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2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：必修3Unit1Theworldofoursenses
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．raised adj. 凸起的
2．nowhere adv. 无处，到处都不
3．pavement n. (马路边的)人行道
4．analyse vt. 分析
5．tap n．& vt.& vi. 轻拍，轻敲
6．compass n. 罗盘；指南针
7．sign n. 符号，标志；迹象
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．forecast (forecast, forecast) vt.& n. 预测，预报
2．glance vi.& n. 瞥一眼，匆匆看
3．wherever adv.& conj. 无论哪里
4．approach vi.& vt. 靠近；着手处理
n. 靠近；方法；路径
5．grasp vt. 抓紧，抓牢
6．likely adj.[纵联1] 可能的
7．aid n．& vt. 帮助
8．relief n. 轻松， 宽慰
9．reduce vt.& vi. 减少
10．volunteer n. 志愿者
vi.& vt. 自愿做，义务做
11．distance n. 距离；远处
12．suit n. 套装
vt. 适合， 满足需要
13．attach vt. 使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
14．whisper vi.& vt.[纵联2] 小声说；私下说
15．contrary adj. 相反的
n. 相反的事实或情况
16．calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的，平静的
vt.& vi. 使平静，镇静
17．panic vi.& n．[纵联3] 惊慌，恐慌
18．helper n. 帮助者
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论→observation n．观察→observer n．观察者
2．confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的
3．hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇
4．anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑→anxiety n．焦虑；渴望→anxiously adv.焦虑地
5．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地；感谢地→gratitude n．感激，感谢
6．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认→recognition n．识别；确认，认可；赏识
7．puzzle vt.迷惑，使困惑n.谜，疑问→puzzled adj.困惑的→puzzling adj.令人费解的
8．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的→ignorance n．愚昧，无知
9．disability n．缺陷；伤残→disabled adj.残废的，有缺陷的→disable v．使(某人)失去能力，残疾
10．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的，诱人的→attraction n．吸引，有吸引力的人或事
11．employ vt.使用；雇佣→employer n．雇佣者，雇主→employee n．受雇者，雇员，雇工→employment n．职业；雇佣，使用
纵联1.皆有“可能”
①likely adj. 可能的
②possible adj. 可能的
③probable adj. 很有可能的
④perhaps adv. 可能，大概
⑤maybe adv. 也许，大概
纵联2.“说”法荟萃
①whisper 小声说；耳语
②murmur 低语；小声说
③chat 聊天
④speak 说；演讲；发言
⑤inform 通知；告诉
⑥announce 宣告；述说
⑦declare 宣布；声明
⑧claim 声称；要求
纵联3.“惊恐”万状
①fear 担心，害怕
②alarm 使惊恐，警告
③frighten 使害怕，吓唬
④horror 惊骇，恐怖
⑤terror 恐怖，惊骇
⑥shock 震惊，使吃惊
⑦panic 惊慌，恐慌
单元话题——感官感知
子话题1 视觉领域
①sight视力，视觉 ②visual视力的，视觉的
③visible可见的；明显的 ④invisible看不见的
⑤insight洞察力，洞悉；领悟 ⑥foresight预见，先见之明
子话题2 嗅觉领域
①smelly有强烈气味的 ②fragrance芳香，香味；香水
③odor气味，臭味 ④odorous有气味的
⑤scent气味，香味；香水 ⑥perfume香气，香味；香水
子话题3 味觉领域
①delicious美味的，可口的 ②tasting尝味，品尝
③tasty味好的，美味的 ④tasteless无味的，乏味的
⑤savor滋味，气味 ⑥flavor味道，滋味；风味；香料
⑦relish滋味 ⑧sour酸的；酸腐的；变酸
⑨acid酸味的，酸的；酸 ⑩bitter苦的
⑪peppery胡椒味的
子话题4 感知领域
①perceive意识到；察觉 ②apprehend领会；理解
③deem认为，视作 ④discern识别；辨明
⑤divine占卜；预言 ⑥suspect怀疑
⑦take in领会 ⑧get the drift获悉要旨、大意
⑨have a hunch有预感
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2014·北京高考阅读B)This one was silent and its ears pinned back — the sign❶ of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably❷ because of hunger.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times. The bear opened its mouth and I __❸__(grasp) its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards the forest, before returning for another attack — the first time I felt panic❹.
①选择加黑词在句中的意思：__C__
A．符号 B．手势 C．迹象
②加黑词在本单元的同义词是：likely，两者虽然都以ly作后缀，但一个是副词一个是形容词。
③用所给词的适当形式填空：grasped
④加黑词在此处意为：惊慌失措的，它在本单元的反义词是：calm
2．(2013·江西高考完形)__❶__ (panic), she began to scream.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm❷ voice.“Hold on! I'm coming.” With relief❸， she saw❹ the old man rowing an ancientlooking boat towards her.“I hope you've learned a lesson.You put us both in danger，” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the boat. Gratefully❺， Diane thanked him and ran towards the beachhouse.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：Panicking，此处是分词作状语。
②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：沉着的，镇静的
③with relief在句中作状语，表示：松了口气
④用本单元单词observe升格加黑词。
⑤写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：grateful
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你还有什么令你困惑的问题，请尽管问我。(hesitate, puzzling)
Please_don't_hesitate_to_ask_me_if_you_still_have_puzzling_questions.
2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)最先吸引我的是，做一名志愿者不仅可以帮助别人，而且可以提高我的英语水平。(attract, volunteer, aid)
What_first_attracts_me_is_that_being_a_volunteer_can_not_only_aid_others_but_also_improve_my_English.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝
[辨清] 写出下列句中observe的含义
①Our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals.观察
②This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University, and her colleagues. 注意到
③Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people.遵守
④People of many Western countries observe Christmas.庆祝
[记牢]
(1)observe Christmas/New Year's Day/festivals
庆祝圣诞/元旦/节日
observe
(2)observation n. 观察；注意；监视
observer n. 遵守者，观察者；观察员
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑤My uncle acted as an observer (observe) at the UNESCO International Youth Forum.
⑥In hospital she'll be under observation (observe) all the time.
句型转换
⑦The police observed the man enter the bank.
→The man was observed to enter the bank by the police.
⑧She observed a man walking on the opposite of the way.
→She observed that a man was walking on the opposite of the way.
[用准] observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。
[写美]
⑨(2016·江苏高考书面表达)如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，情况就会变得更好。
Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for_people_to_observe.
2．glance vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看；扫视
[记牢]
(1)glance at sth./sb. 匆匆看一下某物/人
glance over/through sth. 粗略地/随便地看一看某物； 浏览某物
(2)at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下
take/give a glance at 匆匆看一眼
[练通] 完成句子
①She glanced_at me through her glasses, “You are no different from your classmates, young man.”
她透过眼镜朝我看了一眼，“年轻人，你和你的同学没有什么不同。”
②He glanced_over/took_a_glance_at the letter and then put it into his drawer.
他匆匆看了一下信，然后把它放进了抽屉里。
③At_first_glance,_the problem seemed easy.
乍一看，这个问题好像很容易。
[写美]
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)乍一看，我们学校体育馆的外观设计像鸟巢。
At_first_glance,_the_exterior_design_of_our_school_stadium_looks_like_the_Bird_Nest.
3．approach vt.靠近，接近；着手处理 n．接近；靠近；途径；方法
[辨清] 写出下列句中approach的含义
①As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed.接近，临近
②We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.方法
③He thought of several ways of approaching this problem.着手处理
[记牢]
(1)(an) approach to (doing)．..
