2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修1Unit1Schoollife



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．literature n．[纵联1]　　 文学
2．Spanish n．& adj. 西班牙语(的)；西班牙人(的)
3．sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑
4．dessert n. 甜点
5．academic adj. 学业的，学术的
6．former adj. 以前的
7．title n. (书的)名称；(文章的)题目，篇名
8．dynasty n. 朝代，王朝
9．somehow adv.[纵联2] 不知为什么；不知怎么地
10．literary adj. 文学的
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．experience n．& vt. 经历，体验
2．earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得
3．average adj.[纵联3] 一般的，普通的；平均的
4．struggle n. 难事；斗争；努力
vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎
5．extra adj. 额外的，外加的
6．exchange n．& vt. 交换；交流
7．donate vt. 捐赠
8．splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的
9．independent adj. 独立的
10．inform vt. 通知，告知
11．run vt. 管理；操作
12．host n. 主持人；主人，东道主
13．charge n. 负责，掌管
vt. 使承担责任；收费
14．event n．[纵联4] (重要)事件；社交活动；比赛项目
15．outing n. 短途旅行，远足
16．generation n. 一代，一代人
17．select vt. 选择，挑选
18．enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的；令人愉快的
19．cooking n. 做饭；烹饪，烹调
20．schoolmate n. 同学，校友
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．respect n．& vt.尊敬，敬重→respectful adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的
2．devote vt.致力于；献身→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．奉献；挚爱
3．challenging adj.具有挑战性的→challenge vt.& n．向……挑战；挑战
4．encouragement n．鼓励→encourage vt.鼓励→encouraged adj.鼓舞的→encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的
5．satisfaction n．满意→satisfy vt.使……满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的
6．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业
7．fluent adj.流利的→fluently adv.流利地→fluency n．流利
8．painting n．绘画，绘画作品→paint vt.油漆；绘画→painter n．画家；油漆匠
9．approve vt.& vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意→approval n．批准，赞成→approving adj.赞成的，满意的
10．preparation n．准备，筹备→prepare vt.准备，筹备→prepared adj.有准备的

纵联1.“文学”内容知多少？
　①literature/drama/poetry 文学/戏剧/诗歌
②classic literature 古典文学
③children's literature 儿童文学
④the Nobel Prize for Literature　 诺贝尔文学奖
纵联2.阅读中不可小觑的单词
①somehow adv. 不知怎么地；不知为什么
②anyhow adv. 无论如何
③anyway adv. 无论如何；不管怎样
④somewhat adv. 有点儿；有几分；颇为
纵联3.“普通/一般/正常……”表达种种
①average user 一般用户
②ordinary family 普通家庭
③common sense 常识
④normal life 正常生活
纵联4.各种“事件”
　①event n. 重大事件；比赛项目；社交活动
sports event 体育赛事
②incident n. (不平常的)事件；事变
the July 7th Incident 七七事变
③accident n. 事故
traffic accident 交通事故

