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2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修5Unit3Scienceandnature
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．clone vt. 克隆
n. 克隆出来的动物或植物
2．nutrition n. 营养
3．fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类
4．channel n. 水道；航道；隧道
5．catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸
6．insert vt. 插入，嵌入
7．harvest vt.& vi. 收割(庄稼)
n. 收获；收成
8．saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销员
9．physician n．[纵联1] 医师；内科医生
10．tasty adj. 美味的，可口的
11．agriculture n. 农业
12．rainforest n. 雨林
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．accurate adj. 准确的，精确的
2．brief adj. 短暂的，简洁的，简单的
3．exact adj. 精确的，准确的
4．relation n. 关系；亲戚
5．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队
6．profit n. 利润，收益
vi.& vt. 获益；对……有用
7．concept n. 概念；观念
8．favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
9．ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的
10．confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信
11．transform vt.[纵联2] 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方
向)；使改变形态
12．summary n. 总结；概括，概要
13．actual adj. 真实的，实际的
14．income n. 收入，收益
15．crime n．[纵联3] 罪，罪行
16．hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒
17．breakthrough n. 突破
18．permission n. 准许，许可，批准
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的
2．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n．采用；收养
3．consequence n．结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此，所以
4．profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的
5．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n．起源；出身，来历
6．judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge v．判断
7．majority n．多数，大多数→minority n．少数民族；少数
8．consideration n．仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及→consider v．考虑，认为→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的→considerable adj.大量的
9．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖
10．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
11．intention n．目的，意图；企图→intend vt.意欲，计划；打算
纵联1.有病不可乱投“医”
①physician 内科医生
②surgeon 外科医生
③dentist 牙医
④eye doctor 眼科医生
⑤plastic surgeon 整形外科医生
纵联2.前缀“trans”之家
①transform 使改变形态
②transplant 移植
③translate 翻译
④transmit 传送；传播
⑤transfer 转移；转让
⑥transparent 透明的
纵联3.“犯罪”相关常见词
①crime n. 罪，罪行
②accuse vt. 控告；指控
③charge vt. 控告
④commit vt. 犯(罪)
⑤punish vt. 惩罚；处罚
⑥sentence vt. 判决；宣判
单元话题——前沿科技
子话题1 人工智能
①artificial intelligence 人工智能
②data mining 数据挖掘
③serviceoriented robots 服务型机器人
④big data 大数据
⑤speech recognition 语言识别
⑥cloud computing 云计算
子话题2 生物技术
①organism n．有机体 ②upbringing n．抚育，养育
③makeup n．构成，构造 ④genetics n．遗传学
⑤component n．成分 ⑥procedure n．程序
⑦breed n．(动植物的)品种 ⑧sample n．样本
⑨biotechnology n．生物科技
⑩transplant n．& vt.移植
⑪reproduce v．复制；使再现
⑫biodiversity n．生物多样性
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested❶ from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted❷ in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：获得，得到，本词的常用含义为“收获，收割”。
②写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：insert，意为“植入”。
2．(2013·湖南高考阅读表达)Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial❶.People learn from her — but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her❷ are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real❸ answers.
①用本单元单词改写句子：she thinks the project profits_each_other
②写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：大多数来找她的人
③写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：actual，其副词形式为：actually
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，消失在远方。(consequence)
The_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_it_ran_away_off_the_road_and_disappeared_in_the_distance.
2．(2013·广东高考书面表达)另外，候选人应该愿意与他人保持良好关系。(relation)
Moreover,_the_candidates_should_be_willing_to_keep_good_relations_with_others.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
[记牢]
(1)adopt one's advice (suggestion)/plan/idea
采纳某人的建议/计划/想法
adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
adopt an orphan 领养孤儿
(2)adopted adj. 领养的
adoption n. 收养；采纳
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.
②Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt)
完成句子
③After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采纳她的建议)．
④Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (对……采取积极的态度) their life.
[用准] adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我希望你采纳我的建议，祝你玩得愉快。
I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time.
2．consequence n．结果；后果
[记牢]
(1)as a consequence/result ＝ in consequence
因此，结果
as a consequence/result of ＝ in consequence of
因为……的缘故
(2)take/accept/face the consequences of
承担……的后果
(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以
[练通]
单句语法填空
①As a consequence, they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
完成句子
④Today, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed.
⑤The young should learn to take/accept/face_the_consequences_of (承担……的后果) their actions.
[写美]
⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)结果，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或创意。
As_a_consequence,_children_become_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.
3．transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
[记牢]
(1)transform (...) into ...
(把……)变成……/转化成……
be transformed from ... into/to ...
由……变成……；由……迁到……
(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革
[练通] 单句语法填空
①She helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.
②Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.
③He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.
[写美]
④(2014·湖南高考书面表达)当你走路时，一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。
When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it.
[联想] “把……变成……”的其他表达：turn ...into ...; change ...into ...等。
4．conduct vt.指挥乐队；导电；实施，进行；引导n.行为，举止
[辨清] 写出下列句中conduct的含义
①From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行为，举止
②Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引导
③In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 实施，进行
④Most metals can conduct electricity. 导电
⑤Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指挥
[写美]
⑥(2010·湖南高考书面表达)到目前为止，我们已经开展了各种英语学习活动，例如观看英语电影、举办圣诞派对、与外国学生聚会等。
So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc.