……的方法/通道/途径(to为介词)
(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
with ... approaching 随着……的临近
[练通]
单句语法填空
④The school has decided to adopt a different approach to dicipline.
⑤We need to try other approaches to solving (solve) the problem.
句型转换
⑥As the time for graduation is approaching，we are busy with our papers.
→With the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.
[写美]
⑦(2017·天津高考书面表达)随着第十三届全运会的临近，我们志愿者正在加快准备工作。
With_the_13th_National_Games_approaching,_we_volunteers_are_speeding_up_preparations.
[联想] 表示“做……的方法”的表达还有：the way to do/of (doing) sth., the means of (doing) sth., the method of (doing) sth.等。
4．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
[记牢]
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over ... 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Jim was still hesitating about/over whether to apologise to her or not.
②Don't hesitate to_tell (tell) them that the background noises are getting in the way.
③He leapt into the water without hesitation (hesitate) and saved the drowning child.
一句多译
她毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。
④She didn't_hesitate_to_accept my offer.(hesitate)
⑤She accepted my offer without_hesitation.(hesitation)
⑥She had_no_hesitation_in_accepting my offer.(hesitation)
[写美]
⑦(2015·天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。
If_there_is_something_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please_don't_hesitate_to_tell_me.
5．anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；不安的
[记牢]
(1)be anxious about/for ... 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Lack of selfconfidence, Jack can't help being anxious about/for his job interview.
②Her family was poor, so the girl was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.
③The couple are waiting for their daughter's reply with anxiety (anxious)．
单句改错
④No one comes. Suddenly, a lady with an anxiously look rushed in. anxiously→anxious
句式升级
⑤She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
→She_looked_at_her_sick_child,_very_anxious.
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)当你第一次作为一位客人去中国朋友家做客时，你可能会感到有点压力和焦虑，这是正常的。
It's_normal_that_you_may_feel_a_little_stressed_and_anxious_when_being_a_guest_to_a_Chinese_friend's_home_for_the_first_time._
6．relief n．轻松，宽慰；(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；救济
[记牢]
(1)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 宽慰地
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的
(2)relieve vt. 使轻松，宽慰；缓解
relieve sb. of ... 解除某人……方面的负担
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I was in relief when the exam was over.
②The medicine greatly relieved him of his headache.
③We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.
完成句子
④It is a_great_relief to have rain after a long time of drought.
长期的干旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。
⑤To_our_great_relief,_the accident caused little damage.
使我们大感宽慰的是，事故造成的损失很小。
[写美]
⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)你在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。
You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.
7．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
[记牢]
(1)recognize sb./sth.by/from ... 根据……认出某人/物
be recognized to be/as ... 被认为是……，被认作……
It is generally recognized that ... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认识；认出
out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Celeste Ng, a new writer, has gained recognition (recognize) for her first novel, Everything I Never Told You.
②Although he hadn't seen grandma for years, he recognized her from/by her voice over the phone at once.
③Since 1958, they have been recognized as/to_be the national theatre of Israel.
完成句子
④My hometown has_changed_beyond/out_of_recognition since I left here last time.
自从我上次离开这里以来，我的家乡已经变得认不出来了。
⑤It_is_recognized_that traffic jam has become one serious problem to citizens.
人们认识到，交通堵塞已成为市民面临的一个严重问题。
[写美]
⑥(2018·江苏高考书面表达)人们认识到，大多数消费者可以根据消费排名找到一个满意的产品。
It_is_recognized_that_most_consumers_can_find_a_satisfactory_product_according_to_the_ratings.
8．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
[记牢]
(1)ignorant adj. (对某事)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about ... 对……不知道/不了解
(2)ignorance n. 无知
out of ignorance 由于无知
be in ignorance of ... 不知道……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Ignorance (ignore) of people brings fear, fear of the unknown.
②People don't like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant (ignore)．
完成句子
③I made a suggestion, but she_ignored_it.
我提了个建议，可是她不理睬。
④He confessed himself that he_was_ignorant_of/about_their_family_income.
他承认自己对于他们的家庭收入一无所知。
[写美]
⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)然而，消费者在购物时不应忽视消费排名的重要性。
However,_consumers_shouldn't_ignore_the_significance_of_the_ratings_while_shopping.
9．attach vt.使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
[辨清] 写出下列句中attach的含义
①With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 把……附在……上
②The high school is attached to that university.附属于
③We must attach importance to the education of the children.认为……重要
[记牢]
(1)attach ... to ... 把……附在……上
attach importance/significance/value to ...
认为……有重要性/意义/价值 (to为介词)
(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附属的；喜欢的
be attached to 喜欢；依附于；隶属于
[练通]
单句语法填空
④This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
⑤Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.
⑥Honestly speaking, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming (become) rich and famous.
句式升级
⑦All of us should attach great importance to the safety of school buses. (变为被动语态)
→Great_importance_should_be_attached_to_the_safety_of_school_buses.
[写美]
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我一直非常重视英语口语，所以流利地说英语是没有问题的。
I_have_been_attaching_great_importance_to_spoken_English,_so_there_is_no_problem_for_me_to_speak_English_fluently.
10．panic vi.& n．惊慌，恐慌
[记牢]
(1)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
[练通] 完成句子
①Office workers fled in_panic as the building caught fire.
大楼着火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
②When she found her son was out of sight, the lady got_into_a_panic.
那位女士发现儿子不见了时十分惊慌。
③Rumours panicked_many_citizens_into_flooding into supermarkets to buy salt.
谣言令许多市民涌入超市买盐。
[用准] panic的过去式和过去分词分别是panicked, panicked; 现在分词是panicking。
[写美]
④(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Mac冲进车里，砰地(slam)一声关上车门，浑身发抖，惊慌失措。
Mac_rushed_into_the_car,_slammed_the_door_and_trembled_all_over_in_panic.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Children usually learn by observing (观察) their parents.
2．To our great relief (安慰)，the miners trapped in the coal mine were all rescued.
3．I was sure my guardian angel was whispering (小声说) in my ear “Turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn, so I walked on.
4．This road is too narrow (狭窄的) for our car to pass. We had better go into the avenue.
5．Lastly, please attach (贴上) your business card below or fill up the information.
6．Ignoring (忽视)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
7．Tim glanced (瞥一眼) at the envelope and said it was his uncle's handwriting.
8．Some students from Grade 3 volunteered_ (自愿) to do some cleaning for the elderly people.
9．With the midterm examination approaching (临近), we are busy going over what we've learned this term.
10．Their criticism did not discourage me. On the contrary (相反), I worked even harder.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety (anxious) and depression.
2．Relieved (relief), I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
3．If we leave right away, hopefully (hopeful), we'll arrive on time.
4．They believe, for example, that their employees (employ)need constant supervision if they are to work effectively.
5．In case you need something, please don't hesitate to_tell (tell) me.
6．Some people are rather proud of not being ignorant (ignore) of such an important matter.
7．He looked up, glanced at them without recognition (recognize), and went on his way.
