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2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book3Unit8Adventure
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Unit 8 Adventure
1．The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully are kindness, beauty and truth.
有些理想曾为我照亮道路，并不断给我欣然面对人生的新的勇气，那些理想就是真、善、美。
2．A brave man risks his life, not his conscience.
勇敢的人可用生命冒险，但不以良心冒险。
3．He's going to walk down the front steps, wave his hand and start his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow.
他要走下前面的台阶，挥挥手，然后开始他的伟大的历险征程，其间或许有争斗、不幸以及伤痛。
4．If you want to hit the mark, you must aim a little above it because of the gravity.
要想射中靶，必须瞄准比靶略为高些，因为存在地心引力的影响。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)adventure (n.) 奇遇，冒险的经历→adventurer (n.) 冒险者→adventurous (adj.) 爱冒险的，大胆的
(2)wild (adj.) 野生的；狂热的→wildly (adv.) 野生地；野蛮地→wildlife (n.) 野生动植物
(3)optional (adj.) 可选择的；非强制的→optionally (adv.) 随意地→option (n.) 选择；选项；选择权
(4)organization (n.) 组织，团体，机构→organizational (adj.) 组织的，编制的→organize (vt.) 组织→organized (adj.) 有组织的，系统的
(5)accommodation (n.) 住所，住处
(6)differ (vi.) 不同于，有区别→different (adj.) 不同的，有区别的→difference (n.) 区别，不同
(7)anxious (adj.) 忧虑的，担心的→anxiously (adv.) 忧虑地，担心地→anxiety (n.) 忧虑，担心
(8)similarity (n.) 相似性，类似性→similar (adj.) 相似的，相同的→similarly (adv.) 类似地
(9)exactly (adv.) 确切地，精确地→exact (adj.) 确切的，精确的
(10)risk (vt.) 冒……的危险→risky (adj.) 危险的，冒险的
(11)excitement (n.) 兴奋，激奋→excite (vt.) 使人振奋，使人兴奋→excited (adj.) 感到兴奋的→exciting (adj.) 令人兴奋的
(12)various (adj.) 不同的，各种各样的→vary (vt.& vi.) 改变，变化→variety (n.) 种类，变化，多样化
(13)equipment (n.) 设备，配备→equip (vt.) 装备，配备
(14)amaze (vt.) 使惊愕，使吃惊→amazed (adj.) 感到吃惊的→amazing (adj.) 令人吃惊的→amazement (n.) 惊愕，吃惊
(15)confuse (vt.) 使困惑→confused (adj.) 感到困惑的→confusing (adj.) 令人困惑的→confusion (n.) 困惑
(16)wealthy (adj.) 富有的，富裕的→wealth (n.) 富裕，财富
(17)quantity (n.) 数量
(18)preparation (n.) 准备，预备→prepare (vt.) 准备，筹备
(19)ambition (n.) 志向，抱负→ambitious (adj.) 有志向的，有抱负的，有野心的→ambitiously (adv.) 雄心勃勃地
(20)cheerful (adj.) 愉快的，高兴的→cheer (vt.) 使高兴，使愉快→cheerfully (adv.) 快乐地，高兴地
(21)distant (adj.) 远处的，久远的→distance (n.) 远处
(22)patience (n.) 耐心，忍耐力→patient (adj.) 耐心的 (n.) 病人
(23)aim (n.& vt.& vi.) 目标，目的；旨在，致力→aimless (adj.) 无目的的，没有目标的→goal (n.) 目标，目的
(24)observe (vt.) 观察，观测→observation (n.) 观察，观测
(25)survival (n.) 幸存，残存，生存→survive (vi.) 活下来，幸存
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)hike (v.& n．) 徒步旅行，远足
(2)major (adj.) 较重要的；较严重的→majority (n.) 多数，大多数
(3)tiring (adj.) 令人疲劳的→tire (vt.) 使人疲劳→tired (adj.) 感到疲劳的→tiredness (n.) 疲劳，疲倦→tireless (adj.) 不疲倦的→tirelessly (adv.) 不知疲倦地
(4)uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的，不自在的→comfort (vt.) 使舒服→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的
(5)luggage (n.) 〈英〉行李→baggage (n.) 〈美〉行李
(6)extreme (adj.) 极度的，极端的→extremely (adv.) 极度地，极端地→extremeness (n.) 极度，极端
(7)preference (n.) 偏爱，较喜欢的东西→prefer (vt.) 更喜欢
(8)goods (n.) 物品，商品
(9)fuel (n.) 燃料
(10)statement (n.) 陈述→state (vt.) 陈述
(11)shock (vt.) 使震惊，使惊骇→shocked (adj.) 感到震惊的→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的
(12)sadness (n.) 悲哀，忧伤→sad (adj.) 悲哀的，悲伤的→sadly (adv.) 悲痛地，悲伤地
(13)function (vi.) 运转，发挥作用 (n.) 功能，作用
(14)disadvantage (n.) 不利，不利条件→advantage (n.) 优势，有利条件
(15)limit (n.) 边界，限度→limited (adj.) 有限制的，有限的
[单句语法填空]
1.I'm going to take three ________ (option) courses this term.
答案：optional
2．There needs to be a change in the ________ (organize) of the health service.
答案：organization
3．The two doctors made ________ (differ) diagnosis of my disease.
答案：different
4．They are waiting ________ (anxious) for their teacher to announce their grades.
答案：anxiously
5．They know they are risking ________ (punish)．
答案：being punished
6．Children were filled with ________ (excite) at the thought of visiting Disneyland.
答案：excitement
7．Visitors are often ________ (amaze) to discover how little the town has changed.
答案：amazed
8．Large __________ (quantity) of students have participated in the school sports meeting today.
答案：quantities
9．Those who come from the remote village are __________ (ambition) although they are poor.
答案：ambitious
10．A lot of small companies are having to fight for ________ (survive)．
答案：survival
联想积累
1．以less结尾的合成词
①hopeless 没有希望的
②homeless 无家的，无家可归的
③restless 不平静的，不安宁的
④tireless 不知疲倦的，孜孜不倦的
⑤blameless 无可指责的；无过失的
⑥aimless 无目的的
⑦airless 无空气的；不通气的
⑧armless 无武器的
⑨authorless 作者不详的
⑩bloodless 无血色的；不流血的，和平的
⑪boneless 无骨的
⑫jobless 失业的
⑬kindless 无情的
⑭leafless 无叶的
⑮lifeless 无生命的；死气沉沉的
⑯limitless 无界限的
⑰wireless 不用电线的，用无线电波传递的
⑱fearless 大胆的，勇敢的
⑲loveless 无爱的
⑳endless 无尽的
2．以ous结尾的形容词家族
①anxious 焦虑的，担心的
②ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的
③delicious 美味的
④envious 嫉妒的，羡慕的
⑤nervous 紧张不安的
⑥joyous 充满快乐的
⑦famous 著名的
⑧serious 认真的，严肃的
⑨humorous 滑稽的；幽默的
1．take_off 起飞
2．right_now 就在此刻，马上
3．break_down 损坏，不能运转
4．in_order_to_do_sth. 目的是，以便
5．turn_up 出现，到场
6．back_out 决定不履行(允诺的事)
7．get_across 使理解(某事)
8．go_through 经历；检查
9．in turn 轮流，相应地
10．break out (坏事)爆发，突然发生
11．put ... into prison 把……关进监狱
12．stand by 坚持(某种说法)，支持
13．on one's way 在途中
14．run out of 用完，耗尽
15．carry on 继续做某事
16．aim at 目的在于，旨在
[选词填空]
take off， can't stand， break down， turn up， get across， in turn， on one's way， run out of， carry on， stand by
1．My car ________ on my way to the town.
