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2020版一轮复习英语译林江苏专版学案：必修2Unit1Talesoftheunexplained
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Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．creature n． 动物，(具备某种特征的)人
2．flash n. & vi. 闪光，闪耀
3．detective n. 侦探
4．astronomer n. 天文学家
5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
6．questionaire n. 调查问卷
7．tick vt. 标记号；打上勾；打对号
8．badminton n. 羽毛球
[第二屏听写]
9．centimeter n． 厘米
10．blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格
adj. 空白的；无表情的
11．tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛
12．hairy adj. 多毛的，毛茸茸的
13．appropriate adj. 适当的
14．*alien n．& adj. 外星人(的)
15．*mystery n. 神秘的事或人
16．*comic strip n. 连环漫画
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第三屏听写]
1．tale n． 故事，传说
2．unexplained adj. 无法解释的，神秘的
3．puzzled adj. 困惑的，茫然的
4．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
5．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的
6．disappear vi. 消失；失踪
7．witness n. 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
[第四屏听写]
8．spaceship n． 宇宙飞船
9．assume vt. 假定；认为
10．construction n. 施工；建筑物
11．occur vi. 发生
12．aboard adv. & prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
13．possibility n. 可能性
14．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例
[第五屏听写]
15．journalist n． 记者
16．amazing adj. 令人惊奇(惊叹)的
17．evidence n. 证据
18．injury n. 伤害
19．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散
20．laughter n. 笑，笑声
21．schoolboy n. (学校的)男生
[第六屏听写]
22．base n． 基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt. 以……为基础
23．exist vi. 存在
24．disagree vi. 不同意
25．humour n. 幽默
26．discount n. 折扣
27．statement n. 陈述；声明
[第七屏听写]
28．organize vt. 组织，筹备；安排，处理
29．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金
vt. 授予，奖励
30._attack vt. & vi. & n. 攻击；进攻
31．villager n. 村民
32．fur n. (动物的)皮毛，毛皮
33．track n. 足迹，踪迹
34．length n. 长度
[第八屏听写]
35．examine vt. 检查
36．northwest n. 西北
37．dozen n. 一打；十二个；十来个
38．reserve n. (动植物的)保护区；储备
vt. 预订；保留；储备
39．strength n. 力量，力气
40．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应
[第九屏听写]
41．existence n． 存在
42．convince vt. 使确信，使相信
43．link vt. & n. 联系，关联
44．ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
45．survive vi. & vt. 生存；挺过(难关)
46．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
47．due_to 由于，因为
[第十屏听写]
48．show_up 出现， 现身
49．take_charge_of 负责，掌管
50．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
51．look_into 调查
52．dozens_of 许多，很多
53．belong_to 属于
54．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.creature n． 动物，(具备某种特征的)人
2.flash n．&vi. 闪光，闪耀
3.detective n. 侦探
4.astronomer n. 天文学家
5.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
6.questionaire n． 调查问卷
7.tick vt. 标记号；打上勾；
打对号
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.journalist n. 记者
2.statement n. 陈述；声明
3._attack vt. & vi. & n．攻击；进攻
4.villager n. 村民
5.track n． 足迹，踪迹
6.appropriate adj. 适当的
7.length n. 长度
8.examine vt. 检查
9.dozen n. 一打；十二个；十来个
10.belong vi. 应在(某处)
11.link vt. & n. 联系，关联
12.ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
核心单词练通
1.Wild tigers have completely disappeared (消失) from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat.
2.The letter is based (以……为基础) on the 19day journey of the first ChinaBritain freight (货运) train.
3.(2017·浙江高考)Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (见证) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
4.For years it's been assumed (认为) that brain, much like the body, declines with age.
5.(2017·江苏高考)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur (发生) in China, for instance.
6.I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.
7.As an award (奖品) for your excellent service, I present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.
8.Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount (折扣) and a free delivery.
9.Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence (证据) to support it.
10.(2017·北京高考)Already this year, 115 measles cases (案例) have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2.amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
3.organize vt.组织；安排→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织
4.puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
5.possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
6.injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
7.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一致
8.strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的
9.convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
10.survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
[用准用活]
1.The girl looked at me with a puzzled expression. Maybe that problem was quite puzzling.(puzzle)
2.Smith doesn't want to be involved in the organization of the conference, although his wife wishes him to be the organizer.(organize)
3.His convincing words finally convinced me, and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince)
4.It is necessary we master some basic skills, which will greatly increase our chances of survival.Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
5.Once there is any possibility of you to be admitted to this university, I'll call you as soon as possible.(possible)
6.We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.(amaze)
7.To make yourself strong and increase your strength,_you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
8.A few people agreed to the plan of a lab building, while most people disagreed;_as a result, no agreement was made finally.(agree)
⇩
1.“事”可真多！
①incident 事件
②matter 事件，问题
③business 生意，事情
④affair 事务，私事
⑤issue 问题，事情
⑥event 事件，大事
⑦sports event 体育赛事
2.“发生”一族
①occur 发生，想起
②happen 偶然发生
③take place 发生，举行
④come about (已经)发生
⑤break out 发生，爆发
3．你会“保留/存”吗？
①remain保留 ②reserve保留
③preserve保存 ④conserve保存
4.“信”“不信”由你
①belief n． 相信；信任；信念
②faith n. 信任；信念
③convince v. 使确信；使信服
④suspect vi. & vt. 怀疑；猜想
⑤reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
⑥unbelievable adj. 不可相信的；难以置信的
5．“解雇，开除”须知
①fire开除，解雇 ②dismiss解雇，解散
③discharge解雇，免除 ④remove开除，去除
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第一组
1.due_to 由于，因为
2.take_charge_of 负责，掌管
3.make_up 编造，捏造，杜撰；构成
4.belong_to 属于
5.look_into 调查；检查
6.step_up 加紧，加强，促进
Last week, ①due_to the heavy rain, Li Lei's car knocked into a tree. When the police who ②took_charge_of the case ③looked_into what happened then, Li Lei ④made_up a story that there was a flash of light around his car when the accident occurred.