5．majority n．多数，大多数
[记牢]
(1)a/the majority of ... 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
in the/a minority 占少数
(3)major n．& v. 专业；主修
adj. 主要的
major in 主修……；以……为专业
[练通]
单句语法填空
①A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.
②Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
③For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty.
单句改错
④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in
完成句子
⑤The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。
[用准] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
(2)the majority of ＋
[写美]
⑥(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。
When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
6．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
[记牢]
confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念
be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可
It has been confirmed that ... 已确定/证实……
[练通] 完成句子
①They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被领导认可了)．
②It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到证实) that the agreement is to be signed.
③The recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief (坚定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed.
[写美]
④(2011·江苏高考书面表达)这张照片使我确信，成为一个好女儿比“好”学生更重要。
The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student.
7．favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒
[辨清] 写出下列句中favour的含义
①We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏爱，偏袒
②Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱
③I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？帮助
④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同
[记牢]
(1)in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.
给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑤Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.
⑥It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.
⑦He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues.
同义替换
Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.
⑧Now I wonder whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me.
⑨Now I wonder whether_I_could_ask_you_a_favour.
[写美]
⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。
I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_coming_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour.
8．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
[记牢]
(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.
吓得某人做/不敢做某事
frighten ... away/off 吓走/跑
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
(2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐惧的，可怕的
frightened adj. (人)害怕的，受到惊吓的
be frightened at/by 因……害怕，被……吓坏了
be frightened of/that 担心……，对……害怕
be frightened to do 害怕做……
(3)fright n. 恐惧，害怕
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
②They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret.
③The mothers are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.
单句改错
④Seeing so many people injured during the conflict, the girl stood there shaking with a frightening look.frightening→frightened
完成句子
⑤The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened_it_away/off.
那只鸟儿飞到窗前，可我的身子突然一动，把它吓走了。
[用准] 过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
[写美]
⑥(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Paul迅速打开门，这个被吓坏了的人迅速冲进车里，砰地关上(slam)了他身后的门。
Paul_quickly_unlocked_the_door,_and_the_frightened_man_dived_in,_slamming_the_door_behind_him.
9．profit n．利润，收益；好处，益处 vi.获益 vt.对……有用/好处
[辨清] 写出下列句中profit的词性和含义
①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.vt.对……有用/好处
②On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.n.利润，收益
③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. n．好处，益处
④I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.vi.获益
[写美]
⑤(2017·江苏高考书面表达)中国电影票房收入在2015年持续增长，为电影制片商带来了巨大的利润。
The_boxoffice_income_of_Chinese_movies_witnessed_a_constant_increase_in_2015,_which_brought_great_profit_for_film_makers.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I heard you suffered from anxiety (焦虑) when you took an exam recently.
2．Dr Yuan also helps many less developed countries to increase their rice harvests (收成)．
3．It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed (改造) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.
4．I respect his judgement (判断力) and I'll follow any advice he gives me.
5．Scientists have made a breakthrough (突破) in their treatment of the disease.
6．For children with hearing loss, they cannot pick up language as easily as ordinary (普通的) people.
7．As far as he is concerned, to increase the farmers' income (收入) is of greater importance than anything else.
8．For a hit show, profits (利润) can add up to millions of dollars.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)．
2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures.
3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.
4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children.
5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.
6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.
7．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to_get (get) help from you.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into
2．The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been
3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened
4．Strictly speaking, you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二个the
5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)
All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.
2．他恃强凌弱，总是吓得人们按他的意愿做事。(frighten sb.into)
He_was_a_bully.He_tried_to_frighten_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted.
3．我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss)
I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.
4．我们每个人都要有梦想，并且要对梦想采取积极乐观的态度。(adopt a positive attitude)
Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.
5．能量可以从一种形式转变成另一种形式。(transform)
Energy_can_be_transformed_from_one_form_into_another.
(一)课前自主学习
1．on_the_one_hand_..._on_the_other_hand_...
一方面……另一方面……
2．toy_with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
3．push_ahead_with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
4．for_sale 供出售，待销售
5．be/get_burnt_out[串记1] 耗尽体力，累垮
6．follow_in_one's_footsteps 效仿某人
7．take_..._into_consideration[串记2] 认真考虑
8．in_favour_of[串记3] 赞同，支持
9．point_of_view 观点
10．make_sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
11．put_..._in_place 准备就绪，布置妥当
12．rather_than 而不是
13．deal_with 处理，对付
14．compared_with 与……相比较
15．point_out 指出
16．in_summary[串记4] 概括地说
17．in_agreement_with 同意；与……一致
18．turn_out 结果是，证明是；生产
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“累垮”表达种种
①be/get burnt out ②be/get worn out
③be/get tired out ④be/get exhausted
串记2.“考虑”短语知多少
①take ... into consideration 认真考虑
②take ... into account 考虑
③take account of 考虑
④think over 仔细考虑
串记3.“in＋n.＋of”短语荟萃
①in favour of 支持，赞同
②in memory of 为了纪念
③in honour of 为了纪念
④in view of 鉴于；由于
⑤in terms of 就……而言
⑥in case of 以防；万一
⑦in need of 需要
⑧in place of 代替；取代
⑨in search of 寻找，寻求
串记4.学会“总结”好处多
①in summary ②in short
③in brief ④in conclusion
⑤in a/one word ⑥to sum up
1．medical treatment 医疗
2．moral ideas 道德观念
3．die of heart failure 死于心脏衰竭
4．one of the more forwardlooking technologies
较有远见的技术之一
5．the scientific advances 科学进步
6．in the field of science 在科学界
7．come back from work 下班回来
8．further information 进一步的信息
1．The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
2．The boy was more frightened than hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
3．Nowhere is this truer_than with genetically modified (GM) food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·浙江高考阅读B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit __❶__ (讲得通) when you consider❷ that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
①根据汉语意思填入本单元短语：makes_sense
②可用本单元短语take_...into_consideration升级加黑词汇，意为“考虑……；把……考虑在内”，其同义短语为take_...into_account。
2．(2018·江苏高考阅读B)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather_than_a_white_one (而不是白色的), customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.(完成句子)
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二；另一方面，既然我们都尽力了，我们就没有遗憾。(on the one hand ...on the other hand)
On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_comes_first,_and_a_match_comes_second.On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_had_no_regret.
