2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修3Unit3Backtothepast




(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．civilization n．　　　　 文明
2．volcano n. 火山
3．erupt vi.[纵联1] (火山等)爆发
4．commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的
5．sandstorm n．[纵联2] 沙尘暴，风沙
6．institute n. (教育或其他专业)机构，研究所
7．corrupt vt. 使腐化，使堕落
adj. 贪污的，腐败的
8．lecture n. 讲座
9．sailor n. 水手，海员
10．historical adj. 历史的；与历史研究相关的
11．solution n. 解决办法，解答
12．philosophy n. 哲学
13．researcher n. 研究者，调查者
14．scholar n. 学者
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．found vt. 兴建，创建
2．flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
3．true­to­life adj. 逼真的
4．disaster n. 灾难
5．destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁
6．cultural adj. 文化的
7．ruin n.
vt.[纵联3] 废墟；毁坏破坏，毁灭
8．pour vi.& vt. 涌流，倾泻；倒出(液体)
9．document n. 文献，文件
10．nearby adv.& adj. 在附近(的)
11．extreme adj. 极度的；极端的
12．complain vi. 抱怨
13．audience n. 观众，听众
14．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼
15．poison n. 毒药，毒物
vt. 毒害，下毒
16．declare vt. 宣布，宣称
17．march vi.&n.[纵联4]　 前进，进发；游行
18．ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
19．judge v. 判断；审判
n. 法官，审判员；裁判员
20．material n. 材料，物质
adj. 物质的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately_adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
2．decorate vt.装饰，装潢→decoration n．装饰，装饰品
3．wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n．财富，财产
4．gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradual adj.渐渐的，逐渐的
5．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remain v．遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的
6．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆发
7．expression n．表达；表情，神色→express vt.表达，表示
8．powerful adj.强有力的→power n．动力，权力
9．memorial n．纪念馆，纪念碑adj.纪念的→memory n．记忆(力)；回忆→memorize vt.记忆；背诵
10．educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家
11．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识
12．basis n．基础；基准；原因→basic adj.基础的→base n．基地；根基；基础v.以……为基础

纵联1.词根“­rupt”“破”法多
①erupt火山“爆发”向外破　 ②interrupt“打搅”是在中间破
③corrupt“腐败”是共同破 ④abrupt“唐突”把气氛打破
⑤bankrupt银行打破是“破产”
纵联2.“n.＋n.”合成词一览
①steamboat汽船 ②armchair扶手椅
③sandstorm沙尘暴 ④teamwork协作
⑤airfield(军用)机场
纵联3.与众不同的“复数形式”名词
①ruins废墟 ②pains操劳
③ashes灰烬 ④sufferings苦难
⑤fires火灾 ⑥floods洪灾，涝灾
纵联4.“走”遍天下
①wander vi.漫步；闲逛 ②pace v．踱步；缓慢而行
③crawl v．爬行；匍匐行进 ④march v．行军，进军
⑤rush v．冲；奔；闯 ⑥walk v．散步；步行

