2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book1Unit2Heroes


Unit 2　Heroes


1．Yang Liwei is a_superstar_in_my_heart because he is the first Chinese to fly in space in a manned spaceship.
杨利伟是我心中的一位超级英雄，因为他是搭乘载人宇宙飞船飞上太空的第一个中国人。
2．As a professional athlete, he is successful, winning several champions in international events.
作为一个专业的运动员，他是成功的，在国际赛事中赢得了多个冠军。
3．Sometimes you have to be your own hero.
有时候，你必须做自己的英雄。
4．Although the world is_full_of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it.
虽然世界多苦难，但战胜磨炼的例子也比比皆是。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)character (n.) 人物；性格→characteristic (adj.) 典型的 (n.) 特征，特性
(2)flight (n.) 飞行；航班
(3)explore (vt.) 探测；勘探→explorer (n.) 探险家；勘探者
(4)atmosphere (n.) 大气；气氛
(5)million (num.) 百万→millionaire (n.) 百万富翁→millionth (n.) 第一百万；百万分之一
(6)found (vt.) 建立，创立→foundation (n.) 建立；基础，根据地→founded (adj.) 有基础的→founder (n.) 奠基人，建立者
(7)opinion (n.) 意见，看法，主张→view (n.) (同义词)观点→thought (n.) (同义词)想法→idea (n.) (同义词)主意
(8)equal (adj.) 平等的→equally (adv.) 平等地→equality (n.) 平等→equalize (vt.) 使相等
(9)struggle (vi.) 挣扎；搏斗 (n.) 斗争，拼搏
(10)brilliant (adj.) 卓越的→brilliantly (adv.) 辉煌地；灿烂地
(11)awful (adj.) 〈口〉糟糕的；极度的→awfully (adv.) 极端地；可怕地→awfulness (n.) 庄严；威严；不高兴
(12)useless (adj.) 差劲的；无用的→uselessly (adv.) 无用地；无效地→uselessness (n.) 无用→use (vt.& n．) 使用；用处→useful (adj.) 有用的→usefully (adv.) 有用地；有效地
(13)violence (n.) 暴力，暴行→violent (adj.) 暴力的；残忍的→violently (adv.) 残忍地；残暴地；暴力地
(14)compete (vi.) 比赛，竞争→competition (n.) 竞争，比赛，竞赛→competitive (adj.) 竞争的→competitively (adv.)→有竞争力地；竞争地
(15)amazing (adj.) 令人惊异的；令人吃惊的→amazed (adj.) 惊异的，吃惊的→amazement (n.) 惊奇，吃惊→amaze (vt.) 使吃惊，使惊异
(16)fortunately (adv.) 幸运地→fortunate (adj.) 幸运的→fortune (n.) 运气，财富；幸运
(17)disaster (n.) 灾难
(18)promote (vt.) 促进，提升；推销→promotion (n.) 提升，晋级→promotional (adj.) 推销的
(19)relationship/relation (n.) 关系→relate (vt.) 与……有关系→related (adj.) 有关系的
(20)react (vi.) 反应→reaction (n.) 反应
(21)quality (n.) 质量；品质
(22)disabled (adj.) 残疾的→disable (vt.) 使失去能力；使无资格→disability (n.) 无能，残疾
(23)confident (adj.) 自信的→confidence (n.) 自信
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)calm (adj.) 镇静的，沉着的→calmly (adv.) 镇静地，沉着地→calmness (n.) 平静，冷静
(2)generous (adj.) 慷慨的，大方的→generously (adv.) 慷慨地→generosity (n.) 慷慨，大方
(3)violent (adj.) 暴力的→violence (n.) 暴力，暴行→violently (adv.) 猛烈地，激烈地
(4)gravity (n.) 地心引力
(5)wave (vi.) 挥手示意，致意→waveless (adj.) 无波浪的，平静的
(6)personally (adv.) 就个人而言→personal (adj.) 私人的，个人的→personality (n.) 个性；人格
(7)protest (n.& vt.) 抗议；反对→protestor (n.) 抗议者
(8)skillful (adj.) 灵巧的，熟练的→skill (n.) 技能；熟练；技巧→skilled (adj.) 熟练的；有技能的
(9)unusual (adj.) 不平常的→usual (adj.) 平常的，惯例的→usually (adv.) 通常
(10)event (n.) 比赛项目；事件→eventual (adj.) 最后的→eventually (adv.) 最后
(11)afterwards (adv.) 然后，后来
(12)injury (n.) 伤害，损坏→injure (vt.) 伤害；毁坏→injured (adj.) 受损害的；受伤的
(13)commit (vt.) 犯(错误)，干(坏事)
(14)divorce (vi.) 离婚
(15)dive (vi.& n．) 潜水；跳水
　[单句语法填空]
1.The twins have quite different ________ (character)．
答案：characters
2．A big program of oil ________ (explore) has begun offshore.
答案：exploration
3．It urged all sides to ________ (peace) resolve existing problems through dialogue.
答案：peacefully
4．The People's Republic of China ________ (found) on October 1st, 1949.
答案：was founded
5．People still have different ________ (opinion) on this question.
答案：opinions
6．In the latter stage, older people are upset by feelings of ________ (useless)．
答案：uselessness
7．I have been ________ (fortunately) enough to visit many parts of the world.
答案：fortunate
8．He was ________ (disable) in a car accident.
答案：disabled
9．We have complete ________ (confident) in these astronauts.
答案：confidence
10．The programme is not really suitable for ________ (absolutely) beginners.
答案：absolute