2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)这是我第一次尝试骑马。(动词不定式作后置定语)
This_is_my_first_attempt_to_ride_a_horse.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面……
[辨清]
on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ...
意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing ... for another (thing)．..
意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
[练通] 完成句子
①On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand,_we should protect the environment.
一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。
②I'm not going to buy it; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.
我不会买它，首先我不喜欢这颜色，再者也太贵了。
[用准] on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。
[写美]
③(2013·山东高考书面表达)一方面，我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面，我可以积累社会经验，这对我将来的生活也有好处。
On_the_one_hand,_I_can_earn_some_money_to_reduce_the_burden_of_my_family.On_the_other_hand,_I_can_accumulate_some_social_experience,_which_does_good_to_my_future_life.
2．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
[记牢]
(1)follow in the footsteps of ... 效仿……
follow one's example 以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions
听从/遵循某人的建议/指示
(2)as follows 如下，如下所述
[练通]
单句语法填空
①You can't follow in another person's (person) footsteps, and no one else will be able to follow in yours.
②The settings of each activity are as follows in this table.
完成句子
③We mustn't blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice.
我们不能亦步亦趋盲目地照外国办法行事。
④We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts.
我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。
⑤The good points of the novel may be summarized as_follows.
这部小说的优点概括起来有以下几个方面。
[写美]
⑥(2016·四川高考书面表达)夏天是一年中我最喜欢的季节。 原因如下。
Summer_is_my_favorite_season_of_the_year.The_reasons_are_as_follows.
3．take ... into consideration认真考虑
[记牢]
(1)show consideration for 对……表示关心
under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅
(2)consider vt. 考虑；认为
considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的
considerable adj. 大量的
considering prep. 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Everything taken (take) into consideration, his work is well done.
②It's said that the plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education.
③If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you.
完成句子
④Your teacher will take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration (考虑你最近生病的情况) when judging your examination results.
⑤You should turn your music down out_of_consideration_for_your_neighbours (出于对你的邻居们的体谅)．
[写美]
⑥(2012·安徽高考书面表达)考虑了所有因素之后，我决定将理科作为我的主要学科。
After_taking_everything_into_consideration,_I_decided_on_science_as_my_main_subject_of_study.
[句式集释]
1．动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He is always the first to_bear hardships and the last to_enjoy comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。
(2)It's said that she has the ability to_do the challenging work well.
据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。
(3)He had no money and no place to_live_in.
他没有钱也没有地方住。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only, the last, the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, opportunity, ambition, attempt, offer, way以及time, place等。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·北京高考写作佳句)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(要点句)
(2)(2014·福建高考写作佳句)In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.(要点句)
2．more ...than ...“与其说……倒不如说……”
[教材原句] The boy was more frightened than hurt.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Don't be too hard on him. He is more_misled_than_stupid.
别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说是被误导的。
(2)Animals' sleep hibernation is more_than_sleep.
动物的冬眠不只是睡眠。
(3)It's difficult to accomplish the task in no_more_than_one_week.
在仅仅一周内完成这项工作很困难。
(4)The audience are more_than_satisfied with her performance.
观众对她的表演很满意。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)more ... than ... “与其说……倒不如说……”，该结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接形容词或副词的原级、名词、介词短语或不定式等两个并列成分。
(2)与more than有关的其他用法：
more than＋数词或从句 超过
more than＋形容词 非常
more than＋名词 不只是；不仅是
no more than 只不过；仅仅
not more than 不超过；至多
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Environmental protection is more a responsibility for our students than interest.(要点句)
(2)(2014·重庆高考写作佳句)It is more than a gift. It stands for our sincere friendship.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
take ...into consideration, follow in one's footsteps, in agreement with, on the one hand ...on the other hand, toy with, get burnt out
1．—Why are the programmers resigning one by one?
—Because they get_burnt_out.
2．While she was talking to me, she toyed_with a pencil.
3．On_the_one_hand,_I am your teacher; but on_the_other_hand,_I am also your friend.
4．When comparing prices, one has to take the quality of the goods into_consideration.
5．He is a doctor and expects his son to follow_in_his_footsteps.
6．All Jenny's friends were in_agreement_with her on her decision to quit the job.
Ⅱ.完成句子/句式升级
1．I don't think him to be the_best_man_to_do_the_job because he is careless.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他不细心。
2．On_the_one_hand,_you should study hard; on_the_other_hand,_you should exercise more.
一方面，你应该努力学习；另一方面，你应该多加锻炼。
3．The beauty of the mountainous village is more_than_I_can_describe.
我无法用语言形容这个多山乡村的美丽。
4．After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.