8．At first glance, the girl looks like my daughter.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．As I started laughing, Mom asked confused，“What's wrong？”confused→confusedly
2．It was relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road. relief前加a
3．Most of the students recognize Tom be a top student.be前加to
4．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.anxiously→anxious
5．Though he tried many approaches for solving the problem, he failed at last.for→to
6．Bruce was observed leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.leave前加to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The guard observed_a_young_man_stealing from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
门卫注意到一个年轻人正从办公室里偷东西，他试图悄悄地靠近他。
2．Whenever I ask him for help, he_doesn't_hesitate_to_help_me,_which moves me a lot.
无论何时我找他帮忙，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助我，这让我很感动。
3．It_is_very_likely_that he will agree with the plan.
他很有可能会同意这个计划。
4．The 31st Olympic Games were recognized_as_a_great_success.
人们认为第31届奥运会是非常成功的赛事。
5．All_the_approaches_to_the_airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。
(一)课前自主学习
1．in_sight 看得到，在视力范围之内
2．wish_for[串记1] 盼望，企盼
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．watch_out_for 留心，密切注意
5．roll_up 卷起来
6．glance_at[串记2] 瞥一眼，匆匆看
7．pay_back[串记3] 偿还；回报；报复
8．contrary_to 与……相反
9．attach_..._to_... 把……附在……上
10．clear_up (天气)放晴；清理
11．work_out 制订出；算出
12．come_across 偶然遇到
13．come_to_one's_aid 帮助某人
14．stare_at 盯着看，睁大眼睛看
15．be_grateful_to 对……表示感激
16．make_sense 有意义；讲得通
17．in_the_distance 在远处
18．to_one's_surprise 使某人惊奇的是
[同根短语串记]
串记1.wish短语小结
①wish for盼望，企盼 ②as you wish随心所欲
③fulfill a wish实现愿望 ④get one's wish如愿以偿
⑤make a wish许愿，祈求
⑥go against one's wishes违背某人的意愿
串记2.“眼”观六路
①stare at盯着看；凝视 ②glare at怒目而视
③glance at瞥一眼，匆匆看 ④look at看一看；瞧一瞧
⑤catch sight of看见
⑥catch a glimpse of瞥一眼；看一眼
串记3.pay短语速记
①pay back偿还；回报；报复 ②pay off付清；取得成功
③pay for为……而付钱 ④pay a visit to参观，拜访
⑤pay attention to注意
1．be already covered in_a grey mist 已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中
2．step out into the fog 步入了浓雾中
3．take the Underground 乘地铁
4．lie like a thick, grey cloud 像浓密的灰云一样聚积着
5．hear the sound of footsteps approaching
听到渐近的脚步声
6．stare up at the face 抬头盯着一张脸
7．get across the road 过马路
8．nowhere to be seen 不见了
1．Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正抬头看着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。
2．A blind person like me can't_get_across_the_road_without_help,_except in a fog like this.
像我这样的瞎子，没有帮助是无法过街的，除非是在像这样的大雾里。
3．Since it_is_believed_that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
因为人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，志愿者被要求实验前八小时不要吃喝。
4．While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather_than watch television.
吃饭的时候，听一些好听的音乐而不要看电视。
5．Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的几率可能是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was. I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son (come_to_my_son's_aid)．(用本单元短语升级加黑词块)
2．(2013·陕西高考阅读B)I thought it was another chance to repay (pay_back) someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier.(用本单元短语升级加黑词)
3．(2009·湖南高考阅读A)Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view (was_in_sight)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我发现自己对打羽毛球很感兴趣，因为这不会花费我太多的力气和时间。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
I_find_myself_interested_in_playing_badminton,_for_it_doesn't_cost_me_too_much_strength_and_time._
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)据说剪纸早在我国汉代就被用来作为装饰品。(It's＋过去分词＋that)
It_is_said_that_papercutting_was_used_as_a_decoration_as_early_as_the_Han_Dynasty_in_our_country.
3．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)当我们打算爬山时，一定要记得穿运动鞋而不要穿皮鞋。(rather than)
As_we_intend_to_climb_mountains,_do_be_sure_to_wear_gym_shoes_rather_than_leather_shoes.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．in sight看得见，在视力范围之内
[记牢]
out of sight 看不见
at first sight 初看时，乍一看
at the sight of ... 一看见……
catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
come into sight 进入视野
[练通] 用sight的相关短语填空
①There was no taxi in_sight,_so I had to take a bus into town.
②I caught_sight_of my former teacher just now，but he turned at a corner and I lost sight of him.
③The boy's eyes popped at_the_sight_of the rich variety of food on show.
④At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train was out_of_sight.
⑤Tom met Mary at a party, and they fell in love at_first_sight.
⑥The children ran to the bus stop happily when the bus came_into_sight.
[写美]
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)一踏进这所大学的校门，你就会看见许多古老的大树和建筑。
As_soon_as_you_enter_the_university_gate,_you_will_catch_sight_of_many_old_trees_and_buildings.
2．reach out伸出(手)，伸手拿
[记牢]
(1)reach for 伸手去拿/去够
(2)within one's reach 够得到/在某人能力范围之内
beyond one's reach＝out of one's reach
够不到/力所不及
[练通] 用reach的相关短语填空
①You should leave your keys within_your_reach.
②He reached_out his hands and gave his son a big hug and said “I love you”．
③My daughter is not tall enough to reach_for the dishes.
[写美]
④(2014·江西高考书面表达)我们树立的目标应该在自己的能力范围之内。
The_goal_that_we_set_should_be_within_our_reach.
3．watch out for留心，密切注意
[记牢]
(1)watch out 小心；提防
watch for 守候，等待
watch over 看守；监视；照管
(2)on watch 值班，看守
keep (a) close watch on 密切注视，严密监视
[练通] 用watch的相关短语填空
①Watch_out! There's a car driving fast toward here.
②Be careful！Watch_out_for cyclists and other runners.
③It is said that each country would have its own experts to watch_over the changes.
④The man on_watch didn't notice the danger.
⑤Jim is anxiously watching_for his girlfriend at the gate.
⑥The government is keeping_a_close_watch_on how the situation develops.
[写美]
⑦(2017·浙江高考书面表达)登山时，我们必须注意可能发生的危险。
While_climbing_the_mountain,_we_are_required_to_watch_out_for_possible_dangers.
[联想] 表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look out, take care, be careful等。
[句式集释]
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句] Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Seeing from the hilltop, we can find_the_city_more_beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
(2)When she got home, she found_the_light_in_her_mother's_room_off.
当她到家时，她发现她妈妈房间的灯熄灭了。
(3)She woke up and found_herself_in_a_hospital_bed.
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
(4)When she came into the room, she found_them_sitting_together_singing.
她进屋时，看见他们正坐在一起唱歌。
(5)When he came to himself, he found_himself_surrounded_by_a_group_of_boys.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群男孩子包围着。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
find后接复合宾语时常用以下形式：
find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
注意事项
如果find的宾语是动词不定式或从句，而其后有宾语补足语时，习惯上用形式宾语it来代替，并把真正的宾语放在后面。例如：
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
许多人发现早上起床困难，并且把责任推到闹钟上。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Frankly speaking, maybe you'll find it difficult to learn Tang poems by yourself.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Seeing in the distance, we can find our school stadium more splendid.(要点句)
2．倍数＋比较级＋than
[教材原句] Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The red ruler is three times as long (long) as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.
这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
(2)The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
(3)Our grain output will be 10_times_that_of_1960.