联想积累
n．＋­ship构成的合成词
①friend朋友→friendship n. 友谊
②scholar学者→scholarship n. 奖学金
③dictator独裁者→dictatorship n. 独裁，专政
④partner合伙人→partnership n. 合伙关系
⑤relation关系→relationship n. 关系
⑥citizen公民→citizenship n. 公民身份
⑦member成员→membership n. 成员资格
⑧space 太空→spaceship n. 太空船
⑨owner 物主→ownership n. 所有制
⑩champion 冠军→championship n. 冠军称号
⑪leader 领导者→leadership n. 领导能力
⑫workman 工匠→workmanship n. 手艺，工艺

1．come to (do sth.)　　　开始(认识、理解)
2．separate from 与……分开
3．millions of 数百万
4．in one's opinion 依某人来看
5．agree with 同意……
6．make progress 取得进步
7．be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
8．come_to_an_end 结束
9．pull_through 使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关
10．give_up 放弃
11．get_on_well_with 与……相处融洽
12．get_involved_with 参加，参与
13．far_too 太，极为
14．come_off_it 别胡扯
　[选词填空]
come to realize，separate from，millions of，in one's opinion，make progress，be strict with，come to an end，pull through，get involved with，come off it
1．________， it is reasonable for the teacher not to explain the problem to them.
答案：In my opinion
2．That country has ________ significant ________ in economy.
答案：made; progress
3．I ________ the importance of study with the help of my teacher.
答案：come to realize
4．The pain was terrible, but he ________ when most other men would have died.
答案：pulled through
5．________. Your team is unlikely to win this game.
答案：Come off it
6．________ people donated in response to the famine appeal.
答案：Millions of
7．That evening I ________ my friends for some reason.
答案：was separated from
8．We mustn't ________ too ________ our students, nor can we let them do whatever they like.
答案：be; strict with
9．I don't want to ________ some lengthy argument about who is to blame.
答案：get involved with
10．Because of her pride, her upward trend soon ________.
答案：came to an end
联想积累
动词＋through短语知多少
①break through 突围，突破
②come through 到达；穿过；(健康)恢复
③cut through 穿过
④get through 完成；渡过；接通电话
⑤go through 遭受，经历；检查，被通过
⑥live through 渡过；经受住
⑦look through 浏览；逐一查看
⑧see through 看穿，识破
⑨pass through 通过，经过，穿过


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.The spaceship, called Shenzhou Ⅴ， was carrying China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei.
这艘命名为“神舟5号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟。(P22)
过去分词(短语)作定语，和被修饰的词之间往往是被动关系，并且表示动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的词前面；过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词的后面
The man ________________________ is our chairman.
安保人员跟着的那个人是我们的主席。
2.Give me a challenge and I'll meet it with joy.
给我一个挑战我将高兴地面对它。(P32)
“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”中的祈使句相当于一个由if引导的条件状语从句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相当于主句
①Put a group of strangers in a room together, ________ they'll probably start a conversation.
把一群陌生人放在一个房间里，他们或许会交谈。
②Quit smoking, ________ you may ruin your health.
把烟戒掉，否则可能会毁了你的健康。

