2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修2Unit1Talesoftheunexplained




(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．creature n．　　　　　　　　 动物；(具备某种特征的)人
2．flash n．&vi. 闪光，闪耀
3．detective n. 侦探
4．ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
6．appropriate adj. 适当的
7．blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格
adj. 空白的；无表情的
8．tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛
9．mystery n. 神秘的事或人
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的
2．disappear vi. 消失；失踪
3．witness n. 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
4．assume vt. 假定；认为
5．occur vi.[纵联1] 发生
6．aboard adv.& prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；
上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
7．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例
8．evidence n. 证据
9．dismiss vt.[纵联2] 不予考虑；解雇；解散
10．base n. 基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt. 以……为基础
11．humour n. 幽默
12．discount n. 折扣
13．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金
vt. 授予，奖励
14._attack vt.& vi.& n. 攻击；进攻
15．reserve n.
vt.[纵联3] (动植物)保护区；储备
预订；保留；储备
16．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应
17．link vt.& n. 联系，关联
18．incident n．[纵联4] 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2．amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
3．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
4．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
5．injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
6．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在
7．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排→organizer n．组织者
8．strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的
9．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
10．survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者

纵联1.“发生”变化多
①occur发生，想起 ②happen偶然发生
③take place发生，举行 ④come about(已经)发生
⑤break out发生，爆发
纵联2.一词“丢饭碗”
①fire开除，解雇 ②dismiss解雇；解散
③discharge解雇，免除 ④remove开除，去除
纵联3.学会“保留/存”
①remain保留 ②reserve保留
③preserve保存 ④conserve保存
纵联4.“事”多扰人！
①incident事件 ②matter事件，问题
③business生意，事情 ④affair事务，私事
⑤issue问题，事情 ⑥event事件，大事
⑦sports event体育赛事

单元话题——难解之谜
子话题1　自然奥秘
①awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
②suck v．吮吸 ③flee v．逃避；逃跑；逃离
④powerful adj.强有力的 ⑤spirit n．精神
⑥tail n．尾巴 ⑦wild adj.野生的
⑧fur n．毛皮 ⑨thick adj.浓密的
⑩track n．踪迹，足迹 ⑪phenomenon n．现象，事件
⑫incredible adj.不可思议的 ⑬existence n．存在
⑭reflect v．反映；反射
子话题2　科学探索
①explore vt. 探测；探险；考察；探究
②discovery v. 发现；发觉
③technology n. 技术；工艺
④rewarding adj. 有益的，值得的；有报酬的
⑤material n．材料，原料 adj.物质的
⑥form v. 形成，构成
⑦origin n. 起源
⑧unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
⑨concept n. 观念，概念；观点；思想，设想
⑩emerge vi. 出现，浮现
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·湖北高考阅读A)Three weeks ago, I witnessed❶ a small near­disaster a few miles west of here.While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello！” I said to him, assuming❷ he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly❸ worry about him.Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.
①加黑词在此处意为：目击；用作可数名词时，意思是：目击者
②assuming在此引导条件状语从句，意为：假如，如果，其后省略了that。类似用法和意思的还有：supposing, suppose, providing, provided, given等。
③加黑词的形容词形式是：proper，在本单元的近义词是：appropriate
2．(2013·广东高考阅读A)The next day Tom appeared❶ as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way.And Tom, with the __❷__ (strong) of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.
The power of imagination need not be reserved❸ for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible❹， to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could.
①加黑词在本单元的反义词是：disappear；加黑词的名词形式是：appearance
②用所给词的适当形式填空：strength
③加黑词在此处意为：保留，预订；它作名词时的意思是：(动植物)保护区；储备
④写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：possibility
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)第三，在很多情况下，组织者可能会利用选民，甚至竞争对手来谋取商业利益。(case, organizer)
Thirdly,_the_voters_or_even_the_competitors_in_many_cases_will_be_possibly_taken_advantage_of_by_the_organizers_for_commercial_interests.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)其次，根据中国的传统文化，带一些礼物被认为是合适的。(assume, appropriate, base)
Secondly,_bringing_some_gifts_is_assumed_to_be_appropriate_based_on_Chinese_traditional_culture.