①Having_taken_everything_into_consideration,_they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.(用分词作状语)
②Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.(独立主格结构)
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Liam 想知道我国首例克隆(clone)猴“中中”和“华华”的情况，请你根据以下提示给他写一封信：
1．两只克隆猴名字的由来；
2．这一成果对医学的贡献；
3．你的感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Liam，
Nice to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文写作中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。写作要点可以从以下三方面着手：一是说明写信的目的；二是介绍有关克隆猴的一些情况；三是自己的感想。其中要点1不用做过多的陈述，表达清楚写信目的即可，要点3也只需简单地表达自己的感想，写作重点在要点2。要点2对克隆猴的情况介绍属于半开放作文，对发散性思维的要求比较高，学生可以参考题目中给出的前2点要求进行写作，在此基础上再联系现实对要点进行扩充。
要点1：能向你介绍有关“中中”和“华华”的一些情况， 我感到很自豪。(be proud to do sth.)
I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua.
要点2－①：它们被命名为“中华”，因为这个名字代表着我们的国家和民族。(name after, mean)
They_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_because_it_means_Chinese_nation_and_people.
要点2－②：这是医学研究上的一项重大突破，特别是在治疗脑部疾病及其他一些疑难杂症方面。(a major breakthrough, treatment, difficult and complicated cases)
It_is_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
要点3：我们将来一定能过上更加幸福、轻松的生活。(live a ...life)
We_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
拟定的三个要点彼此之间毫无关联，且要点的内容过于简单。为使文章更加丰富，应对具体细节加以补充，并对各要点展开合理想象，添加一些相关信息。这些添加内容既可以以定状补、同位语的形式补充到原有句子成分中，也可以以复杂句式的形式对原有要点句进行改造升级，提升文章档次。例如：要点1，可用同位语的形式补充细节“中国科学家培育成功的首例克隆猴”；要点2－①可用句型That's why ...及定语从句进行句式升级，说明它们被命名为“中华”的原因及意义；要点2－②可以用not only ...but also句式扩充这一科研成果的意义；要点3可以用介词短语thanks to来补充这一感想的依据，并回扣文章主题。
拓展1：我很自豪能向你介绍“中中”和“华华”，中国科学家培育的首例克隆猴。(同位语)
I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua,_the_first_monkey_clones_produced_by_Chinese_scientists.
拓展2－①：我们中国人为这对双胞胎感到自豪，这就是为什么它们会被命名为“中华”，这个名字代表着我们的国家和民族。(That's why ..., 定语从句)
We_Chinese_take_pride_in_the_twins.That's_why_they_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_which_means_Chinese_nation_and_people.
拓展2－②：这不但是中国科学家的巨大成功，也是医学研究上的一项重大突破，特别是在治疗脑部疾病及其他一些疑难杂症方面。(not only ...but also)
It_is_not_only_a_great_success_for_Chinese_scientists_but_also_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
拓展3：多亏了先进的技术，我们将来一定能过上更加幸福、轻松的生活。
Thanks_to_the_advanced_technology,_we_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文根据要点的划分可分三段来组织文章，为总—分—总的结构。在第二段的情况介绍前加统领句“多年的研究和实验得到了回报。”来承上启下。在各段落中，各要点句可根据其内在逻辑关系重新排列，简单句与复杂句相互配合，使文章上下连贯，一气呵成。由于各要点间逻辑清晰、表达顺畅，无须添加额外的衔接词。
Dear_Liam，
Nice_to_hear_from_you.I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua,_the_first_monkey_clones_produced_by_Chinese_scientists.
Many_years_of_research_and_experiments_paid_off._We_Chinese_take_pride_in_the_twins._That_is_why_they_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_which_means_Chinese_nation_and_people._It's_not_only_a_great_success_for_Chinese_scientists_but_also_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
Thanks_to_the_advanced_technology,_we_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
Yours，
Li_Hua
理清段落结构之(一) 顺承
三类顺承段落结构：1.按事情的发展顺序，也就是事情发生的起因——经过——结果。2.按时间的推移顺序，也就是按时间的先后顺序。这个顺序的描写方式，通常都有时间词语。3.按空间的观察顺序，也就是空间位置的不同。这个顺序的描写方式，通常有地理位置的词语。这种顺承关系是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
[高考典例1] 2018·天津卷·阅读表达
[1]Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain， all people encounter mountains in their life.