单元话题——校园生活
子话题1　学习过程与评估
①presentation n．　　　　　　 演示；呈现
②diploma n. 毕业文凭；学位证书
③the College Entrance Examination　 高考
④academic performance 学习成绩
⑤make up the exam 补考
子话题2　教学管理与课程
①routine n. 常规
②ask for leave 请假
③skip the class 逃课
④psychology n. 心理学
⑤arts courses 文科课程
⑥science courses 理科课程
子话题3　学校设施与员工
　①multi­media classroom 多媒体教室
②lecture theatre 阶梯教室
③staff n. 全体员工
④subject representative 课代表
⑤tutor n. 家庭教师，私人教师，导师
子话题4　学校活动与收获
　①parent­teacher conference 家长会
②social practice 社会实践
③shape one's character 塑造某人的性格
④widen/expand/broaden one's horizons　开阔某人的视野
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm❶ in her latest role — showing families how to prepare❷ delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget ...In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration❸ on a budget.The team transforms❹ the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
①加黑词块在此处意为：在烹饪上露一手，大显身手；类似短语还有：dance up a storm“舞姿翩翩”，talk up a storm“侃侃而谈”，此类短语含有“以非凡的能力和技能做某事”的意思。
②加黑词在本单元的同根名词是：preparation，“为……做准备”的表达形式有prepare_for或make_preparations_for。
③写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：encouragement
④用本单元所学词汇搭配替换加黑词：exchange_...for
2．(2018·浙江高考完形)One day I met a former❶ classmate of mine who was making a lot of money❷ running❸ a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was boring❹， I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full­time❺.He said without the job, he would simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in college.He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his __❻__ to work and succeed.
So, try filling up your time with other work.
①加黑词在此处意为：以前的， the former ...表示“(两者中)前者的”。
②make money表示“挣钱”，同义短语为：earn_money
③选择加黑词在句中的意思：__B__
A．跑步　　　 B．经营　　　
C．传播　　　 D．操作
④写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：enjoyable
⑤加黑部分可翻译为：把他的全部时间用于他的副业；用本单元词汇devote改写加黑词块：devote_his_full_time_to_doing_his_sideline
⑥选词填空：__A__
A．drive B．struggle
C．energy D．power
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)每个被通知这个活动的人，都可以通过这部短片来体验我们学校的变化。(inform, experience)
Everyone_who_is_informed_of_this_activity_can_experience_our_school's_changes_through_the_movie.
2．(2018·天津高考书面表达)相应地，我们将有机会通过这种有挑战性的竞赛来提高我们的技能，与困难作斗争。(challenging, struggle)
Accordingly,_we_will_be_given_an_opportunity_to_improve_our_skills_and_struggle_with_many_difficulties_through_the_challenging_competition.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．experience vt.经历，体验 n．[U]经验；[C]经历
[辨清]　写出下列句中experience的词性和含义
①I'd like to invite you to experience the newly­run high­speed train to Donghu, which is about 500 kilometers away from here.vt.体验
②Without his wartime experience, Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.n.[C]经历
③First of all, volunteering can help us to learn more about society and gain valuable experience.n.[U]经验
[记牢]
(1)be a(n) ... experience for sb.
　　　　　　　 对某人来说是一种……的经历
have experience in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事方面有经验/在行
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的
be experienced in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事方面有经验/在行
inexperienced adj. 缺乏经验的
[练通]
片段语法填空
④If you are an experienced (experience) traveler wanting to explore China fully, it is recommended that you should travel to Dunhuang, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Turpan, Kashi and Urumqi to follow the footprint of Marco Polo and feel the experiences (experience) of Marco Polo on the journey.This route will be an unforgettable experience for you and it will be fit for you.I believe you can gain lots of experience (experience) and knowledge of traveling from this journey.
一句多译
看起来他似乎并没有训练足球运动员的经验。
⑤It seems as if he has_no_experience_in_training football players.
⑥It seems as if he isn't_experienced_in_training football players.
⑦It seems as if he is_inexperienced_in_training football players.
[写美]
⑧(2018·天津高考书面表达)我知道你在参加机器人技能竞赛 (robotics competition) 方面经验很丰富。
I_know_you_have_much_experience_in_taking_part_in_the_robotics_competition.
2．respect vt.尊敬；尊重 n．细节，方面；尊重；敬意，问候
[辨清]　写出下列句中 respect的含义
①A person might fully disagree with others on any issue, while at the same time respecting those with different opinions and treating them with dignity.尊重
②This proposal given by our tutor is really excellent in all respects. 方面，细节
③I'm sorry I can't come up to your apartment. Give my respects to your parents.问候
[记牢]
(1)respect sb.for ...　　　　　　 因……而尊重某人
(2)have/show respect for ... 对……表示敬意
in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面
with respect to 关于；就……而言
(3)respectful adj. 恭敬的，有礼貌的
be respectful of ... 对……尊重
[练通]
单句语法填空
④Whether you're declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful (respect)．
⑤The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects (respect)．
⑥My English teacher is modest, so all of us show respect for him.
单句改错
⑦I deeply respect him his courage, which has helped him overcome so much difficulty.his前加for
[写美]
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)关于英语口语，我曾在学校口语大赛中获得一等奖。
With_respect_to_spoken_English,_I_once_won_the_first_prize_in_the_spoken_English_contest_in_our_school.
3．devote vt.致力于；献身
[记牢]
