2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修5Unit2Theenvironment



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．flow vi.　　　　　 　　 流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
2．clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手
3．administration n. 管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府
4．conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护
5．fuel n. 燃料
vt.& vi. 提供燃料；加油
6．businessman n. (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家
7．raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的
8．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
9．plant n. 工厂；发电厂
10．customs n. 海关；关税
11．oxygen n. 氧气
12．carbon n. 碳
13．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆
14．crop n. 庄稼，农作物
15．engine n. 发动机，引擎
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．debate n．& vi.[纵联1] 辩论；争论，讨论
2．recycle vi.& vt. 回收利用
3．quantity n. 数量
4．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
5．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
6．decrease vt.& vi.& n. 减少
7．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度
vt. 测量；估量，判定
8．appreciate vt. [纵联2] 欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会
9．flood n.
vt.& vi.[纵联3] 洪水；大批，大量
泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
10．decade n. 十年
11．range n. 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
12．particular adj. 特指的；特别的；讲究的
13．arrest vt.& n. 逮捕
14．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
15．illegally adv. 非法地
16．goods n．[纵联4] 商品，货品
17．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．consultant n．顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议
2．production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n．产品；产物
3．responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的；尽责的
4．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境→environmentally adv.有关环境的
6．operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员
7．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
8．electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流
9．consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费
10．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收


纵联1.各种“论”法
①talk n．& v．谈论，议论 ②discuss vi.讨论，论述
③argue v．争论；辩论 ④debate n．& vi.辩论，讨论
⑤comment n．& v．评论 ⑥remark n．& v．评论，谈论
⑦theory n．理论 ⑧conclude v．得出结论
纵联2.“感激”家族
①appreciate v. ②appreciation n.
③grateful adj. ④gratitude n.
⑤thank v. ⑥thankful adj.
纵联3.可怕的“自然灾害”
①flood洪水 ②typhoon台风
③tsunami海啸 ④tornado龙卷风
⑤sandstorm沙尘暴 ⑥earthquake地震
⑦eruption(火山)喷发 ⑧hurricane飓风
纵联4.“形容词＋s”变成名词的单词荟萃
①new新的→news消息，新闻
②good好的→goods货品，商品
③short短的→shorts短裤
④chemical化学的→chemicals化学药品
⑤economic经济的→economics经济学

单元话题——人与环境
子话题1　环境污染
①rubbish n．垃圾　　　　　　 ②litter n．垃圾
③smog n．雾霾 ④carbon emission碳排放
⑤global warming全球变暖 ⑥acid rain酸雨
⑦emission n．排放 ⑧radiation n．辐射；放射物
⑨destruction n．破坏，毁坏 ⑩carbon dioxide二氧化碳
⑪greenhouse effect温室效应
⑫nuclear energy核能
子话题2　环境保护
①eco­friendly adj. 环保的
②renewable adj. 可更新的
③sustainable development 可持续发展
④environmentally friendly 有利于环境保护的
⑤low­carbon 低碳的
⑥ecology n. 生态学
⑦endangered adj. 濒危的
⑧advocate vt. 拥护，提倡
⑨conserve v. 保护，保存
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop❶. Since 2011, the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn __❷__ (produce) has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased❸ only 7 percent.
①加黑词块在句中意为：重要农作物
②用所给词的适当形式填空：production，在句中表示“产量，生产”。
③写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：decrease，本词语既可以作动词也可以作名词，作名词时构成短语on_the_decrease，意为“在减少”。
2．(2018·北京高考阅读D)While much of the debate❶ so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self­driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The __❷__ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally❸ friendly and more shared.
①写出加黑词的汉语意思：讨论，争论
②用所给词的适当形式填空：arrival，符合这一“动词→名词”变化规律的词语还有：remove→removal;_propose→proposal;_refuse→refusal等。
③写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：environmental；environmentally friendly意为“环保的”。
高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。(appreciate)
I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_check_the_contents_and_format_for_me.
2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)我们讨论要把什么放入视频中。(debate)
We_debated_over_what_to_put_into_the_video.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．responsibility n．责任，职责
[记牢]
(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ...　　　　　　　　　　有责任/有义务做……
bear/take (on) the responsibility for
承担对……的责任，为……负责
a sense of responsibility　 责任感
(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to_make (make) good use of water.
②We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.
③There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming.
完成句子
④If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (强烈的责任感)．
⑤We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (为……负责) their own work.
[写美]
⑥(2011·江西高考书面表达)因此，让我们承担起通过骑自行车建设低碳城市的责任。
Therefore,_let's_take_the_responsibility_to_build_up_a_low­carbon_city_by_riding_bicycles.
2．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用
[辨清]　写出下列句中operate的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转
②It's too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作
③My father is a doctor. He operated on a patient on the head last night.动手术
④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用
⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营
[记牢]
(1)operate on sb. (for ...)　　 (因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作
come/go into operation 生效，实行
be in operation 运转中，实施中
operator n. 操作员；接线员
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑥The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately for his heart disease.
⑦The doctor is performing an operation (operate) on the injured child.
完成句子
⑧It is said that some new rules will_come/go_into_operation_next_month (将于下个月生效)．
⑨Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (当机器在运转时)．
[写美]
⑩(2009·江苏高考书面表达)对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
3．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记
[记牢]
(1)impress sb. with sth.　　　 某事给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind) 使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on sb.　 给某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
②Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive (impress) one.
③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
④My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me.
完成句子
⑤The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (给……留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
⑥We will be_impressed_with/at/by (对……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.
[写美]
⑦(2016·天津高考书面表达)给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧，显示出了你们过人的天赋。
What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.