答案：broke down
2．As a parent, I ________ watching you having to grow up with one eye.
答案：can't stand
3．Thanks to the good policy, his company finally ________.
答案：took off
4．________ to school, I happened to meet several old friends of mine.
答案：On my way
5．I'm very sorry that what I said in class wasn't ________ to all my students.
答案：got across
6．Each of us ________ had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
答案：in turn
7．You can not just ________ and expect a meal.
答案：turn up
8．If we're not careful, we're going to ________ our valuable time.
答案：run out of
9．We must try to ________ our work in spite of difficulties.
答案：carry on
10．The decision has been made and I have got to ________ it.
答案：stand by
联想积累
1．动词＋on短语集锦
①carry on 执行
②call on 号召；拜访
③depend on 依靠
④feed on 靠吃……过活；以……为食
⑤fix on 注视
⑥get on 上车/船等
⑦go on 继续
⑧have ... on 穿戴
⑨hold on 坚持
⑩impress sth. on sb. 某物给某人留下深刻印象
⑪insist on 坚持
⑫live on 以……为食
⑬spy on 侦察，刺探
⑭turn on 打开开关
⑮look on 旁观
2．动词＋across的短语
①come across 遇到；偶然发现；碰到
②get across 使理解(某物)
③run across 偶遇，撞见
④cut across 走捷径，影响
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, ...
当我第一次蹦极的时候，我非常紧张以至
于我想退出，……(P25)
so ... that ...
太……以至于
so修饰形容词、副词作状语，so ... that引导结果状语从句
He was ________ nervous ________ he didn't know why he put the thermos on the floor.
他太紧张了以至于不知道为什么把暖瓶放在了地板上。
2.Marco Polo, who was an Italian, travelled all around China.
马可波罗，一个意大利人，游历了中国。(P27)
who was an Italian在本句中是一个非限制性定语从句。as, which, who等关系代词均可引导非限制性定语从句
The road condition there turned out to be very good, __________________________________________.
结果，那里的路况很好，这出乎我们的预料。
答案：1.so; that 2.which was more than we could expect
直击重点 突破考点
① differ vi. 不同于，有区别(P23)
(1)单句语法填空
①She ________ from her sister in the colour of her eyes.
②It won't make much ________ (differ) whether you go today or tomorrow.
答案：①differs ②difference
(2)单句改错
Modern bicycles differ with the early ones in many major ways.
______________________________________________________________
答案：with→from
(1)differ from 不同于
(2)different adj. 不同的，有区别的
be different from不同于
(3)difference n. 区别，不同
have a difference between 在……之间有区别
There are differences between ... 在……之间有些区别
tell the difference between ... 分辨……的区别/不同
make a difference 有作用，有影响
② anxious adj. 忧虑的，担忧的(P23)
(1)单句语法填空
①She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job.
②They are waiting ________ (anxious) to see who will succeed him.
答案：①to finish ②anxiously
(2)单句改错
He was a bit anxious for the safety of the machinery.
______________________________________________________________
答案：for→about
(1)be anxious about 对……感到担忧
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiously adv. 担忧地，担心地
be anxious for后通常接名词或代词，不接动名词。
③ risk vt. 冒……的危险/风险 n. 冒险(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①________ the risk of sounding stupid, may I ask a simple question?
②I don't want to run the risk of ________ (lose) their business.
答案：①At ②losing
(2)单句写作
The captain was not willing to ____________ his ship through the straits ________________.
船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。
答案：risk taking; in such bad weather
risk doing sth. 冒险做……
at your own risk 自担风险
at risk 有危险；冒险
at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着(做)某事的危险
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险做某事
risk用作及物动词，接名词、代词、动名词(不接动词不定式)作宾语。
④ various adj. 不同的，各种各样的(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①She took the job for ________ (vary) reasons.
②I was impressed by the ________ (vary) of dishes on offer.
答案：①various ②variety
(2)单句写作
______________ food is sold at the supermarket.
那家超级市场里各种各样的食物均有出售。
答案：A variety of
(1)vary vi.& vt. 相异；多变；改变，使多样化
vary from ... to 从……到……不等
(2)variety n. 种类，各种各样
a variety of 各种各样的……
⑤ equipment n. 配备，设备(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①They provide us with 2person tents and basic cooking and camping ________ (equip)．
②Our classroom has ________ (equip) with many modern electronic equipment.
答案：①equipment ②been equipped
(2)单句写作
These ____________________________________ will be exported to America.
这两套科研设备将出口到美国。
答案：two pieces of scientific equipment
(1)equip vi. 配备，装备
be equipped with 装备，配备
(2)equipment for 供……用的设备
equipment是不可数名词，若表示“两件设备”时，用two pieces of equipment表示。
⑥ amaze vt. 使惊愕，使惊奇(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I was banging so loudly and I'm ________ (amaze) that they didn't hear me.
②My mother was an ________ (amaze) woman. She raised four of us kids alone.
答案：①amazed ②amazing
(2)单句写作
We ________________ the change in his appearance.
他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶。
答案：were amazed by/at
(1)amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的
be amazed at/by 对……感到吃惊
(2)amazing adj. 令人惊诧的；惊人的
(3)amazement n. 惊奇，诧异
in amazement 吃惊地
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
⑦ confuse vt. 使困惑(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①All the roads looked the same and he felt thoroughly ________ (confuse)．
②Be careful not to confuse quantity ________ quality.
答案：①confused ②with
(2)单句写作
If you ______________________ anything, phone me.
如果你对什么事有疑问，给我打电话。
答案：are confused about
(1)confuse sb./sth. with sb./sth. 将某人/某物与某人/某物混淆
confuse the enemy 迷惑敌人
confuse right with wrong 混淆是非
be confused about 对……感到困惑
(2)confusion n. 困惑，混乱
in confusion 困窘地，大惑不解地
There is/was a confusion of ... ……乱成一片
⑧ quantity n. 量，数量(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①Large quantities of water ________ (pollute) every year in this area.
②Always a large quantity of rice ________ (waste) in developed countries.
答案：①are polluted ②is wasted
(2)单句写作
In hot summer, people always lose __________________ water in their bodies.
在炎热的夏天，人们身体中总会流失大量的水分。
答案：a large quantity of/quantities of
in quantity 大量，大批
a (large) quantity of 大量的，很多的
large quantities of 大量的，很多的
quantity and quality 数量与质量
a quantity of和large quantities of都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数有变化：a quantity of修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of不论修饰可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
⑨ ambition n. 志向，抱负(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①She never achieved her ________ (ambitious) of becoming a famous writer.
②He says it is time to set an even ________ (ambitious) target.
答案：①ambition ②more ambitious
(2)单句写作
He has the great __________________ a company on his own.