我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
倍数表达法的常见结构：
... times
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Our new school stadium covers an area of about 400 square meters, which is three times the size of the old one.(要点句)
(2)(2015·四川高考满分作文)As long as you devote twice more time and energy than you did before, I believe you are sure to make great progress.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
watch out for, come across, work out, roll up, pay back, clear up, in the distance, contrary to, in sight, wish for
1．I have been so busy that I have no time to clear_up the place which is so messy.
2．The noise of the engine died away as the car disappeared in_the_distance.
3．Mark was thought of as a failure. But contrary_to all our expectations, he's found a wellpaid job and a nice girlfriend.
4．There being no one in_sight in the street at night, Mary felt very frightened.
5．If you wish_for any further explanation, you had better apply in person to the chief of police.
6．The doctor said I may be sick, and that I must watch_out_for symptoms which can send me to hospital.
7．It's advisable not to consult the dictionary the moment you come_across a new word. Try to guess its meaning.
8．Any significant social change brings about problems and it is essential to work_out proper solutions.
9．The jacket was too big for him so he rolled_up the cuffs by himself.
10．I left my wallet at home. Can you lend me 10 dollars? I will pay_back the money to you on Friday.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The land came_into_sight after we had sailed for ten days.
我们航行了十天后，陆地进入了视野。
2．She was about to jump when_a_hand_reached_out and caught her arm.
她正要跳，这时一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。
3．It's no use wishing_for_things you can't have.
企盼得不到的事物是徒劳的。
4．The number of the students now is_twice_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在学生的人数是十年前的两倍。
5．When he woke up, he found_his_wallet_stolen.
当他醒来的时候，他发现钱包被偷了。
Ⅲ.分步写作
每年十一月的最后一个星期四是美国的感恩节。假设你是李华， 今天是2019年11月28日感恩节，此时你已经在高考中取得了优异成绩并在理想的大学里学习。请给过去的自己写一封信。
内容：1.回顾你在高中阶段的成功或失败；
2．感谢那个曾经勤奋刻苦百折不挠的自己。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear me，November 28, 2019
How time flies! It's Thanksgiving Day again. I am writing this letter to thank you.
Wish you greater success in your future life.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文既是写给过去的自己的一封信，人称应用第二人称，时态以过去时为主。内容上，根据要求从以下两个方面着手：一是回顾你在高中阶段的成功或失败(踏进高中，激动、兴奋又高兴；数学方面的失败和困难使你感到沮丧；一本书彻底改变了你) 二是感谢那个曾经勤奋刻苦百折不挠的自己(过去三年是忙碌的、充实的、苦乐参半的；坚强意志和决心使你走向成功)。
要点1：当你踏进高中校门时，激动、兴奋又高兴。(step into, thrilled)
When_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_you_are_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted.
要点2：学好数学是很难的。数学方面持续的失败和困难使你感到沮丧。(constant, frustrated)
It's_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well_and_constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated.
要点3：一本关于海伦·凯勒的书彻底改变了你。你不再屈服于任何困难。(change, give in to)
A_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you,_and_you_never_gave_in_to_any_difficulty_any_more.
要点4：过去三年的生活是忙碌的、充实的、苦乐参半的。(fulfilling, bittersweet)
Life_in_the_past_three_years_was_busy,_fulfilling_and_bittersweet.
要点5：你的坚强意志和决心使你走向成功。(strong will, determination, lead to)
Your_strong_will_and_determination_led_you_to_success.
要点6：感谢你的不懈努力，它们必将结出丰硕的果实。(ceaseless effort, be bound to)
Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts._They_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为提升文章档次，可对各要点进行以下拓展升级：要点1可用疑问句的形式来表达“你”高一初入学时的心情；要点2,3应进行细节的拓展，描述当初的心路历程，并注意用上复杂句式。
拓展1：你还记得你走进高中校门的那一天吗？激动、兴奋又高兴。(when引导的定语从句)
Can_you_still_remember_the_day_when_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted?
拓展2－①：没有了最初的兴奋，你逐渐发现学好数学是很难的。(find＋it＋宾语补足语)
Without_the_initial_excitement,_you_gradually_found_it_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well.
拓展2－②：数学方面持续的失败和困难使你感到沮丧，甚至快把你逼疯了。(or even)
Constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated_or_even_drove_you_crazy.
拓展3：你逃课去了学校图书馆，但幸运的是，在绝望来临之前，一本关于海伦·凯勒的书彻底改变了你。(并列句， before引导的时间状语从句)
You_skipped_classes_and_went_to_the_school_library,_but_fortunately_a_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you_before_despair_came.
升级5：正是你的坚强意志和决心使你走向成功。(强调句)
It_was_your_strong_will_and_determination_that_led_you_to_success.
升级6：感谢你的不懈努力，这必将结出丰硕的果实。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts,_which_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
把所列要点和文章所给的开头、末尾连接起来，加上适当的过渡词，用however， once， but，from then on等对上述语句进行组合重排。
Dear_me,_November_28,_2019_
How_time_flies!_It's_Thanksgiving_Day_again._I_am_writing_this_letter_to_thank_you.
Can_you_still_remember_the_day_when_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted?_However,_without_the_initial_excitement,_you_gradually_found_it_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well._Constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated_or_even_drove_you_crazy._Once,_you_skipped_classes_and_went_to_the_school_library,_but_fortunately_a_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you_before_despair_came._From_then_on_you_never_gave_in_to_any_difficulty_any_more.
Life_in_the_past_three_years_was_busy,_fulfilling_and_bittersweet._It_was_your_strong_will_and_determination_that_led_you_to_success._Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts,_which_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
Wish_you_greater_success_in_your_future_life.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
理清文体结构之(七) 说明文之事物类——抓说明对象，根据事物特点巧解题
事物类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面对事物进行客观说明。因此，该类文章的行文结构一般较为简单，阅读时不要拘泥于细枝末节，浏览完全文后，带着题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文查找答案出处，认真比对，从而得出正确答案。
[抓事物特点]
[高考典例] 2018·天津卷·C篇
[读文解题技法]
点明
说明
对象
特点1
特点2
关键词
特点3
特点4
[1]There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
[2]With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability (可持续性)
[3]The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
[4]Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
[5]Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.
1.读首段抓说明对象
本文在首段首句介绍了3D打印技术的新领域——打印食物。
2.览标题，看行文结构
本文从Food production, Sustainability, Nutrition, Challenges 四个方面介绍了3D打印食物的优缺点。
3.标题眼，找特点，比对定答案
标出题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文，查找事物特点，认真比对，得出答案。
[由题眼找特点，比对定答案]
46．What benefit does 3D printing bring to ？
A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B．It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．It improves the cooking conditions.
D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.
47．What can we learn about 3D food printing from ？
A．It solves food shortages easily.
B．It quickens the transportation of food.
C．It needs no space for the storage of food.
D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
48．According to ， 3Dprinted food________.