单元话题——消失的文明
子话题1　自然环境保护
①environmentally­friendly adj.　 环保的
②replace/substitute vt. 取代
③recycle vt. 回收；再循环
④limited natural resources 有限的自然资源
⑤alternative energy 可替代能源
⑥live a low­carbon life 过低碳生活
⑦raise one's environmental awareness
提高某人的环保意识
⑧take action/steps/measures to do sth.
采取措施做某事
子话题2　文化遗产保护
①heritage n．遗产 ②symbol n．象征
③cultural exchange文化交流 ④cultural relics文物
⑤local culture本土文化 ⑥mass culture大众文化
⑦traditional culture 传统文化
⑧traditional values 传统价值观
⑨spiritual civilization 精神文明
⑩humane historical sites 人文历史遗址
⑪local customs and practices 风土人情
⑫national identity and value 民族认同和价值观
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读七选五)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, __❶__ (gradually) increases in the length of the runs ...With each day, increase the distance by a half mile.After two weeks, start timing yourself. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up❷ a timetable for the remaining❸ weeks before the race.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：gradual
②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：found
③写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：remains；加黑词意为“剩余的”，用作前置定语。
2．(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)You may think that sailing❶ is a difficult sport, but it is really❷ not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic❸ rules about the wind.
First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead❹ or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：sailor
②加黑词的形容词是：real，其在本单元的近义词是：true­to­life
③写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：basis
④选择加黑词在句中的意思：__B__
A．向前　　 B．在前面　　　　C．预先
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)幸运的是，我们学校成立了一个排球队和一个篮球队。我们都意识到体育锻炼的重要性。(fortunate, found, aware)
Fortunately,_our_school_founded_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team._We_are_all_aware_of_the_importance_of_physical_training.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)播放结束后，预期所有观众都要对这部短片发表意见和看法，我们将见证我们学校的辉煌，我们正在一起成长。(audience, glory)
After_the_film,_all_the_audiences_are_expected_to_make_comments_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.We_will_witness_the_glory_of_our_school,_and_we_are_growing_together.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)
[记牢]
pour into/in　　　　　 涌入/涌进
pour ...into 把……倒入；大量投资于
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour out 斟，倒(饮料)；倾吐，倾诉
[练通]　完成句子
①The mist. The damp air. The noise. It feels like a mighty storm is_pouring_down.
薄雾，潮湿的空气，噪音，感觉就像一场狂风暴雨正倾泻而下。
②Large quantities of waste water were_poured_into_rivers without being cleaned in the past.
在过去，大量废水未经净化就被倒入河流。
③You do the honors and_pour_out_the_tea while I bring in the cakes.
你来倒茶招待客人，我去拿糕点。
[写美]
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)每个人都可以倾诉心声，表达他们对学校变化的看法。
Everyone_can_pour_out_their_hearts_and_express_their_opinions_about_our_school's_changes.
2．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
[记牢]
flee to ...　　　　　　　　　　　 逃到某地
flee from ...(＝escape from) 从……逃离
[练通]　完成句子
①When the war broke out, he fled_to Yunnan of China with his wife.
战争爆发后，他携妻子逃到了中国云南。
②The people got into a panic and fled_from_the_fire.
人们惊恐万分地逃离了火灾现场。
[写美]
③(2016·四川高考书面表达)我喜欢去河里游泳以逃离夏天的酷热。
I_like_to_swim_in_the_river_to_flee_from_the_extreme_heat_in_summer.
3．ruin n．[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产
[记牢]
(1)lie/be in ruins　　 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏
bring ... to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/某人
ruin one's health/fame/future
毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
[练通]
单句语法填空
①When the rescuers reached the ruins (ruin) of a young woman's house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.
②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the big flood.
单句改错
③You will bring yourself to ruins if you don't take your study seriously.ruins→ruin
完成句子
④The whole city lay_in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。
⑤Drunk driving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passers­by.
酒后驾驶不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名过路人死亡。
[写美]
⑥(2017·江苏高考书面表达)一些不好的因素正在破坏着电影产业的未来，因此电影产业应该做出更大努力来吸引更多的观众。
Some_bad_factors_are_ruining_the_future_of_film_industry,_so_great_efforts_should_be_made_to_attract_more_audience._
4．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
[记牢]
(1)the remains of ...　　　　 ……的遗迹
(2)remain＋
(3)remaining adj. 剩余的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It remains to_be_seen (see) whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
②The guests came in, but she remained seated (seat) at the desk reading.
③He bought a new pen with the remaining (remain) money.
④The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hungrily.
完成句子
⑤But that moment I met her will remain_in_my_mind_and_my_heart_forever.
但我遇见她的那一刻，将永远留在我的脑海和我的心中。
[用准]　当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在观看短片时，你们所有人都必须保持安静。
When_watching_the_movie,_all_of_you_are_required_to_remain_quiet.
5．complain vi.抱怨
[记牢]
(1)complain that ...　　　　　　　　 抱怨……
complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；投诉
make a complaint against/about ... 对……投诉
[练通]　完成句子
①Those who are going through the unpleasant time often complain_about how hard their lives are.
那些过得不开心的人经常抱怨他们的生活有多么艰难。
②Many people complain_that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.
许多人抱怨他们的工作既无趣又有压力。
③I'd like to make_a_complaint_about the noise upstairs.
我要就楼上的噪音问题提出投诉。
[写美]
④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)我们应该严格自愿地遵守交通规则，在红灯时停车，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
We_should_strictly_and_voluntarily_follow_traffic_rules,_stopping_at_the_red_light_rather_than_complaining_about_traffic_jams.
6．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
[记牢]
declare sb./sth. to be　　　　　 宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that 宣布……
[练通]
用适当的介词填空
①When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy, which made them unhappy.
②It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.
句型转换
③Our school declared that the girl was head of our department.