他怀有自己经营公司的雄心壮志。
答案：ambition of running
(1)achieve one's ambition 实现抱负
out of ambition 出于野心
without ambition 胸无大志，没有野心
ambition for 对……的野心
(2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的
be ambitious to do sth. 有志向做某事
⑩ observe vt. 观察，观测；遵守(P30)
(1)单句语法填空
①She observed a tall man ________ (walk) on the opposite side of the street.
②The thief was observed ________ (open) the window and run away.
答案：①walking ②to open
(2)单句写作
The police decided to put him ________________ because he looked dangerous.
因为他看起来很危险，警察决定监视他。
答案：under observation
(1)observe sb. do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe sth. done 看到某事被做
observe a rule 遵守规则
(2)observation n. 观察；观察力；观测
be under observation 在观察中，在监视中
(3)observer n. 观察者
observe sb. do sth.结构变为被动语态时，应将不定式符号to还原。
① take off 起飞；迅速流行；开始成功；脱下，取下(P21)
(1)单句语法填空
①He always dreams of his small company ________ (take) off.
②It's too hot inside the room, so you'd better take ________ your coat.
答案：①taking ②off
(2)单句写作
The plane ________ off at 8：15. So there are only 20 minutes to go.
飞机将在8：15起飞，因此还剩20分钟。
答案：takes
take away 拿走
take on 呈现
take in 吸收，吸纳；欺骗
take out 取出
take down 取下；写下；笔录
take up 从事，开始做；占据；拿起
② in order to 为了……(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①In order ________ (ensure) success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
②We should do our utmost in order ________ we can fulfill the task.
答案：①to ensure ②that
(2)单句写作
________________________ how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.
想了解人体是如何工作的，你需要掌握一些化学知识。
答案：In order to understand
in order that ... 为了……(跟从句)
so as to 为了……
in order to和so as to引导目的状语时，两个短语意思相同，但in order to可以提到句首，而so as to不能；so as to可以分开使用，即so ... as to，此时as to引导结果状语。
③ turn up出现，到场(P25)
(1)单句语法填空
①We were just talking about him when he turned ________.
②Can you turn the TV ________？ I'm trying to work.
答案：①up ②down
(2)单句写作
He said he would come, but ______________ yet.
他说他会来的，但是还没有到。
答案：hasn't turned up
turn to 向……求助
turn away 走开
turn back 往回走；扭转
turn down 拒绝；把……调低
turn into 变成
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 证明是，结果是
turn over 移交，(使)翻转
④ get across 使理解(P25)
(1)单句语法填空
①It took him ages to get his point ________.
②They seem to get ________ with each other.
答案：①across ②along
(2)单句改错
I was quite happy that what I said got across by all the students.
______________________________________________________________
答案：by→to
get across to sb. 被某人所理解
get ahead 取得成功，出人头地
get along 进展；相处融洽
get away 离开，走开
get back 找回
get through 做到底，通过；接通电话
get into one's head 充分理解；相信；固执地认为
get it 懂了
⑤ break out 爆发，发生(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①When the war ________ (break) out, he left England.
②The old printing machines are always breaking ________.
答案：①broke ②down
(2)单句改错
Does anyone know what to do if a fire breaks up?
______________________________________________________________
答案：up→out
break away from 突然离开，脱离
break down 发生故障；分解
break up 分裂，打碎，分解
break in 闯入
break into 破门而入，非法进入
break off 中断，断交
break one's heart 伤心
break one's word 失信，违背诺言
break the silence 打破沉默
break out常指偶发事件的爆发，或者重大事件的爆发与发生，不与时间段连用。
⑥ on one's way 在途中(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①________ my way to school, I always want to go through the big woods.
②This table is too close to the door; it gets ________ the way.
答案：①On ②in
(2)单句写作
I am now out of hospital and well __________________.
我现在已经出院，快康复了。
答案：on the way to recovery
in the way 阻挡，阻碍，挡道
all the way 一路上，一直；完全
by the way 顺便说说；顺便问一下
give way to 被……代替；让路给……
in a way 在某种程度上
make one's way 走，行走，艰难前进
feel one's way 摸索着前行
find one's way 找到出路
in no way 决不
way of life 生活方式
on the way to表示“在去……的路上”，在表示具体地点的名词前须加物主代词或定冠词the，如office, house等；在表示抽象意义的名词前则不加物主代词或定冠词，如work, school等；在副词前，省去介词to，例如there, here, home等。
⑦ break down 损坏，不能运转(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①My computer broke ________ this morning. I want to have it repaired.
②Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.
答案：①down ②down
(2)单句写作
The lift ____________， so we had to walk up the stairs.
电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
答案：broke down
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定
take down 记下；拆卸；取下；拿下
go down 下降；下沉；传下去
⑧ run out of 用完，耗尽(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①I'm about to run out ________ business cards. I need some new ones.
②I've got money you can borrow if your money run ________.
答案：①of ②out
(2)单句写作
They ______________ money and had to abandon the project.
他们的钱用完了，不得不放弃这个项目。
答案：ran out of
run out 用完，耗尽
run across 碰上，遇见
run into 撞上
run after 追赶，追随
run away 跑开；因害怕而逃跑
run over 撞倒，撞翻
run out of相当于及物动词，可用于被动结构中，而run out相当于不及物动词，没有被动形式。
① [教材原句]However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.
然而，马克很幸运地遇到了另一个喜欢听他讲关于中国的故事的囚犯。(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I was lucky enough ________ (catch) the last bus.
②He was not brave enough ________ (report) the missing of the documents.
答案：①to catch ②to report
(2)单句写作
If your timing is right, you may ________________ to stumble across a village festival.
如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地撞上某个乡村节日。
答案：be lucky enough
句型：Sb.＋be＋adj.＋enough＋to do sth. 某人足够……能够做某事
本句型中，enough是副词，作状语，放在所修饰的形容词之后，不定式(短语)是主语补足语。
② [教材原句]Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.
虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但他们中的许多人认为马克写的关于中国的故事太离奇了，不可能是真的。(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I am ________ eager to have a world travel.
②If the population continues to increase, the earth will become ________ small a planet to support so many people.
答案：①too ②too
(2)单句写作
It'll be __________________ preparing meals when the guests have arrived.
客人到了再开始做饭就来不及了。
答案：too late to start
句型：too ... to ... 太……而不能……
(1)该句中使用了too ... to ... 结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。
(2)在此句式中，若“too ... to ...”结构之前加了only, but, all等词，后接happy, pleased, glad, anxious, eager, willing, ready等表情绪、心情等的形容词，则too相当于very，表肯定意义。
(3)can't ... too ... 表示“无论怎样……也不为过”。
(4)too ... to ... 句式可以与not enough ... to ... 或so ... that ... (否定形式)句式相互转换。
③ [教材原句]The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他走路很困难。(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
His English is very bad and I have great difficulty ________ (understand) him.
答案：understanding
(2)单句改错
We had great difficulty breathed, for the air was thin.
______________________________________________________________
答案：breathed→breathing
句型：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
本短语中，in可以省略，本短语还可以用have trouble in doing sth.表示。
④ [教材原句]We are the only camp in the UK to offer survival skills training from real experts.
我们是英国唯一一个由真正的专家提供生存技能训练的营地。(P31)
(1)单句语法填空
①He is not the only one ________ (have) the idea in mind.