第二组
1.show_up 出现，现身
2.dozens_of 许多，很多
3.make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
4.carry_out 实现；完成；执行
5.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见
6.leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
Last weekend our class ①made_our_way_to a nearby park for relaxation. Entering the park, I found ②dozens_of tourists enjoying the beauty of spring. I ③ran_into an old neighbour. He said he made an appointment with his friends to meet there, but they didn't ④show_up.
第三组
1.pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接
2.dream_of 梦想
3.believe_in 信任
4.be_based_on 以……为基础
5.send_up 发射，发出
6.so_far 迄今为止
7.in_return 作为回报，作为报答
We don't ①believe_in the miracles. But the eightyearold boy has ②picked_up five languages ③so_far. He said his study ④was_based_on practice. We should make full use of every minute to practice and apply our language. Then we can master it in the shortest time ⑤in_return.
⇩
1.“因为；由于”短语一览
①due to ②thanks to
③owing to
④as a result of ...
⑤because of
⑥on account of
⑦in consequence of ...
⑧as a consequence of ...
2.run短语一览
①run across偶然碰见
②run into 偶然遇见；撞上
③run after 追赶；追求
④run out 被用完，用光
⑤run out of 用完，用尽
⑥run for 竞选
3.“许多，大量”短语集合
①dozens of
②plenty of
③lots/amounts/quantities of
④a large/huge number of
⑤a great deal of
⑥an enormous amount of
4.“in＋n.”短语大团圆
①in total 总计
②in time 及时
③in debt 负债
④in charge 主管，负责
⑤in case 万一，以防万一
⑥in return 回报，作为报答
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。
“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(2016·四川高考满分作文)在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。
In spring, we can always find_some_children_flying_kites in the field.
2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
完全倒装结构：v.ing短语＋be＋主语(主语较长)。
(2016·北京高考写作佳句)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。
Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children.
3.Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do exist.
虽然他从没见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
do“的确，确实”，用来强调谓语动词。
(2018·北京高考满分作文)一旦你确定了来北京的时间，一定要让我提前知道。
Once you fix on when to come to Beijing, do_let_me_know_ahead_of_time.
4.The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
Sb./Sth. be said to do“据说……”，可转换为It＋be＋said that ...。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来上课。
Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons.
考点新组合
阅读微技能
“Look! Here come UFOs！” a citizen called Lu Shan witnessed “Three Suns” in the sky of Leshan of Sichuan. Some ❶________ (puzzle) citizens doubted they were UFOs, but Lu Shan assumed it was possibly caused by the refraction (折射) of the sunlight. ❷However, according to Professor Wang Sichao, it was said to be the “sun dog (幻日)” which is an atmospheric phenomenon that creates three bright spots of light making up “Three Suns”．
1.①处用所给单词的适当形式填空puzzled。
2.②处为复合句，该句式含有两个定语从句，引导词分别是which和that。该句译为：然而，王思超教授说它是“幻日”。_这是一种大气现象，它创造出的三个发光亮点组成了“三个太阳”。
1．witness n．目击者，证人；证据v.目击，见证
(1)be (a) witness to sth. 目击，看见；为……提供证据
give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
(2)witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事
[题点全练]
单项填空
①People like taking photos because photos are the _______ of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.
A．witness B．guidance
C．evidence D．approval
解析：选A 句意：人们喜欢照相，因为照片是青春和历史的见证，它们可以让我们回忆起很多美好的情景。witness“见证”，符合句意。
完成句子
②He is a_witness_to a terrible murder.
他是一起可怕凶杀案的目击者。
③These paintings gave_witness_to the painter's creativity.
这些画证明了这位画家的创造力。
④China_has_witnessed a series of great changes in the past few years.
近几年中国已经见证了一系列重大变化。
[名师指津] see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。
2．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
(1)be puzzled about 对……感到困惑
be puzzled＋疑问词＋to do 对做……感到困惑
(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑
n. 难题；谜
puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的
[多角练透]
单项填空
①The present situation is ________， and we are all ________ about what will happen in the days to come.
A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzled
C．puzzling; puzzling D．puzzled; puzzled
解析：选B 句意：目前的形势令人困惑，我们都对未来几天将发生的事感到茫然。puzzling“令人困惑的”；puzzled“感到困惑的”。
用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段
②Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.
[名师指津] 一些与感觉有关的及物动词，其ing形式常表示“令人……”，其ed形式常表示“感到……”。
3．assume vt.假定；认为
(1)assume that ... 设想/认为……
assume ... to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
[多角练透]
完成句子
①Scientists_assume_that there is no life on Mars.
科学家们认为火星上没有生命。
②Let's assume_him_to_be_late for the meeting.What will happen then?
让我们假设他开会迟到，那会发生什么呢？
③It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
句式升级
④If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@ sina.com.
→Assuming_you_are_interested_in_it,_please send an email to 123456@ sina.com. (assuming)
⑤People assume that stress is caused by too much work.
→It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work. (用it作形式主语改写)
[熟词生义] 读句子猜词义
⑥I made a mistake and I would assume responsibility for it.承担
[联想发散] “假设，如果”的表达法有：
if＝
[真题印证]
⑦(2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the________ you've made.
