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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book1Module5
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基础知识默写
1．expand vi.扩大；膨胀→expansion n．膨胀；扩展
2．stage n．阶段；时期；舞台 v．上演
3．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.总结；推断
4．aim n．目标；目的→aimless adj.漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地
5．equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备
6．react vi.(化学)反应→reaction n．(化学)反应
7．boil vt.煮；煮沸→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的→boiling adj.沸腾的
8．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的
9．form vi.形成 n．形式；表格
10．balance n．天平；平衡 v．保持平衡→balanced adj.平衡的
11．lecture n．演讲 v．演讲；训话→lecturer n．演讲者
12．department n．(大学的)科、系
13．astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊愕的→astonish vt.使吃惊；使惊愕→astonishment n．惊异；惊愕
14．liquid n．液体
15．substance n．物质
16．contract vi.收缩 n．合同
17．mixture n．混合物→mix vt.混合 vi.交往，相处→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的
18．electricity n．电→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
19．partial adj.部分的；局部的→part n．部分；局部→partly adv.部分地；一定程度上地
20．oxygen n．氧气
21．rust vi.生锈
22．steam n．蒸汽；水汽
23．float vi.漂浮
24．dissolve vi.溶解；分解；分离
25．flame n．火焰
26．facility n．(常用复数)设备；工具
27．tube n．管子；地铁
28．put...in order使……有条理；使……整齐
29．react with与……反应
30．find out弄清楚；弄明白
31．at the top/bottom在顶/底部
32．add...to...往……加入……
33．keep out of使……不进入，防止进入
34．used to过去(常常)……
35．in the area of 在……领域
36．be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪
37．be supposed to应当；理应
38．The earth is fortynine times larger than the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
39．It is hard to think of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
40．The closer you are，the more you’ll see.
你离得越近，看到的就越多。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．The main duty of the fire prevention professionals is to check and maintain fire prevention equipment(equip)．(2018·天津)
2．Lucas eats organic dog food and Michelle’s homecooked dog meals—boiled(boil) eggs，chicken，peas and carrots.
3．Through such a balance(平衡)，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
4．I made friends with the natives，and their reaction(react) amazed me.(2016·浙江)
5．Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing(astonish) ways.(2017·江苏)
6．One more look and he noticed flames(火焰) shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
7．In conclusion(conclude)，it is highly likely for an ordinary teenager to bring about positive changes in the world around us.
8．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)．(2018·全国Ⅲ)
9．Babbitt’s team conduct the research to find out electricity(电) consumption of the devices.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10．A boat that wanders aimlessly(aim) never reaches the shore.
11．The lecture(讲座)，starting at 700 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
12．Forms(表格) will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
13．Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid(液体) by flowers，which bees and other insects collect.
14．My expansion(expand) in vocabulary accounts for my improvement of my academic performance.
15．An hour and eight songs later we walked off the stage(舞台) proudly，filled with a sense of accomplishment.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
I 1.used to take part in voluntary work at a children’s hospital in my hometown，where I learned that a child is less likely to be born with disease if its pregnant mother changes her eating habits.I 2.found out that food preservatives(防腐剂) in particular may be a reason，so I decided to do some research 3.in the area of food safety.Before I started my experiment，I made sure other people 4.were kept out of my lab.
During the experiment，I observed how the materials 5.reacted with each other.Of course，I 6.was supposed to set down all the results for future reference.After I finished my scientific report，I excitedly signed my name 7.at the bottom of it.In the course，I learned not only how to conduct a scientific experiment，but also how to express my research result.Most importantly，I 8.was proud of myself.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．In my view，although it is important for them to have a better performance in the exam，health is equally important.(It＋be＋adj.＋不定式)
在我看来，虽然对他们来说在考试中表现得更好些很重要，但是健康同样重要。
2．Each day，she swam three times further than the distance a football player covered on the ground during a match.(倍数＋比较级＋than)
她每天游的距离比一个足球运动员在一场比赛中所跑距离的三倍还要远。
3．The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
1．“目标”集合
(1)aim n．目标；目的
(2)goal n．目标；目的
(3)target n．目标；靶子
(4)object n．目标；宗旨
(5)purpose n．目的；意图
(6)objective n．目的；目标
2．总览表示“物质存在形式”的词
(1)liquid n．液体
(2)solid n．固体
(3)gas n．气体
(4)substance n．物质
3．“电”家族集会
(1)electricity n．电；电流
(2)electric adj.用电的；带电的
(3)electrical adj.与电有关的
(4)electronic adj.电子的
4．大“气”全接触
(1)oxygen n．氧气
(2)hydrogen n．氢气
(3)carbon dioxide n．二氧化碳
(4)nitrogen n．氮气
(5)atmosphere n．大气层
go on the stage当演员
set the stage for为……做好准备(创造条件)
at this stage在这个阶段
(1)She decided to go on the stage when she was very young.她很小的时候就决定要当演员。
(2)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
虽然高中一般不鼓励学生去探索生活的新方面，但大学为这一探索创造了条件。
(3)Today we have reached a stage where we can do shopping without going out.
今天，我们已经到了一个不出门就可以购物的阶段。
易错点拨
(1)表示“在舞台上演出”时，stage前通常省略冠词。
(2)当stage用作先行词，且定语从句缺少地点状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。
(1)arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion总之；最后
(2)conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止
conclude sth.from...从……中推断出……
to conclude最后
conclude...with/by doing...以……结束
(1)In conclusion(总之)，certain movies play a positive role，but not all movies do.
(2)She concluded her talk with a funny story.
(3)[同义句改写] I have concluded from my own experiences that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→I have drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion from my own experiences that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
aim n.目标；目的
vt.& vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力；对准；目的在于
(1)take aim at瞄准……
with the aim of有……的目的
(2)aim at瞄准；目的在于
aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……
be aimed at目的是；旨在
(3)aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地，无目标地
(1)I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed，but he ought not to say such things.
(2)The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help(help) promote fully automatic driving.
(2017·天津)
(3)Jane moved aimlessly(漫无目的地) down the treelined street，not knowing where she was heading.(2017·北京)
[句式升级]
(4)This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking，which is very popular. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking，this activity is very popular.
易错点拨
(1)由于aim可用作及物或不及物动词，所以类似以下这样的句子可用主动语态或被动语态：
My remarks were not aimed/didn’t aim at you.我的话并非针对你说的。
(2)在take aim at中，aim前不能加冠词，即使aim前有形容词，也不可加冠词。
(1)a piece of equipment一件设备
(2)equip v．配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力
equip...with...用……装备……
equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备；使某人具备(做)某事的条件
(1)Your education will equip you for your future life.
(2)Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
(3)Tour buses，normally equipped(equip) with air conditioning and TV，are managed by travel agencies，hotels and airports and provided for short tours.(2018·湖南邵阳二模)
[句式升级]
(4)They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(改为简单句)
Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
(1)react to对……作出反应
react against反对；反抗
react with与……起化学反应
(2)reaction n．反应；作用
(1)How did he react to your suggestion?
他对你的建议有什么反应？
(2)I tried shaking him but there was no reaction(react)．
我试着摇晃他，但没有反应。
(3)Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们往往以违背父母的意愿的方式反抗父母。
form n.类型；种类；形式；外表；表格；形状；体形
v.(使)出现，产生；(使)形成；组成；组织，建立
(1)in/out of form处于良好的/不好的状态
in the form of以……的形式/形状
take the form of采取……的形式
fill in/out a form填表
(2)form the habit of养成……的习惯
(1)If she is in form，she can win the match easily.
(2)The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming(form) a unique view.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(3)Churches are often built in the form of(以……形状) a cross.
(4)He has formed the habit of(养成……的习惯) going to bed early and getting up early.
balance n.平衡；天平；余额
vt.平衡；权衡；使相等
(1)on balance总的说来
keep/lose (one’s) balance保持/失去平衡
off balance失去平衡；不知所措
(2)balance...against权衡，比较
(3)balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的
(1)Before making the final decision，you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
(2)A balanced(balance) diet provides nutrition for your body.
(3)Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance(总的说来)，than they lose.(2016·江苏)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中balance的汉语意思
(4)My bank balance isn’t good. C
A．天平 B．平衡 C．余额；结余
[图解助记]
(1)be astonished at/by被……惊吓；对……惊讶
be astonished to do...做某事感到惊讶
(2)astonishing adj.令人吃惊的
(3)astonishment n．惊讶，吃惊
in/with astonishment惊异地；吃惊地
to one’s astonishment令人吃惊的是
(1)She gave him an astonished(astonish) look.
