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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book3Module5
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基础知识默写
1.equal adj.平等的 vt.等于；比得上→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等
2.importance n.重要；重要性→important adj.重要的 →unimportant adj.不重要的
3.philosopher n.哲学家→philosophy n.哲学
4.teaching n.(常作复数)教导；学说→teach v.教；教授
5.thinker n.思想家→think v.想；认为→thought n.想法
6.kindness n.善良→kind adj.善良的 n.种类
7.order n.秩序 vt.命令；订购→orderly adj.有秩序的
8.position n.职位；位置 v.把……放在恰当的位置
9.stress vt.强调→stressful adj.充满压力的→stressed adj.焦虑的；紧张的
10.adviser n.顾问→advise v.建议；劝告→advice n.建议；劝告
11.honesty n.诚实→honest adj.诚实的→honestly adv.诚实地→dishonest(反) adj.不诚实的→dishonesty n.不诚实
12.contribution n.贡献→contribute v.贡献，捐献；投稿 →contributor n.贡献者；捐助者；投稿者
13.invent vt.发明→invention n.发明→inventor n.发明家
14.soft adj.柔软的
15.fuel n.燃料
16.argument n.争论；辩论；议论→argue vi.争论；辩论；议论
17.freedom n.自由→free adj.自由的→freely adv.自由地
18.condition n.状况；条件；环境→unconditional adj.无条件的
19.influential adj.有影响的→influence n.& vt.影响
20.principle n.原则；准则
21.resign vi.辞职
22.justice n.公正
23.leather n.皮革
24.monk n.和尚
25.category n.范畴；种类
26.be similar to与……相似
27.be at war with与……交战
28.bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐
29.follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议
30.be/become famous for因……而出名
31.in some ways在某些方面
32.be different from与……不同
33.be/become interested in对……感兴趣
34.be proud of为……自豪
35.in conclusion总之
36.for the first time首先；第一次
37.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
38.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。
39.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
40.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.
19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马快。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Not only is the position(位置) of the earth changing but the earth itself is undergoing changes.
2.As we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions(条件).(2017·全国Ⅲ)
3.3D printing can reduce fuel(燃料) use and emissions.(2018·天津)
4.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser(顾问) for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
5.As for my favorite figure in Chinese history it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker(思想家) in the late Qing Dynasty.(2016·北京)
6.Founded(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7.Inventors(invent) have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
8.Learning to deal with the social world is equally(equal) important，because a college community(群体) differs from the family.(2016·北京)
9.With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance(important) of leadership and being part of a bigger task.(2018·北京)
10.He also won praise from social media users after Mr Anderson posted about the act of kindness(kind) on Facebook.(2018·北京)
11.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty(honest).(2016·全国Ⅰ)
12.Old desktop monitors and box TVs are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution(contribute) to greenhouse gas emissions.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
13.It is said that those who are stressed(stress) or working overtime are likely to put on weight.
14.She feels boxed in at the work and wishes greater freedom(free) to develop her ideas.
15.What was it that led to his argument(argue) with his wife just now?
Ⅱ.选词成篇
As a country of rich history，ancient China 1.is famous for its great contributions to modern civilization.It’s well known that China came up with many great inventions thousands of years ago，yet the creations of
Egyptians 2.are similar to those of China 3.in some ways.
This creativity was passed down through generations，as modern Egypt 4.brought up the idea of building the Suez Canal(苏伊士运河) in the 19th century.This 164kilometer—later extended to 193 kilometers—waterway,5. for the first time，cut a huge 7,000 kilometers off the journey from the North Atlantic to the Indian Ocean，making worldwide trade by sea a lot easier.
It’s perhaps this spirit of open trade that connects China and Egypt the most.Since 2014，more people in Egypt 6. have been interested in Chinese products.People 7.are proud of the close tie between the two countries.And Egypt 8.follows China’s advice to participate in the China’s Belt and Road(一带一路) project.9.In conclusion，instead of 10.being at war with each other，it’s better to cooperate with each other and strengthen the ChinaEgypt relationship for new achievements in an allround way.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.There is no doubt that it was not what she said but the way she spoke to Bruce that hurt him.(the way＋定语从句)
毫无疑问，不是她所说的话，而是她说话的方式伤害了布鲁斯。
2.There was a time when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(it/there was a time when...)
曾经有段时间，只通过体力劳动就能够谋生。
3.The reason why he made such a great achievement is that he sticks to his goals and never gives up.(the reason why...is that...)
他之所以取得如此伟大的成就，原因是他坚持自己的目标，并且从不放弃。
1.以“y”结尾的名词汇总
(1)honest→honesty 诚实
(2)difficult→difficulty 困难
(3)modest→modesty 谦虚
(4)deliver→delivery 投递
(5)recover→recovery 恢复
2.“焦虑的”大集合
(1)anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
(2)stressed adj.紧张的；焦虑的
(3)worried adj.焦急的；担心的
(4)nervous adj.神经紧张的；焦虑不安的
(5)tense adj.紧张的；焦虑的
(6)concerned adj.焦急的；担忧的
3.“at＋n.”短语集合
(1)at war处于交战状态
(2)at peace处于和平状态
(3)at work在工作
(4)at table在吃饭
(5)at rest在休息
4.“……感”一览
(1)a sense of responsibility责任感
(2)a sense of direction方向感
(3)a sense of humour幽默感
(4)a sense of achievement成就感
(5)a sense of belonging归属感
equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的
n.同等的人；相等物
v.与……相等，等于；比得上
(1)be equal to sb./sth. in在……方面比得上某人/物
be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……
(2)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比
(3)equally adv.相等地；同样地
equality n.平等
(1)Leaving aside the birth rate issue，India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality(equal) of educational opportunity.
(2)He is equal to Tom in ability.
(3)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal/are without equal(无与伦比).
[联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他短语：
be fit for，be up to，be qualified for，be adequate to
resign vt.& vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从
(1)resign from...辞去……职务
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth.听任/顺从(做)某事
(2)resignation n.辞职；放弃；顺从
(1)Mr Morgan has offered his resignation(resign) and it has been accepted.
摩根先生已经递交了辞呈，并已获准。
(2)Mr Smith resigned from the union last year.
史密斯先生去年辞去了工会的职务。
(3)In order to look after her sick mother，Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company.
为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。
(4)You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.
你们一定要耐心多等一会儿。
(1)make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献；捐款
(2)contribute v.捐献；贡献；投稿；促成；造成
contribute...to...把……贡献给……；把(时间等)投入到……；捐款；投稿
contribute to有助于；导致
(1)Would you like to make contributions/a contribution to the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
(2)We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我们希望你的建议有助于问题的解决。
(3)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.
(2018·江苏)
毫无疑问，剧院有助于该地区的发展和经济增长。
[图解助记]
in good/bad condition身体好/不好；状态好/不好
out of condition(＝in bad condition)身体不好；状态不佳
on condition that...＝under (the) condition that...在……条件下；倘若
on/under no condition决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(1)Linda didn’t get there on time because of the bad weather.Additionally，her car was in bad condition/out of condition(状况不佳). (2019·新疆乌鲁木齐一中模拟)
(2)He spoke to reporters on condition that/under(the) condition that(条件是) he was not identified.