4．decrease vt.& vi.& n．减少
[记牢]
(1)decrease to　　　　　　　 减少到
decrease by 减少了
decrease from ... to ... 从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
[练通]　完成句子
①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (从198家减少到96家)．
②To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在减少)．
③The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (减少了30%) last year.
[写美]
④(2015·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.
5．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为
[辨清]　写出下列句中measure的含义
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施
②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度
④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量
⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量
[记牢]
(1)be measured by/in　　　　　 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.
采取措施做某事
make ... to sb.'s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑥Education shouldn't be measured purely by/in examination results.
⑦The new bridge under construction, measuring (measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.
⑧In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming.
完成句子
⑨Right now, the government should take_powerful_measures (采取强有力的措施) to push the state's economy forward.
[用准]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
[写美]
⑩(2013·重庆高考书面表达)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.
6．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
[辨清]　写出下列句中range的含义
①The houses are sold out within this price range.范围
②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脉
③The temperature of this city ranges from 0 ℃to 30 ℃. (在一定范围内)变化
④The company manufactures a range of innovative light­weight cycles.一系列
⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程
[记牢]
(1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　 在(……的)范围内
beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范围外
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ...
　　　　　　　　　　 在……和……范围内变化
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑥(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
⑦When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.
完成句子
⑧I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies (爱好广泛), including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on.
⑨The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range (超出了我们能承受的范围)．
[写美]
⑩(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)除了这些传统活动，我们还有更广泛的选择，例如旅行和拜访我们的亲戚或朋友。
In_addition_to_these_traditional_activities,_we_have_a_wider_range_of_choices_such_as_travelling_and_visiting_our_relatives_or_friends.
7．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解
[记牢]
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing 欣赏/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
[练通]　单句语法填空
①We'd appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible.
②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
[用准]　appreciate表示“感激”时，后面跟动词­ing形式作宾语；appreciate后的宾语可以是sth.或形式宾语it，但不跟sb.作宾语，如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb.。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
[写美]
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你能方便时尽快回复我的信件我将不胜感激。
I'll_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience.
8．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
[记牢]
(1)be particular about　　　　 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.
②Steve was in a particularly (particular) bad mood when he got back.
完成句子
③Mary is going on a diet, so she is_very_particular_about_food (对食物相当挑剔)．
[写美]
④(2009·广东高考书面表达)他特别提醒我们，如何握笔也与近视有关。
He_reminded_us_in_particular_that_how_to_hold_a_pen_is_also_related_to_short­sightedness.
9．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注
[辨清]　写出下列句中absorb的含义
①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神贯注
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收
[记牢]
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention
　　　　　　　　　 吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be/get) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的
[练通]
单句语法填空
③This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year.
④Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he didn't hear what I said.
⑤The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break.
句式升级
⑥The singer was absorbed in his singing.The singer forgot to have his lunch.(用过去分词作状语合并句子)
→Absorbed_in_his_singing,_the_singer_forgot_to_have_his_lunch.
[生义]　读句子猜词义
⑦It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握
[写美]
⑧(2015·福建高考书面表达)一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。
A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_absorbed_himself_in/was_absorbed_in_his_reading.
[联想]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似用法的还有：
be lost in ...　　　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……
be caught/trapped in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋头于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
be occupied in ... 忙于……
be involved in ... 专注于……

