2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book4Unit10Money


Book 4

Unit 10　Money


1．It is easier to get money than to keep it.
挣钱容易攒钱难。
2．Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
今日事，今日毕。
3．Advertising may be described as the science of arresting human intelligence long enough to get money from it.
广告可被视为一种长久蒙蔽人类智慧以期从中赚钱的技巧。
4．In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals had.
在人类发展的早期阶段，他并不比动物更需要金钱。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)motivate (vt.) 使有动机；促使；激发→motivated (adj.) 积极的，主动的→motivation (n.) 动机，积极性→motivational (adj.) 激发动机的，动机的
(2)technique (n.) 技术，技巧→technology (n.) 技术，科学技术→technological (adj.) 技术的→technologically (adv.) 技术上
(3)achievement (n.) 成就，完成→achieve (vt.) 实现，完成→achievable (adj.) 可完成的，可达到的
(4)exist (vi.) 存在，生存→existence (n.) 存在
(5)variety (n.) 多样化，多样性→vary (vt.) 变化→various (adj.) 各种各样的，多样的→variously (adv.) 以各种方式；不同地
(6)defeat (vt.) 战胜，击败
(7)determine (vt.) 决定，确定→determined (adj.) 坚决的；决定了的→determination (n.) 决定
(8)concern (vt.) 使忧虑；与……相关→concerned (adj.) 关心的→concerning (prep.) 关于
(9)aware (adj.) 知道的，意识到的→awareness (n.) 知道；认识；意识；兴趣
(10)rude (adj.) 粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely (adv.) 粗鲁地，无礼地→rudeness (n.) 无礼，粗鲁
(11)bargain (n.& vi.) 便宜货；讨价还价
(12)product (n.) 产品，出品→produce (vt.) 生产，制造 (n.) 农产品→production (n.) (文化)产品　[U] 产量
(13)enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的；很感兴趣的→enthusiasm (n.) 热情
(14)clothing (n.) (总称)衣服→cloth (n.) 布，布料→clothes (n.) 衣服
(15)comment (vt.& vi.) 评论
(16)amusement (n.) 乐趣，娱乐活动→amuse (vt.) 使快乐→amused (adj.) 感到快乐的→amusing (adj.) 令人快乐的
(17)appeal (vi.) 吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁；恳求→appealing (adj.) 吸引人
(18)contain (vt.) 包含，含有→container (n.) 容器
(19)remove (vt.) 移开，挪走→removal (n.) 移动，搬迁；除去→remover (n.) 搬运工，去除剂
(20)importance (n.) 重要(性)→important (adj.) 重要的
(21)puzzle (vt.) 使困惑→puzzled (adj.) 困惑的，感到困惑的→puzzlement (n.) 疑惑，困惑
(22)advance (vi.) 前进，取得进展→advanced (adj.) 先进的，高级的→advancement (n.) 促进，进展
(23)freedom (n.) 自由→free (adj.) 自由的，空闲的，免费的→freely (adv.) 自由地
(24)replace (vt.) 代替，取代→replaceable (adj.) 可替代的，可置换的
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)native (adj.) 出生地的，本土的 (n.) 当地人，土著人
(2)fluently (adv.) 流利地，流畅地→fluent (adj.) 流利的，熟练的→fluency (n.) 流利，流畅
(3)wallet (n.) 钱包，皮夹子→purse (n.) (同义词)钱包
(4)second－hand (adj.) 旧的，用过的，二手的
(5)hardworking (adj.) 勤奋的，努力工作的
(6)pleased (adj.) 满意的，高兴的
(7)drunk (adj.) (酒)醉的→drink (vi.& vt.) 喝酒，喝
(8)greedy (adj.) 贪婪的，贪心的→greed (n.) 贪婪，贪欲→greedily (adv.) 贪婪地，贪心地
(9)cigarette (n.) 香烟→cigar (n.) 雪茄
(10)necklace (n.) 项链
(11)ashamed (adj.) 惭愧的，羞愧的
(12)firm (adj.) 稳固的，牢固的→firmly (adv.) 稳固地，坚固地
(13)annoy (vt.) 使烦恼，打搅→annoyance (n.) 烦恼，讨厌的事→annoyed (adj.) 烦恼的，气恼的→annoying (adj.) 令人厌烦的，讨厌的
(14)balance (n.) 平衡→balanced (adj.) 平衡的
(15)behave (vi.) 举止，表现→behavior (n.) 行为，举止
　[单句语法填空]
1.These youngsters ________ (motivate) not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.
答案：are motivated
2．This country came into ________ (exist) as an independent country after the war.
答案：existence
3．The school has received ________ (variety) grants from the education department.
答案：various
4．Her humour and ________ (determine) were a source of inspiration to others.
答案：determination
5．He is ________ (concern) about how little food I eat.
答案：concerned
6．Hearing the news, she has a ________ (puzzle) look on her face.
答案：puzzled
7．How to improve the quality of ________ (produce) was a difficult problem to him.
答案：products
8．She could not hide her ________ (amuse) at the way he was dancing.
答案：amusement
9．It's a matter of great ________ (important). I would advise you to think carefully.
答案：importance
10．This research has done much ________ (advance) our understanding of language learning.
答案：to advance

联想积累
1．n.＋－y构成的合成词
①noise→noisy 喧闹的，嘈杂的
②cloud→cloudy阴天的
③wind→windy多风的
④rain→rainy多雨的
⑤sun→sunny阳光充足的
⑥snow→snowy多雪的
⑦luck→lucky 幸运的
⑧health→healthy健康的
⑨friend→friendly友好的
⑩love→lovely可爱的
⑪day→daily每日的
⑫fun→funny 滑稽的，有趣的
2．以－tic结尾的形容词
①enthusiastic 热情的，热心的
②realistic 现实的，逼真的
③idealistic 理想的，唯心的
④atheistic 无神论的，无神论者
⑤dramatic 急剧的，戏剧的

