
The general directed that the troops (should) attack.
(5)Under his direction we finished the work.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Directed by him，we finished the work.
易错点拨 direct表示“命令”时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
appeal n.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉
v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力
(1)appeal to sb.for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力；向某人恳求
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.为某事向某人呼吁/恳求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的
(1)In winter，Beijing offers the city’s funseekers many appealing(appeal) options，from royal gardens to winter resorts.(2018·皖南八校模拟)
(2)We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
(3)He appealed to/made an appeal to(呼吁) other leaders to donate for the cause.
burden vt.装载；使负担
n.[C]担子；重负；负荷
(1)burden sb./oneself with sth.(使)某人(自己)担负……某事
be burdened with sth.负担……
(2)lay a burden on sb.给某人增加负担
(1)I don’t want to lay a burden on you(给你增加负担).
[句式升级]
(2)She was burdened with five children，so she had to work day and night.
①She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden...with...改写)
②Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
turn down调低(音量)；拒绝
turn up出现；露面；调高(音量)
turn off关掉
turn out证明是；结果是；生产
turn over翻转；移交
turn to转身；求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；变成；转向；查阅
[根据语境用turn短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Much to the family’s surprise，Dennis stuck to his promise！He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.
(3)The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.
(5)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
(1)associate...with...把……和……联系起来
associate with和……交往或打交道
(2)in association with和……联合；与……有关
(1)The idea is that white coats are associated with(与……有关) scientists，who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.(2018·浙江高考压轴卷)
(2)[同义句改写] There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
①There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)
②There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(association)
On returning to the palace，the king marries the woman.国王一回到宫殿，就和那位女士结婚了。
(1)on/upon＋n./doing sth.表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)表示“一……就……”的还有：
the moment/the instant/the minute＋从句
immediately/instantly/directly/once＋从句
hardly/scarcely...when...
no sooner...than...
(3)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
[一句多译] 一到火车站他就发现火车刚刚开动。
(1)As soon as he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(2)On/Upon arriving at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(3)On/Upon his arrival at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
(4)No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he found the train had just started.
(5)The moment/instant/minute he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just started.
If so，what did you like best？如果这样的话，你最喜欢什么？
if so“如果是这样的话”，是“if it is so”的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
(1)if引导条件状语从句省略的情况还有下列几种：
if any如果有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不这样的话
(2)在时间、让步、条件、方式等状语从句中，若主、从句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
(1)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
这辆汽车的发动机听起来好像出了些问题。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽车修理厂。
(2)If necessary，please don’t hesitate to call me.
如果有必要的话，请别犹豫给我打电话。
(3)If possible，I’m going to visit some homes for the elderly in the city.
如果有可能的话，我将去探望市里的几家敬老院。
(4)Although/Though (he is) old，the old man still looks energetic.虽然年龄已经很大了，但这位老人仍然看起来精力充沛。
[句式升级]
(5)If it’s not convenient，let me know what time suits you best.(用省略句改写)
→If not convenient，let me know what time suits you best.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Young maple trees getting bitten(bite) by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
2．Directly(direct) I walked into the room I smelt the strong smoke.
3．Tom went off in one direction(direct)，while the awkward customer another.
4．The typist stood there，hesitating(hesitate) over whether to fill the application form or not.
5．We waited in line for an hour，only to be turned(turn) away at the door.
6．Anyhow，Kate is a gifted female scientist who possesses(possess) high intelligence.
7．We are aware that it is necessary to make a few adjustments(adjust) about the plan.
8．The school appealed to the parents to help(help) educate their children.
9．Those responsible for these crimes must be punished(punish) severely.
10．These symptoms are particularly associated with a lack of enough sleep.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于奇幻文学)
1．毫无疑问，奇幻文学很吸引年轻人。(There is no doubt that句型)
2．下面是一个年轻人想象自己成为英雄，毫不犹豫地去拯救别人的故事。(where引导的定语从句)
3．一个有天赋的年轻人走在充溢着花香的花园里，这时他瞥见地上有个魔戒。(be doing sth. when...句型)
4．戴上戒指，他向城堡走去，发现了被巫婆用咒符镇住的女孩。(whom引导的定语从句)
5．他着手四处寻找与咒符有关的魔杖来解救这个女孩。(v.ed作定语)
6．他克服重重困难，最终找到魔杖并立刻摧毁了它。(having done作状语)
7．当女孩醒来，年轻人与女孩结了婚， 过上了幸福的生活。
8．虽然读奇幻文学很奇妙，但是，它和现实生活联系不密切。因此，年轻人还是应该关注现实世界。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．There is no doubt that fantasy literature appeals to young people.Here is a story 12.where young people imagine themselves becoming heroes，saving others without hesitation.13.A gifted young man was walking in the garden laden with the scent of flowers when he caught a glimpse of a magic ring lying on the ground.With the ring on his finger,14.he came up to the castle and spotted the girl，15.whom the witch 16.put a spell on.He 17.set out to look around for the wand 18.associated with the spell to save the girl.19.Having overcome many difficulties，he found the wand and 20.destroyed it swiftly.21.When the girl became awake，they got married and led a happy life.Though it is fantastic to read fantasy literature,22.it isn’t closely associated with real life.Therefore,23.young people should fix their attention on the real world.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2018·黑龙江哈师大附中四模)
Miss Bessie was only five feet tall，but she was the only woman strict enough to make me read Beowulf.I shall never forget the day she 24 me and persuaded me to read it.