(3)On/Under no condition must you tell them(你决不能告诉他们) the secret.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中condition的汉语意思
(4)What is the treatment for this condition？ C
A.条款 B.环境 C.疾病
易错点拨
(1)表示“环境”“情况”等，习惯上condition要用复数，表示“在……情况(环境)下”，其前可用介词in或under。
(2)表示“以……为条件”时，其前通常接介词on或under。
bring about引起；导致
bring down降低；减少
bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入
bring out使显现；阐明；出版
[写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思]
(1)Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.抚养
(2)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出
(3)Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐
(1)be proud to do...做……感到自豪
be proud that...为……而感到自豪
(2)pride n.骄傲，自豪；vt.为……骄傲
take pride in以……自豪，对……感到得意
with pride骄傲地；自豪地
pride oneself on (doing) sth.以(做)某事而自豪； 得意于(做)某事
(1)He looked at his painting with pride.
(2)He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.
(3)[一句多译] 张先生为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。
①Mr Zhang took pride in himself for not giving up.(pride n.)
②Mr Zhang was proud of himself for not giving up.(proud)
③Mr Zhang was proud that he had not given up.(proud)
Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
(1)The way that/which was put forward at the meeting was impractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
(2)Specialists can come up with new ways to solve(solve) the problem of air pollution.
专家们能够提出解决空气污染问题的新办法。
(3)[一句多译] 他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。
①He was satisfied with the way (that/in which) his parents treated and educated him.(定语从句)
②He was satisfied with his parents’ ways to treat and educate him.(不定式)
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
(1)“the reason why...is that...”句式中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。
(2)reason常见的句式：①the reason for sth./doing sth. is/was that...；②the reason why/for which...is/was that...；③the reason that/which＋定语从句＋is/was that...。
(3)判断方式：reason用作先行词时，如果从句中缺状语，则用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句；如果从句中缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
(1)The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he failed to catch the first bus.
他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。
(2)The reason why/for which he needn’t go to school is that it is Sunday today.
他不上学的原因是今天是周日。
(3)When asked about the reason for winning the competition，he owed his success to his mother.
当被问及他赢得比赛的原因时，他将他的成功归于自己的妈妈。
[句式升级]
(4)He was not admitted into a key university because he didn’t work hard enough.(用the reason why...is that...改写)
The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was that he didn’t work hard enough.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now I have two children，and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised me.
2．There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”，something that Hannah is very proud of.(2017·北京)
3．Dismissing small talk as unimportant(important) is easy，but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
4．As far as I am concerned，the reason why everyone would like to follow his advice is that he is a very influential(influence) man in the company.
5．The citizen has made great contributions(contribute) to protecting the environment.
6．The country has been at war with its neighbors for two years.
7．In general，it is also a virtue to forget and forgive，especially in such a competitive and stressful(stress) society.
8．In my opinion，honesty(honest) is the most important part of lasting friendship，which is why I hate being cheated.
9．There was a time when things were rough，but I managed to survive that period.
10．Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought(bring) up to value the sense of sharing.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于历史人物)
1．得知你对中国历史很感兴趣，对此我觉得很自豪。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句)
2．我最喜欢的中国历史人物是张衡，因为他是一个无与伦比的发明家。(the reason why...is that...)
3．他出生于公元78年，并在一个大家庭里被抚养成人，那里他学会了分享。(过去分词作状语；where引导的定语从句)
4．在他的一生中，有很多有影响力的发明，包括著名的地震仪(seismograph)。(现在分词作状语)
5．总之，他对科学和人类社会的进步做出了巨大的贡献。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
I know 11.you are interested in Chinese history，12.of which I feel very proud.13.The reason why my favorite figure in Chinese history is Zhang Heng 14.is that he was a great inventor without equal.15.Born in A．D.78，16.he was brought up in a big family,17.where he developed a sense of sharing.Throughout his life，18.he had many influential inventions，19.including the famous seismograph.20.In conclusion，he made great contributions to the progress of science and human society.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：家庭 难度星级：☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
The burst of barking suddenly woke me up.It was 2∶30 a．m.in the early morning.Wondering why Rock was making so loud noises，I decided to go to him.By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs，he was running up.I felt strange，for he had never come up the stairs，no matter what.I think that was his way of telling me，“We’ve got to go back up.”
When I got to the top of the stairs，I turned around and saw a light on，but I didn’t remember leaving one on.I walked downstairs again，and that’s when I saw fire.I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids.I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof.I then forced open the window and kicked out the screen.I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn’t slip off.It was cold，January cold.Then I started screaming for help.But help never came.
I was scared of heights，but I couldn’t let my family burn up.So I just jumped off the roof and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed.
I found our ladder，placed it against the house，and climbed back up to the roof.I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my ninemonthold with my teeth，by his little sleeper.Then I climbed down the ladder.Once on the ground，I had my little girl hold her brother，and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter.Then I went back up again and got my wife.I tried to get my dog，but he just disappeared in the black smoke.I never saw Rock alive again.
语篇解读 本文主要叙述了凌晨两点半，作者家的狗把他从睡梦中惊醒，以此告诉他，家里着火了，作者忙于帮助家人在大火中逃生而忽略了狗，等到要去解救他的狗时，狗已在火中丧生。
21．What happened to the author one early January morning?
A．His dog was injured.
B．A robbery took place.
C．His house was on fire.
D．His wife disappeared.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I walked downstairs again，and that’s when I saw fire.”可知那天早上作者家着火了。
22．The passage is mainly developed by .
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．giving examples
D．following the time order
答案 D
解析 文章结构题。根据故事的叙述过程可知作者按照起火前，抢救中，以及抢救后的顺序写的，是按时间顺序。
23．What is the passage mainly talking about?
A．My devoted friend Rock.
B．Some tips for surviving a fire.
C．How the fire broke out.
D．How my family survived a fire.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了起火前的奇怪现象，第二、三、四段描写了作者发现房子着火后，及时抢救家人的过程，所以本文主要内容为家人火中逃生的经历。
话题：自然 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·重庆巴蜀中学期中)
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals(晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot，but beautiful cave system in Naica，Mexico.These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope.Penelope Boston，who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA，the space agency of the United States，says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.If the findings are confirmed，they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions.Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area.The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep.They were once used for mining lead.Before the miners began working in the caves，the area was separated from the surface and the outside world.Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages.There are crystals covering the walls.The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool.The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs(病菌) or other damage.Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement.So scientists could not say much about the findings.But Norine Noonan，a biologist with the University of South Florida，said she believed them.“Why are we surprised？”Noonan asked.“As a biologist，I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries，such as Ukraine and the United States.These microbes appear to be impossible to kill.Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.
语篇解读 这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。
24．The existence of the ancient microbes relies on .
A．surrounding insects B．eating minerals
C．diverse plants D．absorbing air
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句中的“says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron”可知，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。故选B。
25．What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A．The temperature in the caves is quite low.
B．The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
C．The walls are covered by crystals.
D．The caves have been explored since they were formed.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第四段最后四句可知，洞穴里相当热，科学家必须穿特殊的衣服才能保持凉爽，而且研究人员每次只能工作约20分钟，然后他们就得到38摄氏度的房间里降温。由此可以推断出，洞穴里的环境很难适应。选B。
26．What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A．Neutral. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。由倒数第二段中的“She believed them”，再结合后面她说的话可知，她对这些发现是持乐观态度的。故选C。
27．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B．Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C．Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D．Scientists discover 50,000yearold “super life” in Mexico.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。故选D。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
A poor set of curtains may not just mean you wake up too early—they could also make you fat.Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds, a study shows.
Greater exposure to light at night raised both body mass index and waist size in more than 113,000 women taking part in the British study.The study followed the women for 40 years to identify root causes of breast cancer.Obesity is a known risk factor for the disease.