A．assignment B．association
C．acquisition D．assumption
解析：选D 句意：试着去理解实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。assumption意为“假设”，符合语境。assignment“(分派的)工作，任务”；association“协会；联系”；acquisition“获得，得到”。
4．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理
[一词多义] 写出下列句中make up的含义
①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.组成，构成
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.弥补
③Today it is common that women and girls made up in public.化妆
④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造
⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理
[归纳拓展]
make up for 弥补；补偿
be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of
由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出；理解，明白
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功
[应用领悟]
①I lack work experience, but I'm sure I can make up for it in the future.
我缺乏工作经验，但我确信自己会在今后的工作中弥补这点的。
②The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。
③I heard the voices, but couldn't make out what they were saying.
我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。
④A number of houses would have to be demolished (拆毁) to make way for the new building.
建这幢新大楼将不得不推倒一些房子。
⑤I'd like to ride a bike to travel all over the country, but I still doubt whether I can make it.
我想骑自行车游遍全国，但我怀疑自己能否做到。
5．完全倒装结构
[教材原句] Standing_inside_were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
①Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
②Present_at_the_meeting_were the school headmaster, the English teachers, and the students' parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。
③Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
④Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
⑤Once upon a time there_lived_a_doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
[名师指津] 当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
⑥Look at the little dog! Here it runs.
看那条小狗！它跑过来了。
6．be said to do ... 据说……
[教材原句] The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
(1)Sb.＋ be＋过去分词＋
(2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。
(3)Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth.
＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ...
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信…… /据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……
①Green is said to be the most restful color.
＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color.
据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.
＝Our city is_reported_to_hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.
据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。
③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
＝Carbon dioxide is said to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
The young detective, ❶________ took charge of the case, managed to find out much evidence to convince us of the link between the gold theft that occurred in the supermarket and the vice manager inside who showed up on the scene. Therefore, she was arrested and ❷confessed her crime. Finally the detective received an award for his perfect performance.
1.①处应填的词是who，此处其引导非限制性定语从句。
2.②处confess的意思是坦白。
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中convince的含义
①I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.说服
②You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work. 使相信
[系统考点]
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced of ... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
[练通重点]
单项填空
③(2019·泰州质检)________ that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.
A．Having convinced B．Convincing
C．Being convinced D．Convinced
解析：选D 句意：小男孩在确认他的爸爸会很快回来后平静了下来。前后句之间没有连词，可以判断出应用非谓语动词，convince sb. that意为“使某人确信”，小男孩与确信之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故选D。
句型转换
④He is convinced of the truth of the report.
→He is convinced that the report is true.
⑤In the New York City a friend persuade me into visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art.
→In the New York City a friend convinced me to visit Metropolitan Museum of Art.
单句写作
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。
I,_on_behalf_of_the_Students'_Union,_expect_all_of_you_to_come_and_I_am_convinced_that_you_will_know_the_school's_history_better_by_the_film.
8．occur vi.发生；想到；出现
sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事
[题点全练]
完成句子
①A good idea occurred_to_me when I woke up this morning.
今天早上醒来时我突然想到一个好点子。
②It_never_occurred_to_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。
③It_never_occurred_to_her_to_ask anyone when she was in trouble.
当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。
单句写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。
Besides,_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_should_tell_you_that_you_need_to_avoid_making_noise_while_chewing_food.
[名师指津] “(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
9．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
(1)award sb. for sth. 因为某事而奖励某人
award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物
be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励……
(2)win awards/receive one's awards 获奖/接受颁奖
[题点全练]
完成句子/一句多译
①在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。
In her career, Mary won_many_awards.
②那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。
The old scientist was_awarded_for_his_contributions to his country.
因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。
③The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.
单句写作
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益良多。
Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_you're_an_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.
10．show up 出现，现身；露面
[归纳拓展]
❶show sb. around/round 领某人参观
❷show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去
❸show off 炫耀，卖弄
❹on show 展览，陈列
[应用领悟]
①We had agreed to meet at the gym, but Larry didn't show up.
我们商量好在体育馆见面，但Larry没有来。
②The boss is showing us around/round his factory.
老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。
③Taking photos of food enables people to show off and share their mealtime moments.
对食物拍照使人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。
④Her main job is showing guests in and out.
她的主要工作是领客进出。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Two children are ❶lucky to survive a deadly accident on a river rapids ride in a popular theme park ❷belonging to the local government in Australia. Police say the boy and the girl were thrown clear after the raft overturned with amazing strength. There exist some unexpected accidents occurring every day, so we should pay attention to personal safety.
1.①处lucky可替换成高级词汇fortunate。
2.用定语从句改写句②
which_belongs_to_the_local_government_in_Australia
11．survive vi.生存，幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来
survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(几年)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[多角练透]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
②(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．
完成句子
③Some strange customs have survived_from_earlier_times.
一些奇怪的风俗是从更早些时候流传下来的。
④It's said that the woman survived_her_husband_by_10_years.
据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
12．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势
(1)strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
build up one's strength 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
with all one's strength 竭尽全力
(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固
[多角练透]
单项填空
①To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
解析：选A 句意：为了使队员在比赛中表现得更好，教练首先要了解他们的优势和劣势。strength在此处意为“长处，优势”，故选A。
用所给词的适当形式填空
②Great determination and ambition are his great strengths(strength)．
③Regular physical tests can strengthen (strength) people's health consciousness.
完成句子
④Every morning I'm working out to build_up_my_strength (增强体质)．
⑤The patient was too weak to have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有站起来的力量)．
13．exist vi.存在；生存
(1)exist in 存在于
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s) ... 有……
(2)existence n. 存在
come into existence 成立；开始存在
[题点全练]
单项填空
①The custom of arranged marriages still ________ in many countries.
A．appears B．lives
C．exists D．lies
解析：选C 考查动词辨析。句意：在许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的风俗。exist“存在”，符合句意。
完成句子
②The people trapped in the earthquake existed_on the water for several days.