(1)devote ... to ...　　 把……奉献于/专注于……
devote oneself to (doing) ... 献身于……；致力于(做)……
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing)． ..奉献于(做)……；专心于(做)……
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Officer Patrick Daugherty entered the home and found Gary and his devoted (devote) cat, Tommy.
②Society even praises “burning the candle at both ends” as a sign of our devotion (devote) to work and family.
③(2016·四川高考)But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.
单句改错
④We teenagers should be devoted to read what we are interested in.read→reading
句型转换
⑤Devoted to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
→Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我经常在空闲的时候和我的同学在学校体育馆打羽毛球。
I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.
4．average adj.一般的，普通的；平均的 n．平均，平均数 v．算出……的平均数；平均为
[辨清]　写出下列句中average的词性和含义
①The average temperature here ranges between 23℃ and 39℃ and 51% of the island is covered with forests.adj.平均的
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person.adj.普通的
③A survey shows parents spend an average of ＄220 a year on toys in Shanghai.n.平均数
④Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour.v.平均为
[记牢]
on (the) average　　　　　　　 平均起来
above/below average 平均水平以上/以下
an average of 平均有……
[练通]　完成句子
⑤There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, on_average 18 students in each class. Tom's score was above_average while John's was below_average.
在这次考试中有90个同学得到了满分，每个班级平均有18人。汤姆的成绩在平均水平以上，而约翰的(成绩)在平均水平以下。
[写美]
⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)在上一次机器人竞赛中，你的测试成绩高于所有参与者的平均水平。
In_the_last_robotics_competition,_your_test_scores_were_above_average_in_all_participants.
5．struggle n．难事；斗争；努力 vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎
[记牢]
struggle for ...　　　　　　　 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against ... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
[练通]　完成句子
①The two boxers struggled_with/against_each_other and the referee separated them.
两位拳击手扭打在了一起，裁判把他们分开了。
②Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.
玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。
③We should help those who are still struggling_for_liberation.
我们应当帮助那些仍在为解放而斗争的人们。
④India had to struggle_to_beat defending champions South Korea 2∶0.
印度队苦战之下才以2∶0击败卫冕冠军韩国队。
[写美]
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)从现在起，你应该为你的未来做准备。为你的梦想而奋斗，你就会获得北京语言大学的录取通知书。
From_now_on,_you_should_prepare_yourself_for_your_future.Struggle_for_your_dream_and_you_will_get_the_offer_from_Beijing_Language_and_Culture_University.
6．exchange n．& vt.交换；交流；兑换
[记牢]
(1)exchange student　　　　　 交换生
in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……)
(2)exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
[练通]　单句语法填空
①Last summer I attended an English summer camp for Sino­US cultural exchanges (exchange), which I have long been dreaming about.
②No money with him, the poor fellow had to be a dustman in exchange for a week's accommodation.
③The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our claims and to judge our actions.
④Their daughter is to go to USA for further education next month and the Browns will like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
[写美]
⑤(2016·天津高考书面表达)通过一些活动，我们彼此交流在学习方法方面的观点，分享一些特别的课程。
Through_some_activities,_we_exchanged_ideas_on_ways_of_study_and_shared_some_special_classes_with_each_other.
⑥(2014·天津高考书面表达)我是李津，高二(一)班班长，很高兴听到你以交换生的身份来到我们学校。
I'm_Li_Jin,_monitor_of_Class_One,_Grade_Eleven.I'm_glad_to_hear_that_you_will_come_to_our_school_as_an_exchange_student.
7．donate vt.捐赠
[记牢]
(1)donate ... to ... 　　　　　　 把……捐献给……
(2)donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物
donator n. 捐赠者，赠送者
[练通]　单句语法填空
①After the earthquake happened, many actors donated much money to the disaster area.
②To help more people in India, the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood donation (donate).
③Doctors are searching a blood donator (donate) to the patient whose blood type is rare.
[写美]
④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在那之后，我们将做一些其他有意义的活动，包括捐赠一些零花钱或书籍给那儿的老人们。
After_that,_we_will_do_some_other_meaningful_activities,_including_donating_some_pocket_money_or_books_to_the_old_there.
8．inform vt.通知，告知
[记牢]
(1)inform sb. that ...　　　　 通知/告知某人……
inform sb. of ... 通知/告知某人……
keep sb. informed of ... 使某人随时了解……
(2)information n．[U] 信息
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2015·福建高考)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
②(2018·北京高考)I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．
③The old man reads newspapers every day to keep himself informed (inform) about what's going on in the world.
单句改错
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.informations→information
[用准]　inform后不能直接跟双宾语，而需借助于介词of，构成inform sb.of sth.结构。
[写美]
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我给你写信是想告知你我们下一次上课的时间和地点。
I'm_writing_to_inform_you_of_the_time_and_place_of_our_next_class.
[联想]　与inform sb.of sth.类似的结构还有哪些？
warn sb.of sth.　　　　　　 警告某人当心某事
cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的疾病
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信某事
accuse sb.of sth. 控告某人某事