②He was the only one ________ (survive) the accident.
答案：①to have ②to survive
(2)单句写作
Everyone knows he's the only person ________________.
人人都知道他是唯一能做这项工作的人。
答案：to do the job
句型：be＋the only/the very/just the＋n.＋to do
先行词被the only/the very/just the修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
本句型中的不定式作定语，也可以改用定语从句的形式。
⑤ [教材原句]The Silk Road got its name in the 19th century when a German geographer identified it as the route through which the Romans got their silk from China.
丝绸之路得名于19世纪，那时一位德国地理学家把它确定为罗马人从中国获得丝绸的必经之路。(P32)
(1)单句语法填空
①Sunday is the only day ________ I can relax.
②A zoo is a park ________ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
答案：①when ②where
(2)单句写作
Next month, ____________________________________________ in your hometown, is approaching.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
答案：when you'll spend your summer holiday
when/where引导定语从句，修饰表时间/地点的名词(短语)
⑥ [教材原句]Goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.
在货物到达最终目的地之前，它们要经过多人之手，进行市场交易。(P32)
(1)单句语法填空
①It may be many years ________ the situation improves.
②________ was several minutes before we realised what was happening.
答案：①before ②It
(2)单句写作
It'll ______________________ we meet again.
不久后我们就会见面的。
答案：not be so long before
时间段＋before引导的从句意为“多久之后才……”
(1)before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“……(之后)才”以外，还可以表示“在……之前；不久就；不等……就；以免”。
(2)句型归纳：
①It won't be ... before ... “用不了多长时间就会……(before从句中谓语动词用一般现在时)”
②It will be ... before ... “得过多久才……(before从句中谓语动词用一般现在时)”
③It was ... before ... “过了多长时间才……(before从句中谓语动词用一般过去时)”
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Adventure 2000 is an organisation for adventures to the Himalayas. It can satisfy all the needs of hikes. All the guides, __1__ are very experienced in leading hiking trips in the Himalayas, know all the best routes and best places __2__ (camp). On a hiking trip their cooks can prepare foods __3__ (taste) delicious and porters can carry luggage for hikers, which means that you can simply enjoy the experience. In addition, at Adventure 2000, they can make a detailed __4__ (arrange) for travel, __5__ (include) flight, comfortable accommodation and so on. They also provide special offers __6__ those hikers who have different interests. For those who are interested in history, there is __7__ trip to Western China. For hikers preferring to play on the coast, they can provide relative service. Among the three classes, Class A is the most difficult, which needs __8__ (strong) as well as determination. Class B and C are much __9__ (easy). If you want to join in this adventure, you __10__ (pay) ￡ 2,500, which includes all flights and accommodation. Keep in mind that maximum group size is 15 people.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.who 2.to camp 3.tasting 4.arrangement 5.including 6.for 7.a 8.strength 9.easier 10.have to pay
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Do you know the girl who ________ (dance) on the stage now?
答案：is dancing 根据句子结构和句意可知，表示现在正在舞台上跳舞，应用现在进行时；定语从句中，who指代the girl，谓语动词应用单数，故填is dancing。
2．Have you read the note I ________ (write) to you just now?
答案：wrote 根据时间状语just now可知，本句定语从句应用一般过去时。
3．There is a big table in the hall, ________ surface is made of marble.
答案：whose 逗号后的部分为非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词table，关系词在从句中作定语，应该填whose引导非限制性定语从句。
4．Our guide, ________ was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
答案：who 根据句子结构可知，“________ was a French Canadian”是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明our guide，关系词在从句中作主语，填who。
5．Peter, ________ you met in London, is now flying to Beijing.
答案：whom 根据句意可知，表示“你在伦敦遇见的”用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作met的宾语。
6．Large quantities of information ________ (offer) since then as to how the programme works.
答案：have been offered 句意：自从那时起，就这一项目如何运作已提供了大量的信息。由since then可知，本句要用现在完成时，以“(large) quantities of＋不可数名词”形式作主语时，句子谓语动词要用复数形式；且offer和information之间存在被动关系。
7．With all ________ (confuse), nobody noticed Jack entering the classroom.
答案：confusion 句意：混乱中，没有人注意到杰克走进教室。作介词宾语，应该用名词。
8．We all know that he is ________ young to tell the right from the wrong.
答案：too 表示“我们都认为他太小，还不会分辨对与错”，故填too。
9．You cannot imagine what difficulty we had ________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
答案：walking have (great) difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难，费尽周折地、艰难地做某事”，故填walking。
10．Are there any reasons ________ which you should have a holiday?
答案：for 句意：你有什么理由去度假吗？即“为了什么”，故应该用介词for。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, __________________________________ (那时，他们从墨西哥向北迁徙).
答案：when they moved north/northward from Mexico
2．My house, __________________ (我去年买的), has got a lovely garden with many rare flowers and other tall plants.
答案：which I bought last year
3．He promised me he would attend my party, so I think he will ____________ at any time.
他答应了要参加我组织的聚会，所以我想他肯定会出现的。
答案：turn up
4．______________________________________________________________
尽管我刚来到这个城市不久，但是外出找到回家的路还是没有问题的。(have no difficulty in doing sth.)
答案：Although I have just arrived in the city recently, I have no difficulty in finding out the way back home.
5．______________________________________________________________
最多三年后我们还会再见面的。
答案：It'll be at most three years before we meet again.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.
However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a oneday poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to longstanding poverty, or the effects of war.
Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了另一种旅游形式——贫困之旅。人们在世界上最贫穷的地区进行旅游，这些旅行可能会使人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。
1．especially 考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰when引导的时间状语从句，故答案为especially。
2．travelling/traveling 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人冲出家门或公司去旅游景点。此处是动名词作定语，修饰spots，故答案为travelling/traveling。
3．and 考查连词。固定结构：and so on “等等”。故答案为and。
4．is 考查动词的时态和语态。此处是there be句型，句子主语是another way of travelling，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式，并且介绍的是一般情况，故用一般现在时，故答案为is。
5．the 考查定冠词。此处是形容词最高级，前面用定冠词the，故答案为the。
6．to experience 考查动词不定式。句意：有些人可能会参加为期一天的“最贫困之旅”，有些人甚至花钱住在非常贫困的社区，体验世界上最低的生活水平。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to experience。
7．countries 考查名词的复数。第三世界的国家不止一个，所以名词用复数形式，故答案为countries。
8．more 考查比较级。句意：这些旅行可能会唤醒人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。结合句意可知，句子用比较级，故答案为more。
9．be donated 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：旅游所得的钱可以捐赠给生活在那里的人们。此处money和donate之间是被动关系，can已经给出，故答案为be donated。
10．who/that 考查定语从句的引导词。此处people是先行词，指人，引导词在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
(2019·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch our attention. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.
答案：
The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention. There was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left.
难项分析：
第一处：where→which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the ‘Renmin Road’”，在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
第八处：Such后加a 考查固定用法。“such a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数”为固定用法。
第十处：after→when/before 考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：最后，当我们离开时/在我们离开前，我们禁不住收集起垃圾。根据句意并结合语境可知，此处应用when/before。
Unit 8 Adventure
1．The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully are kindness, beauty and truth.