→Our school declared_the girl to be head of our department.
[写美]
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)我知道你对中国文化感兴趣，所以我宣布北京大学是你最好的选择。
I_know_you're_interested_in_Chinese_culture,_so_I_declare_Peking_University_to_be_your_best_choice.
7．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
[记牢]
ahead of　　　　　　　 在……前面
ahead of time/schedule 提前
go ahead 进行吧，干吧
[练通]　完成句子
①I thought we'd be late for the concert, but we ended up getting there ahead_of_time.
我认为我们音乐会会迟到，但我们最终提前到达了那里。
②—I probably shouldn't have any more cake.
—Oh, go_ahead. It won't kill you.
——我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了。
——哦，吃点吧。对你没有害处的。
[写美]
③(2018·天津高考书面表达)我会提前发送一份详细的培训计划到你的邮箱，以便你能给出一些建设性的建议。
I_will_send_a_detailed_training_schedule_to_your_mailbox_ahead_of_time_so_that_you_can_give_some_constructive_suggestions.
8．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
[记牢]
(1)be aware that ...　　　　　　 知道，体会到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到
as far as I'm aware ... 据我所知……
(2)awareness n. 认识，意识
raise one's awareness about/of 提高某人对……的认识
[练通]
单句语法填空
①This should serve as a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
②If your awareness (aware) is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
完成句子
③We should take measures to raise_people's_awareness_of_this_problem.
我们应采取措施来提高人们对这个问题的认识。
④As_far_as_I'm_aware，we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldn't be too greedy for wealth.
据我所知，我们应该通过辛勤劳动赚钱，而且我们不应该对财富太贪婪。
⑤That accident made_him_aware_of the serious result of drinking and driving.
那次事故使他意识到酒后驾驶的严重后果。
[写美]
⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)一些驾驶员、骑自行车的人和行人缺乏遵守交通规则的意识，因为他们似乎意识不到哪些应该做、哪些不应该做。
Some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_lack_the_awareness_of_obeying_the_traffic_rules_for_the_reason_that_they_seem_un­aware_of_the_dos_and_don'ts_on_the_road.
9．judge n．法官；审判员；裁判员vt.判断；审判；裁判
[记牢]
(1)judge ...from/by ...　　 从……来判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价
[练通]
单句语法填空
①All under 30 years old, the candidates were examined by a group of judges (judge) in their fields.
②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by what you wear.
④The accident was caused by an error of judgement (judge) on the part of the pilot.
完成句子
⑤Judging_by/from_the_smell,_the food must be delicious.
根据香味来判断，这种食物一定很美味。
⑥As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.
依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。
[用准]　judging from/by用在句首，作为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
[写美]
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)我们都知道，大部分的消费排名都是基于其他人对有关产品或服务的判断。
As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others'_judgement_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With building materials (材料) rising, the price of the housing is getting more and more expensive nowadays.
2．Honestly speaking, it was my teacher's influence that made me finally take up my present career as a biology researcher (研究者)．
3．Huge areas of rainforest are being destroyed (毁坏) every year by multinational companies seeking quick profits.
4．The flower managers have decorated (装饰) the church beautifully for the ceremony.
5．Mexicans celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico declared (宣布) independence from Spain.
6．Without saying a word, Anna took hold of my arm and marched (前进) me off to the headmaster's office.
7．The sweat was pouring (倾泻) down her face by the end of the race.
8．We are working under extreme (极度的) pressure at the moment.
9．Opening the door, I saw the remains (剩余物) of a half­eaten meal were still on the table.
10．Those corrupt (腐败的) officials fattened themselves by drinking the people's life­blood.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．If you wish to make a complaint (complain) about that, you should see the manager.
2．The sky was darkened by the heavy smoke pouring (pour) from the factory.
3．Doctors say anger can be an extremely (extreme) harmful emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it.
4．An accident happened on the way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.
5．We can learn a lot about how humans adapt to dramatic climate change from these remains (remain)．
6．Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful.
7．As a world cultural (culture) relic, the Great Wall needs protection from both Chinese people and foreign tourists, a company manager said.
8．As more and more African importers look to China as a source of goods, there is a growing awareness (aware) that buyers need to know how to access good quality items.
9．I went to a workshop and gradually (gradual) got good at making things with clay (黏土)．
10．In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June as Father's Day.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Many refugees have been forced to flee to their homeland.去掉第二个to或第二个to→from
2．Although judging to be the best in a recent science competition, the student remains modest.judging→judged
3．Unfortunate, he was not Tom's friend, but a complete stranger.
Unfortunate→Unfortunately
4．Everyone should be aware with the real situation of water shortage.with→of
5．I think there is one problem remains to be solved.remains→remaining
6．After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.
ruin→ruins
7．Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income.found→founded
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The People's Republic of China was_founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
2．People pour_into big department stores when they have sales.
大百货商店大减价的时候人们蜂拥而至。
3．The church built hundreds of years ago has_fallen_into_ruin.
建于几百年前的那座教堂已破败不堪。
4．The cultural scholar has_studied_the_remains for five years.
这位文化学者研究这里的遗迹已经5年了。
5．They made_a_complaint_of injustice in the way they had been treated.
他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
6．We declare_that these decisions shall not be carried into practice.
我们宣布这些决议将不执行。
7．Judging_from/by_what_he_said,_he was very disappointed.
从他说的话来看，他非常失望。
8．Smokers are_well_aware_of the dangers of smoking to their own health.
吸烟的人都非常清楚吸烟对自身健康的危害。