“The associations we saw in our study between light exposure at night and obesity are very interesting.We cannot yet tell at this stage what the reason for the associations is，but the results open up an interesting direction for research，”said Prof.Anthony Swerdlow，from the Institute of Cancer Research.“One possible explanation is that the light is interrupting the body clock，which stems from our evolutionary past(进化历程)．We were active when it was light in the day and restful when it was dark at night.”
Other research has found the effect of nighttime lighting on the body may contribute to unhappy feelings.But it’s too early to suggest that sleeping in the dark will help prevent obesity，a known risk factor for breast cancer.The findings are reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Previous research has drawn similar conclusion.A team at Ohio State University examined how nighttime light affects weight，body fat and glucose intolerance(葡萄糖过敏) in mice.They found that continuing exposure to even a little nighttime light caused increases in all three aspects.
Light changes mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle.Artificial light is known to interrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin(睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑激素)．So there is no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了夜间人造光线可能会给人们的身体带来较多的负面影响，比如肥胖、乳腺癌等。
28．What does the underlined part “piling on the pounds” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Putting pounds into a pile.
B．Filling in with pounds.
C．Making a lot of money.
D．Gaining body weight.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“...they could also make you fat.”可知，简易的窗帘可能会使你变胖，第二句承接本句，由此可猜测，piling on the pounds与“变胖”意思相近。故选D项。
29．From the passage，we know that .
A．sleeping in the dark must help prevent obesity
B．lighting at night makes people happy
C．nighttime light may affect human beings and mice
D．it is easy for women to become fat and have cancer
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段及第五段中的“...how nighttime light affects weight，body fat and glucose intolerance(葡萄糖过敏) in mice.They found that continuing exposure to even a little nighttime light caused increases in all three aspects.”可知，老鼠和人类的睡眠都可能受到夜间光线的影响。A项中的must表达太绝对；根据第四段第一句“...nighttime lighting on the body may contribute to unhappy feelings.”可知B项错误；D项内容在文中未被提及。
30．The passage is mainly about .
A．the evolutionary past of man
B．obesity and breast cancer
C．different research and conclusions
D．negative effects of nighttime light
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了夜间光线带给人身体的一些负面影响，并通过其他研究作为例子来证实此结论。故选D项。
Ⅳ.七选五
We live our lives in color from our earliest days. 31 We use it both as a badge(标记) of identity and a way of expressing our individuality through decoration.And we use different colors to send out very different messages.
People need a sense of group identity. 32 From his colorful traditional dress，other people in Peru know he comes from the Quechua community.We wear uniforms at school and work，and we dress in our favorite sports team colors to say the same thing： 33
The Huli villager in the photo is getting ready for a local festival.He’s applying the traditional colors of red，black and white to his own personal face pattern. 34 These days people are starting to experiment with brightly colored paints as well as traditional colors.In fashionconscious Europe，the “in” color changes every season.This autumn，for example，women are wearing shades of purple.
35 Packaging and labels in eyecatching colors stand out on the supermarket shelf.And companies always select the color of their brand very carefully—a calm blue for a bank stands for trust，dark green says quality，or brown and green means ecofriendliness.
A．How time flies!
B．We belong to this group.
C．Look at the schoolboy in the photo.
D．Tricks are often played somewhere.
E．Color plays a big part in everything we do.
F．Facepainting is an important part of the celebrations.
G．Marketing experts understand the power of color very well.
31．答案 E
解析 第一段为总分结构，本句总述色彩所起的作用，紧接着分解为identity，individuality和messages三个方面并进行拓展。这三个关键词又分别成为下文第二、三、四段的主题。故选E。
32．答案 C
解析 根据空后一句“From his colorful traditional dress，other people in Peru know he comes from the Quechua community.”中的代词“his”，“he”可知，待填句中应包含一个男性性别指向的词。故选C。
33．答案 B
解析 此处与首句形成前后呼应，说明人们需要一种群体的认同感和归属感。故选B。
34．答案 F
解析 本段讲述人们可以通过不同的颜色来体现个性，而面部彩绘在节日庆祝活动中就是一种展示个性的方式。空前的“a local festival”“face pattern”是重要提示。故选F。
35．答案 G
解析 本段着重讲在商业运用中，很多公司对品牌色彩深入考究以达到其营销目的，待填处为本段主题句，说明营销专家深知色彩的魅力。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
I learned this lesson a couple of years ago.That day，I took a 36 to Grand Central Station.We were driving in the 37 lane when，all of a sudden，a black car jumped out of a parking space right 38 us.My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes and almost 39 the car’s back end by just ten 40 ！
The driver of the other car，who almost caused a big accident， 41 his car and started yelling bad 42 at us.The taxi driver just smiled and 43 at the guy.And I mean he was 44 .So，I said，“Why did you just do that？This guy almost 45 your car and sent us to 46 ！” And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call “the law of the garbage truck”．
Many people are like garbage trucks.They 47 around full of garbage，full of frustration，full of 48 ，and full of disappointment.As their garbage 49 up，they need a place to dump it，and if you agree，they’ll dump it on you.When someone wants to dump their 50 on you，don’t take it 51 .You just smile，wave，wish them well，and 52 .You’ll be happy at what you do.
I started thinking，how often do I let garbage trucks run right over me？And how often do I take their garbage and 53 it to other people？That day I said，“I’m not going to do that anymore.”
What about you？What will happen in your life if you let more garbage 54 pass you by？Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with bad 55 .