A．is more available to consumers
B．can meet individual nutritional needs
C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
[答案] 46.B 47.D 48.B
46．根据题干中的关键词语food production可定位到“特点1”，认真比对，可得出答案。
47．第三段的标题(特点2)“可持续性”暗含了3D打印机的材料应是可再生的，再据关键词“renewables”便可确定答案。
48．根据第四段中的“特点3”可推知答案。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．raised adj. 凸起的
2．nowhere adv. 无处，到处都不
3．pavement n. (马路边的)人行道
4．analyse vt. 分析
5．tap n．& vt.& vi. 轻拍，轻敲
6．compass n. 罗盘；指南针
7．sign n. 符号，标志；迹象
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．forecast (forecast, forecast) vt.& n. 预测，预报
2．glance vi.& n. 瞥一眼，匆匆看
3．wherever adv.& conj. 无论哪里
4．approach vi.& vt. 靠近；着手处理
n. 靠近；方法；路径
5．grasp vt. 抓紧，抓牢
6．likely adj.[纵联1] 可能的
7．aid n．& vt. 帮助
8．relief n. 轻松， 宽慰
9．reduce vt.& vi. 减少
10．volunteer n. 志愿者
vi.& vt. 自愿做，义务做
11．distance n. 距离；远处
12．suit n. 套装
vt. 适合， 满足需要
13．attach vt. 使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
14．whisper vi.& vt.[纵联2] 小声说；私下说
15．contrary adj. 相反的
n. 相反的事实或情况
16．calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的，平静的
vt.& vi. 使平静，镇静
17．panic vi.& n．[纵联3] 惊慌，恐慌
18．helper n. 帮助者
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论→observation n．观察→observer n．观察者
2．confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的
3．hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇
4．anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑→anxiety n．焦虑；渴望→anxiously adv.焦虑地
5．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地；感谢地→gratitude n．感激，感谢
6．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认→recognition n．识别；确认，认可；赏识
7．puzzle vt.迷惑，使困惑n.谜，疑问→puzzled adj.困惑的→puzzling adj.令人费解的
8．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的→ignorance n．愚昧，无知
9．disability n．缺陷；伤残→disabled adj.残废的，有缺陷的→disable v．使(某人)失去能力，残疾
10．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的，诱人的→attraction n．吸引，有吸引力的人或事
11．employ vt.使用；雇佣→employer n．雇佣者，雇主→employee n．受雇者，雇员，雇工→employment n．职业；雇佣，使用
纵联1.皆有“可能”
①likely adj. 可能的
②possible adj. 可能的
③probable adj. 很有可能的
④perhaps adv. 可能，大概
⑤maybe adv. 也许，大概
纵联2.“说”法荟萃
①whisper 小声说；耳语
②murmur 低语；小声说
③chat 聊天
④speak 说；演讲；发言
⑤inform 通知；告诉
⑥announce 宣告；述说
⑦declare 宣布；声明
⑧claim 声称；要求
纵联3.“惊恐”万状
①fear 担心，害怕
②alarm 使惊恐，警告
③frighten 使害怕，吓唬
④horror 惊骇，恐怖
⑤terror 恐怖，惊骇
⑥shock 震惊，使吃惊
⑦panic 惊慌，恐慌
单元话题——感官感知
子话题1 视觉领域
①sight视力，视觉 ②visual视力的，视觉的
③visible可见的；明显的 ④invisible看不见的
⑤insight洞察力，洞悉；领悟 ⑥foresight预见，先见之明
子话题2 嗅觉领域
①smelly有强烈气味的 ②fragrance芳香，香味；香水
③odor气味，臭味 ④odorous有气味的
⑤scent气味，香味；香水 ⑥perfume香气，香味；香水
子话题3 味觉领域
①delicious美味的，可口的 ②tasting尝味，品尝
③tasty味好的，美味的 ④tasteless无味的，乏味的
⑤savor滋味，气味 ⑥flavor味道，滋味；风味；香料
⑦relish滋味 ⑧sour酸的；酸腐的；变酸
⑨acid酸味的，酸的；酸 ⑩bitter苦的
⑪peppery胡椒味的
子话题4 感知领域
①perceive意识到；察觉 ②apprehend领会；理解
③deem认为，视作 ④discern识别；辨明
⑤divine占卜；预言 ⑥suspect怀疑
⑦take in领会 ⑧get the drift获悉要旨、大意
⑨have a hunch有预感
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2014·北京高考阅读B)This one was silent and its ears pinned back — the sign❶ of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably❷ because of hunger.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times. The bear opened its mouth and I __❸__(grasp) its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards the forest, before returning for another attack — the first time I felt panic❹.
①选择加黑词在句中的意思：__C__
A．符号 B．手势 C．迹象
②加黑词在本单元的同义词是：likely，两者虽然都以ly作后缀，但一个是副词一个是形容词。
③用所给词的适当形式填空：grasped
④加黑词在此处意为：惊慌失措的，它在本单元的反义词是：calm
2．(2013·江西高考完形)__❶__ (panic), she began to scream.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm❷ voice.“Hold on! I'm coming.” With relief❸， she saw❹ the old man rowing an ancientlooking boat towards her.“I hope you've learned a lesson.You put us both in danger，” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the boat. Gratefully❺， Diane thanked him and ran towards the beachhouse.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：Panicking，此处是分词作状语。
②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：沉着的，镇静的
③with relief在句中作状语，表示：松了口气
④用本单元单词observe升格加黑词。
⑤写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：grateful
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你还有什么令你困惑的问题，请尽管问我。(hesitate, puzzling)
Please_don't_hesitate_to_ask_me_if_you_still_have_puzzling_questions.
2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)最先吸引我的是，做一名志愿者不仅可以帮助别人，而且可以提高我的英语水平。(attract, volunteer, aid)
What_first_attracts_me_is_that_being_a_volunteer_can_not_only_aid_others_but_also_improve_my_English.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守；庆祝
[辨清] 写出下列句中observe的含义
①Our teachers took us on field trips to observe plants and animals.观察
②This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University, and her colleagues. 注意到
③Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people.遵守
④People of many Western countries observe Christmas.庆祝
[记牢]
(1)observe Christmas/New Year's Day/festivals
庆祝圣诞/元旦/节日
observe
(2)observation n. 观察；注意；监视
observer n. 遵守者，观察者；观察员
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑤My uncle acted as an observer (observe) at the UNESCO International Youth Forum.
⑥In hospital she'll be under observation (observe) all the time.
句型转换
⑦The police observed the man enter the bank.
→The man was observed to enter the bank by the police.
⑧She observed a man walking on the opposite of the way.
→She observed that a man was walking on the opposite of the way.
[用准] observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。
[写美]
⑨(2016·江苏高考书面表达)如果我们能制定一些让人们遵守的参与规则，情况就会变得更好。
Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for_people_to_observe.
2．glance vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看；扫视
[记牢]
(1)glance at sth./sb. 匆匆看一下某物/人
glance over/through sth. 粗略地/随便地看一看某物； 浏览某物
(2)at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下
take/give a glance at 匆匆看一眼
[练通] 完成句子
①She glanced_at me through her glasses, “You are no different from your classmates, young man.”
她透过眼镜朝我看了一眼，“年轻人，你和你的同学没有什么不同。”
②He glanced_over/took_a_glance_at the letter and then put it into his drawer.
他匆匆看了一下信，然后把它放进了抽屉里。
③At_first_glance,_the problem seemed easy.
乍一看，这个问题好像很容易。
[写美]
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)乍一看，我们学校体育馆的外观设计像鸟巢。
At_first_glance,_the_exterior_design_of_our_school_stadium_looks_like_the_Bird_Nest.
3．approach vt.靠近，接近；着手处理 n．接近；靠近；途径；方法
[辨清] 写出下列句中approach的含义
①As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed.接近，临近
②We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.方法
③He thought of several ways of approaching this problem.着手处理
[记牢]
(1)(an) approach to (doing)．..
……的方法/通道/途径(to为介词)
(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物
with ... approaching 随着……的临近
[练通]
单句语法填空
④The school has decided to adopt a different approach to dicipline.