有些理想曾为我照亮道路，并不断给我欣然面对人生的新的勇气，那些理想就是真、善、美。
2．A brave man risks his life, not his conscience.
勇敢的人可用生命冒险，但不以良心冒险。
3．He's going to walk down the front steps, wave his hand and start his great adventure that will probably include wars and tragedy and sorrow.
他要走下前面的台阶，挥挥手，然后开始他的伟大的历险征程，其间或许有争斗、不幸以及伤痛。
4．If you want to hit the mark, you must aim a little above it because of the gravity.
要想射中靶，必须瞄准比靶略为高些，因为存在地心引力的影响。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)adventure (n.) 奇遇，冒险的经历→adventurer (n.) 冒险者→adventurous (adj.) 爱冒险的，大胆的
(2)wild (adj.) 野生的；狂热的→wildly (adv.) 野生地；野蛮地→wildlife (n.) 野生动植物
(3)optional (adj.) 可选择的；非强制的→optionally (adv.) 随意地→option (n.) 选择；选项；选择权
(4)organization (n.) 组织，团体，机构→organizational (adj.) 组织的，编制的→organize (vt.) 组织→organized (adj.) 有组织的，系统的
(5)accommodation (n.) 住所，住处
(6)differ (vi.) 不同于，有区别→different (adj.) 不同的，有区别的→difference (n.) 区别，不同
(7)anxious (adj.) 忧虑的，担心的→anxiously (adv.) 忧虑地，担心地→anxiety (n.) 忧虑，担心
(8)similarity (n.) 相似性，类似性→similar (adj.) 相似的，相同的→similarly (adv.) 类似地
(9)exactly (adv.) 确切地，精确地→exact (adj.) 确切的，精确的
(10)risk (vt.) 冒……的危险→risky (adj.) 危险的，冒险的
(11)excitement (n.) 兴奋，激奋→excite (vt.) 使人振奋，使人兴奋→excited (adj.) 感到兴奋的→exciting (adj.) 令人兴奋的
(12)various (adj.) 不同的，各种各样的→vary (vt.& vi.) 改变，变化→variety (n.) 种类，变化，多样化
(13)equipment (n.) 设备，配备→equip (vt.) 装备，配备
(14)amaze (vt.) 使惊愕，使吃惊→amazed (adj.) 感到吃惊的→amazing (adj.) 令人吃惊的→amazement (n.) 惊愕，吃惊
(15)confuse (vt.) 使困惑→confused (adj.) 感到困惑的→confusing (adj.) 令人困惑的→confusion (n.) 困惑
(16)wealthy (adj.) 富有的，富裕的→wealth (n.) 富裕，财富
(17)quantity (n.) 数量
(18)preparation (n.) 准备，预备→prepare (vt.) 准备，筹备
(19)ambition (n.) 志向，抱负→ambitious (adj.) 有志向的，有抱负的，有野心的→ambitiously (adv.) 雄心勃勃地
(20)cheerful (adj.) 愉快的，高兴的→cheer (vt.) 使高兴，使愉快→cheerfully (adv.) 快乐地，高兴地
(21)distant (adj.) 远处的，久远的→distance (n.) 远处
(22)patience (n.) 耐心，忍耐力→patient (adj.) 耐心的 (n.) 病人
(23)aim (n.& vt.& vi.) 目标，目的；旨在，致力→aimless (adj.) 无目的的，没有目标的→goal (n.) 目标，目的
(24)observe (vt.) 观察，观测→observation (n.) 观察，观测
(25)survival (n.) 幸存，残存，生存→survive (vi.) 活下来，幸存
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)hike (v.& n．) 徒步旅行，远足
(2)major (adj.) 较重要的；较严重的→majority (n.) 多数，大多数
(3)tiring (adj.) 令人疲劳的→tire (vt.) 使人疲劳→tired (adj.) 感到疲劳的→tiredness (n.) 疲劳，疲倦→tireless (adj.) 不疲倦的→tirelessly (adv.) 不知疲倦地
(4)uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的，不自在的→comfort (vt.) 使舒服→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的
(5)luggage (n.) 〈英〉行李→baggage (n.) 〈美〉行李
(6)extreme (adj.) 极度的，极端的→extremely (adv.) 极度地，极端地→extremeness (n.) 极度，极端
(7)preference (n.) 偏爱，较喜欢的东西→prefer (vt.) 更喜欢
(8)goods (n.) 物品，商品
(9)fuel (n.) 燃料
(10)statement (n.) 陈述→state (vt.) 陈述
(11)shock (vt.) 使震惊，使惊骇→shocked (adj.) 感到震惊的→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的
(12)sadness (n.) 悲哀，忧伤→sad (adj.) 悲哀的，悲伤的→sadly (adv.) 悲痛地，悲伤地
(13)function (vi.) 运转，发挥作用 (n.) 功能，作用
(14)disadvantage (n.) 不利，不利条件→advantage (n.) 优势，有利条件
(15)limit (n.) 边界，限度→limited (adj.) 有限制的，有限的
[单句语法填空]
1.I'm going to take three ________ (option) courses this term.
答案：optional
2．There needs to be a change in the ________ (organize) of the health service.
答案：organization
3．The two doctors made ________ (differ) diagnosis of my disease.
答案：different
4．They are waiting ________ (anxious) for their teacher to announce their grades.
答案：anxiously
5．They know they are risking ________ (punish)．
答案：being punished
6．Children were filled with ________ (excite) at the thought of visiting Disneyland.
答案：excitement
7．Visitors are often ________ (amaze) to discover how little the town has changed.
答案：amazed
8．Large __________ (quantity) of students have participated in the school sports meeting today.
答案：quantities
9．Those who come from the remote village are __________ (ambition) although they are poor.
答案：ambitious
10．A lot of small companies are having to fight for ________ (survive)．
答案：survival
联想积累
1．以less结尾的合成词
①hopeless 没有希望的
②homeless 无家的，无家可归的
③restless 不平静的，不安宁的
④tireless 不知疲倦的，孜孜不倦的
⑤blameless 无可指责的；无过失的
⑥aimless 无目的的
⑦airless 无空气的；不通气的
⑧armless 无武器的
⑨authorless 作者不详的
⑩bloodless 无血色的；不流血的，和平的
⑪boneless 无骨的
⑫jobless 失业的
⑬kindless 无情的
⑭leafless 无叶的
⑮lifeless 无生命的；死气沉沉的
⑯limitless 无界限的
⑰wireless 不用电线的，用无线电波传递的
⑱fearless 大胆的，勇敢的
⑲loveless 无爱的
⑳endless 无尽的
2．以ous结尾的形容词家族
①anxious 焦虑的，担心的
②ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的
③delicious 美味的
④envious 嫉妒的，羡慕的
⑤nervous 紧张不安的
⑥joyous 充满快乐的
⑦famous 著名的
⑧serious 认真的，严肃的
⑨humorous 滑稽的；幽默的
1．take_off 起飞
2．right_now 就在此刻，马上
3．break_down 损坏，不能运转
4．in_order_to_do_sth. 目的是，以便
5．turn_up 出现，到场
6．back_out 决定不履行(允诺的事)
7．get_across 使理解(某事)
8．go_through 经历；检查
9．in turn 轮流，相应地
10．break out (坏事)爆发，突然发生
11．put ... into prison 把……关进监狱
12．stand by 坚持(某种说法)，支持
13．on one's way 在途中
14．run out of 用完，耗尽
15．carry on 继续做某事
16．aim at 目的在于，旨在
[选词填空]
take off， can't stand， break down， turn up， get across， in turn， on one's way， run out of， carry on， stand by
1．My car ________ on my way to the town.