(二)课堂重点释疑
1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
[记牢]
(1)be puzzled about　　　 　　 对……感到困惑
be puzzled＋疑问词＋to do 对做……感到困惑
(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑
n. 难题；谜
puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的
[练通]
用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段
①Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.
完成句子
②People have_long_puzzled_over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
人们一直对埃及人如何移动如此巨大的岩石感到困惑。
③Elizabeth raised some questions to express_her_puzzle_about_grammar.
伊丽莎白提出了一些问题表达了自己对语法的困惑。
④Some people are_puzzled_about the fact that he is still single.
一些人对他仍然单身感到困惑。
[用准]　puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，用来修饰说明人时，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
[写美]
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)然而，让我困惑的是你为什么要选择来北京接受大学教育。难道你的家乡伦敦不好吗？
However,_what_still_makes_me_puzzled_is_why_you_choose_Beijing_for_your_university_education.Isn't_your_hometown_London_good?
2．witness n．[C]目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证
[记牢]
(1)a witness to sth.　　　　 某事的证人/证明
give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
(2) witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事
witness for 为……作证
[练通]
单句语法填空
①What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses (witness) to the knife attack.
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
③Luckily, several people volunteer to witness for my father.
④Mary witnessed to having_seen (see)the man near the scene of the crime.
单句改错
⑤Many of his former friends gave witness for his innocence.for→to
[用准]　see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)过去的十年，已经见证了校长们付出的努力以及在发展体育事业方面取得的成就。
The_past_ten_years_has_witnessed_the_efforts_of_our_headmasters_and_their_achievements_of_developing_sports_business.
3．assume vt.假定；认为
[记牢]
(1)assume sb./sth.to be　　　 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that ... 人们认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……；在假定……的情况下
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I don't think there's enough information to make an assumption (assume)．We just don't know what happened to her.
②We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
③It is assumed that women are normally more sensitive than men.
单句改错
④We are working with the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.with→on
⑤Assumed that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.Assumed→Assuming
[写美]
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)假如你对它感兴趣，请把邮件发至123456@sina.com.。
Assuming you are interested in it, please send the email to 123456@sina.com.
[联想]　表示“假设，如果”的表达法有：
if＝
4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现
[记牢]
sth. occur(s) to sb.　　　　　　　 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事
[练通]　完成句子
①Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didn't know how to speak it out.
她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。
②It never occurred_to_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。
③It never occurred_to_her_to_ask anyone for help when she was in trouble.
当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。
[用准]　“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
[写美]
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。
Besides,_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_should_tell_you_that_you_need_to_avoid_making_noise_while_chewing_food.
5．exist vi.存在；生存
[记牢]
(1)exist in　　　　　　 存在于
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s) ... 有……
(2)existence n. 存在
come into existence 成立；开始存在
[练通]
单句语法填空
①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．
②Some strange ideas existed in his mind.
单句改错
③The man existed in bread and water for over five months.in→on
④There is existing a good way to solve the existing problem at present.is_existing→exists
[用准]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
[写美]
⑤(2014·北京高考书面表达)在我们学校，自行车的存放有一个问题。
There_existed_a_problem_with_the_parking_place_for_bikes_in_our_school.
6．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
[记牢]
(1)award sb. for sth.　　　　　 因为某事而奖励某人
award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.
给予/授予/判给某人某物
be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励……
(2)win awards/receive one's awards　 获奖/接受颁奖
[练通]　完成句子/一句多译
①在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。
In her career, Mary won_many_awards.
②那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。
The old scientist was_awarded_for_his_contributions to his country.
因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。
③The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.
[写美]
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益良多。
Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_you're_an_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.
7．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势
[记牢]
(1)strengths and weaknesses　　　　　 优势和劣势
build up one's strength 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
with all one's strength 竭尽全力
(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
②Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength (strong)．
完成句子
③The patient was too weak to_have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有站起来的力量)．
④To beat the other teams, you have to know their streng­ths_and_weaknesses (优势和劣势)．
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)至于我，我非常迷恋篮球，因为它一直给我力量面对生活中的挑战。
As_for_me,_I'm_crazy_about_basketball_since_it_has_been_giving_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenge_in_my_life.
8．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[记牢]
(1)convince sb. of sth.　　　　 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的，深信的
be convinced of ... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion.
②You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.
③It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to_go (go) to school again.
④The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.
单句改错
⑤I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough convinced evidence.convinced→convincing
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。
I,_on_behalf_of_the_Students'_Union,_expect_all_of_you_to_come_and_I_am_convinced_that_you_will_know_the_school's_history_better_by_the_film.
9．survive vi.生存；幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)
[记牢]
(1)survive sth. 　　　　　 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来
survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(几年)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[练通]
单句语法填空
①People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.
②Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
③(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．
翻译句子
④据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
It's_said_that_the_woman_survived_her_husband_by_10_years.
⑤大多数人没有幸免于此， 是我的队友救了我。
Most_people_didn't_survive_this_and_it_is_my_teammate_who_saved_my_life.
[写美]
⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸的传统，特别是在春节期间，在中国已经流传了数千年。
The_tradition_of_paper­cutting,_especially_during_Spring_Festival,_has_survived_in_China_for_thousands_of_years.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She won an award (奖，奖品) for her outstanding performance.
2．I can not get the book I want but can I reserve (预订) it?
3．I just assumed (认为) that the woman standing next to Jack was his wife, but later I knew I made a mistake.
4．Just dismiss (不予考虑) those thoughts from your mind — they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
5．Organize (组织) all the information you have gathered according to your outline.
6．If headaches only occur (发生) at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause.
7．Someone pressed a switch and all the lights on the Christmas tree flashed (闪耀) on together.
8．It's fortunate that all of the family survived (幸存) the terrible earthquake.
9．You have misunderstood Mark — he is not laughing at you; it is American humour (幽默)．
10．Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed (目击) the accident to contact them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
2．Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has_witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
3．David's strength (strong) is that he won't give up whatever difficulty he meets with.
4．The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct) now.
5．The driver of the truck suffered only minor injuries (injure) to his legs and arms.
6．The forecast said that there's a possibility (possible) of snow tonight.
7．Einstein's colleagues convinced him to_write (write) to President Franklin about building a nuclear weapon.
8．Let us assume the theory to_be (be) true.
9．The value and impact of motivation goes beyond our social circle and existence (exist)．
10．The teacher awarded Tom for his good behavior.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Assumed that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.Assumed→Assuming
2．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn't work out the maths problem. puzzling→puzzled
3．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen
4．That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.第一个That→It
5．There is convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convinced→convincing
6．He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by
7．The woman awarded ＄100 with the boy for saving her son.with→to
8．The huge attendance figures for the exhibition witness on a healthy interest in modern art.on→to
Ⅳ.同义句改写/句式升级
1．Jane is one of the witnesses to the traffic accident.
→Jane is one of the people who witness the traffic accident.
2．We finally convinced that we were honest and they decided to cooperate with us.
→We finally convinced them of our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.
3．It hit me that I had met him somewhere.
→It occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.
4．People assume that stress is caused by too much work.(用it作形式主语改写)
→It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work.
5．He was awarded the first prize and felt very proud.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
→Awarded_the_first_prize,_he_felt_very_proud.