语篇解读 生活中，很多人就像“垃圾车”，带着沮丧、愤怒和失望行驶在路上，还很容易把怒气撒在别人身上。遇到这种情况，我们应该微笑面对，宽容以待，毕竟生命短暂，不能每天在坏情绪中度过。
36．A.taxi B．bus
C．subway D．bike
答案 A
解析 根据首段末句中的“My taxi driver”可知，作者搭乘了一辆出租车(taxi)前往中央火车站。
37．A.flat B．wide
C．clear D．right
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，出租车司机为正确的一方，应行驶在正确的(right)车道上。flat平坦的；wide宽的；clear清楚的。
38．A.in back of B．in front of
C．beside D．beneath
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes and almost the car’s back end...”可知，一辆车从停车场冲出来，正好出现在作者他们车子的前方。in front of在……前方，符合语境。in back of在……后面；beside在……旁边；beneath在……下面。
39．A.opened B．removed
C．missed D．observed
答案 C
解析 根据设空前的“My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes”可知，两辆车差点撞上。open打开；remove移除；observe观察。
40．A.inches B．meters
C．miles D．yards
答案 A
解析 另一辆车是突然冲出来，导致两辆车差点相撞，说明两车距离非常近。inch英寸，是很短的距离，符合语境。meter米；mile英里；yard码，庭院，表示的距离都较远。
41．A.got out of B．broke away from
C．squeezed D．kicked
答案 A
解析 根据语境和设空后的“started yelling bad at us”可知，黑色车的司机从车里出来了。get out of从……出来，符合语境。break away from从……脱离；squeeze挤压；kick踢。
42．A.means B．solutions
C．languages D．words
答案 D
解析 根据设空前的yelling和bad可知，司机对我们说脏话(words)。means方法，手段；solution解决办法；language语言。
43．A.waved B．pointed
C．aimed D．glared
答案 A
解析 根据设空前的“The taxi driver just smiled”以及下文的“You just smile，wave，wish them well...”可知，出租车司机只是笑了笑，朝他挥了挥手。wave挥手，招手，符合语境。point指向；aim瞄准，力求达到；glare怒目而视。
44．A.friendly B．aggressive
C．merciful D．grateful
答案 A
解析 根据设空处前的“The taxi driver just smiled and at the guy.”以及设空处后作者的疑问可知，作者觉得出租车司机太友善了。friendly友好的，符合语境。aggressive好斗的，挑衅的，有进取心的；merciful宽大的，慈悲的；grateful感谢的，感激的。
45．A.handled B．undertook
C．ruined D．abused
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，这个人的车差点撞毁了出租车。ruin毁坏，毁掉，符合语境。handle处理；undertake承担，从事；abuse滥用。
46．A.prison B．police station
C．school D．hospital
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，那辆车突然冲出来，差点撞上了作者乘坐的出租车，由此可知，此处指那辆车差点让作者他们受伤住院(hospital)。prison监狱；police station警察局；school学校。
47．A.run B．turn
C．show D．gather
答案 A
解析 根据设空前的garbage trucks可知，他们像垃圾车一样满载着垃圾东奔西走。run around东奔西走，符合语境。turn around转过身来；show around带领……参观；gather around聚集。
48．A.imagination B．anger
C．confidence D．pride
答案 B
解析 and连接并列成分，根据设空前的full of frustration以及设空后的full of disappointment可知，此处应为表示负面情绪的怒气(anger)。imagination想象；confidence自信；pride骄傲。
49．A.puts B．piles
C．takes D．makes
答案 B
解析 根据设空后的“they need a place to dump it”可知，垃圾不断堆积，需要地方倾倒。pile堆放，堆积，符合语境。put放，放置；take带(走)；make做，制作。
50．A.happiness B．expectation
C．problems D．will
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，有些人把他们的沮丧、愤怒和失望发泄到你身上。problem问题，符合语境。happiness快乐；expectation期望；will意愿。
51．A.differently B．attentively
C．seriously D．purposefully
答案 C
解析 根据设空后的“You just smile，wave，wish them well...”可知，此处指不要和他们较真。take...seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待”，符合语境。differently不同地；attentively聚精会神地；purposefully有目的地。
52．A.fight B．weep
C．flee away D．move on
答案 D
解析 根据上文中的“don’t take it ”及下文的“Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with bad .”可知，作者认为当别人把怒气发泄在你身上时，你不用太在意，只需继续前行。move on继续前行，符合语境。fight战斗；weep哭泣；flee away 逃离。
53．A.pass B．spread
C．convey D．offer
答案 B
解析 根据设空后的“I’m not going to do that anymore.”可知，此处为把“垃圾”情绪扩散给别人。spread扩散，蔓延，符合语境。pass传递；convey表达，传达；offer主动提供，提议，出价。
54．A.collectors B．cans
C．trucks D．bags
答案 C
解析 根据上文的“the law of the garbage truck”及“Many people are like garbage trucks.”可知，此处指“垃圾车”(trucks)。
55．A.emotion B．indifference
C．hopes D．ambitions
答案 A
解析 根据语境和前文内容可知，人生太短暂，不能每天带着坏情绪醒来。emotion情绪，符合语境。indifference冷漠；hope希望；ambition野心。
Ⅵ.语法填空
There are a few different stories behind the origin of the modernday Christmas tree，although not all 56. (root) in fact.Evergreen trees were 57. (actual) used by people in winter festivals for thousands of years.During the winter solstice(冬至)，evergreens signified the coming of spring.As Christianity spread throughout Europe，the trees began to be used as a symbol for Christmas.In mystery plays in Germany，they were often used as props(支柱)，58. (decorate) with apples to represent the Garden of Eden.
One legend credits 16th century Protestant reformer Martin Luther for 59. (bring) the Christmas tree into homes.Luther was supposedly walking through the forest on the night before Christmas when he looked up to see stars shine through the tree 60. (branch)．He was so dazzled by the 61. (beauty) sight that he told his children it reminded him of Jesus and then put up 62. tree in his own home.
But it wasn’t until the mid19th century 63. the Christmas tree as we now know it became a custom.England’s Queen Victoria encouraged her husband to decorate a tree as he had back at home in 64. is now Germany.When a drawing of the royal family with their beautiful Christmas tree 65. (appear) in a London newspaper，the tradition also became popular throughout the UK and US.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们为什么要搭圣诞树以及现代圣诞树的起源。
56．答案 are rooted
解析 考查时态和语态。陈述的事实，故用一般现在时；句中主语为all，指代前文的stories，与动词root之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。故填are rooted。
57．答案 actually
解析 考查副词。用副词修饰动词used。故填actually。
58．答案 decorated
解析 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语they与decorate之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填decorated。
59．答案 bringing
解析 考查非谓语动词。介词for后接v.ing形式。故填bringing。
60．答案 branches
解析 考查名词复数。因为名词branch为可数名词，故用复数形式。故填branches。
61．答案 beautiful
解析 考查形容词。用形容词修饰名词sight。故填beautiful。
62．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。因为名词tree为可数名词，且为单数形式，故前加不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
63．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。此处考查强调句It is＋被强调的部分＋that从句。这里强调时间状语until the mid19th century。故填that。
64．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句连接词。宾语从句中缺少主语，故用连接词what引导。
65．答案 appeared
解析 考查时态。根据后句中的became提示可知，用一般过去时。故填appeared。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Nowadays，more and more young people are becoming too proud and overconfident.They think they can do everything.So they simply ignore their old parents，and believe that their parents’ experienced thoughts are out of date.Actually，I used to be one of them，but after hearing a story told by my father，I changed my mind completely.Now I would like to share it with you.
Once upon a time，there lived a young man who looked down on the old very much for the simple reason that he always thought that the old were merely useless lives that were going to wither(凋谢) in their busy life.Worse still，he also did this to his own father.
One day，it so happened that the father and the son met each other in the street.To the father’s surprise，the son suggested that they take a walk together.As they were walking，a beautiful garden with many trees and flowers in it came into their sight.
The son pointed to one of the prettiest flowers in the garden and said with great pride，“We young people are much like these fragrant flowers，so healthy，and full of spirit.But what about you oldsters？You are just like the falling leaves from the dying tree near here.”
Hearing this，the father smiled but said nothing.They continued the walking in silence.When they passed a grocery，the father stopped and went in.He bought walnuts(核桃) and showed one to his son，slowly saying，“We old people are like this walnut.It is evident that we’ve experienced many hard events in life.As a consequence，we’ve built up such a firm shell(売)，and at the same time we’ve also built up a pure inner world.For this very reason every fruit is so fullgrown.”
“But every fruit was born by a flower，” argued the son impatiently.
“Yes，but not every flower can bear fruit，” declared the father.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
What the father said touched the son greatly.
Paragraph 2：
From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf.
参考范文
What the father said touched the son greatly.It occurred to him that in fact he should try to be a flower that could bear fruit and he should also be aware that his parents weren’t useless lives or falling leaves but experienced walnuts，masterpieces of nature.In reality，they were the ones young people should appreciate forever.How he regretted what he had thought and done for the elderly，his father included as well！Being so proud of himself made him ashamed.
From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf.He stopped being proud and ignoring the old.On the contrary，he looked up to oldsters greatly，willing to accept their suggestions at any time.As a consequence，the old gradually changed their opinions about him.In addition，he got along well with his father and was ready to share his happiness and sorrow with him whenever possible.So pleased was his father with it that he smiled every time and took great pride in his son’s changes.