(一)课前自主学习

1．take_over[串记1]　 夺取；接管
2．in_memory_of 纪念
3．no_doubt[串记2] 无疑，确实
4．rise_up_against 起义，反抗
5．stand_in_one's_path 阻碍(某人)
6．come_down_with 患(病)
7．be_buried_alive 被活埋
8．turn_out 结果是，证明是
9．break_down 毁掉；身体垮掉；抛锚
10．together_with 与……一起
11．pour_out 涌出
12．focus_on 集中(精力)于
13．carry_out 实施；执行
14．on_board[串记3] 在船上(飞机上或火车上)
15．have_enough_of[串记4] 对……感到厌烦
16．become_aware_of 意识到，知道

[同根短语串记]
串记1.聚焦take短语
①take up 拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；
占(时间、地方)
②take in 接纳；吸收；包括；理解；欺骗
③take off 脱下(衣帽等)；起飞
④take on 雇用；呈现(面貌)；具有(特征)
⑤take over 接管；接任；接替
⑥take back 收回；接回；退回
⑦take down 写下；记下；拆下；拆掉
串记2.“no＋n.”短语小结
　①no doubt 无疑，确实
②no wonder 难怪
③no way 没门，不行
④no hurry 不急，勿慌
⑤no problem 没问题
⑥no surprise 毫无意外
串记3.“on＋n.”短语集锦
　①on board 在船上(飞机上或火车上)
②on fire 着火
③on trial 在试用
④on strike 在罢工
⑤on business 出差
⑥on display/show 在展出
⑦on sale 出售
串记4.“讨厌”就要说出来
　①have enough of 对……感到厌烦
②be tired of 厌烦于……
③be bored with 厌烦于……
④be fed up with 厌烦于……

1．lost civilizations　　　　　　　遗失的文明
2．attend a lecture about Pompeii 听了一场有关庞贝的讲座
3．cause much damage 造成了很大的破坏
4．step in_the mud 在泥泞中行走
5．fail to flee the city 没能逃离城市
6．a stopping point on the famous Silk Road
丝绸之路上的停靠点
7．the remains of buildings 建筑遗迹
8．take the time to answer all our questions
不慌不忙地回答我们所有的问题