(2)In poor countries and regions the number of school dropouts is astonishing(astonish)．We call for more educational resources to these places.
(3)He just stared at me in astonishment(astonished)，saying nothing.
(4)[同义句改写] We were astonished that he actually arrived punctually.
①What astonished us was that he actually arrived punctually.(what引导的从句)
②It astonished us that he actually arrived punctually.(it作形式主语)
③To our astonishment，he actually arrived punctually.(astonishment短语)
add up合计；加起来；合情理；说得通
add up to总计为；合计达
add to增加；增添
(1)If you add up those four figures，it adds up to over $500.
如果你把这四个数额加起来，总额超过500美元。
(2)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.
也许你认为有了更多的钱你就能轻松地提升你的幸福感。
(3)[一句多译] 三加四等于七。
①Three added to four makes/equals seven.(add to)
②Three and four add(s) up to seven.(add up to)
③If you add three to four，you will get seven.(add...to...)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中add/add up to的汉语意思
(4)He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason.(2017·全国Ⅲ) A
A．补充说 B．增加 C．累积
(5)These clues don’t really add up to very much. B
A．增加 B. 表示，意味着 C. 添加到
(1)suppose sb.(to be)．..以为某人(是)……
be supposed to have done...本该做……(但实际上未做)
(2)I suppose so(not)．我想是这样/不会的。
(3)supposing conj.假如
(1)I supposed him to be(be) about forty.
→I supposed that he was about forty.
(2)I suppose that he is quite in spirits at your success，isn’t he？(完成反意疑问句)
(3)I was thrilled！I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet(应该见面)．
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Supposing/Suppose (that) it rains(要是下雨的话)，can we play the match indoors?
易错点拨
(1)suppose和supposing一样，可用作连词，引导条件状语从句。suppose后不跟不定式(此时可改为宾语从句)。
(2)I suppose that...后的反意疑问句与从句保持一致。
It is hard to think of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
(1)该句型“It is＋adj.＋不定式”中it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。
(2)在It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有easy，important，difficult，necessary等。
(3)在It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.句式中，形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等，该句式通常可改为Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.。能用于该结构的形容词有kind，nice，good，stupid，silly，careful，careless等。
(4)It is＋adj./n.＋that...……是……
(5)It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的。
(1)Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
就像任何事情一样，很有可能会两种东西都吃得太多。
(2)It’s nice of you to eventually share with us all your research results.
你真是太好了，能够最终和我们分享你的研究结果。
(3)It’s no use arguing about the question with him for he won’t change his opinion.
关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。
(4)It is true that a smartphone plays an increasingly important role in our daily life.
确实，智能手机在我们的日常生活中越来越重要。
(5)然而一套密码本也很难长时间保密。(2016·全国Ⅰ)
However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.
The closer you are，the more you’ll see.
你离得越近，看到的就越多。
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型：
(1)意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级．..”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级．..”是主句，用一般将来时。
(3)本结构中常用省略结构。
(1)The more I understood fish，the more I became effective at finding and catching them.
我对鱼了解得越多，我在发现鱼和捕鱼方面就更有成效。
(2)The more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes.一个人学识越渊博，通常也会越谦虚。
(3)The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out.(2018·浙江)
可重复使用的袋子越结实，它的寿命越长，塑料袋的取消量也就越大。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．As their world expanded(expand)，she said，children compared themselves to others online.
(2018·江苏)
3．Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a strange mixture(mix) of joy and anger.
4．CARE was formed(form) in 1946 and helps the poor in 36 countries.
5．The more I learn Chinese history and traditional culture，the more I enjoy getting along with Chinese people.
6．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure you conclude it with important points.
7．The meeting was supposed to take(take) place on Tuesday，but we had to postpone it.
8．The newlyestablished company aims at promoting(promote) the characteristics of his hometown.
9．Now we have reached the stage where further reform should be carried out.
10．What was Jeff’s reaction(react) when you told him about the job?
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于改变)
1．Teddy过去常常玩电脑游戏，导致他在学校表现很差。(v.ing作状语)
2．他发现平衡学习和课下活动是十分困难的。(it作形式主语)
3．老师告诉他，应该把学习放在第一位。
4．在老师的帮助下，他远离了游戏，开始努力学习了。
5．后来，他逐渐发现，他越投入学习，对学习的兴趣就越大。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
6．如今，他的父母为他所取得的成绩感到自豪。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Teddy 11.used to play computer games，contributing to his bad performance in school.He found out that 12.it was hard for him to balance study and afterclass activities.His teacher told him that 13.he was supposed to put study in the first place.14.With the help of his teacher，15.he kept himself out of games and began to study hard.Later，he gradually felt that 16.the more he put his heart into his study，the more interested he became in it.Nowadays，his parents 17.are proud of what he has accomplished.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆
Many of the world’s most successful people were once failures.Here are the stories of a few of them.
Abraham Lincoln (1809－1865)
Abraham Lincoln was one of America’s greatest leaders，taking the country through the Civil War (from 1861 to 1865)．However，his life was never easy.He started numerous businesses that failed，he went bankrupt twice，and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office.He later said，“My great concern is not whether you have failed，but whether you are content with your failure.”
Vincent Van Gogh (1853－1890)
Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of Western Art.He’s renowned for paintings such as The Starry Night，The Potato Eaters and Sunflowers.However，during his lifetime，Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money.Despite this，he carried on painting，something even going without food so he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.
Albert Einstein (1879－1955)
Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921.However，he wasn’t always considered a “genius”．He didn’t speak until he was four，and couldn’t read until he was seven.His teachers and parents thought he was slow，so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School.He later famously said，“Success is failure in progress.”
Stephen King (born 1947)
Stephen King is one of the bestselling authors of all time，but his first book，Carrie，was rejected by about 30 publishers.Eventually，Stephen threw it in the bin，but his wife fished it out and encouraged him to resubmit it，which he did...successfully this time!
语篇解读 世界上有许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败，本文就为我们列举了几位著名人物的相关事例。
18．Which statement is TRUE about Abraham Lincoln?
A．He led the American War of Independence.
B．He never succeeded in his business.
C．He was full of courage and perseverance.
D．He is the greatest president of the United States.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由Abraham Lincoln部分的最后一句“He later said，‘My great concern is not whether you have failed，but whether you are content with your failure.’”可推断出，虽然历经失败，但亚伯拉罕·林肯仍充满勇气并坚持不懈，故选C。
19．Who became famous all over the world after his death?
A．Abraham Lincoln.
B．Vincent Van Gogh.
C．Albert Einstein.
D．Stephen King.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由Vincent Van Gogh部分的第三句“However，during his lifetime，Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money.”可推断出梵·高是在去世之后，才闻名于全世界的，故选B。
20．What was the most likely reason for Albert Einstein’s dropping out of school?
A．He was too slow to learn.
B．He couldn’t speak or read.
C．His teacher thought he was stupid.
D．He didn’t obey the school rules.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由Albert Einstein部分的第四句“His teachers and parents thought he was slow，so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School.”可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨，slow在此处意为“迟钝的，笨的”，故选C。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆
Although onions taste delicious，watering eyes come with the process when you cut them up.Thankfully，Good Housekeeping has suggested some tips to prevent you from crying while trying to cut up an onion.
According to the findings from the Institute，putting onions in a fridge 30 minutes before cutting can prevent the annoying hurt，as the cold stops tearjerking(催泪的) gas from being produced.
Another way to reduce the gas released by the onion is to put it in water for a while.Good Housekeeping recommends：“Cut the end off the onion and then put it straight into a bowl of water.The water will draw out the acid making you produce less tears when you cut it.”
When an onion grows，it mixes with sulfur(硫) in the soil to create a special mineral acid.When the onion is cut into pieces，it reacts and creates a gas.As it reaches your face，this annoying gas causes the eyes to produce tears.
The root is where the gases are most concentrated，so it is recommended that this part of the onion be left out as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes.Do this by cutting the vegetable in half down the middle，then cut off part of one side to create a flat surface.Then，place the onion with its flat surface down and cut it toward the root.
Also，to reduce the gas’s effect on your eyes，cut it next to a window or near a fan so that the gas is blown away from your face.And take care to use a sharp knife；this will make it easier to move through the vegetable，causing fewer cells to be broken and less gas to be released as a result.
语篇解读 本文通过描述人们在切洋葱时会流泪这一现象，先为读者介绍了一些切洋葱时防止流泪的办法，并解释了这些切洋葱防止流泪的方法的原理。
21．What is the effect of refrigerating the onion before cutting?
A．Changing its taste.
B．Making it easier to cut up.
C．Avoiding generation of the gas.