基础知识默写
1.equal adj.平等的 vt.等于；比得上→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等
2.importance n.重要；重要性→important adj.重要的 →unimportant adj.不重要的
3.philosopher n.哲学家→philosophy n.哲学
4.teaching n.(常作复数)教导；学说→teach v.教；教授
5.thinker n.思想家→think v.想；认为→thought n.想法
6.kindness n.善良→kind adj.善良的 n.种类
7.order n.秩序 vt.命令；订购→orderly adj.有秩序的
8.position n.职位；位置 v.把……放在恰当的位置
9.stress vt.强调→stressful adj.充满压力的→stressed adj.焦虑的；紧张的
10.adviser n.顾问→advise v.建议；劝告→advice n.建议；劝告
11.honesty n.诚实→honest adj.诚实的→honestly adv.诚实地→dishonest(反) adj.不诚实的→dishonesty n.不诚实
12.contribution n.贡献→contribute v.贡献，捐献；投稿 →contributor n.贡献者；捐助者；投稿者
13.invent vt.发明→invention n.发明→inventor n.发明家
14.soft adj.柔软的
15.fuel n.燃料
16.argument n.争论；辩论；议论→argue vi.争论；辩论；议论
17.freedom n.自由→free adj.自由的→freely adv.自由地
18.condition n.状况；条件；环境→unconditional adj.无条件的
19.influential adj.有影响的→influence n.& vt.影响
20.principle n.原则；准则
21.resign vi.辞职
22.justice n.公正
23.leather n.皮革
24.monk n.和尚
25.category n.范畴；种类
26.be similar to与……相似
27.be at war with与……交战
28.bring up养育；抚养；提出；呕吐
29.follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议
30.be/become famous for因……而出名
31.in some ways在某些方面
32.be different from与……不同
33.be/become interested in对……感兴趣
34.be proud of为……自豪
35.in conclusion总之
36.for the first time首先；第一次
37.Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
38.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。
39.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
40.Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century，and were no faster than a horse.
19世纪末时，汽车首次被使用，其速度并不比马快。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Not only is the position(位置) of the earth changing but the earth itself is undergoing changes.
2.As we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions(条件).(2017·全国Ⅲ)
3.3D printing can reduce fuel(燃料) use and emissions.(2018·天津)
4.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser(顾问) for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
5.As for my favorite figure in Chinese history it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker(思想家) in the late Qing Dynasty.(2016·北京)
6.Founded(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
7.Inventors(invent) have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
8.Learning to deal with the social world is equally(equal) important，because a college community(群体) differs from the family.(2016·北京)
9.With all the programs，teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance(important) of leadership and being part of a bigger task.(2018·北京)
10.He also won praise from social media users after Mr Anderson posted about the act of kindness(kind) on Facebook.(2018·北京)
11.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty(honest).(2016·全国Ⅰ)
12.Old desktop monitors and box TVs are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution(contribute) to greenhouse gas emissions.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
13.It is said that those who are stressed(stress) or working overtime are likely to put on weight.
14.She feels boxed in at the work and wishes greater freedom(free) to develop her ideas.
15.What was it that led to his argument(argue) with his wife just now?
Ⅱ.选词成篇
As a country of rich history，ancient China 1.is famous for its great contributions to modern civilization.It’s well known that China came up with many great inventions thousands of years ago，yet the creations of
Egyptians 2.are similar to those of China 3.in some ways.
This creativity was passed down through generations，as modern Egypt 4.brought up the idea of building the Suez Canal(苏伊士运河) in the 19th century.This 164kilometer—later extended to 193 kilometers—waterway,5. for the first time，cut a huge 7,000 kilometers off the journey from the North Atlantic to the Indian Ocean，making worldwide trade by sea a lot easier.
It’s perhaps this spirit of open trade that connects China and Egypt the most.Since 2014，more people in Egypt 6. have been interested in Chinese products.People 7.are proud of the close tie between the two countries.And Egypt 8.follows China’s advice to participate in the China’s Belt and Road(一带一路) project.9.In conclusion，instead of 10.being at war with each other，it’s better to cooperate with each other and strengthen the ChinaEgypt relationship for new achievements in an allround way.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.There is no doubt that it was not what she said but the way she spoke to Bruce that hurt him.(the way＋定语从句)
毫无疑问，不是她所说的话，而是她说话的方式伤害了布鲁斯。
2.There was a time when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(it/there was a time when...)
曾经有段时间，只通过体力劳动就能够谋生。
3.The reason why he made such a great achievement is that he sticks to his goals and never gives up.(the reason why...is that...)
他之所以取得如此伟大的成就，原因是他坚持自己的目标，并且从不放弃。
1.以“y”结尾的名词汇总
(1)honest→honesty 诚实
(2)difficult→difficulty 困难
(3)modest→modesty 谦虚
(4)deliver→delivery 投递
(5)recover→recovery 恢复
2.“焦虑的”大集合
(1)anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的
(2)stressed adj.紧张的；焦虑的
(3)worried adj.焦急的；担心的
(4)nervous adj.神经紧张的；焦虑不安的
(5)tense adj.紧张的；焦虑的
(6)concerned adj.焦急的；担忧的
3.“at＋n.”短语集合
(1)at war处于交战状态
(2)at peace处于和平状态
(3)at work在工作
(4)at table在吃饭
(5)at rest在休息
4.“……感”一览
(1)a sense of responsibility责任感
(2)a sense of direction方向感
(3)a sense of humour幽默感
(4)a sense of achievement成就感
(5)a sense of belonging归属感
equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的
n.同等的人；相等物
v.与……相等，等于；比得上
(1)be equal to sb./sth. in在……方面比得上某人/物
be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……
(2)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比
(3)equally adv.相等地；同样地
equality n.平等
(1)Leaving aside the birth rate issue，India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality(equal) of educational opportunity.
(2)He is equal to Tom in ability.
(3)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal/are without equal(无与伦比).
[联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他短语：
be fit for，be up to，be qualified for，be adequate to
resign vt.& vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从
(1)resign from...辞去……职务
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth.听任/顺从(做)某事
(2)resignation n.辞职；放弃；顺从
(1)Mr Morgan has offered his resignation(resign) and it has been accepted.
摩根先生已经递交了辞呈，并已获准。
(2)Mr Smith resigned from the union last year.
史密斯先生去年辞去了工会的职务。
(3)In order to look after her sick mother，Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company.
为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。
(4)You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.
你们一定要耐心多等一会儿。
(1)make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献；捐款
(2)contribute v.捐献；贡献；投稿；促成；造成
contribute...to...把……贡献给……；把(时间等)投入到……；捐款；投稿
contribute to有助于；导致
(1)Would you like to make contributions/a contribution to the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
(2)We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我们希望你的建议有助于问题的解决。
(3)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.
(2018·江苏)
毫无疑问，剧院有助于该地区的发展和经济增长。
[图解助记]
in good/bad condition身体好/不好；状态好/不好
out of condition(＝in bad condition)身体不好；状态不佳
on condition that...＝under (the) condition that...在……条件下；倘若
on/under no condition决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(1)Linda didn’t get there on time because of the bad weather.Additionally，her car was in bad condition/out of condition(状况不佳). (2019·新疆乌鲁木齐一中模拟)
(2)He spoke to reporters on condition that/under(the) condition that(条件是) he was not identified.
(3)On/Under no condition must you tell them(你决不能告诉他们) the secret.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中condition的汉语意思
(4)What is the treatment for this condition？ C
A.条款 B.环境 C.疾病
易错点拨
(1)表示“环境”“情况”等，习惯上condition要用复数，表示“在……情况(环境)下”，其前可用介词in或under。
(2)表示“以……为条件”时，其前通常接介词on或under。
bring about引起；导致
bring down降低；减少
bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入
bring out使显现；阐明；出版
[写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思]
(1)Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.抚养
(2)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出
(3)Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐
(1)be proud to do...做……感到自豪
be proud that...为……而感到自豪
(2)pride n.骄傲，自豪；vt.为……骄傲
take pride in以……自豪，对……感到得意
with pride骄傲地；自豪地
pride oneself on (doing) sth.以(做)某事而自豪； 得意于(做)某事
(1)He looked at his painting with pride.