(一)课前自主学习

1．step_up　　　　　　　　 加紧，加强，促进
2．due_to[串记1] 由于，因为
3．show_up 出现， 现身
4．take_charge_of 负责，掌管
5．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成；弥补
6．look_into 调查；朝……里看
7．dozens_of[串记2] 许多，很多
8．belong_to 属于，是……的成员
9．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
10．carry_out 实施；完成；执行
11．run_into[串记3] 偶遇，无意中碰见
12．leave_out[串记4] 遗漏；省去；不考虑
13．believe_in 信任
14．be_based_on 以……为基础
15．pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接
16．so_far 迄今为止
17．in_return 作为回报，作为报答

[同根短语串记]
串记1.“因为/ 由于”借口多
①due to　　　　　　　　　 ②thanks to
③owing to ④as a result of ...
⑤because of ⑥on account of
⑦in consequence of ... ⑧as a consequence of ...
串记2.“许多，大量”站站队
①dozens of ②plenty of
③lots/amounts/quantities of ④a large/huge number of
⑤a great deal of ⑥an enormous amount of
串记3.狂背有run短语
①run across偶然碰见 ②run into偶然遇见；撞上
③run after追赶；追求 ④run out被用完，用光
⑤run out of用完，用尽 ⑥run for竞选
串记4.leave短语集锦
①leave behind遗留，留下 ②leave out省去；遗漏
③leave for ...动身到…… ④leave ... alone不管……
⑤leave over留下；剩下