9．approve vt.& vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意
[记牢]
(1)approve sth.　　　　　　　 批准/同意某事
approve of sb./sth. 赞成/批准……
approve of one's doing sth. 同意某人做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准，认可
give one's approval to sth. 批准/同意某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Her parents did not approve of her decision to move to the countryside.
②I would appreciate it if you could give your approval (approve) to my application.
句型转换
③The mother didn't gave her approval to her daughter going out at night.
→The mother didn't approve of her daughter going out at night.
[用准]　“同意某人做某事”不可用approve sb.to do sth., 应该用approve of one's doing sth.，其中of是介词，后跟动名词的复合结构。
[写美]
④(2017·北京高考书面表达)经过热烈的讨论，我们一致赞同制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。
After_a_heated_discussion,_we_all_approved_of_our_making_a_video_to_record_our_experiences_at_school.
10．charge n．负责，掌管；费用 vt.使承担责任；收费，要价；控告
[记牢]
(1)in charge of　　　　　　 负责，掌管
in the charge of ... 由……负责/掌管
free of charge 免费
take charge of 负责，掌管
(2)charge sb./sth. for ... 为……向某人/某物要价
charge sb. with sth. 控告某人某事
[练通]
介词填空
①They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.
②As the Community Manager in KidPass, you'll be in charge of a vivid community for parents.
③The man wearing a blue hat was charged with theft in the supermarket.
④These courses are online, free of charge, and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection.
句型转换
⑤The house has been in the charge of Mr.Bell for more than a year.
→Mr.Bell has been in charge of the house for more than a year.
[用准]　in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of。
[写美]　一句多译
(2016·天津高考书面表达)在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和运动的活动，其中一些是由英国学生负责的。
⑥During_the_period_of_two_weeks,_we_held_a_series_of_activities_on_study_and_sports_and_a_few_of_them_were_in_the_charge_of_English_students.(并列句)
⑦During_the_period_of_two_weeks,_we_held_a_series_of_activities_on_study_and_sports,_a_few_of_which_were_in_the_charge_of_English_students.(复合句)
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It retells some of the key events (事件) of the mid­20th century, a song of happy memories of the past and wanting to return to those better times.
2．Ask your teacher for extra (额外的) credit assignments, particularly if you receive a disappointing grade in a subject.
3．Natural selection ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation (一代)．
4．To earn (赚取) enough money to support a large family, Thomas had to work really hard.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate (捐赠) a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
6．I am pleased to inform (通知) you that you have won the first prize in this month's competition.
7．The customers could select (挑选) the appropriate product from this full list.
8．Today I become known as Mrs.Greenthumbs, teaching gardening and hosting (主办) a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very proud.
9．Going for a trip to the famous town was an enjoyable (令人愉快的) experience for me and impressed me a lot.
10．(2018·浙江高考)Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting (尊重) the privacy of your neighbor.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A survey of over 74,000 people found 35 percent slept less than seven hours daily on average.
2．The young editor enjoys writing and is highly experienced (experience) in blogging and social media.
3．To her surprise, the firm's director quickly gave his approval (approve) to her new plan.
4．It's very kind of you to keep me well informed (inform) of what's going on there.
5．You may exchange it for a brown one if your husband doesn't like the color.
6．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to_be_heard (hear)．
7．In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause­and­effect relationship between life satisfaction (satisfy) and successful business outcomes.
8．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings (painting)．
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The experiencing mountain climber gained a lot of experience from his adventure.
experiencing→experienced
2．We should show respect to the old people, which are part of our traditional culture.to→for
3．Despite his terrible injuries, he wouldn't give up the struggle to life.to→for
4．It is reported that the businessman has donated a lot of money for the school.for→to
5．The manager was satisfying to see many new products developed after hard working.
satisfying→satisfied
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．We should keep_ourselves_informed_of the latest development of science and technology.
我们应该了解科学技术的最新进展。
2．Completely devoted_to_the_people,_the doctor gave all his life in saving his patients.
那位医生忠于人民，把毕生精力用于拯救患者。
3．My mother was left in_charge_of_the_company while my father was away.
我的爸爸不在时，妈妈负责这个公司。
4．We students should often exchange_ideas_with our parents, who are_rich_in_
experience,_and above all, love us most in the world.
我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。
5．After leaving the stage, the actor Zhao Liang earned/made_a_living by feeding chickens.
离开舞台后，演员赵亮靠养鸡谋生。