答案：broke down
2．As a parent, I ________ watching you having to grow up with one eye.
答案：can't stand
3．Thanks to the good policy, his company finally ________.
答案：took off
4．________ to school, I happened to meet several old friends of mine.
答案：On my way
5．I'm very sorry that what I said in class wasn't ________ to all my students.
答案：got across
6．Each of us ________ had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.
答案：in turn
7．You can not just ________ and expect a meal.
答案：turn up
8．If we're not careful, we're going to ________ our valuable time.
答案：run out of
9．We must try to ________ our work in spite of difficulties.
答案：carry on
10．The decision has been made and I have got to ________ it.
答案：stand by
联想积累
1．动词＋on短语集锦
①carry on 执行
②call on 号召；拜访
③depend on 依靠
④feed on 靠吃……过活；以……为食
⑤fix on 注视
⑥get on 上车/船等
⑦go on 继续
⑧have ... on 穿戴
⑨hold on 坚持
⑩impress sth. on sb. 某物给某人留下深刻印象
⑪insist on 坚持
⑫live on 以……为食
⑬spy on 侦察，刺探
⑭turn on 打开开关
⑮look on 旁观
2．动词＋across的短语
①come across 遇到；偶然发现；碰到
②get across 使理解(某物)
③run across 偶遇，撞见
④cut across 走捷径，影响
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, ...
当我第一次蹦极的时候，我非常紧张以至
于我想退出，……(P25)
so ... that ...
太……以至于
so修饰形容词、副词作状语，so ... that引导结果状语从句
He was ________ nervous ________ he didn't know why he put the thermos on the floor.
他太紧张了以至于不知道为什么把暖瓶放在了地板上。
2.Marco Polo, who was an Italian, travelled all around China.
马可波罗，一个意大利人，游历了中国。(P27)
who was an Italian在本句中是一个非限制性定语从句。as, which, who等关系代词均可引导非限制性定语从句
The road condition there turned out to be very good, __________________________________________.
结果，那里的路况很好，这出乎我们的预料。
答案：1.so; that 2.which was more than we could expect
直击重点 突破考点
① differ vi. 不同于，有区别(P23)
(1)单句语法填空
①She ________ from her sister in the colour of her eyes.
②It won't make much ________ (differ) whether you go today or tomorrow.
答案：①differs ②difference
(2)单句改错
Modern bicycles differ with the early ones in many major ways.
______________________________________________________________
答案：with→from
(1)differ from 不同于
(2)different adj. 不同的，有区别的
be different from不同于
(3)difference n. 区别，不同
have a difference between 在……之间有区别
There are differences between ... 在……之间有些区别
tell the difference between ... 分辨……的区别/不同
make a difference 有作用，有影响
② anxious adj. 忧虑的，担忧的(P23)
(1)单句语法填空
①She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job.
②They are waiting ________ (anxious) to see who will succeed him.
答案：①to finish ②anxiously
(2)单句改错
He was a bit anxious for the safety of the machinery.
______________________________________________________________
答案：for→about
(1)be anxious about 对……感到担忧
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
(2)anxiously adv. 担忧地，担心地
be anxious for后通常接名词或代词，不接动名词。
③ risk vt. 冒……的危险/风险 n. 冒险(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①________ the risk of sounding stupid, may I ask a simple question?
②I don't want to run the risk of ________ (lose) their business.
答案：①At ②losing
(2)单句写作
The captain was not willing to ____________ his ship through the straits ________________.
船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。
答案：risk taking; in such bad weather
risk doing sth. 冒险做……
at your own risk 自担风险
at risk 有危险；冒险
at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着(做)某事的危险
take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险做某事
risk用作及物动词，接名词、代词、动名词(不接动词不定式)作宾语。
④ various adj. 不同的，各种各样的(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①She took the job for ________ (vary) reasons.
②I was impressed by the ________ (vary) of dishes on offer.
答案：①various ②variety
(2)单句写作
______________ food is sold at the supermarket.
那家超级市场里各种各样的食物均有出售。
答案：A variety of
(1)vary vi.& vt. 相异；多变；改变，使多样化
vary from ... to 从……到……不等
(2)variety n. 种类，各种各样
a variety of 各种各样的……
⑤ equipment n. 配备，设备(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①They provide us with 2person tents and basic cooking and camping ________ (equip)．
②Our classroom has ________ (equip) with many modern electronic equipment.
答案：①equipment ②been equipped
(2)单句写作
These ____________________________________ will be exported to America.
这两套科研设备将出口到美国。
答案：two pieces of scientific equipment
(1)equip vi. 配备，装备
be equipped with 装备，配备
(2)equipment for 供……用的设备
equipment是不可数名词，若表示“两件设备”时，用two pieces of equipment表示。
⑥ amaze vt. 使惊愕，使惊奇(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I was banging so loudly and I'm ________ (amaze) that they didn't hear me.
②My mother was an ________ (amaze) woman. She raised four of us kids alone.
答案：①amazed ②amazing
(2)单句写作
We ________________ the change in his appearance.
他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶。
答案：were amazed by/at
(1)amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的
be amazed at/by 对……感到吃惊
(2)amazing adj. 令人惊诧的；惊人的
(3)amazement n. 惊奇，诧异
in amazement 吃惊地
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
⑦ confuse vt. 使困惑(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①All the roads looked the same and he felt thoroughly ________ (confuse)．
②Be careful not to confuse quantity ________ quality.
答案：①confused ②with
(2)单句写作
If you ______________________ anything, phone me.
如果你对什么事有疑问，给我打电话。
答案：are confused about
(1)confuse sb./sth. with sb./sth. 将某人/某物与某人/某物混淆
confuse the enemy 迷惑敌人
confuse right with wrong 混淆是非
be confused about 对……感到困惑
(2)confusion n. 困惑，混乱
in confusion 困窘地，大惑不解地
There is/was a confusion of ... ……乱成一片
⑧ quantity n. 量，数量(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①Large quantities of water ________ (pollute) every year in this area.
②Always a large quantity of rice ________ (waste) in developed countries.
答案：①are polluted ②is wasted
(2)单句写作
In hot summer, people always lose __________________ water in their bodies.
在炎热的夏天，人们身体中总会流失大量的水分。
答案：a large quantity of/quantities of
in quantity 大量，大批
a (large) quantity of 大量的，很多的
large quantities of 大量的，很多的
quantity and quality 数量与质量
a quantity of和large quantities of都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数有变化：a quantity of修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数，修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of不论修饰可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
⑨ ambition n. 志向，抱负(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①She never achieved her ________ (ambitious) of becoming a famous writer.
②He says it is time to set an even ________ (ambitious) target.
答案：①ambition ②more ambitious
(2)单句写作
He has the great __________________ a company on his own.