⑤We need to try other approaches to solving (solve) the problem.
句型转换
⑥As the time for graduation is approaching，we are busy with our papers.
→With the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.
[写美]
⑦(2017·天津高考书面表达)随着第十三届全运会的临近，我们志愿者正在加快准备工作。
With_the_13th_National_Games_approaching,_we_volunteers_are_speeding_up_preparations.
[联想] 表示“做……的方法”的表达还有：the way to do/of (doing) sth., the means of (doing) sth., the method of (doing) sth.等。
4．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
[记牢]
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over ... 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Jim was still hesitating about/over whether to apologise to her or not.
②Don't hesitate to_tell (tell) them that the background noises are getting in the way.
③He leapt into the water without hesitation (hesitate) and saved the drowning child.
一句多译
她毫不犹豫地接受了我的提议。
④She didn't_hesitate_to_accept my offer.(hesitate)
⑤She accepted my offer without_hesitation.(hesitation)
⑥She had_no_hesitation_in_accepting my offer.(hesitation)
[写美]
⑦(2015·天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。
If_there_is_something_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please_don't_hesitate_to_tell_me.
5．anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；不安的
[记牢]
(1)be anxious about/for ... 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Lack of selfconfidence, Jack can't help being anxious about/for his job interview.
②Her family was poor, so the girl was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.
③The couple are waiting for their daughter's reply with anxiety (anxious)．
单句改错
④No one comes. Suddenly, a lady with an anxiously look rushed in. anxiously→anxious
句式升级
⑤She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
→She_looked_at_her_sick_child,_very_anxious.
[写美]
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)当你第一次作为一位客人去中国朋友家做客时，你可能会感到有点压力和焦虑，这是正常的。
It's_normal_that_you_may_feel_a_little_stressed_and_anxious_when_being_a_guest_to_a_Chinese_friend's_home_for_the_first_time._
6．relief n．轻松，宽慰；(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；救济
[记牢]
(1)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 宽慰地
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的
(2)relieve vt. 使轻松，宽慰；缓解
relieve sb. of ... 解除某人……方面的负担
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I was in relief when the exam was over.
②The medicine greatly relieved him of his headache.
③We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.
完成句子
④It is a_great_relief to have rain after a long time of drought.
长期的干旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。
⑤To_our_great_relief,_the accident caused little damage.
使我们大感宽慰的是，事故造成的损失很小。
[写美]
⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)你在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。
You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.
7．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
[记牢]
(1)recognize sb./sth.by/from ... 根据……认出某人/物
be recognized to be/as ... 被认为是……，被认作……
It is generally recognized that ... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认识；认出
out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Celeste Ng, a new writer, has gained recognition (recognize) for her first novel, Everything I Never Told You.
②Although he hadn't seen grandma for years, he recognized her from/by her voice over the phone at once.
③Since 1958, they have been recognized as/to_be the national theatre of Israel.
完成句子
④My hometown has_changed_beyond/out_of_recognition since I left here last time.
自从我上次离开这里以来，我的家乡已经变得认不出来了。
⑤It_is_recognized_that traffic jam has become one serious problem to citizens.
人们认识到，交通堵塞已成为市民面临的一个严重问题。
[写美]
⑥(2018·江苏高考书面表达)人们认识到，大多数消费者可以根据消费排名找到一个满意的产品。
It_is_recognized_that_most_consumers_can_find_a_satisfactory_product_according_to_the_ratings.
8．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
[记牢]
(1)ignorant adj. (对某事)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about ... 对……不知道/不了解
(2)ignorance n. 无知
out of ignorance 由于无知
be in ignorance of ... 不知道……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Ignorance (ignore) of people brings fear, fear of the unknown.
②People don't like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant (ignore)．
完成句子
③I made a suggestion, but she_ignored_it.
我提了个建议，可是她不理睬。
④He confessed himself that he_was_ignorant_of/about_their_family_income.
他承认自己对于他们的家庭收入一无所知。
[写美]
⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)然而，消费者在购物时不应忽视消费排名的重要性。
However,_consumers_shouldn't_ignore_the_significance_of_the_ratings_while_shopping.
9．attach vt.使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
[辨清] 写出下列句中attach的含义
①With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 把……附在……上
②The high school is attached to that university.附属于
③We must attach importance to the education of the children.认为……重要
[记牢]
(1)attach ... to ... 把……附在……上
attach importance/significance/value to ...
认为……有重要性/意义/价值 (to为介词)
(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附属的；喜欢的
be attached to 喜欢；依附于；隶属于
[练通]
单句语法填空
④This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.
⑤Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.
⑥Honestly speaking, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming (become) rich and famous.
句式升级
⑦All of us should attach great importance to the safety of school buses. (变为被动语态)
→Great_importance_should_be_attached_to_the_safety_of_school_buses.
[写美]
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我一直非常重视英语口语，所以流利地说英语是没有问题的。
I_have_been_attaching_great_importance_to_spoken_English,_so_there_is_no_problem_for_me_to_speak_English_fluently.
10．panic vi.& n．惊慌，恐慌
[记牢]
(1)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
[练通] 完成句子
①Office workers fled in_panic as the building caught fire.
大楼着火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
②When she found her son was out of sight, the lady got_into_a_panic.
那位女士发现儿子不见了时十分惊慌。
③Rumours panicked_many_citizens_into_flooding into supermarkets to buy salt.
谣言令许多市民涌入超市买盐。
[用准] panic的过去式和过去分词分别是panicked, panicked; 现在分词是panicking。
[写美]
④(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Mac冲进车里，砰地(slam)一声关上车门，浑身发抖，惊慌失措。
Mac_rushed_into_the_car,_slammed_the_door_and_trembled_all_over_in_panic.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Children usually learn by observing (观察) their parents.
2．To our great relief (安慰)，the miners trapped in the coal mine were all rescued.
3．I was sure my guardian angel was whispering (小声说) in my ear “Turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn, so I walked on.
4．This road is too narrow (狭窄的) for our car to pass. We had better go into the avenue.
5．Lastly, please attach (贴上) your business card below or fill up the information.
6．Ignoring (忽视)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
7．Tim glanced (瞥一眼) at the envelope and said it was his uncle's handwriting.
8．Some students from Grade 3 volunteered_ (自愿) to do some cleaning for the elderly people.
9．With the midterm examination approaching (临近), we are busy going over what we've learned this term.
10．Their criticism did not discourage me. On the contrary (相反), I worked even harder.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety (anxious) and depression.
2．Relieved (relief), I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
3．If we leave right away, hopefully (hopeful), we'll arrive on time.
4．They believe, for example, that their employees (employ)need constant supervision if they are to work effectively.
5．In case you need something, please don't hesitate to_tell (tell) me.
6．Some people are rather proud of not being ignorant (ignore) of such an important matter.
7．He looked up, glanced at them without recognition (recognize), and went on his way.
8．At first glance, the girl looks like my daughter.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．As I started laughing, Mom asked confused，“What's wrong？”confused→confusedly
2．It was relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road. relief前加a
3．Most of the students recognize Tom be a top student.be前加to
4．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.anxiously→anxious
5．Though he tried many approaches for solving the problem, he failed at last.for→to
6．Bruce was observed leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.leave前加to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The guard observed_a_young_man_stealing from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
门卫注意到一个年轻人正从办公室里偷东西，他试图悄悄地靠近他。
2．Whenever I ask him for help, he_doesn't_hesitate_to_help_me,_which moves me a lot.