地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。
③There_exists a good way to solve the_existing_problem in geography.
有一个解决现存的地理问题的好办法。
④Some strange ideas exist_in his mind.
他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。
⑤No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.
没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。
[名师指津] exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
14．belong to 属于，是……的成员
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belongings n． 财产；所有物；相关事物
[题点全练]
单项填空
①You may not understand what they have done, because they ________ a younger generation.
A．belong to B．are belonged to
C．are belonging to D．will be belonged to
解析：选A 句意：你们可能不理解他们的做法，因为他们属于年轻一代。belong to不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态，所以选择A。
完成句子
②She tells her students that the future belongs_to_the_welleducated (属于受到良好教育的人)．
③Please take_fewer_belongings (少带东西) next time. There is little room left in our car.
④In my opinion, you'd better put_the_book_where_it_belongs (把书放在它所在的地方)．
单句写作
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，属于中国一流大学之一。
Peking_University_has_a_long_history_and_deep_cultural_deposits,_belonging_to_one_of_the_top_universities_in_China.
[名师指津] belong to不用于进行时态，但可用它的现在分词形式作后置定语。
⑥As is known to us all, China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
众所周知，中国是第三世界的发展中国家。
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lhakpa joined an expedition of five women in 2000 who convinced (劝说) the government to give them a permit.
2．Let us assume (假定) that people may live to 150 in the future.
3．The crash occurred (发生) when the crew shut down the wrong engine.
4．Though there are no other witnesses (目击者), Lucy insists she saw a man in the yard that night.
5．The expression is probably based (以……为基础) on church customs.
6．His ancestors (祖先) had come to America from Ireland.
7．He was dismissed (解雇) from his job for breaking the company safety regulations.
8．I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.
9．Like her mother, Irene was_awarded (授予) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—You stayed up late again last night?
—Yes. I had to ________ the time lost last week.
A．count on B．appeal to
C．take away D．make up
解析：选D 句意：“昨晚你又熬夜了？”“是的，我必须弥补上周浪费的时间。”count on“指望，依靠”； appeal to“呼吁，上诉，对……有吸引力”； take away“带走”； make up“弥补，编造”。
2．I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ________ me.
A．convince B．inform
C．guarantee D．refuse
解析：选A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明你所说的，也许你就能使我信服。convince“使……相信，使……信服”，符合句意。inform“通知”；guarantee“保证，担保”；refuse“拒绝”。
3．The 18th and 19th centuries ________ the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine.
A．made B．proved
C．spared D．witnessed
解析：选D 句意：18世纪和19世纪见证了电的广泛传播和蒸汽机的诞生。see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，所以选择D。
4．It ________ me the other day that I might not have paused to think of life meaning for years.
A．appealed to B．referred to
C．occurred to D．happened to
解析：选C 句意：前几天，我突然想起，我可能已经好多年没有停下来思考人生的意义了。It occurred to sb.“某人突然想起”，符合句意。appeal to“吸引”；refer to“提起，谈及”；happen to sb.“发生在某人身上”。
5．The bank is offering a(n) ________ to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.
A．reward B．award
C．prize D．bonus
解析：选A 句意：银行向任何一个提供有关抢劫案信息的人悬赏一笔酬金。reward“奖赏，回报”，指对某人所做的努力或工作给予一定的报酬或奖金，符合题意。award“奖品，奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为表现突出而受奖，bonus“奖金，红利”。
6．Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to ________ the countryside.
A．hold on B．fit in
C．turn out D．show up
解析：选B 句意：生长在一个大城市，他发现自己很难适应乡村生活。hold on“继续，不挂断，坚持”；fit in“适应，适合”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；show up“露面，出席”。根据句意可知，B项正确。
7．Poor as she was, she was eager for attention.Thus, she had to think of borrowing some jewels to ________ at the party.
A．show up B．show out
C．show in D．show off
解析：选D 第二句句意：因此，她想借一些珠宝在晚会上炫耀。由“was eager for attention”可知show off“炫耀”，符合句意。
8．(2019·南京三中调研)At noon they got to a hill, on top of which ________， dating back to hundreds of years ago.
A．a temple stood B．did a temple stand
C．a temple did stand D．stood a temple
解析：选D 句意：中午时，他们爬上了山顶，上面有一座庙，有几百年的历史了。当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要用全部倒装结构。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．There_exist_many_differences in higher education between China and America.
中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
2．The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2,000 words by heart so far.
据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。
3．At the school gate sat_an_old_woman,_waiting to see her grandson.
一个老太太坐在校门口，等着看她的孙子。
4．Do_call_your_parents when you get to Peking University.
你到北京大学后务必给你的父母打电话。
5．It_occurred_to_me_that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
我突然想起来我把伞忘在楼上了。
Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括
阅读本单元Reading部分，试着以约30个词概括课文“Boy missing, police puzzled”(P2－3)的文章大意。
This story is about the strange disappearance of an American boy, Justin Foster, a high school student. Some people say he is taken away by aliens. Justin's sister says she sees a bright light around midnight, which seems to be moving. But there is no hard evidence to prove it. At the same time the police are looking into other possibilities.