[2]When I was a little girl， my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school， while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain， I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to？ Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
[3]I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top！ But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
[4]Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there？ Maybe I would find a monster (怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or， maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing！ But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
[5]Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can’t do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream！ Never let anyone tell you，“You can’t.” Dream big and climb high！
2～4三段文字以时间和空间为序，依次顺序承接，叙述了“我”的一次爬山过程，是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
“承接下文”的句子
“承接下文”的句子
“承接下文”的句子
⇩总结出
[高考典例2] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇
[1]I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
[2]I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
[3]I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
[4]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
[5]Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
[6]A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
前五段文字以时间为序，依次顺承连接，其过程为“got a rescue call→examined→placed→parents→responded”，展示了作者成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．clone vt. 克隆
n. 克隆出来的动物或植物
2．nutrition n. 营养
3．fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类
4．channel n. 水道；航道；隧道
5．catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸
6．insert vt. 插入，嵌入
7．harvest vt.& vi. 收割(庄稼)
n. 收获；收成
8．saleswoman n. 女售货员，女推销员
9．physician n．[纵联1] 医师；内科医生
10．tasty adj. 美味的，可口的
11．agriculture n. 农业
12．rainforest n. 雨林
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．accurate adj. 准确的，精确的
2．brief adj. 短暂的，简洁的，简单的
3．exact adj. 精确的，准确的
4．relation n. 关系；亲戚
5．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队
6．profit n. 利润，收益
vi.& vt. 获益；对……有用
7．concept n. 概念；观念
8．favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
9．ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的
10．confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信
11．transform vt.[纵联2] 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方
向)；使改变形态
12．summary n. 总结；概括，概要
13．actual adj. 真实的，实际的
14．income n. 收入，收益
15．crime n．[纵联3] 罪，罪行
16．hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒
17．breakthrough n. 突破
18．permission n. 准许，许可，批准
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的
2．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n．采用；收养
3．consequence n．结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此，所以
4．profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的
5．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n．起源；出身，来历
6．judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge v．判断
7．majority n．多数，大多数→minority n．少数民族；少数
8．consideration n．仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及→consider v．考虑，认为→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的→considerable adj.大量的
9．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖
10．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
11．intention n．目的，意图；企图→intend vt.意欲，计划；打算
纵联1.有病不可乱投“医”
①physician 内科医生
②surgeon 外科医生
③dentist 牙医
④eye doctor 眼科医生
⑤plastic surgeon 整形外科医生
纵联2.前缀“trans”之家
①transform 使改变形态
②transplant 移植
③translate 翻译
④transmit 传送；传播
⑤transfer 转移；转让
⑥transparent 透明的
纵联3.“犯罪”相关常见词
①crime n. 罪，罪行
②accuse vt. 控告；指控
③charge vt. 控告
④commit vt. 犯(罪)
⑤punish vt. 惩罚；处罚
⑥sentence vt. 判决；宣判
单元话题——前沿科技
子话题1 人工智能
①artificial intelligence 人工智能
②data mining 数据挖掘
③serviceoriented robots 服务型机器人
④big data 大数据
⑤speech recognition 语言识别
⑥cloud computing 云计算
子话题2 生物技术
①organism n．有机体 ②upbringing n．抚育，养育
③makeup n．构成，构造 ④genetics n．遗传学
⑤component n．成分 ⑥procedure n．程序
⑦breed n．(动植物的)品种 ⑧sample n．样本
⑨biotechnology n．生物科技
⑩transplant n．& vt.移植
⑪reproduce v．复制；使再现
⑫biodiversity n．生物多样性
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested❶ from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted❷ in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：获得，得到，本词的常用含义为“收获，收割”。
②写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：insert，意为“植入”。
2．(2013·湖南高考阅读表达)Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial❶.People learn from her — but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her❷ are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real❸ answers.
①用本单元单词改写句子：she thinks the project profits_each_other
②写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：大多数来找她的人
③写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：actual，其副词形式为：actually
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)这匹狼可能感觉到了来自人们的威胁，开始撤退。因此，它沿着公路跑掉了，消失在远方。(consequence)
The_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_it_ran_away_off_the_road_and_disappeared_in_the_distance.
2．(2013·广东高考书面表达)另外，候选人应该愿意与他人保持良好关系。(relation)
Moreover,_the_candidates_should_be_willing_to_keep_good_relations_with_others.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
[记牢]
(1)adopt one's advice (suggestion)/plan/idea
采纳某人的建议/计划/想法
adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
adopt an orphan 领养孤儿
(2)adopted adj. 领养的
adoption n. 收养；采纳
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.
②Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt)
完成句子
③After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采纳她的建议)．
④Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (对……采取积极的态度) their life.
[用准] adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。
[写美]
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我希望你采纳我的建议，祝你玩得愉快。
I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time.
2．consequence n．结果；后果
[记牢]
(1)as a consequence/result ＝ in consequence
因此，结果
as a consequence/result of ＝ in consequence of
因为……的缘故
(2)take/accept/face the consequences of
承担……的后果
(3)consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此，结果；所以
[练通]
单句语法填空
①As a consequence, they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
完成句子
④Today, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed.
⑤The young should learn to take/accept/face_the_consequences_of (承担……的后果) their actions.
[写美]
⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)结果，孩子们变得如此依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思考或创意。
As_a_consequence,_children_become_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas.
3．transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
[记牢]
(1)transform (...) into ...
(把……)变成……/转化成……
be transformed from ... into/to ...
由……变成……；由……迁到……
(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革
[练通] 单句语法填空
①She helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.
②Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another.
③He has made a complete transformation (transform) from a comedian into a dramatic actor.
[写美]
④(2014·湖南高考书面表达)当你走路时，一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。
When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it.
[联想] “把……变成……”的其他表达：turn ...into ...; change ...into ...等。
4．conduct vt.指挥乐队；导电；实施，进行；引导n.行为，举止
[辨清] 写出下列句中conduct的含义
①From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行为，举止
②Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引导
③In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 实施，进行
④Most metals can conduct electricity. 导电
⑤Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指挥
[写美]
⑥(2010·湖南高考书面表达)到目前为止，我们已经开展了各种英语学习活动，例如观看英语电影、举办圣诞派对、与外国学生聚会等。
So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc.
5．majority n．多数，大多数
[记牢]
(1)a/the majority of ... 大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
(2)minority n. 少数
in the/a minority 占少数
(3)major n．& v. 专业；主修
adj. 主要的
major in 主修……；以……为专业
[练通]
单句语法填空
①A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.
②Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
③For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty.