(一)课前自主学习

1．for_free　　　　　　　　　　　 免费；无偿地
2．be_fond_of[串记1] 喜欢，喜爱
3．look_back_(on) 回忆，回顾
4．make_use_of 利用，使用
5．in_charge_of 负责，掌管
6._used_to_do_sth. 过去常常做某事
7．devote_oneself_to_... [串记2] 献身于……
8．in_exchange_for 交换；交流
9．than_usual 比以往
10．more_than[串记3] 超过；不仅仅是
11．on_average[串记4] 平均；普遍，通常
12．take_good_care_of 好好照顾
13．refer_to 指的是；提到；查阅
14．come_up_with 提出；想出
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“喜欢”种种表达
①be fond of 喜欢
②care for 喜欢
③fall in love with 爱上
④be crazy about 对……着迷
⑤be keen on 喜爱
串记2.“devote ...to (介词)”朋友圈
①adapt ... to ... 使适应；使配合
②adjust ... to ... 调节……以适应
③addict ... to ... 使……对……上瘾
④apply ...to ... 把……应用于……
⑤prefer ...to ... 喜欢……胜过……
⑥attach ... to ... 把……附在……上
串记3.比一比，巧记than
①more than 超过；不止；不仅仅是
②no more than 仅仅；只不过
③not more than 至多；不超过
④other than 除了
⑤rather than 不愿；而不是
串记4.“一般(而言)，通常，而”这么说
①as a rule 通常，一般说来
②in general 通常，一般而言
③generally (speaking) 一般地(说)
④on (the) average 一般地；通常

1．opening hours 开放时间
2．attend an assembly 参加晨会
3．earn respect 赢得尊重
4．at the end of their main meal 在正餐结束时
5．during break times 在休息时间
6．Poets of the Next Generation 下一代诗人
7．in the school courtyard 在校园里
8．inform the parents of events such as outing and school plays
告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息