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．creature n． 动物，(具备某种特征的)人
2．flash n. & vi. 闪光，闪耀
3．detective n. 侦探
4．astronomer n. 天文学家
5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
6．questionaire n. 调查问卷
7．tick vt. 标记号；打上勾；打对号
8．badminton n. 羽毛球
[第二屏听写]
9．centimeter n． 厘米
10．blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格
adj. 空白的；无表情的
11．tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛
12．hairy adj. 多毛的，毛茸茸的
13．appropriate adj. 适当的
14．*alien n．& adj. 外星人(的)
15．*mystery n. 神秘的事或人
16．*comic strip n. 连环漫画
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第三屏听写]
1．tale n． 故事，传说
2．unexplained adj. 无法解释的，神秘的
3．puzzled adj. 困惑的，茫然的
4．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
5．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的
6．disappear vi. 消失；失踪
7．witness n. 目击者，证人
vt. 目击，见证
[第四屏听写]
8．spaceship n． 宇宙飞船
9．assume vt. 假定；认为
10．construction n. 施工；建筑物
11．occur vi. 发生
12．aboard adv. & prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
13．possibility n. 可能性
14．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例
[第五屏听写]
15．journalist n． 记者
16．amazing adj. 令人惊奇(惊叹)的
17．evidence n. 证据
18．injury n. 伤害
19．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散
20．laughter n. 笑，笑声
21．schoolboy n. (学校的)男生
[第六屏听写]
22．base n． 基地，大本营；底部；基础
vt. 以……为基础
23．exist vi. 存在
24．disagree vi. 不同意
25．humour n. 幽默
26．discount n. 折扣
27．statement n. 陈述；声明
[第七屏听写]
28．organize vt. 组织，筹备；安排，处理
29．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金
vt. 授予，奖励
30._attack vt. & vi. & n. 攻击；进攻
31．villager n. 村民
32．fur n. (动物的)皮毛，毛皮
33．track n. 足迹，踪迹
34．length n. 长度
[第八屏听写]
35．examine vt. 检查
36．northwest n. 西北
37．dozen n. 一打；十二个；十来个
38．reserve n. (动植物的)保护区；储备
vt. 预订；保留；储备
39．strength n. 力量，力气
40．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应
[第九屏听写]
41．existence n． 存在
42．convince vt. 使确信，使相信
43．link vt. & n. 联系，关联
44．ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
45．survive vi. & vt. 生存；挺过(难关)
46．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
47．due_to 由于，因为
[第十屏听写]
48．show_up 出现， 现身
49．take_charge_of 负责，掌管
50．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
51．look_into 调查
52．dozens_of 许多，很多
53．belong_to 属于
54．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识记单词写对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.creature n． 动物，(具备某种特征的)人
2.flash n．&vi. 闪光，闪耀
3.detective n. 侦探
4.astronomer n. 天文学家
5.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
6.questionaire n． 调查问卷
7.tick vt. 标记号；打上勾；
打对号
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.journalist n. 记者
2.statement n. 陈述；声明
3._attack vt. & vi. & n．攻击；进攻
4.villager n. 村民
5.track n． 足迹，踪迹
6.appropriate adj. 适当的
7.length n. 长度
8.examine vt. 检查
9.dozen n. 一打；十二个；十来个
10.belong vi. 应在(某处)
11.link vt. & n. 联系，关联
12.ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
核心单词练通
1.Wild tigers have completely disappeared (消失) from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat.
2.The letter is based (以……为基础) on the 19day journey of the first ChinaBritain freight (货运) train.
3.(2017·浙江高考)Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (见证) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
4.For years it's been assumed (认为) that brain, much like the body, declines with age.
5.(2017·江苏高考)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur (发生) in China, for instance.
6.I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.
7.As an award (奖品) for your excellent service, I present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.
8.Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount (折扣) and a free delivery.
9.Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence (证据) to support it.
10.(2017·北京高考)Already this year, 115 measles cases (案例) have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.construction n．施工；建筑物→construct vt.建造
2.amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
3.organize vt.组织；安排→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织
4.puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
5.possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
6.injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的
7.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一致
8.strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的
9.convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
10.survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
[用准用活]
1.The girl looked at me with a puzzled expression. Maybe that problem was quite puzzling.(puzzle)
2.Smith doesn't want to be involved in the organization of the conference, although his wife wishes him to be the organizer.(organize)
3.His convincing words finally convinced me, and I was convinced that he was innocent.(convince)
4.It is necessary we master some basic skills, which will greatly increase our chances of survival.Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
5.Once there is any possibility of you to be admitted to this university, I'll call you as soon as possible.(possible)
6.We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.(amaze)
7.To make yourself strong and increase your strength,_you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
8.A few people agreed to the plan of a lab building, while most people disagreed;_as a result, no agreement was made finally.(agree)
⇩
1.“事”可真多！
①incident 事件
②matter 事件，问题
③business 生意，事情
④affair 事务，私事
⑤issue 问题，事情
⑥event 事件，大事
⑦sports event 体育赛事
2.“发生”一族
①occur 发生，想起
②happen 偶然发生
③take place 发生，举行
④come about (已经)发生
⑤break out 发生，爆发
3．你会“保留/存”吗？
①remain保留 ②reserve保留
③preserve保存 ④conserve保存
4.“信”“不信”由你
①belief n． 相信；信任；信念
②faith n. 信任；信念
③convince v. 使确信；使信服
④suspect vi. & vt. 怀疑；猜想
⑤reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
⑥unbelievable adj. 不可相信的；难以置信的
5．“解雇，开除”须知
①fire开除，解雇 ②dismiss解雇，解散
③discharge解雇，免除 ④remove开除，去除
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第一组
1.due_to 由于，因为
2.take_charge_of 负责，掌管
3.make_up 编造，捏造，杜撰；构成
4.belong_to 属于
5.look_into 调查；检查
6.step_up 加紧，加强，促进
Last week, ①due_to the heavy rain, Li Lei's car knocked into a tree. When the police who ②took_charge_of the case ③looked_into what happened then, Li Lei ④made_up a story that there was a flash of light around his car when the accident occurred.