1．Near_the_city_was a volcano.
离该城不远处有一座火山。
2．It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash.
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
3．The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand — what a pity!
这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿洲，但是大树被砍倒了，这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖——多么遗憾啊！
4．In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board.
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)However, the railway quickly proved to be (turned_out) a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. (用本单元的短语升级加黑部分)
2．(2009·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may suffer from (come_down_with) monkey­pox (猴痘)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)如果你方便的话，我们希望你能加入我们。(wish for, 动名词的复合结构)
If_it_is_convenient_to_you,_we_would_wish_for_your_joining_us.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你要去一个中国朋友家里做客，我非常开心。下面有一些你需要注意的细节。(完全倒装)
I'm_very_delighted_to_know_that_you_are_going_to_pay_a_visit_to_a_Chinese_family._Here_are_some_details_that_you_should_pay_attention_to.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)而且，随着体育馆的建立，许多体育赛事可以在这里举行，其中乒乓球和跑步竞赛非常受欢迎。(with复合结构， together with)
Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held_here,_of_which_ping­pong,_together_with_running_competitions_enjoys_great_popularity.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]

1．take over夺取，占据；接替；接管
[记牢]
take away　　　　　 拿走；夺走
take down 写下，记下；拆卸
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收容
take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on 接纳；雇佣；呈现；承担
take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事；继续
[练通]　介、副词填空
①You have to learn to take down the key points even though you don't take them in.
②When Mr. Green retired, his son took over the business from him.
③Smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.
④Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
⑤He witnessed to having seen the man take away the case.
⑥In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.
[写美]
⑦(2018·浙江高考书面表达)当一个志愿者生病时，我接替了她的工作。那些美国学生对我评价很高。
When_a_volunteer_was_ill,_I_took_over_the_task_from_her._Those_American_students_thought_highly_of_me.
2．in memory of纪念
[记牢]
in terms of　　　　　　　 就……而言
in need/want of 需要
in favor of 赞同；支持
in praise of 赞扬
in honour of 为了向……表示敬意
in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
in search of 寻找
in support of 支持
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①In_terms_of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.
②I heard of a forcible argument in_favor_of the new policy.
③My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 in_support_of a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
④A ten­foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in_memory_of its builder and his devotion to the project.
⑤A banquet was given_in_honour_of the distinguished guests from Tsinghua University.
⑥In_view_of the experience of the 20th century, many observers predict that economic growth will slow down.
⑦Energy policy is badly_in_need_of radical re­examination.
[写美]
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我了解到我们学校的英语协会现在需要一些志愿者来接待来我们学校参观的外国学生。
I've_learned_that_the_English_Association_of_our_school_is_now_in_need_of_some_volunteers_to_receive_foreign_students_visiting_our_school.
3．no doubt无疑，确实
[记牢]
(1)There is no doubt that ...　 　 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether ... 怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don't doubt that ... 不怀疑……
doubt whether/if ... 怀疑/不相信是否……
[练通]
对比填空：that/whether/if
①There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
②I don't doubt that my father will come to watch my performance, but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
③This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
一句多译
我怀疑我的表妹是否会接受他的邀请。
④_I_doubt_whether/if my cousin will accept his invitation.(doubt v．)
⑤I_have_some_doubt_whether_my cousin will accept his invitation.(doubt n．)
毫无疑问，我会提前完成任务。
⑥There_is_no_doubt_that I can fulfil the task ahead of schedule.
⑦I can fulfil the task ahead of schedule without_doubt.
[写美]
⑧(2015·广东高考书面表达)毫无疑问，它可以增强人们的健康意识，但是更有可能导致过度焦虑。
There_is_no_doubt_that_it_can_enhance_people's_consciousness_of_health,_but_it_is_more_likely_to_result_in_over­anxiety.
[句式集释]
1．动名词的复合结构
[教材原句]　The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand — what a pity!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)I can't imagine Mary's/Mary_marrying such a young man.
我无法想像玛丽嫁给一个这样的年轻人。
(2)What worried the child most was his/him_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.
最让那个孩子担心的是他不被允许去看望生病住院的妈妈。
[析用法规则]
用法
归纳
(1)动名词的复合结构的构成1：名词所有格/名词的普通格＋doing(如Mary's/Mary marrying)
(2)动名词的复合结构的构成2：形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格＋doing (如his/him coming)
注意
事项
如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·天津高考满分作文)I believe your joining our team will benefit us a lot.(要点句)
(2)(2016·北京高考满分作文)Haiguo Tuzhi's introducing modern technologies and ideas to China opened our eyes to the world. (要点句)
2．with复合结构
[教材原句]　In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He stood in the rain, with_his_clothes_wet.
他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
(2)With_her_eyes_fixed_on the work attentively, she didn't know what was happening outside.
因为她的注意力都集中在工作上，她不知道外面发生的事情。
(3)He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring_at_him.
全班同学都盯着他看，他感到更不自然了。
(4)With_machines_to_do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.
由于所有的工作都是由机器来完成，他们将很快收完庄稼。
(5)The child with_only_a_shirt_on was trembling with cold.
只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时，表原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下：
with＋宾语＋