D．Helping the gases mix more quickly.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在切之前把洋葱放入冰箱30分钟可以阻止切洋葱时流眼泪，因为冷空气可以阻止催泪气体的产生。
22．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Producing more tears.
B．Leaving the root uncut first.
C．Promoting concentration.
D．Making the onion more tasty.
答案 B
解析 代词指代题。this指代前一句的某个动作，根据前一句“The root is where the gases...this part of the onion be left out as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes.”可知，洋葱根部是这些气体最集中的区域，所以建议为了避免眼睛不适，在切洋葱时先不切这个部位，故this指的是先不切洋葱的根部。
23．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To advise and explain.
B．To examine and analyze.
C．To argue and discuss.
D．To present and compare.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。文章先给出切洋葱时避免流泪的建议，接下来详细呈现所给建议，并解释说明具体原因，因此本文的主要目的是给出建议，并进行解释。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2018·安徽六校教育研究会二联)
Your alarm goes off on your phone，and instead of turning it off and going on sleeping，you pick it up and stupidly say, “Hello？”
You are，to use the technical term，suffering from sleep drunkenness(醉态)，those first few confused minutes people sometimes experience after waking，according to a justpublished paper in Neurology(神经学)．For the first time，the phenomenon has been studied in a general adult population.
In telephone interviews the researchers conducted with more than 19,000 healthy individuals，about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleepdrunk episode(插曲) in the last year，and 12 percent said this happened to them at least once a week.
Most of their stories were actually pretty funny，said Stanford University School of Medicine psychiatrist(精神病学家) Maurice Ohayon.One man picked up his alarm clock and mistook it for his phone，holding a twominute conversation on it.Another participant woke in the middle of the night and couldn’t find the bathroom in her own home.Other common examples are that foggy feeling you get when you first wake up with a start on a Saturday before realizing it’s the weekend，or when you wake up in a hotel room and can’t immediately figure out where you are.
Ohayon explains that an abrupt awakening，to our poor，halfasleep brains，signals an emergency—a time for action，not reason.
“For most people，and especially if this only happens to you every once in a while，it’s nothing to worry about.But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more，you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”
语篇解读 人们在刚刚睡醒时，会有几分钟非常迷糊，这种现象被叫作睡醉。对于偶尔的睡醉不用担心，但是睡醉比较严重的人应该寻求专业的帮助。
24．The intended readers of the passage are probably .
A．adults who don’t sleep well
B．teenagers who don’t have enough sleep
C．people who suffer from sleep drunkenness
D．researchers who are fond of sleep disorder
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，有些人在刚刚醒来时的几分钟会非常迷糊，研究者们对这一现象进行了研究，下文介绍了这一研究的发现。因此，本文是针对患有睡醉的人写的。
25．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
A．It’s stupid to leave the alarm on when sleeping.
B．After waking up all people struggled for awareness.
C．There are many studies on adults’ sleep patterns.
D．It’s common for adults to experience sleep drunkenness.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。文章前两段主要介绍了什么是“睡醉”，根据第三段中的“19,000 healthy individuals，about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleepdrunk episode(插曲)”可知，在那么多被调查的人中，有25%的人有过这样的经历。由此可推知，睡醉这种现象比较常见。
26．What do we know about sleep drunkenness according to Paragraph 4?
A．It occurs in different occasions.
B．It comes without any reason.
C．It hurts when people are sleeping.
D．It attacks those who are cloudy.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。第四段举了几个睡醉的例子，有的人误把闹钟当作电话；有的人半夜醒来，找不到自己家的卫生间；有的人在周六早起，没有意识到这是周末；有的人在旅馆醒来，分不清自己身在何处。由此可知，睡醉会发生在不同的场合。
27．What will be talked about in the next paragraph?
A．Something to extend your sleep time.
B．Ways to improve your sleep pattern.
C．Methods of curing sleep drunkenness.
D．Tips on how to help you sleep better.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more，you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”可知，对于大部分人来说，尤其是偶尔发生睡醉的人而言，不用担心。但是，对于一周至少经历一次睡醉的人而言，最好寻求专业的帮助来获得良好的睡眠。由此可猜测，下文应该具体给出一些有助于获得良好睡眠的建议。
Ⅳ.七选五
In any college application process，the interview is very important.
A quick look at interview tips will tell you to smile，make eye contact, and shake the interviewer’s hand firmly. 28
So，what should you do?
The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university. 29
30 Interviewers are constantly surprised by how many really smart and hardworking students do so little research before they go into their interview.You should，for example，find out where your interviewer is from，what he or she studies，and maybe even find publications he or she has written.This can be done easily by searching for a few minutes online.
More importantly，you should do a lot of research on the university beyond simply knowing its ranking in league tables.Interviewers hate it when you say you want to go to their university just because it’s famous. 31 After all，you would want this school to choose you over another excellent student.
Finally，make sure you “do your homework”．If you’re interested in biology，be sure to know the biology professors’ names.If you’re interested in hiking and camping，be sure to know the name of the outdoors club at the school. 32
A．Remember that preparation is the key.
B．They will lead to your success in the interview.
C．That means it’s important to succeed as socially welladjusted.
D．First of all，dress appropriately to leave a good impression.
E．Tie your interests and goals to what the school in particular has to offer.
F．Unfortunately，few tell you what it is that the interviewer is really looking for.
G．Instead，you should explain why you chose it over other great universities.
语篇解读 在申请自己心仪的大学的过程中，面试很重要。本文主要介绍了在参加申请大学的面试之前你需要做的准备工作及面试过程中的注意事项。
28．答案 F
解析 前文讲到，快速了解一下面试建议会让你知道在面试时要微笑、要进行眼神交流并要与面试官真诚握手。后文又提到，那么，你应该怎么做呢？由此可知，此处应有意义上的转折。结合选项可知，F项(但不幸的是，很少会有人告诉你面试官真正想要的是什么)符合此处语境。
29．答案 C
解析 根据空前一句“The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university.”可知，面试官必须判断你是否适合该大学；结合选项可知，C项(那意味着在社交适应性方面的成功很重要)符合此处语境，且C项中的welladjusted与上文中的fit相呼应。
30．答案 A
解析 根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是，在面试之前，应进行些调研，比如了解面试官来自何处、面试官的研究领域等，故A项(记住，准备是关键)符合本段语境。
31．答案 G
解析 空前一句讲到，面试官讨厌你说你选择去他们这所大学是因为它很有名；空后一句讲到，毕竟，你希望这所学校选择你而非其他优秀的学生。因此此处应说明正确做法。故G项(相反，你应该解释为什么你选择这所大学而非其他的优秀大学)符合此处语境。
32．答案 E
解析 前文讲到，如果你对生物感兴趣，一定要知道生物教授的名字；如果你喜欢徒步旅行和露营，一定要知道这所学校的户外俱乐部的名称；结合选项可知，E项(将你的爱好和目标与这所学校特别提供的内容联系在一起)符合语境。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In one of my college classes，we were required to do an act of kindness.My project included 33 lunch for an elderly person.When I 34 the elderly person with the food I had cooked，it never 35 to me that it would result in a new friendship and the discovery of a 36 ！
The person I visited was Bill，who was unable to 37 much.A nurse came regularly to help him move to and from the wheelchair because he has no 38 .Bill said he was delighted to see me and it was a 39 for him to eat a meal with me because he usually eats 40 .He said the food was great，but he enjoyed having 41 even more than the food.
Bill had had a 42 life when working on the railroad and had many 43 stories to tell about his travels to many places.I was 44 a trip because of his stories.I had once 45 about traveling by train.However，I would 46 be going by train after meeting Bill.
Perhaps the biggest 47 of this project was that I suddenly realized that I am 48 of working with the elderly.Spending time with them was fun—they have so much life experience to 49 .On the one hand，I am a good 50 .On the other hand，older people want someone to know their inner world，so it is a perfect 51 .I decide to focus my studies on the 52 .Hopefully in the future，I will work with them to help even more people like Bill.