[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Her greedy (贪婪的) parents married her a rich man she didn't love.
2．It is recognized that environmental (环境的) pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
3．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit (信用)．
4．They came into conflict (冲突) with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.
5．Successful are those who are willing (乐意的) to take pains.
6．The newspaper is believed to have been unprofitable for at least the past decade (十年)．
7．The escaped prisoner got arrested (逮捕) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
8．Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease (减少) of 40 per cent.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold bath.
2．In the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)．
3．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergartens to high schools.
4．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
5．Large quantities of food are_wasted (waste) because of the way it looks.
6．She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.
7．We need to take responsibility (responsible) for looking after our own health.
8．One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The demand for tea is on decrease each year.on后加the
2．The classroom measured 30 feet long and 20 feet wide is used as a shelter for the survivors.measured→measuring
3．Absorbing in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.Absorbing→Absorbed
4．Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二个the
5．The doctor operated the patient at once and saved his life.operated后加on
Ⅳ.完成句子/一句多译
1．Their honesty and hospitality leave_an_unforgettable_impression (留下难忘的印象) on her life.
2．She was_so_particular_about_her_housework (对家务活如此挑剔) that servants will not work for her.
3．如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。
①I'd_appreciate_you/your_teaching_me how to use the computer.(appreciate sb./sb.'s doing)
②I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the computer.(appreciate it if)
③I'd_be_grateful/thankful_to_you_if_you_could_teach_me how to use the computer.(be grateful/thankful to sb.)
4．由于专心作画，约翰没有注意到我进入他的书房。
①As he was_absorbed_in_painting,_John didn't notice me enter his study.(be absorbed in)
②Absorbed_in_painting,_John didn't notice me enter his study.(分词作状语)


(一)课前自主学习

1．open_the_floor　　　　　　 自由发言
2．cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减
3．use_up[串记1] 用尽
4．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
5．clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
6．queue_up 排队等候
7．pick_out 找出，挑选
8．under_way 进行中
9．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
10．let_off[串记2] 排放，释放
11．in_particular[串记3] 尤其，特别
12．do_one's_part 尽自己的职责
13．result_in 导致
14．rely_on_..._for_... 依赖……提供……
15．large_quantities_of 许多，大量
16．blame_..._on_... 把……归咎于……
17．put_..._in_danger 把……置于危险之地
18．in_use 在使用中

[同根短语串记]
串记1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃
①turn up 出现，到场
②make up 组成；弥补；编造
③pick up 捡起，拾起；学到
④speed up 加速
⑤link up 联合，连接
⑥use up 用尽
串记2.let 短语一览
①let alone 不管；不打扰
②let down 放下；使失望
③let out 放出；泄露；出租
④let off 排放
⑤let pass 放过；不追究
⑥let in 允许进入；容许
串记3.“in＋n.”短语联想
①in particular 尤其，特别
②in turn 依次，反过来
③in common 共同，共用
④in detail 详细地
⑤in general 普遍地，一般地
⑥in use 在使用中


1．hiding from their responsibilities　　 逃避责任
2．keep the Earth clean and healthy 保持地球清洁、健康
3．environmental protection 环境保护
4．eco­friendly washing powder 环保型洗衣粉
5．economic development 经济发展
6．decrease desertification 减少沙漠化
7．replace their crops with trees or grass 退耕还林或还草
8．help improve the local environment　 帮助改善当地的环境

1．With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。
2．The world's population has grown by six_times_what_it_was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。
3．I liked_it_when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
4．Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。

[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
(2015·天津高考阅读A)Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students_must_clean_up_after_cooking (学生在做饭后必须打扫干净)❶. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that_are_not_kept_clean (没有保持清洁的)❷ may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven (微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.