1．We also had different students in some classes, so it_was_a_struggle_for_me_to_
remember all the faces and names.
上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对于我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。
2．Upon_finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
一完成学业，他就开始了中国之旅。
3．The_more choices you have, the_better your decisions will be.
你选择的余地越大，你的决定就会越好。
4．I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.
起初我有些紧张，但所有成员都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2015·天津高考完形)Surprisingly, they didn't laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead.It was also much more_than_we_could_afford (超出我们所能负担的), but far less than the original asking price.(完成句子)
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读七选五)If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)
→If you are_fond_of_building a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to look_back_on the gardens of your youth.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)在那种情况下，根据消费排名买书既方便又实惠。(it作形式主语)
In_that_case,_it_is_both_convenient_and_economical_to_buy_books_according_to_the_ratings.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)新体育场馆很大，能容纳我们学校的全体师生。(so ...that)
The_new_gymnasium_is_so_big_that_it_can_hold_all_the_teachers_and_students_in_our_school.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．for free免费；无偿地
[记牢]
free of charge　　　　　　 免费
(be) free from/of ... 不受……的影响
free ... from/of ... 把……从……中解放出来
[练通]　介词填空
①Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge, playing football and reading stories also free me from/of the heavy work of study.
②Kennedy Space Center Official Guide App is available for free in both the App Store and Google Play.
③You needn't worry about money.With your membership card, you can attend Twilight concerts free of charge.
④The filtration (过滤) system provides the crew with clean air free from fumes.
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)新体育场让我们可以不受坏天气的影响，自由地享受体育活动的时间。
The_new_gymnasium_allows_us_to_be_free_from_the_bad_weather_and_enjoy_the_sports_time_freely.
2．look back (on)回忆，回顾
[记牢]
look around　　　　　　　　 环视
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look forward to 盼望，期望
look into 调查，向……里看
look out for 注意察看，留心
look through 仔细浏览，查阅
look up 查阅；抬头看
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
[练通]　用look的相关短语填空
①As she got up in the morning and looked_into the mirror, she found her face was firm and young­looking.
②After the flight arrived, Sarah Thomas saw a man looking_around curiously.
③Terry, please look_up from your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
④As I saw the old photo, I always looked_back_on the scene where we had met.
⑤You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look_up_to you.
⑥Look_through this proposal for me, and tell me what you think of it.
⑦The day we've been looking_forward_to has come at last.
[写美]
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)谢谢你的信任。我希望我说的话对你有帮助，盼望早日见到你。
Thank_you_for_your_trust.I_hope_what_I_have_said_would_be_of_help_to_you_and_I'm_looking_forward_to_seeing_you_soon.
3．make use of利用；使用
[记牢]
(1)make full/good use of
＝make the best/most of　　　　 充分利用
(2)come into use 开始被使用
be put into use 投入使用
be of (great) use (很)有用
It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Therefore, as high school students of the Information Age, we need to learn to make use of this meaningful tool to communicate and display ourselves.
②As you know, it's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
③There is no denying that the Internet is of great use in our daily life.
句式升级
We should make good use of the class time to help students grasp the text's focus on content.
④The_class_time_should_be_made_good_use_of_to_help students grasp the text's focus on content. (用the class time作主语)
⑤Good_use_should_be_made_of_the_class_time_to_help students grasp the text's focus on content. (用use作主语)
[用准]　此短语中，需要关注两种考查方式：
(1)把use提前使用被动语态；
(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)每天下课后，我们学生和老师都会充分利用这个体育馆做运动。
We_students_as_well_as_our_teachers_make_good_use_of_the_gymnasium_to_do_sports_after_class_every_day.
[句式集释]
1．it 作形式主语
[教材原句]　We also had different students in some classes, so it_was_a_struggle_for_
me_to_remember all the faces and names.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It_is_not_hard_for_one_to_do a bit of good.
对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。
(2)It_is_no_use_crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
(3)It_is_a_fact_that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是不争的事实。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
这一句型中不定式作真正的主语
(2)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋doing sth.
这一句型中动名词作真正的主语
(3)①It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋从句
②It＋动词(seem, happen, occur, make等)＋从句
③It＋is/was＋分词(said, reported, known等)＋从句
这些句型中从句作真正的主语
注意事项
(1)不定式作真正的主语时，其前可以加for sb.(句中的形容词描述不定式行为的性质或特点)或of sb.(句中的形容词描述sb.的性格、品行)；
(2)动名词作真正的主语时，句中的形容词或名词一般是nice, hard, useless, foolish, worthwhile, use, good, fun等。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I'm very delighted to know that you're invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.(开头句)
(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Each Tang Poem is attached to a story, so it's easier for you to understand them.(要点句)
(3)(2018·北京高考满分作文)It's clever of you to choose China for further education, which makes me excited.(要点句)
(4)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.(总结句)
2．upon/on＋n./doing ...一……就……
[教材原句]　Upon_finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Upon/On_hearing the song Little Apple, my little daughter can't help dancing to it.
一听到《小苹果》这首歌，我的小女儿就会禁不住跟着它跳舞。
(2)We got up immediately_the_sun_appeared.
太阳刚露头，我们就起床了。
(3)The_moment_he_retired,_he couldn't wait to live a peaceful life in the country.
一退休，他就迫不及待地想到乡村过平静的生活。
(4)No_sooner_had the performance begun than the lights went out.
演出刚一开始灯就灭了。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句
(2)immediately/directly/instantly＋从句“一……就……”
(3)the moment/minute/instant＋从句“一……就……”
(4)no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...“一……就……”
注意事项
在no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，如果no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·北京高考写作佳句)Upon arriving at a nearby neighborhood, we gave away the dolls to the little kids and elderly people there.(要点句)
(2)(2017·北京高考满分作文)No sooner had we seen the video than the memories of the past came flooding back, which further strengthened a firm bond to our school.(要点句)
3．so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句]　I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
(2)Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。
[析用法规则]