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者给一位老人做饭、送餐的经历不仅给老人带去了快乐，而且也为作者自己今后的职业道路指明了方向。
33.A.buying B．preparing
C．packing D．delivering
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“with the food I cooked”可知，作者需要为一位老人做饭。prepare“预备(饭菜)，准备(饭)”符合语境。pack打包；deliver递送。
34．A.called on B．came across
C．picked up D．turned to
答案 A
解析 根据语境和下文的“The person I visited was Bill”可知，作者带着自己做的午餐去拜访了老人。call on探访，短暂访问；come across偶遇某人/某物；pick up接载，搭载；turn to求助于。
35．A.happened B．appealed
C．occurred D．proved
答案 C
解析 根据下文可知，作者没有料到此次行善会有如此大的收获。occur to sb.“(主意或想法)浮现于脑中”符合语境。happen to sb.发生在某人身上；appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力；prove to sb.向某人证实。
36．A.career path B．travel plan
C．holiday destination D．dream job
答案 A
解析 根据文章最后一句“Hopefully in the future，I will work with them to help even more people like Bill.”可推知，作者应是从这次经历中找到了自己以后的职业道路，打算今后从事与老人有关的职业，故选A。
37．A.talk B．eat
C．see D．walk
答案 D
解析 根据下文的“A nurse came regularly to help him move to and from the wheelchair”可知，老人行动不便，故用walk。
38．A.money B．relative
C．food D．time
答案 B
解析 根据上文的“A nurse came regularly to help him”可推知，因为老人没有亲人(relative)，所以护士经常来照看他。
39．A.treat B．fancy
C．privilege D．waste
答案 A
解析 根据下文可知，对老人来说，和作者一起吃饭是一件乐事。treat乐事，款待，符合语境。fancy想象的事物，爱好；privilege特权；waste浪费。
40．A.fast B．little
C．unhappily D．alone
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知老人没有亲人，故此处表示他常常独自(alone)一人吃饭，故选D。
41．A.family B．company
C．fun D．health
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，老人没有亲人，难得有人陪老人吃饭，所以老人开心不仅仅是因为作者给他带食物了，还因为有人陪他。company陪伴，做伴。
42．A.hopeful B．colorful
C．peaceful D．painful
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“stories to tell about his travels to many places.I was a trip because of his stories”可知，老人曾经有一个丰富多彩的(colorful)生活。hopeful抱有希望的；peaceful和平的；painful令人痛苦的。
43．A.adventurous B．fresh
C．absorbing D．satisfying
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“I was a trip because of his stories”可知，老人的故事很吸引人(absorbing)，所以作者才会被他的故事吸引而产生去旅行的想法，故选C。
44．A.intending B．pretending
C．allowing D．requiring
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，作者被老人的故事吸引，因而计划进行一次旅行。intend打算，计划。
45．A.argued B．cared
C．knew D．hesitated
答案 D
解析 根据下文的“I would be going by train after meeting Bill”可知，作者在和Bill见过之后，决定一定要坐火车旅行，故可推知作者曾经在犹豫(hesitate)要不要坐火车旅行。
46．A.unbelievably B．undoubtedly
C．unexpectedly D．unhurriedly
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。undoubtedly确实地，毋庸置疑地，符合语境。
47．A.aim B．impression
C．recreation D．bonus
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，这一段都在讲述给老人做饭、送餐的经历给作者带来的额外收获(bonus)。aim目标；impression印象；recreation消遣，娱乐。
48．A.tired B．proud
C．fond D．certain
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“Spending time with them was fun”可知，此处表示作者突然意识到他喜欢(fond)和老人在一起度过时光。be tired of厌烦；be proud of为……自豪；be fond of喜欢；be certain of确信。
49．A.share B．discuss
C．treasure D．gain
答案 A
解析 根据上下文可知，老人有很多生活经验可以分享(share)。discuss讨论；treasure珍藏；gain获得。
50．A.giver B．listener
B．learner D．interviewer
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“older people want someone to know their inner world”可知，老人们渴望有愿意知道他们内心世界的听众，再结合上文的内容可知，作者就是一个好的倾听者(listener)。
51．A.choice B．deal
C．match D．game
答案 C
解析 作者善于倾听，老人需要人倾听，所以两者刚好很相配(match)。
52．A.homeless B．poor
C．disabled D．old
答案 D
解析 文章讲述作者从为一位老人做饭、送餐的经历中发现了自己将来想要从事为老人服务的职业，故选old(老的)。文章中反复出现的“elderly”亦是提示。
Ⅵ.语法填空
San Francisco is full of fun things to do on Saint Patrick’s Day，including the annual parade(游行)，celebrations，and live performances.The city is also home 53. more than a dozen Irish bars and restaurants.Every year，the United Irish Societies of San Francisco 54.
(host) a large Saint Patrick’s Day parade and festival.The 2018 celebrations 55. (set) on Saturday，March 17 and most activities were organized at the weekend.
The highlight of the event was the Saint Patrick’s Day parade,56. (start) at 11∶30 am.The parade route began at Market and Second Streets and headed straight down Market Street all 57. way to Civic Center Plaza.This was 58. the festival took place.
The 59. (attract) festival included Irish music，dancing，and a neverending supply of drinks，and many popular bands took the stage during the day.The festival started at 10 am and closed around 5 pm that afternoon.People loved heading over in the early afternoon to hunt for delicious food and enjoy the 60. (entertain)．However,61. (be) prepared if you plan on staying all day，for it does tend to get a little crazy 62. (late) on in the afternoon.
53．答案 to
解析 考查介词。be home to “是……的故乡”，此处是说该城市有酒吧、餐馆等场所。故填介词to。
54．答案 hosts
解析 考查主谓一致和时态。每一年，旧金山的该组织都要举行节日活动。这是习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时；且主语为第三人称单数，故用hosts。
55．答案 were set
解析 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语March 17和后面所用的were可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时；且主语与set“安排，确定”是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因主语为复数，故填were set。
56．答案 starting
解析 考查非谓语动词。start与其主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用starting。
57．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。all the way “一路”，为习惯用法。
58．答案 where
解析 考查名词性从句。该从句为表语从句，where在表语从句中作地点状语。
59．答案 attractive
解析 考查形容词。空处位于名词前作定语，前面有定冠词The，故用形容词attractive “吸引人的”。
60．答案 entertainment
解析 考查名词。此空作enjoy的宾语，故用名词entertainment。
61．答案 be
解析 考查祈使句。空处后面有if引导的条件状语从句，for引导的原因状语从句，说明“ prepared...”是主句，但是空前没有主语，因此结合语境判断主句是祈使句，故用动词原形be。
62．答案 later
解析 考查副词。此处要表达在下午的“晚些时候”，所以填later。
Ⅶ.读后续写
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was Christmas Day.Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing of his bell on the shop door.The bell，which produced a uniquely pleasant sound，had been in Pappy’s family for over a hundred years.He valued it dearly and enjoyed sharing its song with all who came to his shop.Although the bell hung on the inside of the main door，Pappy had tied a wire to the screen door so that it would ring whether the inner door was open or not.Hearing the bell，he left the backroom to greet his customer.
“And how can I help you，little lady？” Pappy’s voice was joyful.
“Hello，sir.” The little girl spoke almost in a whisper.She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes，and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special.Shyly she told him，“I’d like to buy a present，sir.”
“Well，let’s see，” Pappy said，“who is this present for？”
“My grandpa.It’s for my grandpa.But I don’t know what to get.”
Pappy began to make suggestions.“How about a pocket watch? It’s in good condition.” The little girl didn’t answer.She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door.She shook the door gently to ring the bell.Pappy’s face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
“This is just right，” the little girl said.“Momma says grandpa loves music.”
Just then，Pappy’s expression changed.Fearful of breaking the little girl’s heart，he told her，“I’m sorry，Missy.That’s not for sale.Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”
The girl looked at the radio，bowed her head，and sadly sighed，“No，I don’t think so.”
In an effort to help her understand，Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion，for the rest of his family were all gone now，except for his estranged (疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
With a giant tear in her eye，the little girl looked up at him.
Paragraph 2：
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.
参考范文
With a giant tear in her eye，the little girl looked up at him.She managed a forced smile，murmuring “Thank you，anyway” and turned toward the doorway.Suddenly Pappy thought of his estranged daughter.Feeling a lump in his throat，Pappy called out，“How much have you got to spend，Missy？” At this，the little girl emptied her purse onto the counter—two dollars.After a quick struggle in his mind，Pappy said，“Today is Christmas Day and this is your lucky day.The bell costs exactly two dollars.” Holding the special bell close to her chest，the child danced out.
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.He couldn’t believe his ears！There in the doorway stood the little girl，ringing the bell and smiling sweetly.Puzzled，Pappy approached her.“Have you changed your mind，little lady？” “No，” the child grinned，“Momma says the present is for you.” Before Pappy had time to say another word，the child’s mother stepped in.Holding back her tears，she gently said，“Hello，Dad.”