答案：1.followed by security guards　2.①and　②or/otherwise
直击重点 突破考点

①　character n. 人物；性格　[U]特色，特征　[C]人物，角色；文字，字母(P21)

(1)单句语法填空
①This book is full of believable and interesting __________ (character) such as Lin Daojing and Lu Jiachuan.
②Personal __________ (character), such as age and sex are taken into account.
答案：①characters　②characteristics
(2)单句改错
Ambition is a character of all successful businessmen.
______________________________________________________________
答案：character→characteristic

(1)a strong character坚强的个性
build and form one's character发展并形成个性
mend one's character弥补某人性格上的缺陷
determined character果断的性格
negative/positive character 反面/正面人物
Chinese character 汉字
(2)characteristic adj. 典型的；特有的　n. 特点；特性；特色
②　explore vt. 探测；勘探；探索(P23)

(1)单句语法填空
①Our school board are expected __________ (explore) ideas for building another one new teaching building beside the lab building.
②This is some information on the children education ____________ (explore) from the past, present, and future.
答案：①to explore　②exploration
(2)单句写作
The book ________ people's contrasting ________ of the poet's early works.
此书探讨了人们对这位诗人早期作品截然不同的观点。
答案：explores; views

(1)explore the market possibility考察市场前景
explore the universe探索宇宙
explore outer space 探索外太空
(2)exploration n. 探测；勘探
oil and gas exploration 石油和天然气勘探
site exploration现场勘探
underground exploration 地下勘探
③　struggle vi. 斗争；拼搏　n. 斗争；奋斗，拼搏(P24)

(1)单句语法填空
①We all struggled __________ (finish) that heavy task with great efforts in order to return home earlier.
②The workers have been struggling ________ bad conditions for too long.
答案：①to finish　②against
(2)单句改错
The animal trapped in the cave made struggle to get free.
______________________________________________________________
答案：struggle前加a

(1)struggle against 反对，同……作斗争
struggle with sb.与某人一起奋斗
struggle for 为争取……而斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎站起来
struggle along 在困难中坚持；挣扎着前进
(2)It's a struggle to do sth. 做某事并非易事
④　compete vi. 比赛，竞争(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①There is fierce __________ (compete) between the two motorcar firms.
②The two girls __________ (compete) with each other for the championship in the game.
答案：①competition　②competed
(2)单句写作
________________ encourage children to work together as a team.
竞争性的运动鼓励孩子们团结协作。
答案：Competitive sports

(1)compete in the marketplace 在市场中竞争
complete for sth. 为某事而竞争
compete against与……抗争
compete with sb./sth.与某人/某事竞争
compete to do sth. 竞相做某事
(2)competition n. 竞争，比赛
face the competition 面临竞争
unfair competition 不公正的竞争
(3)competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的

competition, contest和match均有“比赛，竞争”之意。
(1)competition多指体育运动中的各项比赛、角逐，也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛。
(2)contest多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争。其结果由评判委员会裁决。
(3)match通常指体育运动项目的比赛。
⑤　amazing adj. 令人惊异的(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①It's ________ (amaze) how quickly people adapt.
②She is ________ (amaze) that people still risk travelling without insurance.
答案：①amazing　②amazed
(2)单句写作
All those around him looked at him __________________.
周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
答案：in amazement

(1)amaze vt. 使吃惊；使惊愕
(2)amazed adj. 感到吃惊的
be amazed at/by 对……感到惊奇
(3)amazement n. 吃惊，惊愕
to one's amazement 使某人吃惊的是
in amazement 惊讶地，吃惊地
⑥　promote vt. 促进，提升；促销(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①People don't have to sacrifice environmental protection ________ (promote) economic growth.
②Her ________ (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
答案：①to promote　②promotion
(2)单句写作
He ______________________ for lack of resolution.
他因缺乏果断力而未能得到升迁。
答案：failed to get promoted