无论何时我找他帮忙，他都会毫不犹豫地帮助我，这让我很感动。
3．It_is_very_likely_that he will agree with the plan.
他很有可能会同意这个计划。
4．The 31st Olympic Games were recognized_as_a_great_success.
人们认为第31届奥运会是非常成功的赛事。
5．All_the_approaches_to_the_airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。
(一)课前自主学习
1．in_sight 看得到，在视力范围之内
2．wish_for[串记1] 盼望，企盼
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．watch_out_for 留心，密切注意
5．roll_up 卷起来
6．glance_at[串记2] 瞥一眼，匆匆看
7．pay_back[串记3] 偿还；回报；报复
8．contrary_to 与……相反
9．attach_..._to_... 把……附在……上
10．clear_up (天气)放晴；清理
11．work_out 制订出；算出
12．come_across 偶然遇到
13．come_to_one's_aid 帮助某人
14．stare_at 盯着看，睁大眼睛看
15．be_grateful_to 对……表示感激
16．make_sense 有意义；讲得通
17．in_the_distance 在远处
18．to_one's_surprise 使某人惊奇的是
[同根短语串记]
串记1.wish短语小结
①wish for盼望，企盼 ②as you wish随心所欲
③fulfill a wish实现愿望 ④get one's wish如愿以偿
⑤make a wish许愿，祈求
⑥go against one's wishes违背某人的意愿
串记2.“眼”观六路
①stare at盯着看；凝视 ②glare at怒目而视
③glance at瞥一眼，匆匆看 ④look at看一看；瞧一瞧
⑤catch sight of看见
⑥catch a glimpse of瞥一眼；看一眼
串记3.pay短语速记
①pay back偿还；回报；报复 ②pay off付清；取得成功
③pay for为……而付钱 ④pay a visit to参观，拜访
⑤pay attention to注意
1．be already covered in_a grey mist 已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中
2．step out into the fog 步入了浓雾中
3．take the Underground 乘地铁
4．lie like a thick, grey cloud 像浓密的灰云一样聚积着
5．hear the sound of footsteps approaching
听到渐近的脚步声
6．stare up at the face 抬头盯着一张脸
7．get across the road 过马路
8．nowhere to be seen 不见了
1．Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正抬头看着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。
2．A blind person like me can't_get_across_the_road_without_help,_except in a fog like this.
像我这样的瞎子，没有帮助是无法过街的，除非是在像这样的大雾里。
3．Since it_is_believed_that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
因为人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，志愿者被要求实验前八小时不要吃喝。
4．While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather_than watch television.
吃饭的时候，听一些好听的音乐而不要看电视。
5．Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要惧怕鲨鱼，因为你被闪电击中的几率可能是被鲨鱼攻击的30倍。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ完形)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was. I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son (come_to_my_son's_aid)．(用本单元短语升级加黑词块)
2．(2013·陕西高考阅读B)I thought it was another chance to repay (pay_back) someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier.(用本单元短语升级加黑词)
3．(2009·湖南高考阅读A)Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view (was_in_sight)．(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我发现自己对打羽毛球很感兴趣，因为这不会花费我太多的力气和时间。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
I_find_myself_interested_in_playing_badminton,_for_it_doesn't_cost_me_too_much_strength_and_time._
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)据说剪纸早在我国汉代就被用来作为装饰品。(It's＋过去分词＋that)
It_is_said_that_papercutting_was_used_as_a_decoration_as_early_as_the_Han_Dynasty_in_our_country.
3．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)当我们打算爬山时，一定要记得穿运动鞋而不要穿皮鞋。(rather than)
As_we_intend_to_climb_mountains,_do_be_sure_to_wear_gym_shoes_rather_than_leather_shoes.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．in sight看得见，在视力范围之内
[记牢]
out of sight 看不见
at first sight 初看时，乍一看
at the sight of ... 一看见……
catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
come into sight 进入视野
[练通] 用sight的相关短语填空
①There was no taxi in_sight,_so I had to take a bus into town.
②I caught_sight_of my former teacher just now，but he turned at a corner and I lost sight of him.
③The boy's eyes popped at_the_sight_of the rich variety of food on show.
④At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train was out_of_sight.
⑤Tom met Mary at a party, and they fell in love at_first_sight.
⑥The children ran to the bus stop happily when the bus came_into_sight.
[写美]
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)一踏进这所大学的校门，你就会看见许多古老的大树和建筑。
As_soon_as_you_enter_the_university_gate,_you_will_catch_sight_of_many_old_trees_and_buildings.
2．reach out伸出(手)，伸手拿
[记牢]
(1)reach for 伸手去拿/去够
(2)within one's reach 够得到/在某人能力范围之内
beyond one's reach＝out of one's reach
够不到/力所不及
[练通] 用reach的相关短语填空
①You should leave your keys within_your_reach.
②He reached_out his hands and gave his son a big hug and said “I love you”．
③My daughter is not tall enough to reach_for the dishes.
[写美]
④(2014·江西高考书面表达)我们树立的目标应该在自己的能力范围之内。
The_goal_that_we_set_should_be_within_our_reach.
3．watch out for留心，密切注意
[记牢]
(1)watch out 小心；提防
watch for 守候，等待
watch over 看守；监视；照管
(2)on watch 值班，看守
keep (a) close watch on 密切注视，严密监视
[练通] 用watch的相关短语填空
①Watch_out! There's a car driving fast toward here.
②Be careful！Watch_out_for cyclists and other runners.
③It is said that each country would have its own experts to watch_over the changes.
④The man on_watch didn't notice the danger.
⑤Jim is anxiously watching_for his girlfriend at the gate.
⑥The government is keeping_a_close_watch_on how the situation develops.
[写美]
⑦(2017·浙江高考书面表达)登山时，我们必须注意可能发生的危险。
While_climbing_the_mountain,_we_are_required_to_watch_out_for_possible_dangers.
[联想] 表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look out, take care, be careful等。
[句式集释]
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句] Polly found_herself_staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Seeing from the hilltop, we can find_the_city_more_beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
(2)When she got home, she found_the_light_in_her_mother's_room_off.
当她到家时，她发现她妈妈房间的灯熄灭了。
(3)She woke up and found_herself_in_a_hospital_bed.
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
(4)When she came into the room, she found_them_sitting_together_singing.
她进屋时，看见他们正坐在一起唱歌。
(5)When he came to himself, he found_himself_surrounded_by_a_group_of_boys.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群男孩子包围着。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
find后接复合宾语时常用以下形式：
find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
注意事项
如果find的宾语是动词不定式或从句，而其后有宾语补足语时，习惯上用形式宾语it来代替，并把真正的宾语放在后面。例如：
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
许多人发现早上起床困难，并且把责任推到闹钟上。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Frankly speaking, maybe you'll find it difficult to learn Tang poems by yourself.(要点句)
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Seeing in the distance, we can find our school stadium more splendid.(要点句)
2．倍数＋比较级＋than
[教材原句] Don't be frightened by sharks: you are 30_times_more_likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The red ruler is three times as long (long) as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.
这把红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。
(2)The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
(3)Our grain output will be 10_times_that_of_1960.