基础知识默写
1．expand vi.扩大；膨胀→expansion n．膨胀；扩展
2．stage n．阶段；时期；舞台 v．上演
3．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.总结；推断
4．aim n．目标；目的→aimless adj.漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地
5．equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备
6．react vi.(化学)反应→reaction n．(化学)反应
7．boil vt.煮；煮沸→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的→boiling adj.沸腾的
8．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的
9．form vi.形成 n．形式；表格
10．balance n．天平；平衡 v．保持平衡→balanced adj.平衡的
11．lecture n．演讲 v．演讲；训话→lecturer n．演讲者
12．department n．(大学的)科、系
13．astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊愕的→astonish vt.使吃惊；使惊愕→astonishment n．惊异；惊愕
14．liquid n．液体
15．substance n．物质
16．contract vi.收缩 n．合同
17．mixture n．混合物→mix vt.混合 vi.交往，相处→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的
18．electricity n．电→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
19．partial adj.部分的；局部的→part n．部分；局部→partly adv.部分地；一定程度上地
20．oxygen n．氧气
21．rust vi.生锈
22．steam n．蒸汽；水汽
23．float vi.漂浮
24．dissolve vi.溶解；分解；分离
25．flame n．火焰
26．facility n．(常用复数)设备；工具
27．tube n．管子；地铁
28．put...in order使……有条理；使……整齐
29．react with与……反应
30．find out弄清楚；弄明白
31．at the top/bottom在顶/底部
32．add...to...往……加入……
33．keep out of使……不进入，防止进入
34．used to过去(常常)……
35．in the area of 在……领域
36．be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪
37．be supposed to应当；理应
38．The earth is fortynine times larger than the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
39．It is hard to think of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
40．The closer you are，the more you’ll see.
你离得越近，看到的就越多。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．The main duty of the fire prevention professionals is to check and maintain fire prevention equipment(equip)．(2018·天津)
2．Lucas eats organic dog food and Michelle’s homecooked dog meals—boiled(boil) eggs，chicken，peas and carrots.
3．Through such a balance(平衡)，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
4．I made friends with the natives，and their reaction(react) amazed me.(2016·浙江)
5．Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing(astonish) ways.(2017·江苏)
6．One more look and he noticed flames(火焰) shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
7．In conclusion(conclude)，it is highly likely for an ordinary teenager to bring about positive changes in the world around us.
8．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)．(2018·全国Ⅲ)
9．Babbitt’s team conduct the research to find out electricity(电) consumption of the devices.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10．A boat that wanders aimlessly(aim) never reaches the shore.
11．The lecture(讲座)，starting at 700 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
12．Forms(表格) will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
13．Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid(液体) by flowers，which bees and other insects collect.
14．My expansion(expand) in vocabulary accounts for my improvement of my academic performance.
15．An hour and eight songs later we walked off the stage(舞台) proudly，filled with a sense of accomplishment.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
I 1.used to take part in voluntary work at a children’s hospital in my hometown，where I learned that a child is less likely to be born with disease if its pregnant mother changes her eating habits.I 2.found out that food preservatives(防腐剂) in particular may be a reason，so I decided to do some research 3.in the area of food safety.Before I started my experiment，I made sure other people 4.were kept out of my lab.
During the experiment，I observed how the materials 5.reacted with each other.Of course，I 6.was supposed to set down all the results for future reference.After I finished my scientific report，I excitedly signed my name 7.at the bottom of it.In the course，I learned not only how to conduct a scientific experiment，but also how to express my research result.Most importantly，I 8.was proud of myself.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．In my view，although it is important for them to have a better performance in the exam，health is equally important.(It＋be＋adj.＋不定式)
在我看来，虽然对他们来说在考试中表现得更好些很重要，但是健康同样重要。
2．Each day，she swam three times further than the distance a football player covered on the ground during a match.(倍数＋比较级＋than)
她每天游的距离比一个足球运动员在一场比赛中所跑距离的三倍还要远。
3．The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
1．“目标”集合
(1)aim n．目标；目的
(2)goal n．目标；目的
(3)target n．目标；靶子
(4)object n．目标；宗旨
(5)purpose n．目的；意图
(6)objective n．目的；目标
2．总览表示“物质存在形式”的词
(1)liquid n．液体
(2)solid n．固体
(3)gas n．气体
(4)substance n．物质
3．“电”家族集会
(1)electricity n．电；电流
(2)electric adj.用电的；带电的
(3)electrical adj.与电有关的
(4)electronic adj.电子的
4．大“气”全接触
(1)oxygen n．氧气
(2)hydrogen n．氢气
(3)carbon dioxide n．二氧化碳
(4)nitrogen n．氮气
(5)atmosphere n．大气层
go on the stage当演员
set the stage for为……做好准备(创造条件)
at this stage在这个阶段
(1)She decided to go on the stage when she was very young.她很小的时候就决定要当演员。
(2)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
虽然高中一般不鼓励学生去探索生活的新方面，但大学为这一探索创造了条件。
(3)Today we have reached a stage where we can do shopping without going out.
今天，我们已经到了一个不出门就可以购物的阶段。
易错点拨
(1)表示“在舞台上演出”时，stage前通常省略冠词。
(2)当stage用作先行词，且定语从句缺少地点状语时，应用where来引导定语从句。
(1)arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion总之；最后
(2)conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止
conclude sth.from...从……中推断出……
to conclude最后
conclude...with/by doing...以……结束
(1)In conclusion(总之)，certain movies play a positive role，but not all movies do.
(2)She concluded her talk with a funny story.
(3)[同义句改写] I have concluded from my own experiences that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→I have drawn/arrived at/come to a conclusion from my own experiences that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
aim n.目标；目的
vt.& vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力；对准；目的在于
(1)take aim at瞄准……
with the aim of有……的目的
(2)aim at瞄准；目的在于
aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……
be aimed at目的是；旨在
(3)aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.漫无目的地，无目标地
(1)I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed，but he ought not to say such things.
(2)The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help(help) promote fully automatic driving.
(2017·天津)
(3)Jane moved aimlessly(漫无目的地) down the treelined street，not knowing where she was heading.(2017·北京)
[句式升级]
(4)This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking，which is very popular. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking，this activity is very popular.
易错点拨
(1)由于aim可用作及物或不及物动词，所以类似以下这样的句子可用主动语态或被动语态：
My remarks were not aimed/didn’t aim at you.我的话并非针对你说的。
(2)在take aim at中，aim前不能加冠词，即使aim前有形容词，也不可加冠词。
(1)a piece of equipment一件设备
(2)equip v．配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力
equip...with...用……装备……
equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备；使某人具备(做)某事的条件
(1)Your education will equip you for your future life.
(2)Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
(3)Tour buses，normally equipped(equip) with air conditioning and TV，are managed by travel agencies，hotels and airports and provided for short tours.(2018·湖南邵阳二模)
[句式升级]
(4)They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(改为简单句)
Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
(1)react to对……作出反应
react against反对；反抗
react with与……起化学反应
(2)reaction n．反应；作用
(1)How did he react to your suggestion?
他对你的建议有什么反应？
(2)I tried shaking him but there was no reaction(react)．
我试着摇晃他，但没有反应。
(3)Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们往往以违背父母的意愿的方式反抗父母。
form n.类型；种类；形式；外表；表格；形状；体形
v.(使)出现，产生；(使)形成；组成；组织，建立
(1)in/out of form处于良好的/不好的状态
in the form of以……的形式/形状
take the form of采取……的形式
fill in/out a form填表
(2)form the habit of养成……的习惯
(1)If she is in form，she can win the match easily.
(2)The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming(form) a unique view.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(3)Churches are often built in the form of(以……形状) a cross.
(4)He has formed the habit of(养成……的习惯) going to bed early and getting up early.
balance n.平衡；天平；余额
vt.平衡；权衡；使相等
(1)on balance总的说来
keep/lose (one’s) balance保持/失去平衡
off balance失去平衡；不知所措
(2)balance...against权衡，比较
(3)balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的
(1)Before making the final decision，you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
(2)A balanced(balance) diet provides nutrition for your body.
(3)Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños，on balance(总的说来)，than they lose.(2016·江苏)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中balance的汉语意思
(4)My bank balance isn’t good. C
A．天平 B．平衡 C．余额；结余
[图解助记]
(1)be astonished at/by被……惊吓；对……惊讶
be astonished to do...做某事感到惊讶
(2)astonishing adj.令人吃惊的
(3)astonishment n．惊讶，吃惊
in/with astonishment惊异地；吃惊地
to one’s astonishment令人吃惊的是
(1)She gave him an astonished(astonish) look.
(2)In poor countries and regions the number of school dropouts is astonishing(astonish)．We call for more educational resources to these places.
(3)He just stared at me in astonishment(astonished)，saying nothing.
(4)[同义句改写] We were astonished that he actually arrived punctually.
