2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第2部分第十讲　特殊句式

第十讲　特殊句式语法填空或短文改错对动词进行考查时，主谓一致亦在考查之列，主谓一致也是考生在书面表达中易忽略的内容。倒装考查往往会涉及助动词的选取。在书面表达中如能恰当地呈现出倒装、强调、省略或感叹等特殊句式，无疑将给阅卷教师留下良好的印象。命题趋势：近三年高考试题中的特殊句式的考查很少，但是强调句和倒装句是高中教学重点内容，考生仍然要掌握这部分内容，以便有较强的综合能力应对高考。考点一　强调句①It is the manager rather than the workers that is to blame for the accident.They just carried out the plan as told.是经理而不是工人该为事故负责任。他们只是按被告知的执行计划。②It wasn't until nearly a month later that I received the manager's reply.直到将近一个月后，我才收到了经理的回信。③How was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week？He's always so lazy.你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的？他总是那么懒。④I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.我的确希望你能考虑我的计划。[规律总结]强调句陈述句式：It is/was…that/who…(强调除谓语以外的成分)一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋…that/who…？特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who…？“not…until…”的强调句：It is/was not until…that…＋剩余部分(注意时态)强调谓语动词do/does/did＋动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时) 考点二　倒装句1．完全倒装①John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一位他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。②Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活了。③Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。[规律总结]在英语中，把谓语动词全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：1．表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语如here，there，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时，如是代词则无须倒装。2．若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。3．there be句型：其中be动词有时可用exist，live，stand，lie，seem，appear，remain，happen等词代替，谓语动词用就近原则。2．部分倒装①Only after he failed a third time did he admit that his English ability was quite limited.直到他第三次失败，他才承认他的英语能力很有限。②—It's nice.Never before have I had such a special drink!—I'm glad you like it.“太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！”“你喜欢，我很高兴。”③—Shall we take some apples with us?—No，at no time is food allowed in the library.“我们可以随身带些苹果吗？”“不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。”④Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历真正的困难时，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。[规律总结]1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。2．否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。3．部分倒装的特殊句式①If a healthy environment is gone，so is everything that our life depends on.如果一个健康的环境消失了，我们赖以生存的一切也会消失。②So tired was I after a whole day's heavy work that I could hardly stand on my feet.在一天的繁重工作之后我是如此累，以至于几乎站不住了。③Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。④Faced with the great danger of drowning as he was，the young man jumped into the river to save the struggling boy without hesitation.尽管面临溺水的巨大危险，这个年轻人还是毫不犹豫地跳下河去营救在水中挣扎的男孩。⑤It is said that no sooner had the game started than it began to rain.据说比赛刚一开始就开始下雨了。[规律总结]1．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。2．在so…that…和such…that…句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中需要部分倒装。3．not only…but also…连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用部分倒装。4．as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)5．hardly…when…， no sooner…than…， scarcely…when…(“刚……就……”)，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。考点三　主谓一致1．意义一致原则①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼后经历了无数的成败。②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。③Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。④Knowing how to think clearly and how to speak correctly gives one confidence.知道怎样清晰地思考并正确地说出来会增加人的自信。⑤The factory used three­fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来留作他用。⑥Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。[规律总结]1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。3．非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4．含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：(1)many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。(2)the rest，the remaining/part…＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。2．就近原则①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.你或者我将负责这件事。②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。③There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil­box.＝There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil­box.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。[规律总结]1．由or，nor，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but(also)连接的并列主语，根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。2．there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。3．语法一致原则①The majority of visitors were in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.大多数的访客都支持他的结论：关于这个主题的出版书籍数量多得惊人。②With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.＝With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。③This new type of buses is now on show.这种新型的公共汽车正在展出。④The murderer，together with his two brothers，was sentenced to death just now.那个杀人犯，连同他的两个兄弟刚才均被判处死刑。[规律总结]1．主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2．a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。3．由“kind(form，type，sort，species，portion，series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数形式。4．主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) While running　regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Since 2011，the country________(grow) more corn than rice.3．(2018·高考浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ________(shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.4．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) Fast food ________(be) full of fat and salt.5．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.6．(2017·高考天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.7．(2017·高考浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.8．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable.9．(2016·高考上海卷)But like so many other things, it is only too much stress ________ does you harm.10．(2016·高考江苏卷) Not until recently________ they encourage the development of tourist­ related activities in the rural areas.【答案】1.is　2.has grown　3.was shocked　4.is　5.comes6．that　7.so　8.is　9.that　10.didⅡ.单句改错1．(2018·河南许昌一模)Please allowing me to say sorry again._____________________________________________________________2．It was not until she went back home when Kate realized she had left her schoolbag at school._____________________________________________________________3．So suddenly the big fire happen that people had no time to escape._____________________________________________________________4．Given me one more hour, and I'll finish the work on time._____________________________________________________________5．Mr.Wang said that the job was important and we should try our best to do it._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.allowing→allow　2.when→that　3.suddenly后加did　4.Given→Give　5.and后加thatⅢ.语法填空AOur school library，along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools'.There 1.________(be)two computer rooms，three art rooms，a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2.________(be) large.It was 2,000,000 dollars 3.________ all the books cost our school.It is such a large amount of money 4.________ an average family can't afford it，right？But in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion，many students have a thirst for knowledge.Our library is also a multifunctional building.There are 500 computers in it.Many a student 5.________(surf)the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates，Mike and John，are surfing the Internet.6.________ happy they are!Look！A professor and writer 7.________(be)delivering a speech in the meeting room.Every time there is a wonderful speech，the audience always 8.________(cheer)up.What lovely children they are！Enter our art room 9.________ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room.On the wall 10.________(be)about 500 pictures，which attract many students.【答案】1.are　2.is　3.that　4.that　5.surfs　6.How7．is　8.cheer/cheers　9.and　10.areBThe door of a popular coffee bar in central Delhi 1.________ (be) seldom shut for long as a steady stream of customers walk in and out.Many of them 2.________ (be) youngsters—college students and young working people wanting to relax over a cup of coffee.“Without being disturbed，you can sit for a long time and have a cup of coffee，and chat，nobody 3.________ (disturb) you here，” said a girl.“You can sit，talk and spend time here，and have a cup of coffee，hang out with your friends，nice time，”added another customer.“Basically the setting and the fact that you can sit here，relaxed.They actually allow you to relax.That's the thing，” a girl said.“I get to meet a lot of people here.”“Young people 4.________ (be) looking for a place where they can hang out，let down their hair，and have a good time，and the coffee 5.________ (be) a good excuse to bring them together.It made coffee far more easily reached，” said another young boy.The coffee culture 6.________ (have) been spreading rapidly in recent years as coffee bars began rapidly increasing in Indian towns and cities.It is a trend that has been repeated in some of the traditional tea­drinking cultures of East Asia，such as China and Hong Kong.The results 7.________ (have) been great：home use of coffee last year increased by nearly one­third，from 60,000 to 80,000 tons.That is good news for the coffee industry，which 8.________ (be) recovering from a five­year crisis.Indian coffee growers，who export three­quarter of their produce，were hit hard for it at that time.Although the export market 9.________ (have) now recovered，the growers hope to make some of their incomes in the home market in the future.The success of cafes in India has attracted the attention of international chains.U.S.coffee giant Starbucks 10.________ (be) exploring possible partners，and says it wants to enter the country by the end of the year.【答案】1.is　2.are　3.disturbs　4.are　5.is　6.has7．have　8.is　9.has　10.is