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)With the ratings gaining popularity, more and more people have turned to ratings for help in terms of consumption.(要点句)
(2)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)With the rapid development of the Internet, online voting has become more and more popular.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
stand in one's path, break down, no doubt, carry out, on board, take over, turn out, in memory of, come down with
1．If we neglect our bodies, they will become imbalanced and break_down.
2．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on_board.
3．There's no_doubt that the 3D technology can print a variety of items that traditional manufacturing can't make.
4．It is more difficult to carry_out a plan than to think one out. Just as you know, saying is one thing and doing another.
5．Henry has taken_over the running of the family firm from his old father.
6．It turned_out that this method doesn't work well.
7．Columbia, as can be easily guessed, was named in_memory_of Columbus, who discovered America in 1492, even though he never actually set foot on the land.
8．Many children in the kindergarten came_down_with the flu last week.
9．He has a bad temper and will not listen to anybody, so you'd better not stand_in_his_path.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．她的奶奶去世了，这让那个女孩很难过。(v.­ing形式作结果状语)
Her_grandma_passed_away,_making_the_girl_very_sad.
2．她眼中含着眼泪向她的父母说了声再见。(with复合结构)
She_said_good­bye_to_her_parents_with_tears_in_her_eyes.
3．从扬声器里传来了医生的声音。(全部倒装)
From_the_speaker_comes_the_doctor's_voice.
4．毫无疑问他会成功。(no doubt)
There_is_no_doubt_that_he_will_succeed.
5．他没有准时到达火车站让我们大家都很担心。(动名词的复合结构)
His_not_getting_to_the_station_on_time_made_all_of_us_worried.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假如你是大一新生李华，学校将为大一新生举办主题为“What I Want to Learn in the University” 的英语演讲活动，以让新生规划自己大学的学习、生活。请结合自身看法与以下要点准备一份演讲稿。
要点包括：
1．学会学习：养成良好的学习习惯(可举例说明)……
2．学会与人相处：与人相处融洽，对人真诚、友善，帮助别人，学着独立生活……
3．养成良好的品质：坚定、乐观，挑战困难，努力实现梦想，为未来就业做好准备……
注意：1.词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Good morning! I'm Li Hua, a freshman of our school. I feel it an honor to give a speech here about “What I Want to Learn in the University”．
　
　
　
　
I believe I will live my life to the fullest in the university.
Thank you.
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是一篇演讲稿，应用第一人称进行表述，时态以现在时和将来时为主。要点的组织根据题目要求从三方面入手：一、养成良好的学习习惯；二、学会与人相处；三、培养良好的品质。
要点1：我应该养成良好的学习习惯。(form)
I_should_form_good_learning_habits.
要点2－①：我应与别人友好相处。(get along well with)
I_should_get_along_well_with_others.
要点2－②：我应与别人建立良好的关系。(relationship)
I_should_have_good_relationships_with_others.
要点3：我会学着养成一些优秀品格。我也会学会独立生活。我会为将来的就业做好准备。(develop, quality, make preparations for)
I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities._I_also_learn_to_live_independently.I_will_make_preparations_for_future_employment._
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
拟定的要点与文章给出的开头之间衔接比较生硬，缺少一个过渡句进行统领要点。要点1，可用高级词汇be supposed to升级原句，并扩充养成良好学习习惯的目的，以及养成这一习惯的重要性；要点2，指出“一个班级就像一个家庭，大家应友好相处”，并扩充建立良好关系的方式；要点3，写出良好的品质的具体内容(果断、乐观、学会独立生活等)。作为一篇演讲稿，要点最后应加一句鼓舞性的话进行收尾总结。
过渡句：我最想学会的是以下几点。(主语从句)
What_I_want_to_learn_most_are_as_follows.
拓展1：我应该养成良好的学习习惯，以确保我能继续好好学习。成功的学习是建立在良好的方法和习惯的基础之上的。(be supposed to, make sure, be based on )
I_am_supposed_to_form_good_learning_habits_to_make_sure_that_I_can_continue_to_learn_well,_and_successful_study_is_based_on_good_learning_methods_and_habits.
拓展2－①：一个班级就像一个家庭，在那里我应该和其他人友好相处。(where引导的定语从句)
A_class_is_like_a_family_where_I_should_get_along_well_with_others.
拓展2－②：只有我们真诚善良地对待他人，我们才能与他们建立良好的关系。(only if ...引起的倒装)
Only_if_we_are_sincere_and_kind_to_others_can_we_have_good_relationships_with_them.
拓展3－①：在老师和同学的帮助下，我将学习培养果断、乐观等好品格，我也会学会独立生活。(动名词作介词宾语，并列句)
With_the_help_of_my_instructors_and_classmates,_I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities_like_being_determined,_being_optimistic_and_so_on_and_also_learn_to_live_independently.
拓展3－②：不要忘记设定一个明确的目标，为将来的就业做好准备。(现在分词作状语)
Don't_forget_to_set_a_clear_goal,_making_preparations_for_future_employment._
总结句：我们的决心帮助我们挑战和克服困难，我们的梦想指引我们前行。
It_is_our_determination_that_helps_us_challenge_and_overcome_difficulties_and_it_is_the_dream_that_leads_us_forward.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可适当添加衔接词actually, to begin with, of course, clearly, furthermore, but, as we know, therefore, of course等连句成文。
Ladies_and_gentlemen，
_Good_morning!_I'm_Li_Hua,_a_freshman_of_our_school._I_feel_it_an_honor_to_give_a_speech_here_about_“What_I_Want_to_Learn_in_the_University”．Actually,_what_I_want_to_learn_most_are_as_follows.
To_begin_with,_I_am_supposed_to_form_good_learning_habits_to_make_sure_that_I_can_continue_to_learn_well._Clearly,_successful_study_is_based_on_good_learning_methods_and_habits._Furthermore,_a_class_is_like_a_family_where_I_should_get_along_well_with_others._But_how?_As_we_know,_only_if_we_are_sincere_and_kind_to_others_can_we_have_good_relationships_with_them.Therefore,_with_the_help_of_my_instructors_and_class­mates,_I_will_learn_to_develop_good_qualities_like_being_determined,_being_optimistic_and_so_on_and_also_learn_to_live_independently.
Of_course,_don't_forget_to_set_a_clear_goal,_making_preparations_for_future_employment._It_is_our_determination_that_helps_us_challenge_and_overcome_difficulties_and_it_is_the_dream_that_leads_us_forward.
I_believe_I_will_live_my_life_to_the_fullest_in_the_university.
Thank_you.