①What astonished us was that he actually arrived punctually.(what引导的从句)
②It astonished us that he actually arrived punctually.(it作形式主语)
③To our astonishment，he actually arrived punctually.(astonishment短语)
add up合计；加起来；合情理；说得通
add up to总计为；合计达
add to增加；增添
(1)If you add up those four figures，it adds up to over $500.
如果你把这四个数额加起来，总额超过500美元。
(2)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.
也许你认为有了更多的钱你就能轻松地提升你的幸福感。
(3)[一句多译] 三加四等于七。
①Three added to four makes/equals seven.(add to)
②Three and four add(s) up to seven.(add up to)
③If you add three to four，you will get seven.(add...to...)
[熟词生义] 选择句子中add/add up to的汉语意思
(4)He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason.(2017·全国Ⅲ) A
A．补充说 B．增加 C．累积
(5)These clues don’t really add up to very much. B
A．增加 B. 表示，意味着 C. 添加到
(1)suppose sb.(to be)．..以为某人(是)……
be supposed to have done...本该做……(但实际上未做)
(2)I suppose so(not)．我想是这样/不会的。
(3)supposing conj.假如
(1)I supposed him to be(be) about forty.
→I supposed that he was about forty.
(2)I suppose that he is quite in spirits at your success，isn’t he？(完成反意疑问句)
(3)I was thrilled！I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet(应该见面)．
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(4)Supposing/Suppose (that) it rains(要是下雨的话)，can we play the match indoors?
易错点拨
(1)suppose和supposing一样，可用作连词，引导条件状语从句。suppose后不跟不定式(此时可改为宾语从句)。
(2)I suppose that...后的反意疑问句与从句保持一致。
It is hard to think of a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
(1)该句型“It is＋adj.＋不定式”中it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。
(2)在It is＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有easy，important，difficult，necessary等。
(3)在It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.句式中，形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等，该句式通常可改为Sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.。能用于该结构的形容词有kind，nice，good，stupid，silly，careful，careless等。
(4)It is＋adj./n.＋that...……是……
(5)It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的。
(1)Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
就像任何事情一样，很有可能会两种东西都吃得太多。
(2)It’s nice of you to eventually share with us all your research results.
你真是太好了，能够最终和我们分享你的研究结果。
(3)It’s no use arguing about the question with him for he won’t change his opinion.
关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。
(4)It is true that a smartphone plays an increasingly important role in our daily life.
确实，智能手机在我们的日常生活中越来越重要。
(5)然而一套密码本也很难长时间保密。(2016·全国Ⅰ)
However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.
The closer you are，the more you’ll see.
你离得越近，看到的就越多。
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型：
(1)意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级．..”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级．..”是主句，用一般将来时。
(3)本结构中常用省略结构。
(1)The more I understood fish，the more I became effective at finding and catching them.
我对鱼了解得越多，我在发现鱼和捕鱼方面就更有成效。
(2)The more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes.一个人学识越渊博，通常也会越谦虚。
(3)The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out.(2018·浙江)
可重复使用的袋子越结实，它的寿命越长，塑料袋的取消量也就越大。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2．As their world expanded(expand)，she said，children compared themselves to others online.
(2018·江苏)
3．Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a strange mixture(mix) of joy and anger.
4．CARE was formed(form) in 1946 and helps the poor in 36 countries.
5．The more I learn Chinese history and traditional culture，the more I enjoy getting along with Chinese people.
6．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure you conclude it with important points.
7．The meeting was supposed to take(take) place on Tuesday，but we had to postpone it.
8．The newlyestablished company aims at promoting(promote) the characteristics of his hometown.
9．Now we have reached the stage where further reform should be carried out.
10．What was Jeff’s reaction(react) when you told him about the job?
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于改变)
1．Teddy过去常常玩电脑游戏，导致他在学校表现很差。(v.ing作状语)
2．他发现平衡学习和课下活动是十分困难的。(it作形式主语)
3．老师告诉他，应该把学习放在第一位。
4．在老师的帮助下，他远离了游戏，开始努力学习了。
5．后来，他逐渐发现，他越投入学习，对学习的兴趣就越大。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
6．如今，他的父母为他所取得的成绩感到自豪。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
Teddy 11.used to play computer games，contributing to his bad performance in school.He found out that 12.it was hard for him to balance study and afterclass activities.His teacher told him that 13.he was supposed to put study in the first place.14.With the help of his teacher，15.he kept himself out of games and began to study hard.Later，he gradually felt that 16.the more he put his heart into his study，the more interested he became in it.Nowadays，his parents 17.are proud of what he has accomplished.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人情况 难度星级：☆
Many of the world’s most successful people were once failures.Here are the stories of a few of them.
Abraham Lincoln (1809－1865)
Abraham Lincoln was one of America’s greatest leaders，taking the country through the Civil War (from 1861 to 1865)．However，his life was never easy.He started numerous businesses that failed，he went bankrupt twice，and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office.He later said，“My great concern is not whether you have failed，but whether you are content with your failure.”
Vincent Van Gogh (1853－1890)
Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of Western Art.He’s renowned for paintings such as The Starry Night，The Potato Eaters and Sunflowers.However，during his lifetime，Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money.Despite this，he carried on painting，something even going without food so he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.
Albert Einstein (1879－1955)
Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921.However，he wasn’t always considered a “genius”．He didn’t speak until he was four，and couldn’t read until he was seven.His teachers and parents thought he was slow，so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School.He later famously said，“Success is failure in progress.”
Stephen King (born 1947)
Stephen King is one of the bestselling authors of all time，but his first book，Carrie，was rejected by about 30 publishers.Eventually，Stephen threw it in the bin，but his wife fished it out and encouraged him to resubmit it，which he did...successfully this time!
语篇解读 世界上有许多人在成功之前都遭遇了失败，本文就为我们列举了几位著名人物的相关事例。
18．Which statement is TRUE about Abraham Lincoln?
A．He led the American War of Independence.
B．He never succeeded in his business.
C．He was full of courage and perseverance.
D．He is the greatest president of the United States.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由Abraham Lincoln部分的最后一句“He later said，‘My great concern is not whether you have failed，but whether you are content with your failure.’”可推断出，虽然历经失败，但亚伯拉罕·林肯仍充满勇气并坚持不懈，故选C。
19．Who became famous all over the world after his death?
A．Abraham Lincoln.
B．Vincent Van Gogh.
C．Albert Einstein.
D．Stephen King.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由Vincent Van Gogh部分的第三句“However，during his lifetime，Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money.”可推断出梵·高是在去世之后，才闻名于全世界的，故选B。
20．What was the most likely reason for Albert Einstein’s dropping out of school?
A．He was too slow to learn.
B．He couldn’t speak or read.
C．His teacher thought he was stupid.
D．He didn’t obey the school rules.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由Albert Einstein部分的第四句“His teachers and parents thought he was slow，so he was expelled from school and couldn’t get into the Zurich Polytechnic School.”可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的原因就是老师认为他很笨，slow在此处意为“迟钝的，笨的”，故选C。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆
Although onions taste delicious，watering eyes come with the process when you cut them up.Thankfully，Good Housekeeping has suggested some tips to prevent you from crying while trying to cut up an onion.
According to the findings from the Institute，putting onions in a fridge 30 minutes before cutting can prevent the annoying hurt，as the cold stops tearjerking(催泪的) gas from being produced.
Another way to reduce the gas released by the onion is to put it in water for a while.Good Housekeeping recommends：“Cut the end off the onion and then put it straight into a bowl of water.The water will draw out the acid making you produce less tears when you cut it.”
When an onion grows，it mixes with sulfur(硫) in the soil to create a special mineral acid.When the onion is cut into pieces，it reacts and creates a gas.As it reaches your face，this annoying gas causes the eyes to produce tears.
The root is where the gases are most concentrated，so it is recommended that this part of the onion be left out as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes.Do this by cutting the vegetable in half down the middle，then cut off part of one side to create a flat surface.Then，place the onion with its flat surface down and cut it toward the root.
Also，to reduce the gas’s effect on your eyes，cut it next to a window or near a fan so that the gas is blown away from your face.And take care to use a sharp knife；this will make it easier to move through the vegetable，causing fewer cells to be broken and less gas to be released as a result.
语篇解读 本文通过描述人们在切洋葱时会流泪这一现象，先为读者介绍了一些切洋葱时防止流泪的办法，并解释了这些切洋葱防止流泪的方法的原理。
21．What is the effect of refrigerating the onion before cutting?
A．Changing its taste.
B．Making it easier to cut up.
C．Avoiding generation of the gas.