用法归纳
(1)so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：
so＋
(2)such ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：
such＋
注意事项
当“so＋形容词/副词”及“such ...”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如：
So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·北京高考满分作文)The video was so perfect that it was well received.The students and teachers shared a great time.(要点句)
(2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Everyone is faced with such wonderful commodities every day that they find they are difficult to choose from.(要点句)
(3)(2018·北京高考写作佳句)So fast is Beijing developing that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
for free, be fond of, look back on, make use of, in charge of, used to do sth., devote oneself to, in exchange for, come up with, more than
1．Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look_back_on the past.
2．We should make_use_of our time to do useful and productive things.
3．The chief engineer is a man of wisdom, who is in_charge_of directing the building of the subway.
4．Mary was_fond_of running after every new fashion when she was young.
5．Most of schools in that country supply lunch to children for_free.
6．The teacher wondered who could come_up_with a good solution to this problem.
7．I used_to get up late, but I am used to doing morning exercises every day now.
8．After he retired from work, he devoted_himself_to the education in his hometown.
9．I will teach you Chinese in_exchange_for your teaching me English.
10．Listening is more_than just sitting silently while someone else talks.
Ⅱ.句式升级
1．On/Upon arriving at the station, she found the train had just started. (用as soon as改写)
→As_soon_as_she_arrived_at_the_station,_she_found_the_train_had_just_started.
2．He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.(用部分倒装)
→So_loudly_did_he_speak_that_even_people_in_the_next_room_could_hear_him._
3．We must make full use of waste materials to reduce new products.(用use作主语)
→Full_use_must_be_made_of_waste_materials_by_us_to_reduce_new_products.
4．There are many mistakes in my composition and my English teacher can't understand it.(用so ... that ...句式)
→There_are_so_many_mistakes_in_my_composition_that_my_English_teacher_can't_understand_it.
5．Staying up so late is of no use if you don't devote yourself to your study. (用it作形式主语)
→It's_no_use_staying_up_so_late_if_you_don't_devote_yourself_to_your_study.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Martin想了解你的校园生活，请你根据以下要点提示给他写一封信。内容包括：
1．校园环境；
2．课程安排；
3．课外活动。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Martin，
I'm writing to tell you something about my campus life which you want to know about.


How about your campus life? Please write to me soon and tell me about it.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文写作中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。本写作要点表达可以从下面三部分着手：一是校园环境(自然环境和人文环境)；二是课程安排(上午、下午和晚上)；三是课外活动。要点表达要力求准确，避免细节错误。
要点1：环境是十分宜人的，师生是非常友好的。(pleasant, friendly)
Its_environment_is_quite_pleasant_and_the_teachers_and_students_here_are_very_friendly.
要点2：至于学校时间表，我们上午、下午、晚上都上课。(as for, have classes)
As_for_the_school_timetable,_we_have_classes_in_the_morning,_afternoon_and_evening.
要点3：我们每天也有许多课外活动。(after­school activities)
We_also_have_a_large_number_of_after­school_activities.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶，补充定语、状语或更换高级句式，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。例如：要点1，可对学校自然环境进行细节扩充：坐落在一座山脚下，前面有一条小溪经过。要点2，把上午、下午、晚上的课程安排细化，并加上到校的时间。要点3，结合生活实际，写出课外活动的具体内容(如听音乐，跳舞，打球等)。
拓展1－①：我们学校坐落在一座山脚下，前面有一条小溪经过。它的环境很宜人。(with复合结构)
Our_school_lies_on_the_foot_of_a_mountain_with_a_stream_passing_in_the_front.Its_environment_is_quite_pleasant.
拓展1－②：这里的校长、老师和学生都非常友好和乐于助人，这使学习成为一件令人愉快的事情。(which引导的非限制性定语从句， enjoyable)
The_headmaster,_teachers_and_students_here_are_very_friendly_and_helpful,_which_makes_study_an_enjoyable_thing_to_do.
拓展2－①：至于学校的时间表，我们早上有四节课，下午四节，晚上两节。
As_for_the_school_timetable,_we_have_four_classes_in_the_morning,_four_in_the_afternoon_and_two_in_the_evening.
拓展2－②：我们每天早上必须在7：25之前到达学校，因为我们有一节晨读课。(because引导的原因状语从句)
We_have_to_reach_school_before_7：25_am_every_day_because_we_have_a_morning_reading_class.
拓展3－①：尽管学习任务繁重，但我们也有大量的课外活动，如听音乐、跳舞、打篮球、踢足球、打乒乓球、打排球等。(despite, such as)
Despite_the_heavy_and_busy_study_task,_we_also_have_a_large_number_of_after­school_activities,_such_as_listening_to_the_music,_dancing,_playing_basketball/football/table_tennis/volleyball,_etc.
拓展3－②：学习一结束，我们就开始在校园里做运动。(upon doing ..., in the school courtyard)
Upon_finishing_our_studies,_we_start_to_do_sports_in_the_school_courtyard.