(2)He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.
(3)[一句多译] 张先生为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。
①Mr Zhang took pride in himself for not giving up.(pride n.)
②Mr Zhang was proud of himself for not giving up.(proud)
③Mr Zhang was proud that he had not given up.(proud)
Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
(1)The way that/which was put forward at the meeting was impractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
(2)Specialists can come up with new ways to solve(solve) the problem of air pollution.
专家们能够提出解决空气污染问题的新办法。
(3)[一句多译] 他对父母对待和教育他的方式很满意。
①He was satisfied with the way (that/in which) his parents treated and educated him.(定语从句)
②He was satisfied with his parents’ ways to treat and educate him.(不定式)
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
(1)“the reason why...is that...”句式中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。
(2)reason常见的句式：①the reason for sth./doing sth. is/was that...；②the reason why/for which...is/was that...；③the reason that/which＋定语从句＋is/was that...。
(3)判断方式：reason用作先行词时，如果从句中缺状语，则用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句；如果从句中缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
(1)The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he failed to catch the first bus.
他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。
(2)The reason why/for which he needn’t go to school is that it is Sunday today.
他不上学的原因是今天是周日。
(3)When asked about the reason for winning the competition，he owed his success to his mother.
当被问及他赢得比赛的原因时，他将他的成功归于自己的妈妈。
[句式升级]
(4)He was not admitted into a key university because he didn’t work hard enough.(用the reason why...is that...改写)
The reason why he was not admitted into a key university was that he didn’t work hard enough.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now I have two children，and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised me.
2．There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah’s Place”，something that Hannah is very proud of.(2017·北京)
3．Dismissing small talk as unimportant(important) is easy，but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
4．As far as I am concerned，the reason why everyone would like to follow his advice is that he is a very influential(influence) man in the company.
5．The citizen has made great contributions(contribute) to protecting the environment.
6．The country has been at war with its neighbors for two years.
7．In general，it is also a virtue to forget and forgive，especially in such a competitive and stressful(stress) society.
8．In my opinion，honesty(honest) is the most important part of lasting friendship，which is why I hate being cheated.
9．There was a time when things were rough，but I managed to survive that period.
10．Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought(bring) up to value the sense of sharing.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于历史人物)
1．得知你对中国历史很感兴趣，对此我觉得很自豪。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句)
2．我最喜欢的中国历史人物是张衡，因为他是一个无与伦比的发明家。(the reason why...is that...)
3．他出生于公元78年，并在一个大家庭里被抚养成人，那里他学会了分享。(过去分词作状语；where引导的定语从句)
4．在他的一生中，有很多有影响力的发明，包括著名的地震仪(seismograph)。(现在分词作状语)
5．总之，他对科学和人类社会的进步做出了巨大的贡献。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
I know 11.you are interested in Chinese history，12.of which I feel very proud.13.The reason why my favorite figure in Chinese history is Zhang Heng 14.is that he was a great inventor without equal.15.Born in A．D.78，16.he was brought up in a big family,17.where he developed a sense of sharing.Throughout his life，18.he had many influential inventions，19.including the famous seismograph.20.In conclusion，he made great contributions to the progress of science and human society.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：家庭 难度星级：☆
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
The burst of barking suddenly woke me up.It was 2∶30 a．m.in the early morning.Wondering why Rock was making so loud noises，I decided to go to him.By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs，he was running up.I felt strange，for he had never come up the stairs，no matter what.I think that was his way of telling me，“We’ve got to go back up.”
When I got to the top of the stairs，I turned around and saw a light on，but I didn’t remember leaving one on.I walked downstairs again，and that’s when I saw fire.I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids.I grabbed a knife and cut out the plastic that covered the window to the porch roof.I then forced open the window and kicked out the screen.I got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn’t slip off.It was cold，January cold.Then I started screaming for help.But help never came.
I was scared of heights，but I couldn’t let my family burn up.So I just jumped off the roof and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed.
I found our ladder，placed it against the house，and climbed back up to the roof.I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my ninemonthold with my teeth，by his little sleeper.Then I climbed down the ladder.Once on the ground，I had my little girl hold her brother，and I went back up to the roof to get my other daughter.Then I went back up again and got my wife.I tried to get my dog，but he just disappeared in the black smoke.I never saw Rock alive again.
语篇解读 本文主要叙述了凌晨两点半，作者家的狗把他从睡梦中惊醒，以此告诉他，家里着火了，作者忙于帮助家人在大火中逃生而忽略了狗，等到要去解救他的狗时，狗已在火中丧生。
21．What happened to the author one early January morning?
A．His dog was injured.
B．A robbery took place.
C．His house was on fire.
D．His wife disappeared.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I walked downstairs again，and that’s when I saw fire.”可知那天早上作者家着火了。
22．The passage is mainly developed by .
A．analyzing causes
B．making comparisons
C．giving examples
D．following the time order
答案 D
解析 文章结构题。根据故事的叙述过程可知作者按照起火前，抢救中，以及抢救后的顺序写的，是按时间顺序。
23．What is the passage mainly talking about?
A．My devoted friend Rock.
B．Some tips for surviving a fire.
C．How the fire broke out.
D．How my family survived a fire.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了起火前的奇怪现象，第二、三、四段描写了作者发现房子着火后，及时抢救家人的过程，所以本文主要内容为家人火中逃生的经历。
话题：自然 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·重庆巴蜀中学期中)
Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals(晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.
The organisms were found in a hot，but beautiful cave system in Naica，Mexico.These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope.Penelope Boston，who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA，the space agency of the United States，says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.
She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.If the findings are confirmed，they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions.Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area.The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.
The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep.They were once used for mining lead.Before the miners began working in the caves，the area was separated from the surface and the outside world.Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages.There are crystals covering the walls.The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool.The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs(病菌) or other damage.Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.
NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement.So scientists could not say much about the findings.But Norine Noonan，a biologist with the University of South Florida，said she believed them.“Why are we surprised？”Noonan asked.“As a biologist，I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”
Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries，such as Ukraine and the United States.These microbes appear to be impossible to kill.Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.
语篇解读 这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。
24．The existence of the ancient microbes relies on .
A．surrounding insects B．eating minerals
C．diverse plants D．absorbing air
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句中的“says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron”可知，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。故选B。
25．What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage?
A．The temperature in the caves is quite low.
B．The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.
C．The walls are covered by crystals.
D．The caves have been explored since they were formed.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第四段最后四句可知，洞穴里相当热，科学家必须穿特殊的衣服才能保持凉爽，而且研究人员每次只能工作约20分钟，然后他们就得到38摄氏度的房间里降温。由此可以推断出，洞穴里的环境很难适应。选B。
26．What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?
A．Neutral. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。由倒数第二段中的“She believed them”，再结合后面她说的话可知，她对这些发现是持乐观态度的。故选C。
27．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.
B．Caves provide living environment for living organisms.
C．Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.
D．Scientists discover 50,000yearold “super life” in Mexico.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。故选D。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
A poor set of curtains may not just mean you wake up too early—they could also make you fat.Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds, a study shows.
Greater exposure to light at night raised both body mass index and waist size in more than 113,000 women taking part in the British study.The study followed the women for 40 years to identify root causes of breast cancer.Obesity is a known risk factor for the disease.