1．receive great interest　　　　　 　 引起了极大的兴趣
2．put on his favourite CD 放他最喜欢的CD
3．a flash of light 一道闪光
4．work on his road construction 忙于道路建设
5．take charge of the case 负责此案
6．no strong evidence for its existence 没有它存在的有力证据
7．be linked to a common ancestor 与一个共同的祖先有关

1．Witnesses also say they saw_Justin_walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。
2．Standing_inside_were_lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
3．Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do_exist.
虽然他从没见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
4．The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of (due_to) their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears (shows_up) out of nowhere.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)
3．(2011·天津高考阅读A)Dinners usually consist of (are_made_up_of) meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
4．(2015·重庆高考阅读C)The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.(用“It is said that”升级该句子)
→It_is_said_that_the_late_musician_Dennis_Brain_has_asked_a_fellow_train_passenger_to_turn_off_his_radio.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)一旦你确定了来北京的时间，一定要让我们提前知道。(强调谓语动词)
Once_you_fix_on_when_to_come_to_Beijing,_do_let_us_know_ahead_of_time.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来给(我们)上课。(be said to do ...)
Some_famous_players_from_the_world_are_said_to_be_invited_to_give_lessons.
3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(完全倒装)
Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are_many_old_people_and_children.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．show up 出现，现身；露面
[记牢]
show sb. around/round　　　　 领某人参观
show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去
show off 炫耀，卖弄
on show 展览，陈列
[练通]　完成句子
①Sometimes very old things show_up in ordinary places.
有时候，非常古老的东西会出现在平常的地方。
②The boss is_showing_us_around/round his factory.
老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。
③Taking photos of food enables people to show_off and share their mealtime moments.
对食物拍照可以让人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。
④Her main job is showing_guests_in_and_out.
她的主要工作是领客进出。
[写美]
⑤(2017·浙江高考书面表达)我计划本周末组织一次郊游，如果你能准时到场，我会很高兴的。
I_plan_to_organize_an_outing_this_weekend_and_I_would_be_very_pleased_if_you_can_show_up_on_time.
2．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理
[辨清]　写出下列句中make up的含义
①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.组成，构成
②They'll do all they can to make up for the economic losses.弥补
③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆
④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造
⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理
[记牢]
make up for 　　　　　　　 弥补；补偿
be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of
由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出；理解，明白
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功
[练通]　用make短语完成下面语段
Our plant ⑦is_made_up_of fifty women workers.Some of them like ⑧making_up so much that they are often late for work.When questioned by the boss, they usually ⑨make_up some excuses for it.What's worse, sometimes some didn't ⑩make_way_for the new workers unless they were given red packets.Even if the boss came in, he couldn't ⑪make_out what was happening.However, all the workers hold the belief that as long as you work hard you'll ⑫make_it one day.
[写美]
⑬(2018·浙江高考书面表达)做一名志愿者也是我提高英语口语和弥补短处的好机会。
Being_a_volunteer_is_also_a_good_opportunity_for_me_to_improve_my_spoken_English_and_make_up_for_my_disadvantages.
3．belong to 属于，是……的成员
[记牢]
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belongings n．　　　　 财产；所有物；相关事物
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Please take fewer belongings (belong) next time. There is little room left in our car.
②She tells her students that the future belongs to the well­educated.
单句改错
③If you love someone, you will like all that belonging to him.belonging→belong
④This is a house belonged to my grandfather.belonged→belonging
[用准]　belong to不用于进行时态，但是它的现在分词形式可以作后置定语。
He took the book belonging to me by mistake.
他误拿了属于我的那本书。
[写美]
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，属于中国一流大学之一。
Peking_University_has_a_long_history_and_deep_cultural_deposits,_belonging_to_one_of_the_top_universities_in_China.
[句式集释]
1．完全倒装结构
[教材原句]　Standing_inside_were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。
(2)Present_at_the_party_were Mr.Green and many other guests.
出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。
(3)Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
(4)Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
(5)Once upon a time there_lived_a_doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)And I remember you have been eager to visit such an exhibition.Now comes the chance.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster, teachers, students and some of the students' parents.(要点句)
2．be said to do ... 据说……
[教材原句]　The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Green is said to be the most restful color.
＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color.
据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。
(2)It is reported that many a new house has been built in the disaster area.
＝Many a new house is_reported_to_have_been_built in the disaster area.
据报道，灾区已经建设了许多新房。
(3)It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
＝Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done)：
Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋
(2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。
(3)Sb./Sth. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth.
＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ...
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday.
＝Our country is reported to hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China.
＝It is believed that arriving at your friend's home early is polite in China.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
look into, due to, make up, step up, show up, belong to, run into, take charge of, dozens of, pick up
1．Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due_to the storm.
2．She did not believe me and told me not to make_up stories.
3．He has stepped_up his training to prepare for the race.
4．You never know when Tracy is coming: she just shows_up when she feels like it.
5．Your complaint is being looked_into;_when we have anything to report we will write to you again.
6．Originally belonging_to Mr.Smith, the house and surrounding farmland were seized in 1889.
7．When I ran_into a problem while making my model airplane, I asked uncle George for help.
8．People are wondering which of the five sons can take_charge_of the company if their father, the general manager now, retires.
9．Yes, I posted an ad in the newspaper.Luckily, there were dozens_of e­mail responses.
10．The motorist picked_up three men along the highway and took them as far as New York.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1．As a science student, I have been studying Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology, and all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.
→As a science student, I have been studying Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology, belonging to the college entrance examination subjects.
2．It is said that the tutor has written a new book about college students.
→The_tutor_is_said_to_have_written a new book about college students.
3．The company that consists of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
→The company that is_made_up_of/is_composed_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.
4．A girl was seated on the ground playing the guitar.
→Seated_on_the_ground_was_a_girl playing the guitar.
Ⅲ.分步写作
看到一位老人跌倒在身边，你扶还是不扶？如今这个问题让不少人纠结不已，某报社对此专就“你是否会第一时间义不容辞地去扶摔倒的老人？”进行了一次调查，结果如图所示。请你写一篇文章向该报社的海外版投稿，描述这一调查结果。