第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡


本文的开头、结尾已经给出。要点之后可用“总之，我十分喜欢我的校园生活”这一句进行总结，凸显文章的“总—分—总”结构。结合语篇表达中的并列、因果、递进、转折等关系，可用so, besides, however, in a word等词作好文章的衔接过渡。
Dear_Martin，
I'm_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_campus_life_which_you_want_to_know_about.
Our_school_lies_on_the_foot_of_a_mountain_with_a_stream_passing_in_the_front.So_its_environment_is_quite_pleasant.Besides,_the_headmaster,_teachers_and_students_here_are_very_friendly_and_helpful,_which_makes_study_an_enjoyable_thing_to_do.
As_for_the_school_timetable,_we_have_four_classes_in_the_morning,_four_in_the_afternoon_and_two_in_the_evening.And_we_have_to_reach_school_before_7：25_am_every_day_because_we_have_a_morning_reading_class.However,_despite_the_heavy_and_busy_study_task,_we_also_have_a_large_number_of_after­school_activities,_such_as_listening_to_the_music,_dancing,_playing_basketball/football/table_tennis/volleyball,_etc.Upon_finishing_our_studies,_we_start_to_do_sports_in_the_school_courtyard.
In_a_word,_I_am_quite_fond_of_my_campus_life.
How_about_your_campus_life?_Please_write_to_me_soon_and_tell_me_about_it.
Yours，
Li_Hua

理清文体结构之(一)　应用文之广告海报——抓标题明意图，定区间细比对
“广告海报”主题类应用文是阅读理解常考主题之一，在近5年全国卷应用文中占比高达30%。此类文章生僻词汇多、信息广，阅读枯燥，考生兴趣不高，虽难度不大，但常造成考生非智力因素失分。阅读此类文章，没必要字斟句酌，关键是通过文章一系列的标题明确文章的写作意图所在。掌握文章宣传介绍了什么、有何特点和价值，然后快速浏览题目，依据题干中的关键词定位信息区间，对相关内容进行比对，答案便可确定。
[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ·A篇
[抓标题⇨明意图·定区间]
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
[读文解题技法]
主标题
副标题① ◄
小标题① ◄





小标题② ◄


小标题③ ◄



副标题② ◄
小标题④ ◄


小标题⑤ ◄


小标题⑥ ◄


小标题⑦ ◄
Visitor Information
How_to_Get_to_Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times：Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is Cark­in­Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening_Times
Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday) 11：00 am－4：00pm, 30th March－2nd November.
Admission_Charges
　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　　Gardens
Adults：　　　￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups：　　　￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers'_Market　13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker_Garden_Festival　30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National_Garden_Day　28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter__Market　8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
一看“主标题”断文章体裁
由主标题Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens可推断该文章为一则旅游促销广告。
二找“副标题”知篇章构成
由文中2个副标题可知，本文由两部分构成——与游客相关的信息和特别活动内容。
三研“小标题”析具体细节
游客相关信息中含有3个小标题，分别介绍了到达方式、展览开放时间及相关收费情况。
特别活动中含有4个小标题，分别介绍了在四个不同时间的活动。
四略细枝末节，省读文时间
由以上3类标题可知文章的基本信息，为下面查找题干关键词奠定了基础；至于文章中细枝末节可略读或不读，以节省考场宝贵时间。
五寻题干关键词，比对得出答案
由以上步骤可轻易判断题干中的关键词及其在文中的出处；两者比照、核对可轻易得出答案。

[定区间·细比对]

21.How long does it probably take a tourist to to Holker from ？
A．20 minutes.　　　　　　B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
21.由题干中的“a tourist to drive to”可首先定位到小标题①，再根据解题关键词“drive”及“Manchester”可定位到“By Car”所在段落，比对该段中的内容与选项即可得出答案。
22.How much should a member of a tour pay to visit？
A．￡12.00.　　　　　　　 B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.
22.题干中的“pay”表明这是询问收费情况，可定位区间到小标题③，再由题干中的“group”及“Hall & Gardens”可锁定其下的数字，比对可得出答案。
23.Which event will you go to if you want to see ？
A．Producers' Market.　　 　
B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day.
D．Winter Market.
23.由题干中的“event”可首先定位到副标题②，由解题关键词“a live music show”定位到文章最后一段，再比对所在小标题，即可得出答案。
[答案]　21.D　22.B　23.D