D．Helping the gases mix more quickly.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在切之前把洋葱放入冰箱30分钟可以阻止切洋葱时流眼泪，因为冷空气可以阻止催泪气体的产生。
22．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Producing more tears.
B．Leaving the root uncut first.
C．Promoting concentration.
D．Making the onion more tasty.
答案 B
解析 代词指代题。this指代前一句的某个动作，根据前一句“The root is where the gases...this part of the onion be left out as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes.”可知，洋葱根部是这些气体最集中的区域，所以建议为了避免眼睛不适，在切洋葱时先不切这个部位，故this指的是先不切洋葱的根部。
23．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To advise and explain.
B．To examine and analyze.
C．To argue and discuss.
D．To present and compare.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。文章先给出切洋葱时避免流泪的建议，接下来详细呈现所给建议，并解释说明具体原因，因此本文的主要目的是给出建议，并进行解释。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
(2018·安徽六校教育研究会二联)
Your alarm goes off on your phone，and instead of turning it off and going on sleeping，you pick it up and stupidly say, “Hello？”
You are，to use the technical term，suffering from sleep drunkenness(醉态)，those first few confused minutes people sometimes experience after waking，according to a justpublished paper in Neurology(神经学)．For the first time，the phenomenon has been studied in a general adult population.
In telephone interviews the researchers conducted with more than 19,000 healthy individuals，about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleepdrunk episode(插曲) in the last year，and 12 percent said this happened to them at least once a week.
Most of their stories were actually pretty funny，said Stanford University School of Medicine psychiatrist(精神病学家) Maurice Ohayon.One man picked up his alarm clock and mistook it for his phone，holding a twominute conversation on it.Another participant woke in the middle of the night and couldn’t find the bathroom in her own home.Other common examples are that foggy feeling you get when you first wake up with a start on a Saturday before realizing it’s the weekend，or when you wake up in a hotel room and can’t immediately figure out where you are.
Ohayon explains that an abrupt awakening，to our poor，halfasleep brains，signals an emergency—a time for action，not reason.
“For most people，and especially if this only happens to you every once in a while，it’s nothing to worry about.But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more，you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”
语篇解读 人们在刚刚睡醒时，会有几分钟非常迷糊，这种现象被叫作睡醉。对于偶尔的睡醉不用担心，但是睡醉比较严重的人应该寻求专业的帮助。
24．The intended readers of the passage are probably .
A．adults who don’t sleep well
B．teenagers who don’t have enough sleep
C．people who suffer from sleep drunkenness
D．researchers who are fond of sleep disorder
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，有些人在刚刚醒来时的几分钟会非常迷糊，研究者们对这一现象进行了研究，下文介绍了这一研究的发现。因此，本文是针对患有睡醉的人写的。
25．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
A．It’s stupid to leave the alarm on when sleeping.
B．After waking up all people struggled for awareness.
C．There are many studies on adults’ sleep patterns.
D．It’s common for adults to experience sleep drunkenness.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。文章前两段主要介绍了什么是“睡醉”，根据第三段中的“19,000 healthy individuals，about 25 percent reported experiencing some sort of sleepdrunk episode(插曲)”可知，在那么多被调查的人中，有25%的人有过这样的经历。由此可推知，睡醉这种现象比较常见。
26．What do we know about sleep drunkenness according to Paragraph 4?
A．It occurs in different occasions.
B．It comes without any reason.
C．It hurts when people are sleeping.
D．It attacks those who are cloudy.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。第四段举了几个睡醉的例子，有的人误把闹钟当作电话；有的人半夜醒来，找不到自己家的卫生间；有的人在周六早起，没有意识到这是周末；有的人在旅馆醒来，分不清自己身在何处。由此可知，睡醉会发生在不同的场合。
27．What will be talked about in the next paragraph?
A．Something to extend your sleep time.
B．Ways to improve your sleep pattern.
C．Methods of curing sleep drunkenness.
D．Tips on how to help you sleep better.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But for people who experience sleep drunkenness once a week or more，you might as well refer to professional help to have a sound sleep.”可知，对于大部分人来说，尤其是偶尔发生睡醉的人而言，不用担心。但是，对于一周至少经历一次睡醉的人而言，最好寻求专业的帮助来获得良好的睡眠。由此可猜测，下文应该具体给出一些有助于获得良好睡眠的建议。
Ⅳ.七选五
In any college application process，the interview is very important.
A quick look at interview tips will tell you to smile，make eye contact, and shake the interviewer’s hand firmly. 28
So，what should you do?
The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university. 29
30 Interviewers are constantly surprised by how many really smart and hardworking students do so little research before they go into their interview.You should，for example，find out where your interviewer is from，what he or she studies，and maybe even find publications he or she has written.This can be done easily by searching for a few minutes online.
More importantly，you should do a lot of research on the university beyond simply knowing its ranking in league tables.Interviewers hate it when you say you want to go to their university just because it’s famous. 31 After all，you would want this school to choose you over another excellent student.
Finally，make sure you “do your homework”．If you’re interested in biology，be sure to know the biology professors’ names.If you’re interested in hiking and camping，be sure to know the name of the outdoors club at the school. 32
A．Remember that preparation is the key.
B．They will lead to your success in the interview.
C．That means it’s important to succeed as socially welladjusted.
D．First of all，dress appropriately to leave a good impression.
E．Tie your interests and goals to what the school in particular has to offer.
F．Unfortunately，few tell you what it is that the interviewer is really looking for.
G．Instead，you should explain why you chose it over other great universities.
语篇解读 在申请自己心仪的大学的过程中，面试很重要。本文主要介绍了在参加申请大学的面试之前你需要做的准备工作及面试过程中的注意事项。
28．答案 F
解析 前文讲到，快速了解一下面试建议会让你知道在面试时要微笑、要进行眼神交流并要与面试官真诚握手。后文又提到，那么，你应该怎么做呢？由此可知，此处应有意义上的转折。结合选项可知，F项(但不幸的是，很少会有人告诉你面试官真正想要的是什么)符合此处语境。
29．答案 C
解析 根据空前一句“The interviewer must decide if you’re a good fit for the university.”可知，面试官必须判断你是否适合该大学；结合选项可知，C项(那意味着在社交适应性方面的成功很重要)符合此处语境，且C项中的welladjusted与上文中的fit相呼应。
30．答案 A
解析 根据空后内容可知，本段主要讲的是，在面试之前，应进行些调研，比如了解面试官来自何处、面试官的研究领域等，故A项(记住，准备是关键)符合本段语境。
31．答案 G
解析 空前一句讲到，面试官讨厌你说你选择去他们这所大学是因为它很有名；空后一句讲到，毕竟，你希望这所学校选择你而非其他优秀的学生。因此此处应说明正确做法。故G项(相反，你应该解释为什么你选择这所大学而非其他的优秀大学)符合此处语境。
32．答案 E
解析 前文讲到，如果你对生物感兴趣，一定要知道生物教授的名字；如果你喜欢徒步旅行和露营，一定要知道这所学校的户外俱乐部的名称；结合选项可知，E项(将你的爱好和目标与这所学校特别提供的内容联系在一起)符合语境。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In one of my college classes，we were required to do an act of kindness.My project included 33 lunch for an elderly person.When I 34 the elderly person with the food I had cooked，it never 35 to me that it would result in a new friendship and the discovery of a 36 ！
The person I visited was Bill，who was unable to 37 much.A nurse came regularly to help him move to and from the wheelchair because he has no 38 .Bill said he was delighted to see me and it was a 39 for him to eat a meal with me because he usually eats 40 .He said the food was great，but he enjoyed having 41 even more than the food.
Bill had had a 42 life when working on the railroad and had many 43 stories to tell about his travels to many places.I was 44 a trip because of his stories.I had once 45 about traveling by train.However，I would 46 be going by train after meeting Bill.
Perhaps the biggest 47 of this project was that I suddenly realized that I am 48 of working with the elderly.Spending time with them was fun—they have so much life experience to 49 .On the one hand，I am a good 50 .On the other hand，older people want someone to know their inner world，so it is a perfect 51 .I decide to focus my studies on the 52 .Hopefully in the future，I will work with them to help even more people like Bill.