高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2011·安徽高考书面表达)作为高中生，我们在学习过程中遇到了一个接一个的困难。(run into)
As_high_school_students,_we_run_into_one_difficulty_after_another_in_the_process_of_learning.
2．(2013·安徽高考书面表达)我认为我们应该尽自己的职责来改变这一现状。(do one's part)
I_think_we_should_do_our_part_to_change_the_situation.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减
[记牢]
cut across/through　　 抄近路穿过
cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)
cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；
断绝
cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小
cut up 切碎
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
①We cut_back_on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living.
②It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.
③The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
④Many big trees along the road have been cut_down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut_up for firewood.
[写美]
⑤(2013·江苏高考书面表达)应立即采取行动，例如停止砍伐树木以改善环境。
Immediate_actions_should_be_taken,_like_stopping_cutting_down_trees_to_better_the_environment.
2．run out (of)用完，耗尽
[记牢]
run into　　　　　　　 撞进；遭遇；达到
run across 偶然遇到；穿过
run after 追求；追赶，追逐
run away 逃离；突然离开
run for 竞选，赶快去请
[练通]
选用上述短语填空
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run_away.
完成句子
⑤If you run_after two hares, you'll catch neither.
(谚)脚踏两条船，必定落空。
[用准]　run out of＝use up表主动意义，主语一般是人；run out＝be used up表被动意义，主语通常是物。
[写美]
⑥(2013·天津高考书面表达)今天我很高兴有机会竞选英语俱乐部的副主席。
Today_I_am_very_glad_to_have_the_chance_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_Club.
3．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白
[辨清]　写出下列句中pick out的含义
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨认出
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会
[记牢]
pick up　拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染
pick one's pocket　　扒窃；掏包
[练通]　完成句子
④He picked_up_some_French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在巴黎出差的时候偶然学会了一些法语。
⑤My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.
在医院待了几天，我的朋友开始好转。
⑥On the way home, he_found_his_pocket_picked.
在回家的路上，他发现他的钱包被扒窃了。
[写美]
⑦(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我在想你是否能去机场接他。
I_am_wondering_whether_you_can_pick_him_up_at_the_airport.
[句式集释]
1．it作形式宾语
[教材原句]　I liked_it_when you told that joke.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)We dislike/hate_it that you have to leave us.
我们不愿意让你离开我们。
(2)I don't like_it_when the weather gets really cold.
当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。
(3)I prefer_it_that you don't talk with your mouth full.
我宁愿你不要嘴里塞满食物时说话。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要先接形式宾语it，然后再接真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
注意事项
一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后接真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.(要点句)
(2)(2018·天津高考满分作文)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.(总结句)
2．the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...
[教材原句]　Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The more difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is to answer them.
问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。
(2)The_more_you_practise,_the better you will speak English.
你练习得越多，英语就会说得越好。
(3)The more, the_better.
多多益善。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)此句式意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。
(3)此结构可以用省略形式。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2014·湖北高考写作佳句)The more you pay, the more you get.(要点句)
(2)(2013·福建高考写作佳句)The more parents do for their children, the less independent they will become.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
in/with regard to, result in, cut back on, open the floor, blame ...on ..., under way, do one's part, let off
1．Some countries have decided to cut_back_on the number of army, which surprises the world.
2．In/With_regard_to teaching method, we have not yet discussed it.
3．The teacher forbade the pupils to let_off fireworks in the school.
4．The conference gets under_way later today with a debate on the family.
5．The government asked every citizen to do_his_part in fighting inflation.
6．Please sum up very briefly and then we'll open_the_floor for questions and answers.
7．One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.
8．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The_busier my mother was, the_happier she felt.
妈妈越忙碌，她就感到越幸福。
2．I'd prefer_it_if I didn't have to get up early on Sundays.
我宁愿星期天不用早起。
3．The production is now three_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
4．Attached_to_the_envelope was a beautiful stamp.
贴在信封上的是一枚精美的邮票。
5．He was_completely_absorbed_in_reading and forgot even to take his meal.
他只顾看书，甚至连饭都忘了吃。
Ⅲ.分步写作
荒漠化问题在全世界日益严重。请根据下表要点以“Fighting against desertification”设计一则海报。
问题
全球荒漠化的面积占整个地球陆地面积的1/4；下个世纪，沙漠地区的面积将增加17%
原因
人类的行为，如滥砍滥伐等；旱涝灾害、气候变暖等
倡议
植树造林；呼吁人们提高环保意识……
注意：词数100左右。标题和署名已给出，不计入总词数。
Fighting against desertification