要求：1.简单描述该图反映的问题；
2．分析原因；
3．发表自己的观点。
注意：词数100左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。
An old man has fallen in the street, just several steps away, would you help him or just pass by? This simple question has become a dilemma for many people.
　

　

　

第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点


本文是图表式议论文，时态是一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。写作框架如下：一是描述该图反映的问题；二是剖析问题产生的原因；三是发表自己的观点，提出解决措施。描述问题时注意要把图表反映的现象描述全面，不可遗漏。
要点1－①：根据调查，仅仅有百分之六的参与者愿意马上去帮忙。(according to, be willing to)
According_to_a_survey,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_immediately.
要点1－②：24%的人承认他们不会这么做，其余的没有明确的答案。(admit, definite)
24%_of_them_admit_that_they_will_not_do_so.And_the_rest_don't_have_a_definite_answer.
要点2－①：大多数人担心如果他们去帮助老人，有可能会被控告撞倒了他。(be accused of, knock over)
Most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him.
要点2－②：一些老人选择去敲诈帮助者是因为他们支付不起治疗费用。(blackmail, afford)
Some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_because_they_can't_afford_their_treatment.
要点3：如果政府能改善这种状况，我相信没有人会冒生命危险去假装摔倒。(improve, risk)
If_the_government_can_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk_their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.