我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
倍数表达法的常见结构：
... times
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Our new school stadium covers an area of about 400 square meters, which is three times the size of the old one.(要点句)
(2)(2015·四川高考满分作文)As long as you devote twice more time and energy than you did before, I believe you are sure to make great progress.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
watch out for, come across, work out, roll up, pay back, clear up, in the distance, contrary to, in sight, wish for
1．I have been so busy that I have no time to clear_up the place which is so messy.
2．The noise of the engine died away as the car disappeared in_the_distance.
3．Mark was thought of as a failure. But contrary_to all our expectations, he's found a wellpaid job and a nice girlfriend.
4．There being no one in_sight in the street at night, Mary felt very frightened.
5．If you wish_for any further explanation, you had better apply in person to the chief of police.
6．The doctor said I may be sick, and that I must watch_out_for symptoms which can send me to hospital.
7．It's advisable not to consult the dictionary the moment you come_across a new word. Try to guess its meaning.
8．Any significant social change brings about problems and it is essential to work_out proper solutions.
9．The jacket was too big for him so he rolled_up the cuffs by himself.
10．I left my wallet at home. Can you lend me 10 dollars? I will pay_back the money to you on Friday.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The land came_into_sight after we had sailed for ten days.
我们航行了十天后，陆地进入了视野。
2．She was about to jump when_a_hand_reached_out and caught her arm.
她正要跳，这时一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。
3．It's no use wishing_for_things you can't have.
企盼得不到的事物是徒劳的。
4．The number of the students now is_twice_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在学生的人数是十年前的两倍。
5．When he woke up, he found_his_wallet_stolen.
当他醒来的时候，他发现钱包被偷了。
Ⅲ.分步写作
每年十一月的最后一个星期四是美国的感恩节。假设你是李华， 今天是2019年11月28日感恩节，此时你已经在高考中取得了优异成绩并在理想的大学里学习。请给过去的自己写一封信。
内容：1.回顾你在高中阶段的成功或失败；
2．感谢那个曾经勤奋刻苦百折不挠的自己。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear me，November 28, 2019
How time flies! It's Thanksgiving Day again. I am writing this letter to thank you.
Wish you greater success in your future life.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文既是写给过去的自己的一封信，人称应用第二人称，时态以过去时为主。内容上，根据要求从以下两个方面着手：一是回顾你在高中阶段的成功或失败(踏进高中，激动、兴奋又高兴；数学方面的失败和困难使你感到沮丧；一本书彻底改变了你) 二是感谢那个曾经勤奋刻苦百折不挠的自己(过去三年是忙碌的、充实的、苦乐参半的；坚强意志和决心使你走向成功)。
要点1：当你踏进高中校门时，激动、兴奋又高兴。(step into, thrilled)
When_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_you_are_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted.
要点2：学好数学是很难的。数学方面持续的失败和困难使你感到沮丧。(constant, frustrated)
It's_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well_and_constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated.
要点3：一本关于海伦·凯勒的书彻底改变了你。你不再屈服于任何困难。(change, give in to)
A_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you,_and_you_never_gave_in_to_any_difficulty_any_more.
要点4：过去三年的生活是忙碌的、充实的、苦乐参半的。(fulfilling, bittersweet)
Life_in_the_past_three_years_was_busy,_fulfilling_and_bittersweet.
要点5：你的坚强意志和决心使你走向成功。(strong will, determination, lead to)
Your_strong_will_and_determination_led_you_to_success.
要点6：感谢你的不懈努力，它们必将结出丰硕的果实。(ceaseless effort, be bound to)
Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts._They_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为提升文章档次，可对各要点进行以下拓展升级：要点1可用疑问句的形式来表达“你”高一初入学时的心情；要点2,3应进行细节的拓展，描述当初的心路历程，并注意用上复杂句式。
拓展1：你还记得你走进高中校门的那一天吗？激动、兴奋又高兴。(when引导的定语从句)
Can_you_still_remember_the_day_when_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted?
拓展2－①：没有了最初的兴奋，你逐渐发现学好数学是很难的。(find＋it＋宾语补足语)
Without_the_initial_excitement,_you_gradually_found_it_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well.
拓展2－②：数学方面持续的失败和困难使你感到沮丧，甚至快把你逼疯了。(or even)
Constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated_or_even_drove_you_crazy.
拓展3：你逃课去了学校图书馆，但幸运的是，在绝望来临之前，一本关于海伦·凯勒的书彻底改变了你。(并列句， before引导的时间状语从句)
You_skipped_classes_and_went_to_the_school_library,_but_fortunately_a_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you_before_despair_came.
升级5：正是你的坚强意志和决心使你走向成功。(强调句)
It_was_your_strong_will_and_determination_that_led_you_to_success.
升级6：感谢你的不懈努力，这必将结出丰硕的果实。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts,_which_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
把所列要点和文章所给的开头、末尾连接起来，加上适当的过渡词，用however， once， but，from then on等对上述语句进行组合重排。
Dear_me,_November_28,_2019_
How_time_flies!_It's_Thanksgiving_Day_again._I_am_writing_this_letter_to_thank_you.
Can_you_still_remember_the_day_when_you_stepped_into_the_gate_of_high_school,_thrilled,_excited_and_delighted?_However,_without_the_initial_excitement,_you_gradually_found_it_very_hard_to_learn_maths_well._Constant_failure_and_hardship_in_maths_made_you_frustrated_or_even_drove_you_crazy._Once,_you_skipped_classes_and_went_to_the_school_library,_but_fortunately_a_book_about_Helen_Keller_totally_changed_you_before_despair_came._From_then_on_you_never_gave_in_to_any_difficulty_any_more.
Life_in_the_past_three_years_was_busy,_fulfilling_and_bittersweet._It_was_your_strong_will_and_determination_that_led_you_to_success._Thank_you_for_your_ceaseless_efforts,_which_are_bound_to_bear_rich_fruit.
Wish_you_greater_success_in_your_future_life.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
理清文体结构之(七) 说明文之事物类——抓说明对象，根据事物特点巧解题
事物类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面对事物进行客观说明。因此，该类文章的行文结构一般较为简单，阅读时不要拘泥于细枝末节，浏览完全文后，带着题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文查找答案出处，认真比对，从而得出正确答案。
[抓事物特点]
[高考典例] 2018·天津卷·C篇
[读文解题技法]
点明
说明
对象
特点1
特点2
关键词
特点3
特点4
[1]There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
[2]With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability (可持续性)
[3]The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
[4]Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
[5]Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.
1.读首段抓说明对象
本文在首段首句介绍了3D打印技术的新领域——打印食物。
2.览标题，看行文结构
本文从Food production, Sustainability, Nutrition, Challenges 四个方面介绍了3D打印食物的优缺点。
3.标题眼，找特点，比对定答案
标出题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文，查找事物特点，认真比对，得出答案。
[由题眼找特点，比对定答案]
46．What benefit does 3D printing bring to ？
A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B．It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．It improves the cooking conditions.
D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.
47．What can we learn about 3D food printing from ？
A．It solves food shortages easily.
B．It quickens the transportation of food.
C．It needs no space for the storage of food.
D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
48．According to ， 3Dprinted food________.
A．is more available to consumers
B．can meet individual nutritional needs
C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
[答案] 46.B 47.D 48.B
46．根据题干中的关键词语food production可定位到“特点1”，认真比对，可得出答案。
47．第三段的标题(特点2)“可持续性”暗含了3D打印机的材料应是可再生的，再据关键词“renewables”便可确定答案。
48．根据第四段中的“特点3”可推知答案。
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