单句改错
④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in
完成句子
⑤The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。
[用准] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
(2)the majority of ＋
[写美]
⑥(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃自己的看法，而去尊重大多数人的观点。
When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
6．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
[记牢]
confirm one's belief 坚定某人的信念
be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可
It has been confirmed that ... 已确定/证实……
[练通] 完成句子
①They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被领导认可了)．
②It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到证实) that the agreement is to be signed.
③The recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief (坚定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed.
[写美]
④(2011·江苏高考书面表达)这张照片使我确信，成为一个好女儿比“好”学生更重要。
The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student.
7．favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；喜爱；偏爱，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒
[辨清] 写出下列句中favour的含义
①We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏爱，偏袒
②Chinese export commodities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜爱
③I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？帮助
④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.赞同
[记牢]
(1)in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
(2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.
给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
(3)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑤Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.
⑥It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently.
⑦He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues.
同义替换
Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.
⑧Now I wonder whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me.
⑨Now I wonder whether_I_could_ask_you_a_favour.
[写美]
⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划，我也希望你帮我一个忙。
I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_coming_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour.
8．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
[记牢]
(1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.
吓得某人做/不敢做某事
frighten ... away/off 吓走/跑
frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
(2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐惧的，可怕的
frightened adj. (人)害怕的，受到惊吓的
be frightened at/by 因……害怕，被……吓坏了
be frightened of/that 担心……，对……害怕
be frightened to do 害怕做……
(3)fright n. 恐惧，害怕
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
②They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret.
③The mothers are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.
单句改错
④Seeing so many people injured during the conflict, the girl stood there shaking with a frightening look.frightening→frightened
完成句子
⑤The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened_it_away/off.
那只鸟儿飞到窗前，可我的身子突然一动，把它吓走了。
[用准] 过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
[写美]
⑥(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Paul迅速打开门，这个被吓坏了的人迅速冲进车里，砰地关上(slam)了他身后的门。
Paul_quickly_unlocked_the_door,_and_the_frightened_man_dived_in,_slamming_the_door_behind_him.
9．profit n．利润，收益；好处，益处 vi.获益 vt.对……有用/好处
[辨清] 写出下列句中profit的词性和含义
①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.vt.对……有用/好处
②On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.n.利润，收益
③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. n．好处，益处
④I'm sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.vi.获益
[写美]
⑤(2017·江苏高考书面表达)中国电影票房收入在2015年持续增长，为电影制片商带来了巨大的利润。
The_boxoffice_income_of_Chinese_movies_witnessed_a_constant_increase_in_2015,_which_brought_great_profit_for_film_makers.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I heard you suffered from anxiety (焦虑) when you took an exam recently.
2．Dr Yuan also helps many less developed countries to increase their rice harvests (收成)．
3．It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed (改造) into a famous tourist city in only ten years.
4．I respect his judgement (判断力) and I'll follow any advice he gives me.
5．Scientists have made a breakthrough (突破) in their treatment of the disease.
6．For children with hearing loss, they cannot pick up language as easily as ordinary (普通的) people.
7．As far as he is concerned, to increase the farmers' income (收入) is of greater importance than anything else.
8．For a hit show, profits (利润) can add up to millions of dollars.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)．
2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures.
3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.
4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children.
5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.
6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.
7．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to_get (get) help from you.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into
2．The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been
3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened
4．Strictly speaking, you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二个the
5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)
All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.
2．他恃强凌弱，总是吓得人们按他的意愿做事。(frighten sb.into)
He_was_a_bully.He_tried_to_frighten_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted.
3．我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss)
I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.
4．我们每个人都要有梦想，并且要对梦想采取积极乐观的态度。(adopt a positive attitude)
Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.
5．能量可以从一种形式转变成另一种形式。(transform)
Energy_can_be_transformed_from_one_form_into_another.
(一)课前自主学习
1．on_the_one_hand_..._on_the_other_hand_...
一方面……另一方面……
2．toy_with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
3．push_ahead_with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
4．for_sale 供出售，待销售
5．be/get_burnt_out[串记1] 耗尽体力，累垮
6．follow_in_one's_footsteps 效仿某人
7．take_..._into_consideration[串记2] 认真考虑
8．in_favour_of[串记3] 赞同，支持
9．point_of_view 观点
10．make_sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
11．put_..._in_place 准备就绪，布置妥当
12．rather_than 而不是
13．deal_with 处理，对付
14．compared_with 与……相比较
15．point_out 指出
16．in_summary[串记4] 概括地说
17．in_agreement_with 同意；与……一致
18．turn_out 结果是，证明是；生产
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“累垮”表达种种
①be/get burnt out ②be/get worn out
③be/get tired out ④be/get exhausted
串记2.“考虑”短语知多少
①take ... into consideration 认真考虑
②take ... into account 考虑
③take account of 考虑
④think over 仔细考虑
串记3.“in＋n.＋of”短语荟萃
①in favour of 支持，赞同
②in memory of 为了纪念
③in honour of 为了纪念
④in view of 鉴于；由于
⑤in terms of 就……而言
⑥in case of 以防；万一
⑦in need of 需要
⑧in place of 代替；取代
⑨in search of 寻找，寻求
串记4.学会“总结”好处多
①in summary ②in short
③in brief ④in conclusion
⑤in a/one word ⑥to sum up
1．medical treatment 医疗
2．moral ideas 道德观念
3．die of heart failure 死于心脏衰竭
4．one of the more forwardlooking technologies
较有远见的技术之一
5．the scientific advances 科学进步
6．in the field of science 在科学界
7．come back from work 下班回来
8．further information 进一步的信息
1．The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
2．The boy was more frightened than hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
3．Nowhere is this truer_than with genetically modified (GM) food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·浙江高考阅读B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit __❶__ (讲得通) when you consider❷ that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
①根据汉语意思填入本单元短语：makes_sense
②可用本单元短语take_...into_consideration升级加黑词汇，意为“考虑……；把……考虑在内”，其同义短语为take_...into_account。
2．(2018·江苏高考阅读B)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather_than_a_white_one (而不是白色的), customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.(完成句子)
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二；另一方面，既然我们都尽力了，我们就没有遗憾。(on the one hand ...on the other hand)
On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_comes_first,_and_a_match_comes_second.On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_had_no_regret.