第二组
1.show_up 出现，现身
2.dozens_of 许多，很多
3.make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
4.carry_out 实现；完成；执行
5.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见
6.leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
Last weekend our class ①made_our_way_to a nearby park for relaxation. Entering the park, I found ②dozens_of tourists enjoying the beauty of spring. I ③ran_into an old neighbour. He said he made an appointment with his friends to meet there, but they didn't ④show_up.
第三组
1.pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接
2.dream_of 梦想
3.believe_in 信任
4.be_based_on 以……为基础
5.send_up 发射，发出
6.so_far 迄今为止
7.in_return 作为回报，作为报答
We don't ①believe_in the miracles. But the eightyearold boy has ②picked_up five languages ③so_far. He said his study ④was_based_on practice. We should make full use of every minute to practice and apply our language. Then we can master it in the shortest time ⑤in_return.
⇩
1.“因为；由于”短语一览
①due to ②thanks to
③owing to
④as a result of ...
⑤because of
⑥on account of
⑦in consequence of ...
⑧as a consequence of ...
2.run短语一览
①run across偶然碰见
②run into 偶然遇见；撞上
③run after 追赶；追求
④run out 被用完，用光
⑤run out of 用完，用尽
⑥run for 竞选
3.“许多，大量”短语集合
①dozens of
②plenty of
③lots/amounts/quantities of
④a large/huge number of
⑤a great deal of
⑥an enormous amount of
4.“in＋n.”短语大团圆
①in total 总计
②in time 及时
③in debt 负债
④in charge 主管，负责
⑤in case 万一，以防万一
⑥in return 回报，作为报答
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走去。
“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(2016·四川高考满分作文)在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。
In spring, we can always find_some_children_flying_kites in the field.
2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
完全倒装结构：v.ing短语＋be＋主语(主语较长)。
(2016·北京高考写作佳句)许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。
Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children.
3.Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do exist.
虽然他从没见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。
do“的确，确实”，用来强调谓语动词。
(2018·北京高考满分作文)一旦你确定了来北京的时间，一定要让我提前知道。
Once you fix on when to come to Beijing, do_let_me_know_ahead_of_time.
4.The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
Sb./Sth. be said to do“据说……”，可转换为It＋be＋said that ...。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来上课。
Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons.
考点新组合
阅读微技能
“Look! Here come UFOs！” a citizen called Lu Shan witnessed “Three Suns” in the sky of Leshan of Sichuan. Some ❶________ (puzzle) citizens doubted they were UFOs, but Lu Shan assumed it was possibly caused by the refraction (折射) of the sunlight. ❷However, according to Professor Wang Sichao, it was said to be the “sun dog (幻日)” which is an atmospheric phenomenon that creates three bright spots of light making up “Three Suns”．
1.①处用所给单词的适当形式填空puzzled。
2.②处为复合句，该句式含有两个定语从句，引导词分别是which和that。该句译为：然而，王思超教授说它是“幻日”。_这是一种大气现象，它创造出的三个发光亮点组成了“三个太阳”。
1．witness n．目击者，证人；证据v.目击，见证
(1)be (a) witness to sth. 目击，看见；为……提供证据
give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明
(2)witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事
[题点全练]
单项填空
①People like taking photos because photos are the _______ of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.
A．witness B．guidance
C．evidence D．approval
解析：选A 句意：人们喜欢照相，因为照片是青春和历史的见证，它们可以让我们回忆起很多美好的情景。witness“见证”，符合句意。
完成句子
②He is a_witness_to a terrible murder.
他是一起可怕凶杀案的目击者。
③These paintings gave_witness_to the painter's creativity.
这些画证明了这位画家的创造力。
④China_has_witnessed a series of great changes in the past few years.
近几年中国已经见证了一系列重大变化。
[名师指津] see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。
2．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
(1)be puzzled about 对……感到困惑
be puzzled＋疑问词＋to do 对做……感到困惑
(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑
n. 难题；谜
puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的
[多角练透]
单项填空
①The present situation is ________， and we are all ________ about what will happen in the days to come.
A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzled
C．puzzling; puzzling D．puzzled; puzzled
解析：选B 句意：目前的形势令人困惑，我们都对未来几天将发生的事感到茫然。puzzling“令人困惑的”；puzzled“感到困惑的”。
用puzzle的适当形式完成小片段
②Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling.
[名师指津] 一些与感觉有关的及物动词，其ing形式常表示“令人……”，其ed形式常表示“感到……”。
3．assume vt.假定；认为
(1)assume that ... 设想/认为……
assume ... to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……
[多角练透]
完成句子
①Scientists_assume_that there is no life on Mars.
科学家们认为火星上没有生命。
②Let's assume_him_to_be_late for the meeting.What will happen then?
让我们假设他开会迟到，那会发生什么呢？
③It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
句式升级
④If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@ sina.com.
→Assuming_you_are_interested_in_it,_please send an email to 123456@ sina.com. (assuming)
⑤People assume that stress is caused by too much work.
→It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work. (用it作形式主语改写)
[熟词生义] 读句子猜词义
⑥I made a mistake and I would assume responsibility for it.承担
[联想发散] “假设，如果”的表达法有：
if＝
[真题印证]
⑦(2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the________ you've made.
A．assignment B．association
C．acquisition D．assumption
解析：选D 句意：试着去理解实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。assumption意为“假设”，符合语境。assignment“(分派的)工作，任务”；association“协会；联系”；acquisition“获得，得到”。
4．make up编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理
[一词多义] 写出下列句中make up的含义
①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.组成，构成
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.弥补
③Today it is common that women and girls made up in public.化妆
④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造
⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理
[归纳拓展]
make up for 弥补；补偿
be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of
由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出；理解，明白
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功
[应用领悟]
①I lack work experience, but I'm sure I can make up for it in the future.