“The associations we saw in our study between light exposure at night and obesity are very interesting.We cannot yet tell at this stage what the reason for the associations is，but the results open up an interesting direction for research，”said Prof.Anthony Swerdlow，from the Institute of Cancer Research.“One possible explanation is that the light is interrupting the body clock，which stems from our evolutionary past(进化历程)．We were active when it was light in the day and restful when it was dark at night.”
Other research has found the effect of nighttime lighting on the body may contribute to unhappy feelings.But it’s too early to suggest that sleeping in the dark will help prevent obesity，a known risk factor for breast cancer.The findings are reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Previous research has drawn similar conclusion.A team at Ohio State University examined how nighttime light affects weight，body fat and glucose intolerance(葡萄糖过敏) in mice.They found that continuing exposure to even a little nighttime light caused increases in all three aspects.
Light changes mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle.Artificial light is known to interrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin(睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑激素)．So there is no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了夜间人造光线可能会给人们的身体带来较多的负面影响，比如肥胖、乳腺癌等。
28．What does the underlined part “piling on the pounds” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Putting pounds into a pile.
B．Filling in with pounds.
C．Making a lot of money.
D．Gaining body weight.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“...they could also make you fat.”可知，简易的窗帘可能会使你变胖，第二句承接本句，由此可猜测，piling on the pounds与“变胖”意思相近。故选D项。
29．From the passage，we know that .
A．sleeping in the dark must help prevent obesity
B．lighting at night makes people happy
C．nighttime light may affect human beings and mice
D．it is easy for women to become fat and have cancer
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段及第五段中的“...how nighttime light affects weight，body fat and glucose intolerance(葡萄糖过敏) in mice.They found that continuing exposure to even a little nighttime light caused increases in all three aspects.”可知，老鼠和人类的睡眠都可能受到夜间光线的影响。A项中的must表达太绝对；根据第四段第一句“...nighttime lighting on the body may contribute to unhappy feelings.”可知B项错误；D项内容在文中未被提及。
30．The passage is mainly about .
A．the evolutionary past of man
B．obesity and breast cancer
C．different research and conclusions
D．negative effects of nighttime light
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了夜间光线带给人身体的一些负面影响，并通过其他研究作为例子来证实此结论。故选D项。
Ⅳ.七选五
We live our lives in color from our earliest days. 31 We use it both as a badge(标记) of identity and a way of expressing our individuality through decoration.And we use different colors to send out very different messages.
People need a sense of group identity. 32 From his colorful traditional dress，other people in Peru know he comes from the Quechua community.We wear uniforms at school and work，and we dress in our favorite sports team colors to say the same thing： 33
The Huli villager in the photo is getting ready for a local festival.He’s applying the traditional colors of red，black and white to his own personal face pattern. 34 These days people are starting to experiment with brightly colored paints as well as traditional colors.In fashionconscious Europe，the “in” color changes every season.This autumn，for example，women are wearing shades of purple.
35 Packaging and labels in eyecatching colors stand out on the supermarket shelf.And companies always select the color of their brand very carefully—a calm blue for a bank stands for trust，dark green says quality，or brown and green means ecofriendliness.
A．How time flies!
B．We belong to this group.
C．Look at the schoolboy in the photo.
D．Tricks are often played somewhere.
E．Color plays a big part in everything we do.
F．Facepainting is an important part of the celebrations.
G．Marketing experts understand the power of color very well.
31．答案 E
解析 第一段为总分结构，本句总述色彩所起的作用，紧接着分解为identity，individuality和messages三个方面并进行拓展。这三个关键词又分别成为下文第二、三、四段的主题。故选E。
32．答案 C
解析 根据空后一句“From his colorful traditional dress，other people in Peru know he comes from the Quechua community.”中的代词“his”，“he”可知，待填句中应包含一个男性性别指向的词。故选C。
33．答案 B
解析 此处与首句形成前后呼应，说明人们需要一种群体的认同感和归属感。故选B。
34．答案 F
解析 本段讲述人们可以通过不同的颜色来体现个性，而面部彩绘在节日庆祝活动中就是一种展示个性的方式。空前的“a local festival”“face pattern”是重要提示。故选F。
35．答案 G
解析 本段着重讲在商业运用中，很多公司对品牌色彩深入考究以达到其营销目的，待填处为本段主题句，说明营销专家深知色彩的魅力。故选G。
Ⅴ.完形填空
I learned this lesson a couple of years ago.That day，I took a 36 to Grand Central Station.We were driving in the 37 lane when，all of a sudden，a black car jumped out of a parking space right 38 us.My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes and almost 39 the car’s back end by just ten 40 ！
The driver of the other car，who almost caused a big accident， 41 his car and started yelling bad 42 at us.The taxi driver just smiled and 43 at the guy.And I mean he was 44 .So，I said，“Why did you just do that？This guy almost 45 your car and sent us to 46 ！” And this is when my taxi driver told me what I now call “the law of the garbage truck”．
Many people are like garbage trucks.They 47 around full of garbage，full of frustration，full of 48 ，and full of disappointment.As their garbage 49 up，they need a place to dump it，and if you agree，they’ll dump it on you.When someone wants to dump their 50 on you，don’t take it 51 .You just smile，wave，wish them well，and 52 .You’ll be happy at what you do.
I started thinking，how often do I let garbage trucks run right over me？And how often do I take their garbage and 53 it to other people？That day I said，“I’m not going to do that anymore.”
What about you？What will happen in your life if you let more garbage 54 pass you by？Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with bad 55 .