2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)这是我第一次尝试骑马。(动词不定式作后置定语)
This_is_my_first_attempt_to_ride_a_horse.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面……
[辨清]
on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ...
意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing ... for another (thing)．..
意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
[练通] 完成句子
①On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand,_we should protect the environment.
一方面我们应该发展经济；另一方面我们应该保护环境。
②I'm not going to buy it; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.
我不会买它，首先我不喜欢这颜色，再者也太贵了。
[用准] on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。
[写美]
③(2013·山东高考书面表达)一方面，我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面，我可以积累社会经验，这对我将来的生活也有好处。
On_the_one_hand,_I_can_earn_some_money_to_reduce_the_burden_of_my_family.On_the_other_hand,_I_can_accumulate_some_social_experience,_which_does_good_to_my_future_life.
2．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
[记牢]
(1)follow in the footsteps of ... 效仿……
follow one's example 以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions
听从/遵循某人的建议/指示
(2)as follows 如下，如下所述
[练通]
单句语法填空
①You can't follow in another person's (person) footsteps, and no one else will be able to follow in yours.
②The settings of each activity are as follows in this table.
完成句子
③We mustn't blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice.
我们不能亦步亦趋盲目地照外国办法行事。
④We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts.
我们都应以他为榜样，全心全意为人民服务。
⑤The good points of the novel may be summarized as_follows.
这部小说的优点概括起来有以下几个方面。
[写美]
⑥(2016·四川高考书面表达)夏天是一年中我最喜欢的季节。 原因如下。
Summer_is_my_favorite_season_of_the_year.The_reasons_are_as_follows.
3．take ... into consideration认真考虑
[记牢]
(1)show consideration for 对……表示关心
under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅
(2)consider vt. 考虑；认为
considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的
considerable adj. 大量的
considering prep. 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Everything taken (take) into consideration, his work is well done.
②It's said that the plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education.
③If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you.
完成句子
④Your teacher will take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration (考虑你最近生病的情况) when judging your examination results.
⑤You should turn your music down out_of_consideration_for_your_neighbours (出于对你的邻居们的体谅)．
[写美]
⑥(2012·安徽高考书面表达)考虑了所有因素之后，我决定将理科作为我的主要学科。
After_taking_everything_into_consideration,_I_decided_on_science_as_my_main_subject_of_study.
[句式集释]
1．动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He is always the first to_bear hardships and the last to_enjoy comforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。
(2)It's said that she has the ability to_do the challenging work well.
据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。
(3)He had no money and no place to_live_in.
他没有钱也没有地方住。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only, the last, the right时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作后置定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, opportunity, ambition, attempt, offer, way以及time, place等。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·北京高考写作佳句)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(要点句)
(2)(2014·福建高考写作佳句)In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.(要点句)
2．more ...than ...“与其说……倒不如说……”
[教材原句] The boy was more frightened than hurt.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Don't be too hard on him. He is more_misled_than_stupid.
别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说是被误导的。
(2)Animals' sleep hibernation is more_than_sleep.
动物的冬眠不只是睡眠。
(3)It's difficult to accomplish the task in no_more_than_one_week.
在仅仅一周内完成这项工作很困难。
(4)The audience are more_than_satisfied with her performance.
观众对她的表演很满意。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)more ... than ... “与其说……倒不如说……”，该结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接形容词或副词的原级、名词、介词短语或不定式等两个并列成分。
(2)与more than有关的其他用法：
more than＋数词或从句 超过
more than＋形容词 非常
more than＋名词 不只是；不仅是
no more than 只不过；仅仅
not more than 不超过；至多
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Environmental protection is more a responsibility for our students than interest.(要点句)
(2)(2014·重庆高考写作佳句)It is more than a gift. It stands for our sincere friendship.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
take ...into consideration, follow in one's footsteps, in agreement with, on the one hand ...on the other hand, toy with, get burnt out
1．—Why are the programmers resigning one by one?
—Because they get_burnt_out.
2．While she was talking to me, she toyed_with a pencil.
3．On_the_one_hand,_I am your teacher; but on_the_other_hand,_I am also your friend.
4．When comparing prices, one has to take the quality of the goods into_consideration.
5．He is a doctor and expects his son to follow_in_his_footsteps.
6．All Jenny's friends were in_agreement_with her on her decision to quit the job.
Ⅱ.完成句子/句式升级
1．I don't think him to be the_best_man_to_do_the_job because he is careless.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他不细心。
2．On_the_one_hand,_you should study hard; on_the_other_hand,_you should exercise more.
一方面，你应该努力学习；另一方面，你应该多加锻炼。
3．The beauty of the mountainous village is more_than_I_can_describe.