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者给一位老人做饭、送餐的经历不仅给老人带去了快乐，而且也为作者自己今后的职业道路指明了方向。
33.A.buying B．preparing
C．packing D．delivering
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“with the food I cooked”可知，作者需要为一位老人做饭。prepare“预备(饭菜)，准备(饭)”符合语境。pack打包；deliver递送。
34．A.called on B．came across
C．picked up D．turned to
答案 A
解析 根据语境和下文的“The person I visited was Bill”可知，作者带着自己做的午餐去拜访了老人。call on探访，短暂访问；come across偶遇某人/某物；pick up接载，搭载；turn to求助于。
35．A.happened B．appealed
C．occurred D．proved
答案 C
解析 根据下文可知，作者没有料到此次行善会有如此大的收获。occur to sb.“(主意或想法)浮现于脑中”符合语境。happen to sb.发生在某人身上；appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力；prove to sb.向某人证实。
36．A.career path B．travel plan
C．holiday destination D．dream job
答案 A
解析 根据文章最后一句“Hopefully in the future，I will work with them to help even more people like Bill.”可推知，作者应是从这次经历中找到了自己以后的职业道路，打算今后从事与老人有关的职业，故选A。
37．A.talk B．eat
C．see D．walk
答案 D
解析 根据下文的“A nurse came regularly to help him move to and from the wheelchair”可知，老人行动不便，故用walk。
38．A.money B．relative
C．food D．time
答案 B
解析 根据上文的“A nurse came regularly to help him”可推知，因为老人没有亲人(relative)，所以护士经常来照看他。
39．A.treat B．fancy
C．privilege D．waste
答案 A
解析 根据下文可知，对老人来说，和作者一起吃饭是一件乐事。treat乐事，款待，符合语境。fancy想象的事物，爱好；privilege特权；waste浪费。
40．A.fast B．little
C．unhappily D．alone
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知老人没有亲人，故此处表示他常常独自(alone)一人吃饭，故选D。
41．A.family B．company
C．fun D．health
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，老人没有亲人，难得有人陪老人吃饭，所以老人开心不仅仅是因为作者给他带食物了，还因为有人陪他。company陪伴，做伴。
42．A.hopeful B．colorful
C．peaceful D．painful
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“stories to tell about his travels to many places.I was a trip because of his stories”可知，老人曾经有一个丰富多彩的(colorful)生活。hopeful抱有希望的；peaceful和平的；painful令人痛苦的。
43．A.adventurous B．fresh
C．absorbing D．satisfying
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“I was a trip because of his stories”可知，老人的故事很吸引人(absorbing)，所以作者才会被他的故事吸引而产生去旅行的想法，故选C。
44．A.intending B．pretending
C．allowing D．requiring
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，作者被老人的故事吸引，因而计划进行一次旅行。intend打算，计划。
45．A.argued B．cared
C．knew D．hesitated
答案 D
解析 根据下文的“I would be going by train after meeting Bill”可知，作者在和Bill见过之后，决定一定要坐火车旅行，故可推知作者曾经在犹豫(hesitate)要不要坐火车旅行。
46．A.unbelievably B．undoubtedly
C．unexpectedly D．unhurriedly
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。undoubtedly确实地，毋庸置疑地，符合语境。
47．A.aim B．impression
C．recreation D．bonus
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，这一段都在讲述给老人做饭、送餐的经历给作者带来的额外收获(bonus)。aim目标；impression印象；recreation消遣，娱乐。
48．A.tired B．proud
C．fond D．certain
答案 C
解析 根据下文的“Spending time with them was fun”可知，此处表示作者突然意识到他喜欢(fond)和老人在一起度过时光。be tired of厌烦；be proud of为……自豪；be fond of喜欢；be certain of确信。
49．A.share B．discuss
C．treasure D．gain
答案 A
解析 根据上下文可知，老人有很多生活经验可以分享(share)。discuss讨论；treasure珍藏；gain获得。
50．A.giver B．listener
B．learner D．interviewer
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“older people want someone to know their inner world”可知，老人们渴望有愿意知道他们内心世界的听众，再结合上文的内容可知，作者就是一个好的倾听者(listener)。
51．A.choice B．deal
C．match D．game
答案 C
解析 作者善于倾听，老人需要人倾听，所以两者刚好很相配(match)。
52．A.homeless B．poor
C．disabled D．old
答案 D
解析 文章讲述作者从为一位老人做饭、送餐的经历中发现了自己将来想要从事为老人服务的职业，故选old(老的)。文章中反复出现的“elderly”亦是提示。
Ⅵ.语法填空
San Francisco is full of fun things to do on Saint Patrick’s Day，including the annual parade(游行)，celebrations，and live performances.The city is also home 53. more than a dozen Irish bars and restaurants.Every year，the United Irish Societies of San Francisco 54.
(host) a large Saint Patrick’s Day parade and festival.The 2018 celebrations 55. (set) on Saturday，March 17 and most activities were organized at the weekend.
The highlight of the event was the Saint Patrick’s Day parade,56. (start) at 11∶30 am.The parade route began at Market and Second Streets and headed straight down Market Street all 57. way to Civic Center Plaza.This was 58. the festival took place.
The 59. (attract) festival included Irish music，dancing，and a neverending supply of drinks，and many popular bands took the stage during the day.The festival started at 10 am and closed around 5 pm that afternoon.People loved heading over in the early afternoon to hunt for delicious food and enjoy the 60. (entertain)．However,61. (be) prepared if you plan on staying all day，for it does tend to get a little crazy 62. (late) on in the afternoon.
53．答案 to
解析 考查介词。be home to “是……的故乡”，此处是说该城市有酒吧、餐馆等场所。故填介词to。
54．答案 hosts
解析 考查主谓一致和时态。每一年，旧金山的该组织都要举行节日活动。这是习惯性的动作，所以用一般现在时；且主语为第三人称单数，故用hosts。
55．答案 were set
解析 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语March 17和后面所用的were可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时；且主语与set“安排，确定”是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因主语为复数，故填were set。
56．答案 starting
解析 考查非谓语动词。start与其主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用starting。
57．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。all the way “一路”，为习惯用法。
58．答案 where
解析 考查名词性从句。该从句为表语从句，where在表语从句中作地点状语。
59．答案 attractive
解析 考查形容词。空处位于名词前作定语，前面有定冠词The，故用形容词attractive “吸引人的”。
60．答案 entertainment
解析 考查名词。此空作enjoy的宾语，故用名词entertainment。
61．答案 be
解析 考查祈使句。空处后面有if引导的条件状语从句，for引导的原因状语从句，说明“ prepared...”是主句，但是空前没有主语，因此结合语境判断主句是祈使句，故用动词原形be。
62．答案 later
解析 考查副词。此处要表达在下午的“晚些时候”，所以填later。
Ⅶ.读后续写
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was Christmas Day.Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing of his bell on the shop door.The bell，which produced a uniquely pleasant sound，had been in Pappy’s family for over a hundred years.He valued it dearly and enjoyed sharing its song with all who came to his shop.Although the bell hung on the inside of the main door，Pappy had tied a wire to the screen door so that it would ring whether the inner door was open or not.Hearing the bell，he left the backroom to greet his customer.
“And how can I help you，little lady？” Pappy’s voice was joyful.
“Hello，sir.” The little girl spoke almost in a whisper.She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes，and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special.Shyly she told him，“I’d like to buy a present，sir.”
“Well，let’s see，” Pappy said，“who is this present for？”
“My grandpa.It’s for my grandpa.But I don’t know what to get.”
Pappy began to make suggestions.“How about a pocket watch? It’s in good condition.” The little girl didn’t answer.She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door.She shook the door gently to ring the bell.Pappy’s face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
“This is just right，” the little girl said.“Momma says grandpa loves music.”
Just then，Pappy’s expression changed.Fearful of breaking the little girl’s heart，he told her，“I’m sorry，Missy.That’s not for sale.Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”
The girl looked at the radio，bowed her head，and sadly sighed，“No，I don’t think so.”
In an effort to help her understand，Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion，for the rest of his family were all gone now，except for his estranged (疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
With a giant tear in her eye，the little girl looked up at him.
Paragraph 2：
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.
参考范文
With a giant tear in her eye，the little girl looked up at him.She managed a forced smile，murmuring “Thank you，anyway” and turned toward the doorway.Suddenly Pappy thought of his estranged daughter.Feeling a lump in his throat，Pappy called out，“How much have you got to spend，Missy？” At this，the little girl emptied her purse onto the counter—two dollars.After a quick struggle in his mind，Pappy said，“Today is Christmas Day and this is your lucky day.The bell costs exactly two dollars.” Holding the special bell close to her chest，the child danced out.
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop，he heard a familiar ringing.He couldn’t believe his ears！There in the doorway stood the little girl，ringing the bell and smiling sweetly.Puzzled，Pappy approached her.“Have you changed your mind，little lady？” “No，” the child grinned，“Momma says the present is for you.” Before Pappy had time to say another word，the child’s mother stepped in.Holding back her tears，she gently said，“Hello，Dad.”
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