语篇解读 生活中，很多人就像“垃圾车”，带着沮丧、愤怒和失望行驶在路上，还很容易把怒气撒在别人身上。遇到这种情况，我们应该微笑面对，宽容以待，毕竟生命短暂，不能每天在坏情绪中度过。
36．A.taxi B．bus
C．subway D．bike
答案 A
解析 根据首段末句中的“My taxi driver”可知，作者搭乘了一辆出租车(taxi)前往中央火车站。
37．A.flat B．wide
C．clear D．right
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，出租车司机为正确的一方，应行驶在正确的(right)车道上。flat平坦的；wide宽的；clear清楚的。
38．A.in back of B．in front of
C．beside D．beneath
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes and almost the car’s back end...”可知，一辆车从停车场冲出来，正好出现在作者他们车子的前方。in front of在……前方，符合语境。in back of在……后面；beside在……旁边；beneath在……下面。
39．A.opened B．removed
C．missed D．observed
答案 C
解析 根据设空前的“My taxi driver slammed(猛踩) on his brakes”可知，两辆车差点撞上。open打开；remove移除；observe观察。
40．A.inches B．meters
C．miles D．yards
答案 A
解析 另一辆车是突然冲出来，导致两辆车差点相撞，说明两车距离非常近。inch英寸，是很短的距离，符合语境。meter米；mile英里；yard码，庭院，表示的距离都较远。
41．A.got out of B．broke away from
C．squeezed D．kicked
答案 A
解析 根据语境和设空后的“started yelling bad at us”可知，黑色车的司机从车里出来了。get out of从……出来，符合语境。break away from从……脱离；squeeze挤压；kick踢。
42．A.means B．solutions
C．languages D．words
答案 D
解析 根据设空前的yelling和bad可知，司机对我们说脏话(words)。means方法，手段；solution解决办法；language语言。
43．A.waved B．pointed
C．aimed D．glared
答案 A
解析 根据设空前的“The taxi driver just smiled”以及下文的“You just smile，wave，wish them well...”可知，出租车司机只是笑了笑，朝他挥了挥手。wave挥手，招手，符合语境。point指向；aim瞄准，力求达到；glare怒目而视。
44．A.friendly B．aggressive
C．merciful D．grateful
答案 A
解析 根据设空处前的“The taxi driver just smiled and at the guy.”以及设空处后作者的疑问可知，作者觉得出租车司机太友善了。friendly友好的，符合语境。aggressive好斗的，挑衅的，有进取心的；merciful宽大的，慈悲的；grateful感谢的，感激的。
45．A.handled B．undertook
C．ruined D．abused
答案 C
解析 根据前文可知，这个人的车差点撞毁了出租车。ruin毁坏，毁掉，符合语境。handle处理；undertake承担，从事；abuse滥用。
46．A.prison B．police station
C．school D．hospital
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，那辆车突然冲出来，差点撞上了作者乘坐的出租车，由此可知，此处指那辆车差点让作者他们受伤住院(hospital)。prison监狱；police station警察局；school学校。
47．A.run B．turn
C．show D．gather
答案 A
解析 根据设空前的garbage trucks可知，他们像垃圾车一样满载着垃圾东奔西走。run around东奔西走，符合语境。turn around转过身来；show around带领……参观；gather around聚集。
48．A.imagination B．anger
C．confidence D．pride
答案 B
解析 and连接并列成分，根据设空前的full of frustration以及设空后的full of disappointment可知，此处应为表示负面情绪的怒气(anger)。imagination想象；confidence自信；pride骄傲。
49．A.puts B．piles
C．takes D．makes
答案 B
解析 根据设空后的“they need a place to dump it”可知，垃圾不断堆积，需要地方倾倒。pile堆放，堆积，符合语境。put放，放置；take带(走)；make做，制作。
50．A.happiness B．expectation
C．problems D．will
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，有些人把他们的沮丧、愤怒和失望发泄到你身上。problem问题，符合语境。happiness快乐；expectation期望；will意愿。
51．A.differently B．attentively
C．seriously D．purposefully
答案 C
解析 根据设空后的“You just smile，wave，wish them well...”可知，此处指不要和他们较真。take...seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待”，符合语境。differently不同地；attentively聚精会神地；purposefully有目的地。
52．A.fight B．weep
C．flee away D．move on
答案 D
解析 根据上文中的“don’t take it ”及下文的“Life’s too short to wake up in the morning with bad .”可知，作者认为当别人把怒气发泄在你身上时，你不用太在意，只需继续前行。move on继续前行，符合语境。fight战斗；weep哭泣；flee away 逃离。
53．A.pass B．spread
C．convey D．offer
答案 B
解析 根据设空后的“I’m not going to do that anymore.”可知，此处为把“垃圾”情绪扩散给别人。spread扩散，蔓延，符合语境。pass传递；convey表达，传达；offer主动提供，提议，出价。
54．A.collectors B．cans
C．trucks D．bags
答案 C
解析 根据上文的“the law of the garbage truck”及“Many people are like garbage trucks.”可知，此处指“垃圾车”(trucks)。
55．A.emotion B．indifference
C．hopes D．ambitions
答案 A
解析 根据语境和前文内容可知，人生太短暂，不能每天带着坏情绪醒来。emotion情绪，符合语境。indifference冷漠；hope希望；ambition野心。
Ⅵ.语法填空
There are a few different stories behind the origin of the modernday Christmas tree，although not all 56. (root) in fact.Evergreen trees were 57. (actual) used by people in winter festivals for thousands of years.During the winter solstice(冬至)，evergreens signified the coming of spring.As Christianity spread throughout Europe，the trees began to be used as a symbol for Christmas.In mystery plays in Germany，they were often used as props(支柱)，58. (decorate) with apples to represent the Garden of Eden.
One legend credits 16th century Protestant reformer Martin Luther for 59. (bring) the Christmas tree into homes.Luther was supposedly walking through the forest on the night before Christmas when he looked up to see stars shine through the tree 60. (branch)．He was so dazzled by the 61. (beauty) sight that he told his children it reminded him of Jesus and then put up 62. tree in his own home.
But it wasn’t until the mid19th century 63. the Christmas tree as we now know it became a custom.England’s Queen Victoria encouraged her husband to decorate a tree as he had back at home in 64. is now Germany.When a drawing of the royal family with their beautiful Christmas tree 65. (appear) in a London newspaper，the tradition also became popular throughout the UK and US.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们为什么要搭圣诞树以及现代圣诞树的起源。
56．答案 are rooted
解析 考查时态和语态。陈述的事实，故用一般现在时；句中主语为all，指代前文的stories，与动词root之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。故填are rooted。
57．答案 actually
解析 考查副词。用副词修饰动词used。故填actually。
58．答案 decorated
解析 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语they与decorate之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填decorated。
59．答案 bringing
解析 考查非谓语动词。介词for后接v.ing形式。故填bringing。
60．答案 branches
解析 考查名词复数。因为名词branch为可数名词，故用复数形式。故填branches。
61．答案 beautiful
解析 考查形容词。用形容词修饰名词sight。故填beautiful。
62．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。因为名词tree为可数名词，且为单数形式，故前加不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
63．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。此处考查强调句It is＋被强调的部分＋that从句。这里强调时间状语until the mid19th century。故填that。
64．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句连接词。宾语从句中缺少主语，故用连接词what引导。
65．答案 appeared
解析 考查时态。根据后句中的became提示可知，用一般过去时。故填appeared。
Ⅶ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Nowadays，more and more young people are becoming too proud and overconfident.They think they can do everything.So they simply ignore their old parents，and believe that their parents’ experienced thoughts are out of date.Actually，I used to be one of them，but after hearing a story told by my father，I changed my mind completely.Now I would like to share it with you.
Once upon a time，there lived a young man who looked down on the old very much for the simple reason that he always thought that the old were merely useless lives that were going to wither(凋谢) in their busy life.Worse still，he also did this to his own father.
One day，it so happened that the father and the son met each other in the street.To the father’s surprise，the son suggested that they take a walk together.As they were walking，a beautiful garden with many trees and flowers in it came into their sight.
The son pointed to one of the prettiest flowers in the garden and said with great pride，“We young people are much like these fragrant flowers，so healthy，and full of spirit.But what about you oldsters？You are just like the falling leaves from the dying tree near here.”
Hearing this，the father smiled but said nothing.They continued the walking in silence.When they passed a grocery，the father stopped and went in.He bought walnuts(核桃) and showed one to his son，slowly saying，“We old people are like this walnut.It is evident that we’ve experienced many hard events in life.As a consequence，we’ve built up such a firm shell(売)，and at the same time we’ve also built up a pure inner world.For this very reason every fruit is so fullgrown.”
“But every fruit was born by a flower，” argued the son impatiently.
“Yes，but not every flower can bear fruit，” declared the father.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
What the father said touched the son greatly.
Paragraph 2：
From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf.
参考范文
What the father said touched the son greatly.It occurred to him that in fact he should try to be a flower that could bear fruit and he should also be aware that his parents weren’t useless lives or falling leaves but experienced walnuts，masterpieces of nature.In reality，they were the ones young people should appreciate forever.How he regretted what he had thought and done for the elderly，his father included as well！Being so proud of himself made him ashamed.
From then on，the young man has turned over a new leaf.He stopped being proud and ignoring the old.On the contrary，he looked up to oldsters greatly，willing to accept their suggestions at any time.As a consequence，the old gradually changed their opinions about him.In addition，he got along well with his father and was ready to share his happiness and sorrow with him whenever possible.So pleased was his father with it that he smiled every time and took great pride in his son’s changes.
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