他怀有自己经营公司的雄心壮志。
答案：ambition of running
(1)achieve one's ambition 实现抱负
out of ambition 出于野心
without ambition 胸无大志，没有野心
ambition for 对……的野心
(2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的
be ambitious to do sth. 有志向做某事
⑩ observe vt. 观察，观测；遵守(P30)
(1)单句语法填空
①She observed a tall man ________ (walk) on the opposite side of the street.
②The thief was observed ________ (open) the window and run away.
答案：①walking ②to open
(2)单句写作
The police decided to put him ________________ because he looked dangerous.
因为他看起来很危险，警察决定监视他。
答案：under observation
(1)observe sb. do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe sth. done 看到某事被做
observe a rule 遵守规则
(2)observation n. 观察；观察力；观测
be under observation 在观察中，在监视中
(3)observer n. 观察者
observe sb. do sth.结构变为被动语态时，应将不定式符号to还原。
① take off 起飞；迅速流行；开始成功；脱下，取下(P21)
(1)单句语法填空
①He always dreams of his small company ________ (take) off.
②It's too hot inside the room, so you'd better take ________ your coat.
答案：①taking ②off
(2)单句写作
The plane ________ off at 8：15. So there are only 20 minutes to go.
飞机将在8：15起飞，因此还剩20分钟。
答案：takes
take away 拿走
take on 呈现
take in 吸收，吸纳；欺骗
take out 取出
take down 取下；写下；笔录
take up 从事，开始做；占据；拿起
② in order to 为了……(P24)
(1)单句语法填空
①In order ________ (ensure) success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
②We should do our utmost in order ________ we can fulfill the task.
答案：①to ensure ②that
(2)单句写作
________________________ how the human body works, you need to have some knowledge of chemistry.
想了解人体是如何工作的，你需要掌握一些化学知识。
答案：In order to understand
in order that ... 为了……(跟从句)
so as to 为了……
in order to和so as to引导目的状语时，两个短语意思相同，但in order to可以提到句首，而so as to不能；so as to可以分开使用，即so ... as to，此时as to引导结果状语。
③ turn up出现，到场(P25)
(1)单句语法填空
①We were just talking about him when he turned ________.
②Can you turn the TV ________？ I'm trying to work.
答案：①up ②down
(2)单句写作
He said he would come, but ______________ yet.
他说他会来的，但是还没有到。
答案：hasn't turned up
turn to 向……求助
turn away 走开
turn back 往回走；扭转
turn down 拒绝；把……调低
turn into 变成
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 证明是，结果是
turn over 移交，(使)翻转
④ get across 使理解(P25)
(1)单句语法填空
①It took him ages to get his point ________.
②They seem to get ________ with each other.
答案：①across ②along
(2)单句改错
I was quite happy that what I said got across by all the students.
______________________________________________________________
答案：by→to
get across to sb. 被某人所理解
get ahead 取得成功，出人头地
get along 进展；相处融洽
get away 离开，走开
get back 找回
get through 做到底，通过；接通电话
get into one's head 充分理解；相信；固执地认为
get it 懂了
⑤ break out 爆发，发生(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①When the war ________ (break) out, he left England.
②The old printing machines are always breaking ________.
答案：①broke ②down
(2)单句改错
Does anyone know what to do if a fire breaks up?
______________________________________________________________
答案：up→out
break away from 突然离开，脱离
break down 发生故障；分解
break up 分裂，打碎，分解
break in 闯入
break into 破门而入，非法进入
break off 中断，断交
break one's heart 伤心
break one's word 失信，违背诺言
break the silence 打破沉默
break out常指偶发事件的爆发，或者重大事件的爆发与发生，不与时间段连用。
⑥ on one's way 在途中(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①________ my way to school, I always want to go through the big woods.
②This table is too close to the door; it gets ________ the way.
答案：①On ②in
(2)单句写作
I am now out of hospital and well __________________.
我现在已经出院，快康复了。
答案：on the way to recovery
in the way 阻挡，阻碍，挡道
all the way 一路上，一直；完全
by the way 顺便说说；顺便问一下
give way to 被……代替；让路给……
in a way 在某种程度上
make one's way 走，行走，艰难前进
feel one's way 摸索着前行
find one's way 找到出路
in no way 决不
way of life 生活方式
on the way to表示“在去……的路上”，在表示具体地点的名词前须加物主代词或定冠词the，如office, house等；在表示抽象意义的名词前则不加物主代词或定冠词，如work, school等；在副词前，省去介词to，例如there, here, home等。
⑦ break down 损坏，不能运转(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①My computer broke ________ this morning. I want to have it repaired.
②Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.
答案：①down ②down
(2)单句写作
The lift ____________， so we had to walk up the stairs.
电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
答案：broke down
put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定
take down 记下；拆卸；取下；拿下
go down 下降；下沉；传下去
⑧ run out of 用完，耗尽(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
①I'm about to run out ________ business cards. I need some new ones.
②I've got money you can borrow if your money run ________.
答案：①of ②out
(2)单句写作
They ______________ money and had to abandon the project.
他们的钱用完了，不得不放弃这个项目。
答案：ran out of
run out 用完，耗尽
run across 碰上，遇见
run into 撞上
run after 追赶，追随
run away 跑开；因害怕而逃跑
run over 撞倒，撞翻
run out of相当于及物动词，可用于被动结构中，而run out相当于不及物动词，没有被动形式。
① [教材原句]However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.
然而，马克很幸运地遇到了另一个喜欢听他讲关于中国的故事的囚犯。(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I was lucky enough ________ (catch) the last bus.
②He was not brave enough ________ (report) the missing of the documents.
答案：①to catch ②to report
(2)单句写作
If your timing is right, you may ________________ to stumble across a village festival.
如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地撞上某个乡村节日。
答案：be lucky enough
句型：Sb.＋be＋adj.＋enough＋to do sth. 某人足够……能够做某事
本句型中，enough是副词，作状语，放在所修饰的形容词之后，不定式(短语)是主语补足语。
② [教材原句]Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.
虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但他们中的许多人认为马克写的关于中国的故事太离奇了，不可能是真的。(P26)
(1)单句语法填空
①I am ________ eager to have a world travel.
②If the population continues to increase, the earth will become ________ small a planet to support so many people.
答案：①too ②too
(2)单句写作
It'll be __________________ preparing meals when the guests have arrived.
客人到了再开始做饭就来不及了。
答案：too late to start
句型：too ... to ... 太……而不能……
(1)该句中使用了too ... to ... 结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。
(2)在此句式中，若“too ... to ...”结构之前加了only, but, all等词，后接happy, pleased, glad, anxious, eager, willing, ready等表情绪、心情等的形容词，则too相当于very，表肯定意义。
(3)can't ... too ... 表示“无论怎样……也不为过”。
(4)too ... to ... 句式可以与not enough ... to ... 或so ... that ... (否定形式)句式相互转换。
③ [教材原句]The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他走路很困难。(P28)
(1)单句语法填空
His English is very bad and I have great difficulty ________ (understand) him.
答案：understanding
(2)单句改错
We had great difficulty breathed, for the air was thin.
______________________________________________________________
答案：breathed→breathing
句型：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
本短语中，in可以省略，本短语还可以用have trouble in doing sth.表示。
④ [教材原句]We are the only camp in the UK to offer survival skills training from real experts.