(1)promote health促进健康
promote the development of 促进……的发展
promote sb. to ... 提升某人为……
(2)promotion n. 促进；促销
promotion policy 促销政策
⑦　quality n. 质量；品质(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①We are pleased to report that the club membership is growing ________ quality, if not in quantity!
②He is the one who has all the ________ (quality) I am looking for in a partner.
答案：①in　②qualities
(2)单句写作
The steady rise ______________________ our products owes much to the improvement of the equipment.
我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上归功于设备的改进。
答案：in the quality of

in quality质量上
good/high quality 好/高质量
poor quality 质量差
remarkable quality卓越品质
test sb.'s qualities考验某人的品质
improve/increase quality提高质量
⑧　injury n. 伤害，损害(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①This rough life threatened ________ (injure) his health, but he didn't mind.
②The driver of the car received serious injuries ________ the legs and arms.
答案：①to injure　②to
(2)单句写作
Two players are out of the team __________________.
两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
答案：because of injury

(1)a severe/serious injury 严重的损害
do sb./oneself an injury使某人/自己受伤害
receive/suffer an injury 受伤害
protect ... from injury 防止……受伤
injury to ……(部位)的伤害
(2)injure vt. 伤害，损害
injure sb.'s reputation 伤害某人的声誉
⑨　confident adj. 自信的(P28)

单句语法填空
①Your encouragement made me ________ (confident) of my future than before.
②The worst barrier to your success is not lack of money, but lack of ________ (confident)．
③The team feels confident ________ winning.
答案：①more confident　②confidence　③of

(1)be/feel confident of sth./doing sth. 对某事/做某事有信心
make sb. more confident of sth. 使某人对某事更有信心
be confident that ... 确信……
(2)confidence n. 信心
self­confidence n. 自信
over­confidence n. 过于自信
have confidence in sb. 对某人信任
lack of confidence 缺乏信心
(3)confidently adv. 确信地；自信地
⑩　admire vt. 钦佩，羡慕(P30)

(1)单句语法填空
①We all ________ (admire) him for the way he saved the children from the fire.
②His whole family was full of ________ (admire) for the rescuers.
答案：①admired　②admiration
(2)单句写作
I don't agree with her, but I ________________________________________.
我不同意她的意见，但我赞赏她恪守原则。
答案：admire her for sticking to the principles

(1)admire sb./sth. 钦佩某人/某事
admire sb. for sth. 因……而钦佩某人
admire sb. for doing sth. 因做某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏
in admiration 赞赏地
have great admiration for 钦佩……

①　lift off 发射升空，起飞(P22)

(1)单句语法填空
①The plane ________ (lift) off and climbed steadily into the sky.
②I watched Discovery lift ________ from Kennedy Space Center successfully.
答案：①lifted　②off
(2)单句改错
They are watching the spaceship lift up quietly.
______________________________________________________________
答案：up→off

lift up 抬起，举起
lift­off n. 升空，发射，起飞
②　let out 释放，放出(P23)

(1)单句语法填空
①This plant lets sunlight in but doesn't let heat ________.
②Seeing a snake in front of her, the girl let ________ a scream of terror.
答案：①out　②out
(2)单句写作
It's time you ________ your true feelings ________.
现在是你释放自己真实感情的时候了。
答案：let; out

let sb. down使某人失望
let go of sth./sb. 放开某物/某人
let me see让我想想
let alone 更不用说

let alone常作插入语，不影响句子成分。
③　make progress 取得进步(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①Provided you are modest, surely you ________ (make) progress.
②The progress you ________ (make) is the result of your great efforts.
答案：①will make　②have made
(2)单句改错
After working hard for a year, she made a great progress in English.
______________________________________________________________
答案：去掉made后的a

in progress 在进行中
speed up progress 加速进步
amazing progress 惊人的进步
steady progress稳定的进步/进展
with the progress of 随着……的进步/发展