“But Miss Bessie，” I complained，“I ain’t much 25 it.”
“Boy，” she said，“how dare you say ‘ain’t’ to me! I’ve taught you better than that.”
“Miss Bessie，” I responded，“I’m trying to be the 26 of the football team，and if I go around saying ‘it isn’t’ and ‘they aren’t’，my friends are going to laugh at me.”
“Boy，” she said，“you want to be the leader 27 you have courage.But do you know what 28 takes courage? It’s 29 to lower your standards to those of the crowd.”
Then，I 30 saying “it isn’t” and “they aren’t”，and I 31 became the leader，without losing my friends’ 32 .
Born in 1895 in poverty，Miss Bessie grew up in Athens，Alabama.She never attended university because she could not 33 it.In the local high school，she 34 a lot about Shakespeare and the great importance of 35 .“What you put in your head，” she once said，“can never be 36 by anybody.”
During her 37 44year career (职业生涯)，Miss Bessie taught hundreds of youngsters.I remember her now with 38 and affection.Miss Bessie noticed things that had nothing to do with schoolwork，but were important to a youngster’s 39 .Once a few classmates 40 my wornout overcoat，and as I was leaving school，Miss Bessie 41 me，“Carl，never worry about what you don’t have.Just make the most of what you do have—a brain.”
When Miss Bessie died in 1980，hundreds of her former 42 mourned.Many of them， 43 by Miss Bessie’s example，became excellent teachers.
24．A.praised B．scolded
C．understood D．cheated
答案 B
解析 我永远不会忘记她责备我并说服我去读它的那一天。praise称赞；scold责备；understand理解；cheat欺骗。故选B项。
25．A.worried about B．tired of
C．satisfied with D．interested in
答案 D
解析 我对它不感兴趣。be worried about担忧；be tired of厌烦；be satisfied with感到满意；be interested in对……感兴趣。故选D项。
26．A.member B．friend
C．leader D．coach
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“you want to be the leader...”可知，我想成为足球队的队长。故选C项。
27．A.because B．so
C．or D．when
答案 A
解析 你想成为领袖，因为你有勇气。此处是because引导的原因状语从句。故选A项。
28．A.naturally B．unexpectedly
C．really D．directly
答案 C
解析 但你知道真正需要勇气的是什么吗？naturally自然地；unexpectedly出乎意料地；really真正地；directly直接地。故选C项。
29．A.pretending B．refusing
C．wishing D．remembering
答案 B
解析 它就是拒绝将你的标准降低到和人群的标准一样。故选B项。pretend假装；refuse拒绝；wish希望；remember记得。
30．A.started B．preferred
C．suggested D．minded
答案 A
解析 然后，我开始说“it isn’t”和“they aren’t”。start开始；prefer更喜欢；suggest建议；mind介意。故选A项。
31．A.also B．still
C．never D．even
答案 B
解析 我仍然变成了队长，没有失去我朋友对我的尊重。also也；still仍然；never从来没有；even甚至。故选B项。
32．A.control B．help
C．trust D．respect
答案 D
解析 参考上题解析。control控制；help帮助；trust信任；respect尊重。故选D项。
33．A.afford B．finish
C．manage D．change
答案 A
解析 她从未上过大学，因为她负担不起。afford负担得起，买得起；finish完成；manage管理，控制；change改变。故选A项。
34．A.wrote B．learned
C．thought D．talked
答案 B
解析 在当地的高中，她学到了很多关于莎士比亚的知识也认识到知识的重要性。write写；learn学习；think想，认为；talk谈论。故选B项。
35．A.knowledge B．courage
C．wealth D．confidence
答案 A
解析 参考上题解析。knowledge知识；courage勇气；wealth财富；confidence自信。故选A项。
36．A.used up B．given away
C．broken down D．taken away
答案 D
解析 她曾经说过：“你装在脑子里的东西永远不会被任何人拿走。” use up用完，耗尽；give away赠送，泄密；break down出故障，坏了；take away拿走。故选D项。
37．A.boring B．difficult
C．great D．independent
答案 C
解析 在她伟大的44年的职业生涯中，Miss Bessie教了成百上千的年轻人。boring令人厌烦的；difficult困难的；great伟大的；independent独立的。故选C项。
38．A.power B．patience
C．excitement D．gratefulness
答案 D
解析 我现在带着感激和爱的心情记住她。power力量，能力；patience耐心；excitement兴奋；gratefulness感激。故选D项。
39．A.intelligence B．experience
C．health D．development
答案 D
解析 Miss Bessie注意到一些与学业无关的事情，但这些事情对孩子的成长很重要。intelligence智力；experience经验；health健康；development发展。故选D项。
40．A.checked B．made fun of
C．paid attention to D．mended
答案 B
解析 有一次，几个同学取笑我的破大衣，当我正要离开学校时，Miss Bessie鼓励我。check核对；make fun of取笑；pay attention to重视；mend修补。故选B项。
41．A.challenged B．promised
C．encouraged D．warned
答案 C
解析 参考上题解析。challenge挑战；promise许诺；encourage鼓励；warn警告。故选C项。
42．A.students B．colleagues
C．families D．relatives
答案 A
解析 当Miss Bessie在1980年去世时，她的数百名以前的学生都在哀悼。故选A项。