第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
拟定的几个要点已基本满足写作要求，第二步可在细节上进行修饰美化，表达上追求更加高级、出彩。要点1－①，加上后置定语“根据一份报纸的调查”让要点表达有事实依据，加上状语“毫不犹豫地”让句子更生动。 要点2－①，我们结合生活实际可以对其进行内容拓展，让信息表达更具体化。
拓展1－①：根据一份报纸的调查，仅仅有百分之六的参与者愿意毫不犹豫地去帮助。(过去分词短语作后置定语， without hesitation)
According_to_a_survey_conducted_by_a_newspaper,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_without_hesitation.
升级2－①：大多数人担心如果他们去帮助老人，有可能会被控告撞倒了他。(there is a possibility that ...)
Most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_there's_a_possibility_that_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him.
拓展2－①：有一些人也担心老人会假装摔倒。(pretend to have done)
Some_are_also_concerned_that_the_old_man_may_pretend_to_have_fallen_down.
升级2－②：一些老人选择去敲诈帮助他们的人是因为他们没有健康保险来支付他们的治疗费用。(The reason why ...is that ..., health insurance)
The_reason_why_some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_is_that_they_do_not_have_health_insurance_to_cover_their_treatment.
升级3：如果政府采取一些措施来改善这种状况，我相信没有人会冒生命危险去假装摔倒。(take some measures to ...)
If_the_government_take_some_measures_to_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk__their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
为使论点突出，逻辑连贯，可适当添加连接词by contrast, to begin with, second, so等对文章进行衔接贯通。
An_old_man_has_fallen_in_the_street,_just_several_steps_away,_would_you_help_him_or_just_pass_by?_This_simple_question_has_become_a_dilemma_for_many_people.
According_to_a_survey_conducted_by_a_newspaper,_only_6%_of_the_participants_are_willing_to_help_without_hesitation._By_contrast,_24%_of_them_admit_that_they_will_not_do_so._And_the_rest_don't_have_a_definite_answer._As_for_the_reasons,_to_begin_with,_most_people_worry_that_if_they_go_to_help_the_old_man,_there_is_a_possibility_that_they_may_be_accused_of_having_knocked_over_him._Second,_some_are_also_concerned_that_the_old_man_may_pretend_to_have_fallen_down.
So_what_should_we_do?_The_reason_why_some_elderly_people_choose_to_blackmail_their_helpers_is_that_they_do_not_have_health_insurance_to_cover_their_treatment._So__if_the_government_take_some_measures_to_improve_this_situation,_I_believe_no_one_will_risk__their_life_to_pretend_to_fall.

理清文体结构之(四)　应用文之通知通告类——抓标题及四大要素，比对定答案
通知通告类应用文结构比较单一，但是信息含量丰富。通知常含有一个主标题，点明通知类型等相关信息，正文常常涵盖通知内容、时间、地点及人物四大要素，文章结尾常常带有一些特别提示。解答此类应用文的关键在于抓住命题敏感点即标题及文中四要素，然后迅速浏览题干，找出题眼，再到文章中寻找与之相关的要素，进而比对信息得出答案。
[抓标题及四大要素]
[高考典例]　2015·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇
[读文解题技法]
主标题表明通知类型及地点
　 ◄
副标题：时间1
　　 　内容1　◄
　　
副标题：时间2
　　 　内容2　◄
　　
副标题：时间3
　　 　内容3　◄
　　
副标题：时间4
　　 　内容4　◄
　　
　　具体联系方式◄
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21：00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More info: www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12­13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk　www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel: 020 7713 0836
1.看主标题知通知类型
由主标题得知英国的London Canal Museum要举行monthly talks。
2.读首段关注特别点
阅读首段了解到monthly talks的起始时间及收费情况。
3.览副标题明层次结构
4个副标题为4次monthly talks的举行时间。
4.分段速读标要素
每个副标题下涵盖开讲时间、人物和内容，标出这些要素，为后面解题做好铺垫。
5.标出题眼找对应点
在题干中找到题眼，并在文中找到对应点，然后与标出的“要素”进行比对，便可得出答案。

[据题眼比对定答案]
21. is the talk on ？
A．February 6th.　　　　　 　B．March 6th.
C．November 7th. D．December 5th.
22. is the topic of the talk in ？
A．The Canal Pioneers.
B．Ice for the Metropolis.
C．Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands.
D．An Update on the Cotswold Canals.
23. will give the talk on ？
A．Miranda Vickers. B．Malcolm Tucker.
C．Chris Lewis. D．Liz Payne.
[答案]　21.C　22.D　23.A
21．题眼人物1副标题：时间1，直接得出答案
22．题眼时间3内容3，直接得出答案
23．题眼内容4人物4，直接得出答案