名词progress是不可数名词，不与不定冠词a(n)连用，也没有复数形式。
④　pull through使从(受伤)中活下来，渡过难关 (P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①His injuries are severe but he is expected ________ (pull) through.
②Without his selfless assistance, she wouldn't have pulled ________ this difficulty.
答案：①to pull　②through
(2)单句写作
With joint efforts they ________________________.
他们同心协力克服了这些困难。
答案：pulled through the difficulties

pull over 向路边停靠
pull down 拉下；拆毁；摧毁；推翻
pull out 拔掉；离开；(火车)离站
pull in (to) 到站；(火车)进站
pull up 停车；停止
⑤　give up 放弃(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①She gave up ________ (work) to join in her husband's campaign.
②They either try their best ________ (give) up smoking or advise others not to smoke any longer.
答案：①working　②to give
(2)单句写作
Once they get an idea into their heads, ____________________________.
一旦接受了一个想法，他们就永远不会放弃。
答案：they will never give up

give away 泄露；分发
give in上交；投降
give out 分发；用完，耗尽；放出
give off 放出，发出
give over交付

动词短语give up后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不跟不定式。
⑥　get on well with与……相处融洽(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①Though he is a newcomer, he ________ (get) on well with his classmates already.
②My college roommate and I lived together for one year, but we never got ________ very well.
答案：①has got　②on
(2)单句改错
—How are you getting on/along for your task?
—Just so­so.
______________________________________________________________
答案：for→with

get along with 进展；与……和睦相处
get across 被理解
get around/round 各处走动；传播；绕开
get away from远离，脱离
get down to sth./doing sth.开始某事/开始做某事
get on 上车
⑦　get involved with参与，参加(P28)

(1)单句语法填空
①He said he did not get involved ________ the matter.
②________ (get) involved with that activity, I realised how important the practical skill was.
答案：①with　②Getting
(2)单句写作
Landells ______________________ the project for years.
兰德尔斯参加那个计划已有好几年了。
答案：has been involved with

involve sb. in/into ... 将某人卷入……中
involve doing sth. 包括做某事

①　[教材原句] ..., Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.
……，杨利伟展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，以表达中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的愿望。(P23)

(1)单句语法填空
①Four people entered the room, ________ (look) around curiously.
②All night long he lay awake, ________ (think) of the problem.
答案：①looking　②thinking
(2)单句改错
They stood there for half an hour, watched the stars in the sky.
______________________________________________________________
答案：watched→watching

现在分词短语可在句中作伴随状语
②　[教材原句] ... and since then they have never looked back.
……从那时起，他们就再也没有回去过。(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①She had a sort of breakdown some years ago, and since then she __________ (be) very shy.
②Since then I __________ (live) alone and devoted myself to my career.
答案：①has been　②have lived
(2)单句改错
Great changes took place in China since 1980.
______________________________________________________________
答案：took→have taken


③　[教材原句]Among them was Sharon MacAuliffe, a high school teacher, who was to be the first teacher in space.
其中之一是莎伦·麦考利夫，一位高中教师，她将成为第一位太空老师。(P32)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ the three astronauts is Zhai Zhigang, who is the commander.
②________ comes a bus, and you can prepare to board it.
答案：①Among　②Here
(2)单句写作
____________________________ a great and beautiful man­made lake.
在我们的城市南部，有一座美丽的人造湖。
答案：South of our city lies