我无法用语言形容这个多山乡村的美丽。
4．After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.
①Having_taken_everything_into_consideration,_they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.(用分词作状语)
②Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.(独立主格结构)
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Liam 想知道我国首例克隆(clone)猴“中中”和“华华”的情况，请你根据以下提示给他写一封信：
1．两只克隆猴名字的由来；
2．这一成果对医学的贡献；
3．你的感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Liam，
Nice to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文写作中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。写作要点可以从以下三方面着手：一是说明写信的目的；二是介绍有关克隆猴的一些情况；三是自己的感想。其中要点1不用做过多的陈述，表达清楚写信目的即可，要点3也只需简单地表达自己的感想，写作重点在要点2。要点2对克隆猴的情况介绍属于半开放作文，对发散性思维的要求比较高，学生可以参考题目中给出的前2点要求进行写作，在此基础上再联系现实对要点进行扩充。
要点1：能向你介绍有关“中中”和“华华”的一些情况， 我感到很自豪。(be proud to do sth.)
I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua.
要点2－①：它们被命名为“中华”，因为这个名字代表着我们的国家和民族。(name after, mean)
They_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_because_it_means_Chinese_nation_and_people.
要点2－②：这是医学研究上的一项重大突破，特别是在治疗脑部疾病及其他一些疑难杂症方面。(a major breakthrough, treatment, difficult and complicated cases)
It_is_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
要点3：我们将来一定能过上更加幸福、轻松的生活。(live a ...life)
We_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
拟定的三个要点彼此之间毫无关联，且要点的内容过于简单。为使文章更加丰富，应对具体细节加以补充，并对各要点展开合理想象，添加一些相关信息。这些添加内容既可以以定状补、同位语的形式补充到原有句子成分中，也可以以复杂句式的形式对原有要点句进行改造升级，提升文章档次。例如：要点1，可用同位语的形式补充细节“中国科学家培育成功的首例克隆猴”；要点2－①可用句型That's why ...及定语从句进行句式升级，说明它们被命名为“中华”的原因及意义；要点2－②可以用not only ...but also句式扩充这一科研成果的意义；要点3可以用介词短语thanks to来补充这一感想的依据，并回扣文章主题。
拓展1：我很自豪能向你介绍“中中”和“华华”，中国科学家培育的首例克隆猴。(同位语)
I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua,_the_first_monkey_clones_produced_by_Chinese_scientists.
拓展2－①：我们中国人为这对双胞胎感到自豪，这就是为什么它们会被命名为“中华”，这个名字代表着我们的国家和民族。(That's why ..., 定语从句)
We_Chinese_take_pride_in_the_twins.That's_why_they_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_which_means_Chinese_nation_and_people.
拓展2－②：这不但是中国科学家的巨大成功，也是医学研究上的一项重大突破，特别是在治疗脑部疾病及其他一些疑难杂症方面。(not only ...but also)
It_is_not_only_a_great_success_for_Chinese_scientists_but_also_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
拓展3：多亏了先进的技术，我们将来一定能过上更加幸福、轻松的生活。
Thanks_to_the_advanced_technology,_we_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文根据要点的划分可分三段来组织文章，为总—分—总的结构。在第二段的情况介绍前加统领句“多年的研究和实验得到了回报。”来承上启下。在各段落中，各要点句可根据其内在逻辑关系重新排列，简单句与复杂句相互配合，使文章上下连贯，一气呵成。由于各要点间逻辑清晰、表达顺畅，无须添加额外的衔接词。
Dear_Liam，
Nice_to_hear_from_you.I_feel_proud_to_tell_you_something_about_Zhong_Zhong_and_Hua_Hua,_the_first_monkey_clones_produced_by_Chinese_scientists.
Many_years_of_research_and_experiments_paid_off._We_Chinese_take_pride_in_the_twins._That_is_why_they_are_named_after_Zhong_Hua,_which_means_Chinese_nation_and_people._It's_not_only_a_great_success_for_Chinese_scientists_but_also_a_major_breakthrough_in_medicine_research,_especially_in_treatment_of_brain_diseases_and_some_other_difficult_and_complicated_cases.
Thanks_to_the_advanced_technology,_we_are_bound_to_live_a_happier_and_easier_life_in_the_future.
Yours，
Li_Hua
理清段落结构之(一) 顺承
三类顺承段落结构：1.按事情的发展顺序，也就是事情发生的起因——经过——结果。2.按时间的推移顺序，也就是按时间的先后顺序。这个顺序的描写方式，通常都有时间词语。3.按空间的观察顺序，也就是空间位置的不同。这个顺序的描写方式，通常有地理位置的词语。这种顺承关系是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
[高考典例1] 2018·天津卷·阅读表达
[1]Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain， all people encounter mountains in their life.
[2]When I was a little girl， my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school， while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain， I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to？ Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
[3]I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top！ But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
[4]Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there？ Maybe I would find a monster (怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or， maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing！ But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
[5]Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can’t do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream！ Never let anyone tell you，“You can’t.” Dream big and climb high！
2～4三段文字以时间和空间为序，依次顺序承接，叙述了“我”的一次爬山过程，是下文总结段落的基础和例证。
“承接下文”的句子
“承接下文”的句子
“承接下文”的句子
⇩总结出
[高考典例2] 2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇
[1]I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
[2]I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
[3]I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
[4]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
[5]Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
[6]A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
前五段文字以时间为序，依次顺承连接，其过程为“got a rescue call→examined→placed→parents→responded”，展示了作者成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。
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