理清文体结构之(九)　说明文之现象类——确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法
破解现象类说明文的关键：首先确定主题句，它常常位于篇首，通过主题句确定文章的说明对象。其次，要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法，这是文章的核心部分，是命题的切入点，也是解题的关键。然后迅速浏览题干，结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点，从而确定答案。
[确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法]
[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇
[读文解题技法]
　说明对象
时间1
数字1
时间2
数字2

数字3
时间4

数字5
数字6
数字7
[1]Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter­gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
[2]Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation­state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
[3]At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages
is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
[4]Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question­mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1.速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象
本文的主题句在首段but后，说明语言正在消失这一现象。
2.略读全文查找说明顺序和说明方法
本文以时间顺序采用各种数字来说明语言消失的规律。
3.结合题干要求比对原文定答案
结合题干中的关键词，比对各种数字背后暗含的意义，得出正确答案。

[利用说明顺序和方法巧解题]
28.What can we infer about languages in hunter­gatherer times？
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.

30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？
A.About 6，800.
B.About 3，400.
C.About 2，400.
D.About 1，200.
由关键词第三段中的“时间4”、“数字4”、“数字5”和“数字6”，分析得出答案。
31．What is the main idea of the text？
―→文章主旨题：由说明对象及数字变化得出答案。
A．New languages will be created.
B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
[答案]　28.B　30.B　31.C