(1)表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首时，用全部倒装。
(2)up, down, out, in, away, off等表示地点方位的副词或there, here, now, then等置于句首时，若主语是名词用全部倒装，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
National Hero
China's first manned spaceship lifted off in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The spaceship, 　1　 (call) Shenzhou V, carried China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei, 　2　 was a pilot in the army and started training for his space flight in 1998.
Yang said when the spaceship separated 　3　 the rocket, he got a feeling of soaring into 　4　 sky because of the zero gravity. When the spaceship was doing its 　5　 (seven) circle, Yang Liwei expressed the wishes of the Chinese people 　6　 (explore) and use space 　7　 (peace)．
At 6：23 am on October 16th, Yang landed in Inner Mongolia safely, when 　8　 (million) of people all over China were watching TV. When Yang climbed out of the spaceship，he smiled and 　9　 (wave) to the crowds waiting for him. After the 21­hour space 　10　 (fly), Yang was happy to be home and he was regarded as a modern hero.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.called　2.who　3.from　4.the　5.seventh
6．to explore　7.peacefully　8.millions　9.waved
10．flight
基础达标 自主训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Several advertising agencies are competing ________ (get) the contract.
答案：to get　compete to do sth. “竞相做某事”。
2．In that accident I fell off the truck and ________ (injure) my left leg.
答案：injured　根据语境可知，在那次事故中，表示已发生过的事情，故应该用一般过去时。
3．I think I can ________ (confident) say that the staff are happy.
答案：confidently　根据句意可知，副词作状语，修饰say。
4．This is the best film that I ________ ever ________ (see)．
答案：have; seen　在“This/That/It is the best/most interesting ... ＋that从句”中，从句谓语动词应用现在完成时。
5．________ (disable) does not have much mental burden on the child.
答案：Disability　根据句子结构可知，在句中作主语，应该用名词。
6．The doctor said I was about to pull ________ soon.
答案：through　根据句意可知，表示“康复”应该用pull through。
7．The wind grew more and more furious, ________ it began to rain.
答案：while　根据句意可知，表示对比和同时发生，此处应该用连词while引导并列的句子。
8．He described sport as a symbol of peace and a means of ________ (promote) friendship between nations.
答案：promoting　作介词的宾语，应该用动名词。
9．I asked him whether he had gotten involved ________ that action.
答案：with　get involved with ... “参加，参与”。
10．By now we ________ (learn) about 1,500 English words.
答案：have learnt　by now一般和现在完成时连用。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．______________________________ (当飞船起飞时), the weather was very clear.
答案：When the spaceship lifted off
2．Hearing the news, he ____________________________ (满意地松了一口气)．
答案：let out a gasp of delight
3．Word came that the old buildings in this area ______________ to build up an amusement park.
消息传来，这一地区的旧建筑物将被拆除以建一个游乐场。
答案：would be pulled down
4．______________________________________________________________
一星期前我确实想出国度假，但现在已放弃了这个想法。(give up)
答案：I did want a holiday abroad a week ago, but now I've given up the idea.
5．______________________________________________________________
我们正在制作飞机模型，突然我弟弟跑进房间。
答案：We were making model planes when my little brother ran into our room.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __1__ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is __3__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __4__ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water __5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased __6__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __7__ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government __8__ (start) a soil­testing program__9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while __10__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文讲述了中国为保护环境对农作物的种植结构做了一些调整。
1．has grown　考查动词的时态。since后接时间点，句子要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
2．the　考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
3．actually　考查词性转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是这种变化背后的原因。此处用副词修饰be动词is。故填actually。
4．to improve　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米，而不是水稻。此处用不定式表示目的。故填to improve。
5．than　考查连词。句意：玉米比水稻使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，应填用于两个事物进行比较的连词。故填than。
6．pollution　考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国主要的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
7．global　考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
8．started　考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。此处描述的是过去的行为，故用一般过去时。
9．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词program，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that或者which。
10．feeding　考查状语从句的省略。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略了China is，在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略主语和be动词。故填feeding。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)It was my birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends. We were meeting at my favorite Italian restaurant. I was exciting and got to a restaurant at exactly 7 o'clock. I looked around for a familiar face but failed. I decided not to wait for him patiently. The restaurant quickly filled up with customer, but none of them were my friends. I called Lily, but she didn't answer. I felt lonely and sadly. My friends had forgotten my birthday. I went home, opened the door and walk into the dark house. Suddenly the lights went off and my friends jumped up and shouted “Surprise！” They hadn't forgotten, it was the best birthday ever.
答案：
It was my birthday and I was looking forward to my friends. We were meeting at my favorite Italian restaurant. I was and got to restaurant at exactly 7 o'clock. I looked around for a familiar face but failed. I decided to wait for patiently. The restaurant quickly filled up with ， but none of them were my friends. I called Lily, but she didn't answer. I felt lonely and . My friends had forgotten my birthday. I went home, opened the door and into the dark house. Suddenly the lights went and my friends jumped up and shouted “Surprise！” They hadn't forgotten, it was the best birthday ever.
难项分析：
第二处：exciting→excited　考查形容词。excited和exciting都是形容词，前者修饰人，表示“兴奋的”；后者修饰事物，表示“令人兴奋的”；该句主语为I，故用excited。
第八处：walk→walked　考查动词的时态。根据全文内容可知，本文陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：我回到家，打开门，走进漆黑的房间。
第九处：off→on　考查固定搭配。根据上文中的“the dark house”以及本句中的“my friends jumped up and shouted”可知，go on为固定搭配，意为“(灯)亮；通(电)”。