我缺乏工作经验，但我确信自己会在今后的工作中弥补这点的。
②The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。
③I heard the voices, but couldn't make out what they were saying.
我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。
④A number of houses would have to be demolished (拆毁) to make way for the new building.
建这幢新大楼将不得不推倒一些房子。
⑤I'd like to ride a bike to travel all over the country, but I still doubt whether I can make it.
我想骑自行车游遍全国，但我怀疑自己能否做到。
5．完全倒装结构
[教材原句] Standing_inside_were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
①Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
②Present_at_the_meeting_were the school headmaster, the English teachers, and the students' parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。
③Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
④Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year.
年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。
⑤Once upon a time there_lived_a_doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
从前有个名医叫华佗。
[名师指津] 当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
⑥Look at the little dog! Here it runs.
看那条小狗！它跑过来了。
6．be said to do ... 据说……
[教材原句] The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。
(1)Sb.＋ be＋过去分词＋
(2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。
(3)Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth.
＝It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ...
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信…… /据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……
①Green is said to be the most restful color.
＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color.
据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.
＝Our city is_reported_to_hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday.
据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。
③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
＝Carbon dioxide is said to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
The young detective, ❶________ took charge of the case, managed to find out much evidence to convince us of the link between the gold theft that occurred in the supermarket and the vice manager inside who showed up on the scene. Therefore, she was arrested and ❷confessed her crime. Finally the detective received an award for his perfect performance.
1.①处应填的词是who，此处其引导非限制性定语从句。
2.②处confess的意思是坦白。
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[练牢基点] 写出下列句中convince的含义
①I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.说服
②You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work. 使相信
[系统考点]
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced of ... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
[练通重点]
单项填空
③(2019·泰州质检)________ that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.
A．Having convinced B．Convincing
C．Being convinced D．Convinced
解析：选D 句意：小男孩在确认他的爸爸会很快回来后平静了下来。前后句之间没有连词，可以判断出应用非谓语动词，convince sb. that意为“使某人确信”，小男孩与确信之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故选D。
句型转换
④He is convinced of the truth of the report.
→He is convinced that the report is true.
⑤In the New York City a friend persuade me into visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art.
→In the New York City a friend convinced me to visit Metropolitan Museum of Art.
单句写作
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信你们通过这部影片将会更好地了解学校的历史。
I,_on_behalf_of_the_Students'_Union,_expect_all_of_you_to_come_and_I_am_convinced_that_you_will_know_the_school's_history_better_by_the_film.
8．occur vi.发生；想到；出现
sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事
[题点全练]
完成句子
①A good idea occurred_to_me when I woke up this morning.
今天早上醒来时我突然想到一个好点子。
②It_never_occurred_to_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。
③It_never_occurred_to_her_to_ask anyone when she was in trouble.
当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。
单句写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，我突然想起我应该告诉你，你需避免因咀嚼而发出声音。
Besides,_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_should_tell_you_that_you_need_to_avoid_making_noise_while_chewing_food.
[名师指津] “(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
9．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
(1)award sb. for sth. 因为某事而奖励某人
award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物
be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励……
(2)win awards/receive one's awards 获奖/接受颁奖
[题点全练]
完成句子/一句多译
①在她的职业生涯中，玛丽赢得了许多奖项。
In her career, Mary won_many_awards.
②那位老科学家因对国家的贡献而被奖励。
The old scientist was_awarded_for_his_contributions to his country.
因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。
③The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.
单句写作
⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)了解到你在机器人竞赛中赢得了很多奖项，而且你是训练机器人踢足球的专家，我相信你的参与会让我们受益良多。
Learning_that_you_have_won_many_awards_in_robotics_competition_and_you're_an_expert_in_training_robots_to_play_football,_I_believe_your_participation_will_benefit_us_a_lot.
10．show up 出现，现身；露面
[归纳拓展]
❶show sb. around/round 领某人参观
❷show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去
❸show off 炫耀，卖弄
❹on show 展览，陈列
[应用领悟]
①We had agreed to meet at the gym, but Larry didn't show up.
我们商量好在体育馆见面，但Larry没有来。
②The boss is showing us around/round his factory.
老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。
③Taking photos of food enables people to show off and share their mealtime moments.
对食物拍照使人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。
④Her main job is showing guests in and out.
她的主要工作是领客进出。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Two children are ❶lucky to survive a deadly accident on a river rapids ride in a popular theme park ❷belonging to the local government in Australia. Police say the boy and the girl were thrown clear after the raft overturned with amazing strength. There exist some unexpected accidents occurring every day, so we should pay attention to personal safety.
1.①处lucky可替换成高级词汇fortunate。
2.用定语从句改写句②
which_belongs_to_the_local_government_in_Australia
11．survive vi.生存，幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关)
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来
survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(几年)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[多角练透]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
②(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．
完成句子
③Some strange customs have survived_from_earlier_times.
一些奇怪的风俗是从更早些时候流传下来的。
④It's said that the woman survived_her_husband_by_10_years.
据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
12．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势
(1)strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
build up one's strength 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
with all one's strength 竭尽全力
(2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固
[多角练透]
单项填空
①To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses.
A．strengths B．benefits
C．techniques D．values
解析：选A 句意：为了使队员在比赛中表现得更好，教练首先要了解他们的优势和劣势。strength在此处意为“长处，优势”，故选A。
用所给词的适当形式填空
②Great determination and ambition are his great strengths(strength)．
③Regular physical tests can strengthen (strength) people's health consciousness.
完成句子
④Every morning I'm working out to build_up_my_strength (增强体质)．
⑤The patient was too weak to have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有站起来的力量)．
13．exist vi.存在；生存
(1)exist in 存在于
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s) ... 有……
(2)existence n. 存在
come into existence 成立；开始存在
[题点全练]
单项填空
①The custom of arranged marriages still ________ in many countries.