43．A.supported B．followed
C．guided D．replaced
答案 C
解析 他们中的许多人，在Miss Bessie的榜样指导下，成为了优秀的教师。support支持；follow跟随；guide指导；replace替代。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 44. (fail)，I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 45. a debater.
In general，preparing for new debate topics usually 46. (include) brainstorming arguments，researching a solution，and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group，you might see us sitting together after school，or even all day at weekends，discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 47. (fierce) anywhere we can.
Not only are they supportive，but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics，my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything，from 48. best way of reforming(使改过自新) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However，our discussions are more than just a way 49. (practice) our debating skills.In my mind，they’re helping us to become calm and consider 50. (win) and solving real problems as well.
To me，the debating community is a great place 51. people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause，but because they care about how people from different 52. (background) can lead better lives.I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together.Indeed，my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 53. (defeat) in my last debate，I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.
语篇解读 作者参加了高中辩论赛，却在最后一场失败了。回顾在过去的几年中自己作为辩手的经历，作者很感激自己能成为辩论社的一员。它不仅提高了作者的辩论技能，而且还教会了作者遇事要冷静。
44．答案 failure
解析 考查词性转换。句意为：但是我并没有过多地关注失败，而是开始反思在过去的几年中我作为辩手的经历。设空处位于形容词性物主代词之后，作focusing on的宾语，应用名词。故填failure。
45．答案 as
解析 考查介词。见上一题句意解析。根据句意可知，设空处表示“作为”，故填介词as。
46．答案 includes
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In general和副词usually可知，设空处应用一般现在时。主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填includes。
47．答案 fiercely
解析 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词arguing，应用副词。故填fiercely。
48．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。设空处后有形容词最高级best，故应填the。
49．答案 to practice
解析 考查非谓语动词。a way to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的途径”，故填to practice。
50．答案 winning
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处作consider的宾语，应用动名词形式，且设空处和solving real problems之间为并列关系。故填winning。
51．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a great place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
52．答案 backgrounds
解析 考查名词复数。background表示“个人背景”时为可数名词，根据设空处前的different可知，应用名词复数，故填backgrounds。
53．答案 was defeated
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据in my last debate可知，设空处应用一般过去时，且主语I和defeat之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。故填was defeated。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说，他和几个同学正在学习中国古诗。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐一本有助于学习古诗的书籍，内容包括：
1．书名：《读古诗学历史》；作者：王春水；
2．推荐理由：适宜外国读者学习古诗和了解中国历史、文化及古代生活；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：《读古诗学历史》 Read Poetry & Learn History
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry，and I’d like to recommend a book to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry，and I’d like to recommend a book to you.The book，entitled Read Poetry & Learn History by Wang Chunshui，is suitable for foreigners to learn the classical Chinese poetry.
As is known to all，China is a great country with a long history and a nation filled with classical Chinese poetry.The poems of the book can reflect the Chinese history and culture，many of which can give readers vivid pictures of the life of the ancient Chinese.
So it would be a good choice for you.I believe you will understand the poems easily and efficiently by reading it.Wish you to enjoy the book and know more about China.
Yours，
Li Hua
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