我们是英国唯一一个由真正的专家提供生存技能训练的营地。(P31)
(1)单句语法填空
①He is not the only one ________ (have) the idea in mind.
②He was the only one ________ (survive) the accident.
答案：①to have ②to survive
(2)单句写作
Everyone knows he's the only person ________________.
人人都知道他是唯一能做这项工作的人。
答案：to do the job
句型：be＋the only/the very/just the＋n.＋to do
先行词被the only/the very/just the修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。
本句型中的不定式作定语，也可以改用定语从句的形式。
⑤ [教材原句]The Silk Road got its name in the 19th century when a German geographer identified it as the route through which the Romans got their silk from China.
丝绸之路得名于19世纪，那时一位德国地理学家把它确定为罗马人从中国获得丝绸的必经之路。(P32)
(1)单句语法填空
①Sunday is the only day ________ I can relax.
②A zoo is a park ________ many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
答案：①when ②where
(2)单句写作
Next month, ____________________________________________ in your hometown, is approaching.
下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
答案：when you'll spend your summer holiday
when/where引导定语从句，修饰表时间/地点的名词(短语)
⑥ [教材原句]Goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.
在货物到达最终目的地之前，它们要经过多人之手，进行市场交易。(P32)
(1)单句语法填空
①It may be many years ________ the situation improves.
②________ was several minutes before we realised what was happening.
答案：①before ②It
(2)单句写作
It'll ______________________ we meet again.
不久后我们就会见面的。
答案：not be so long before
时间段＋before引导的从句意为“多久之后才……”
(1)before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“……(之后)才”以外，还可以表示“在……之前；不久就；不等……就；以免”。
(2)句型归纳：
①It won't be ... before ... “用不了多长时间就会……(before从句中谓语动词用一般现在时)”
②It will be ... before ... “得过多久才……(before从句中谓语动词用一般现在时)”
③It was ... before ... “过了多长时间才……(before从句中谓语动词用一般过去时)”
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Adventure 2000 is an organisation for adventures to the Himalayas. It can satisfy all the needs of hikes. All the guides, __1__ are very experienced in leading hiking trips in the Himalayas, know all the best routes and best places __2__ (camp). On a hiking trip their cooks can prepare foods __3__ (taste) delicious and porters can carry luggage for hikers, which means that you can simply enjoy the experience. In addition, at Adventure 2000, they can make a detailed __4__ (arrange) for travel, __5__ (include) flight, comfortable accommodation and so on. They also provide special offers __6__ those hikers who have different interests. For those who are interested in history, there is __7__ trip to Western China. For hikers preferring to play on the coast, they can provide relative service. Among the three classes, Class A is the most difficult, which needs __8__ (strong) as well as determination. Class B and C are much __9__ (easy). If you want to join in this adventure, you __10__ (pay) ￡ 2,500, which includes all flights and accommodation. Keep in mind that maximum group size is 15 people.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.who 2.to camp 3.tasting 4.arrangement 5.including 6.for 7.a 8.strength 9.easier 10.have to pay
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Do you know the girl who ________ (dance) on the stage now?
答案：is dancing 根据句子结构和句意可知，表示现在正在舞台上跳舞，应用现在进行时；定语从句中，who指代the girl，谓语动词应用单数，故填is dancing。
2．Have you read the note I ________ (write) to you just now?
答案：wrote 根据时间状语just now可知，本句定语从句应用一般过去时。
3．There is a big table in the hall, ________ surface is made of marble.
答案：whose 逗号后的部分为非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词table，关系词在从句中作定语，应该填whose引导非限制性定语从句。
4．Our guide, ________ was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
答案：who 根据句子结构可知，“________ was a French Canadian”是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明our guide，关系词在从句中作主语，填who。
5．Peter, ________ you met in London, is now flying to Beijing.
答案：whom 根据句意可知，表示“你在伦敦遇见的”用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作met的宾语。
6．Large quantities of information ________ (offer) since then as to how the programme works.
答案：have been offered 句意：自从那时起，就这一项目如何运作已提供了大量的信息。由since then可知，本句要用现在完成时，以“(large) quantities of＋不可数名词”形式作主语时，句子谓语动词要用复数形式；且offer和information之间存在被动关系。
7．With all ________ (confuse), nobody noticed Jack entering the classroom.
答案：confusion 句意：混乱中，没有人注意到杰克走进教室。作介词宾语，应该用名词。
8．We all know that he is ________ young to tell the right from the wrong.
答案：too 表示“我们都认为他太小，还不会分辨对与错”，故填too。
9．You cannot imagine what difficulty we had ________ (walk) home in the snowstorm.
答案：walking have (great) difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难，费尽周折地、艰难地做某事”，故填walking。
10．Are there any reasons ________ which you should have a holiday?
答案：for 句意：你有什么理由去度假吗？即“为了什么”，故应该用介词for。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, __________________________________ (那时，他们从墨西哥向北迁徙).
答案：when they moved north/northward from Mexico
2．My house, __________________ (我去年买的), has got a lovely garden with many rare flowers and other tall plants.
答案：which I bought last year
3．He promised me he would attend my party, so I think he will ____________ at any time.
他答应了要参加我组织的聚会，所以我想他肯定会出现的。
答案：turn up
4．______________________________________________________________
尽管我刚来到这个城市不久，但是外出找到回家的路还是没有问题的。(have no difficulty in doing sth.)
答案：Although I have just arrived in the city recently, I have no difficulty in finding out the way back home.
5．______________________________________________________________
最多三年后我们还会再见面的。
答案：It'll be at most three years before we meet again.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.
However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a oneday poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to longstanding poverty, or the effects of war.
Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了另一种旅游形式——贫困之旅。人们在世界上最贫穷的地区进行旅游，这些旅行可能会使人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。
1．especially 考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰when引导的时间状语从句，故答案为especially。
2．travelling/traveling 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人冲出家门或公司去旅游景点。此处是动名词作定语，修饰spots，故答案为travelling/traveling。
3．and 考查连词。固定结构：and so on “等等”。故答案为and。
4．is 考查动词的时态和语态。此处是there be句型，句子主语是another way of travelling，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式，并且介绍的是一般情况，故用一般现在时，故答案为is。
5．the 考查定冠词。此处是形容词最高级，前面用定冠词the，故答案为the。
6．to experience 考查动词不定式。句意：有些人可能会参加为期一天的“最贫困之旅”，有些人甚至花钱住在非常贫困的社区，体验世界上最低的生活水平。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to experience。
7．countries 考查名词的复数。第三世界的国家不止一个，所以名词用复数形式，故答案为countries。
8．more 考查比较级。句意：这些旅行可能会唤醒人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。结合句意可知，句子用比较级，故答案为more。
9．be donated 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：旅游所得的钱可以捐赠给生活在那里的人们。此处money和donate之间是被动关系，can已经给出，故答案为be donated。
10．who/that 考查定语从句的引导词。此处people是先行词，指人，引导词在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
(2019·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch our attention. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.
答案：
The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention. There was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left.
难项分析：
第一处：where→which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the ‘Renmin Road’”，在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
第八处：Such后加a 考查固定用法。“such a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数”为固定用法。
第十处：after→when/before 考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：最后，当我们离开时/在我们离开前，我们禁不住收集起垃圾。根据句意并结合语境可知，此处应用when/before。
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