A．appears B．lives
C．exists D．lies
解析：选C 考查动词辨析。句意：在许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的风俗。exist“存在”，符合句意。
完成句子
②The people trapped in the earthquake existed_on the water for several days.
地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。
③There_exists a good way to solve the_existing_problem in geography.
有一个解决现存的地理问题的好办法。
④Some strange ideas exist_in his mind.
他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。
⑤No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.
没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。
[名师指津] exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
14．belong to 属于，是……的成员
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belongings n． 财产；所有物；相关事物
[题点全练]
单项填空
①You may not understand what they have done, because they ________ a younger generation.
A．belong to B．are belonged to
C．are belonging to D．will be belonged to
解析：选A 句意：你们可能不理解他们的做法，因为他们属于年轻一代。belong to不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态，所以选择A。
完成句子
②She tells her students that the future belongs_to_the_welleducated (属于受到良好教育的人)．
③Please take_fewer_belongings (少带东西) next time. There is little room left in our car.
④In my opinion, you'd better put_the_book_where_it_belongs (把书放在它所在的地方)．
单句写作
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)北京大学有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，属于中国一流大学之一。
Peking_University_has_a_long_history_and_deep_cultural_deposits,_belonging_to_one_of_the_top_universities_in_China.
[名师指津] belong to不用于进行时态，但可用它的现在分词形式作后置定语。
⑥As is known to us all, China is a developing country belonging to the third world.
众所周知，中国是第三世界的发展中国家。
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Lhakpa joined an expedition of five women in 2000 who convinced (劝说) the government to give them a permit.
2．Let us assume (假定) that people may live to 150 in the future.
3．The crash occurred (发生) when the crew shut down the wrong engine.
4．Though there are no other witnesses (目击者), Lucy insists she saw a man in the yard that night.
5．The expression is probably based (以……为基础) on church customs.
6．His ancestors (祖先) had come to America from Ireland.
7．He was dismissed (解雇) from his job for breaking the company safety regulations.
8．I'd prefer to reserve (保留) my judgment until I find all the evidence.
9．Like her mother, Irene was_awarded (授予) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—You stayed up late again last night?
—Yes. I had to ________ the time lost last week.
A．count on B．appeal to
C．take away D．make up
解析：选D 句意：“昨晚你又熬夜了？”“是的，我必须弥补上周浪费的时间。”count on“指望，依靠”； appeal to“呼吁，上诉，对……有吸引力”； take away“带走”； make up“弥补，编造”。
2．I don't believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ________ me.
A．convince B．inform
C．guarantee D．refuse
解析：选A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明你所说的，也许你就能使我信服。convince“使……相信，使……信服”，符合句意。inform“通知”；guarantee“保证，担保”；refuse“拒绝”。
3．The 18th and 19th centuries ________ the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine.
A．made B．proved
C．spared D．witnessed
解析：选D 句意：18世纪和19世纪见证了电的广泛传播和蒸汽机的诞生。see, witness, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事，所以选择D。
4．It ________ me the other day that I might not have paused to think of life meaning for years.
A．appealed to B．referred to
C．occurred to D．happened to
解析：选C 句意：前几天，我突然想起，我可能已经好多年没有停下来思考人生的意义了。It occurred to sb.“某人突然想起”，符合句意。appeal to“吸引”；refer to“提起，谈及”；happen to sb.“发生在某人身上”。
5．The bank is offering a(n) ________ to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.
A．reward B．award
C．prize D．bonus
解析：选A 句意：银行向任何一个提供有关抢劫案信息的人悬赏一笔酬金。reward“奖赏，回报”，指对某人所做的努力或工作给予一定的报酬或奖金，符合题意。award“奖品，奖金”，其义与prize近似，两者都指因为表现突出而受奖，bonus“奖金，红利”。
6．Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to ________ the countryside.
A．hold on B．fit in
C．turn out D．show up
解析：选B 句意：生长在一个大城市，他发现自己很难适应乡村生活。hold on“继续，不挂断，坚持”；fit in“适应，适合”；turn out“结果是，证明是”；show up“露面，出席”。根据句意可知，B项正确。
7．Poor as she was, she was eager for attention.Thus, she had to think of borrowing some jewels to ________ at the party.
A．show up B．show out
C．show in D．show off
解析：选D 第二句句意：因此，她想借一些珠宝在晚会上炫耀。由“was eager for attention”可知show off“炫耀”，符合句意。
8．(2019·南京三中调研)At noon they got to a hill, on top of which ________， dating back to hundreds of years ago.
A．a temple stood B．did a temple stand
C．a temple did stand D．stood a temple
解析：选D 句意：中午时，他们爬上了山顶，上面有一座庙，有几百年的历史了。当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子要用全部倒装结构。
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．There_exist_many_differences in higher education between China and America.
中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。
2．The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2,000 words by heart so far.
据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。
3．At the school gate sat_an_old_woman,_waiting to see her grandson.
一个老太太坐在校门口，等着看她的孙子。
4．Do_call_your_parents when you get to Peking University.
你到北京大学后务必给你的父母打电话。
5．It_occurred_to_me_that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
我突然想起来我把伞忘在楼上了。
Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括
阅读本单元Reading部分，试着以约30个词概括课文“Boy missing, police puzzled”(P2－3)的文章大意。
This story is about the strange disappearance of an American boy, Justin Foster, a high school student. Some people say he is taken away by aliens. Justin's sister says she sees a bright light around midnight, which seems to be moving. But there is no hard evidence to prove it. At the same time the police are looking into other possibilities.
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