The Students' Union
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文要求写一则海报，属于应用文，时态应以一般现在时为主，必要的地方可以用现在完成时或者一般将来时；人称以第三人称为主，第一人称为辅。海报内容根据题目要求可以从三方面着手：提出问题(荒漠化问题的严重性)；分析原因；发出倡议。三个方面的内容要点都已经在表格中体现出来，学生需要做的就是用地道的语言表达出所给要点。
要点1－①：近年来，沙漠化日益严重。(from bad to worse)
In_recent_years,_desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse.
要点1－②：全球大约四分之一的陆地面积被沙漠所取代。(被动语态)
About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_desert.
要点1－③：下个世纪，沙漠地区的面积可能会增加17%。(increase by)
It's_likely_that_the_area_of_desert_will_increase_by_17%_in_the_next_century.
要点2－①：人类的糟糕行为应为此负责。(be to blame)
Human_beings'_bad_behaviour_is_to_blame.
要点2－②：洪灾和全球变暖也加剧了这一过程。 (speed up)
Flood_and_global_warming_have_also_speeded_up_the_process.
要点3－①：政府应当号召人们多栽树。(call on sb.to do sth.)
The_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees.
要点3－②：我们应当提高人们的环保意识。(promote, awareness of the environmental protection)
We_should_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
上述要点只是简单地翻译了题目中给出的内容，要使文章内容更加丰富，就要对要点进行细节上的补充与拓展。例如要点1－①，在指出沙漠化日益严重之后可以添加细节句子“在诸多方面威胁着我们”，从而引出后面沙漠化的具体表现；在分析要点2的原因时，需要一个统领句来承上启下，可以添加衔接句“一项调查表明，许多因素导致了这一现象的发生”，接下来可以顺理成章地详细阐述造成这些现象的各种因素；要点3在逐条列举各项措施前可以先加一个统领句“我们应该采取措施阻止进一步沙漠化”。因为本文是海报，用语讲究言简意赅，少用复杂句式，适当使用被动语态。
拓展1－①：近年来，沙漠化日益严重，在诸多方面威胁着我们。(threaten)
In_recent_years,_desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways.
要点2补充衔接句：一项调查表明，许多因素导致了这一现象的发生。(contribute to)
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_contribute_to_the_phenomenon.
拓展2－①：人类的糟糕行为应为此负责，例如：非法砍伐、不栽树等。(such as)
Human_beings'_bad_behaviour_is_to_blame,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_planting_no_trees_and_so_on.
要点3补充统领句：我们应该采取措施阻止进一步沙漠化。(take measures)
We_should_take_measures_to_stop_further_desertification.
拓展3－②：我们年轻人应当担负起责任，提高人们的环保意识。(take the responsibility, awareness)
We_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
海报是一种宣传广告，其内容是向受众提供消息，要求表达简洁明了。为了使宣传内容更加条理清晰，可以添加适当的过渡词和衔接词，如：worse still, first, second, on the one hand ...on the other hand等。并在文章末尾加上Just take an active part in the activities！来结束全文。
Fighting against desertification
In_recent_years,_desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways._About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_desert._Worse_still,_it's_likely_that_the_area_of_desert_will_increase_by_17%_in_the_next_century.
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_contribute_to_the_phenomenon._First,_human_beings'_bad_behaviour_is_to_blame,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_planting_no_trees_and_so_on._Second,_flood_and_global_warming_have_also_speeded_up_the_process.
We_should_take_measures_to_stop_further_desertification._On_the_one_hand,_the_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees._On_the_other_hand,_we_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection._Just_take_an_active_part_in_the_activities!
The_Students'_Union.

理清文体结构之(十四)　夹叙夹议文——叙的是故事，议的是观点
夹叙夹议文有记叙文叙事的特点，也具备议论文的特色，它一边叙述，一边分析、评论。其优点在于作者可以自由地表达情意。在结构方面，还起到总起、提示、过渡和总结作用。在叙议结合中，我们对作者的写作目的渐渐清晰，进而掌握文章大意，为解题做好铺垫。

　　[高考典例]　2016·天津卷·B篇
[读文明晰文章结构]
　　[1]Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
[2]My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
[3]I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo­tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
[4]When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”， I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid，” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
[5]I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜)．
[6]But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it，” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
[7]My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts (零件) from a junkyard, and ability from vo­tech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.
[8]Since that first repair job, a broken air­conditioner, a non­functioning washer and a non­toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co­workers trust their car repairs to him.
[9]These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
[10]I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
[11]My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
1.第1段提出自己对儿子的期望→议
“As he grows you also age ...what you hoped for.”表明作者希望自己的儿子实现自己没有实现的目标。
2.第2段叙述儿子对学习不感兴趣→叙
3.第3段描述家庭氛围→叙
女儿在学校里的表现要比儿子好。
4.第4段为故事的转折点→叙
5.第5段表达自己对技校学生的传统观点→叙
2、3、4、5段的叙述都是为了支持第1段作者的观点。
6.第6～9段叙述儿子以具体行动改变了作者的看法→叙
7.第10～11段得出结论→议
孩子虽然学习不优秀，不能追随父亲的足迹，但他自己选择的道路却让父亲引以为豪。

[定区间·细比对]
41．What used to be the author’s ？
A．To avoid becoming his clone.
B．To resemble him in appearance.
C．To develop in a different direction.
D．To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
42．What can we learn about ？
A．His daughter does better in school.
B．His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C．His son tried hard to finish homework.
D．His son couldn’t write his book reports.
43．The author let his son because he believed that ________.
A．his son had the ability to fix it
B．it would save him much time
C．it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D．other motorheads would come to help
[答案]　41.D　42.A　43.C
41．对儿子的期望第1段中划波浪线部分，分析得出答案。
42．孩子的情况第3段中划波浪线部分，对比即可得出答案。
43．修车第6段，根据最后一句得出答案。