1．put_off　　推迟
2．at_present 目前；现在
3．be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事
4．be_concerned_about 关心……
5．be_pleased_with 对……感到满意
6．give_away 赠送；泄露
7．drop_out 退出，退学
8．appeal to 吸引
9．make a living 谋生
10．what's more 此外，更重要的是
11．go through 穿过，通过
12．be associated with 与……有联系
13．out of work 失业
14．in advance 提前
　[选词填空]
put off， at present， be determined to， be concerned about， what's more， be pleased with， give away， appeal to， go through， be associated with
1．If anything, swimming will ________ her most strongly.
答案：appeal to
2．They ________ move to Liaocheng this summer.
答案：were determined to
3．________， money is a sign of power and status.
答案：What's more
4．I ________ my collection of stamps to the little boy.
答案：gave away
5．When you ________ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.
答案：are going through
6．The committee ________ players' behaviour, especially arguing with referees.
答案：is concerned about
7．The item you want is not available ________.
答案：at present
8．He ________ himself for having remembered my name.
答案：was pleased with
9．Please remind everybody that tomorrow's volleyball match ________ because of the heavy rain.
答案：has been put off
10．In the children's minds summer ________ beautiful scenery and picnics.
答案：is associated with
联想积累
“be＋adj.＋with”组成的短语
①be pleased with对……感到满意
②be happy with 对……感到满意
③be familiar with 熟悉……
④be satisfied with 对……感到满意
⑤be mad with 对……生气
⑥be angry with 生某人的气
⑦be busy with忙于……
⑧be popular with受……的欢迎
⑨be strict with对……严格要求
⑩be bored with 对……感到厌烦
⑪be good with擅长；与……相处很好
⑫be friendly with 与……很友好
⑬be associated with 与……有联系



课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries.
查尔斯认为，很多人想赚很多钱，这样他们就不会有任何烦恼。(P8)
主句＋so that＋含有情态动词的目的状语从句
I set up the computer ________________ I could work at home.
我把电脑设置好，这样我就可以在家办公了。
2.Well, if buying a bag of candies or cookies doesn't appeal to you, how about buying a tree instead?
嗯，如果买一包糖果或饼干对你没有吸引力，那买一棵树怎么样？(P12)
本句主句how about相当于what about ... ？是征求对方意见或想法的常用句型
If she doesn't come today, ________________________________？
如果她今天不来的话，那我们把讨论推迟到明天，怎么样？

答案：1.so that　2.how about putting off the discussion till tomorrow

直击重点 突破考点

①　motivate vt. 使有动机，促使，激发(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①The plan is designed ________ (motivate) employees to work more efficiently.
②He admits that he lacks ________ (motivate) and is always unwilling to learn voluntarily.
答案：①to motivate　②motivation
(2)单句写作
The profit­sharing plan is designed _______________________________.
利润分红计划旨在促使员工努力工作。
答案：to motivate the staff to work hard

(1)be motivated by受……的驱使
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)motivation n. 动力，积极性；动机
②　defeat vt. 战胜，击败(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①The enemy ________ (defeat) by us at sea.
②The game was over, and our team won the victory, ______ (defeat) the team from another city.
答案：①was defeated　②defeating
(2)单句写作
To be honest, we ____________________ in any English exams.
说实在的，我们在各种英语考试中从来都没有击败过他们。
答案：have never defeated them

defeat sb. 击败某人
defeat these arguments 驳倒这些论据

在英语中win所带的宾语常为game, match, battle之类的词；而defeat后接的宾语则为sb. 或像team, school之类的参赛者或单位，表示“击败某人”“打败了某个参赛单位”。
③　determine vt. 决定，确定(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①The amount of available water ________ (determine) the number of houses that can be built.
②Everyone concerned acted with great courage and ________ (determine) in that accident.
答案：①determines　②determination
(2)单句改错
Determining to be an astronaut, he has been studying science very hard.
______________________________________________________________
答案：Determining→Determined

(1)determine on/upon决定，决心
determine to do sth.决定做某事(动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚定的，坚决的
be determined to do sth.决定做某事(状态)
(3)determination n. 决定，决心
④　concern vt. 使忧虑，与……相关(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①This is a great event that ________ (concern) the future of our company.
②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information ________ (concern) the interview.
答案：①concerns　②concerning
(2)单句写作
____________________， I believe that it is a wise choice.
就我而言，我坚信那是一个明智的选择。
答案：As far as I am concerned

(1)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心
(2)be concerned about/for 关心；挂念……
be concerned with/in 与……有关/参与……
as far as ... be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于；有关
⑤　aware adj. 知道的，意识到的(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①Most smokers are perfectly aware ________ the dangers of smoking.
②Were you aware ________ something was wrong?
答案：①of　②that
(2)单句写作
The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise __________________ the risks of smoking.
仍然有很多人在公共场所吸烟，这样的事实表明我们或许需要一场全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识。
答案：the awareness of

知道/明白/意识到……
make sb. aware of sth. 让某人明白某事
(2)awareness n. 意识，觉悟
⑥　contain vt. 包含，含有(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①Whisky ________ (contain) a large percentage of alcohol.
②The proposed changes ________ (contain) in a policy statement.
答案：①contains　②are contained
(2)单句改错
I was so furious that I just couldn't contain me.
______________________________________________________________
答案：me→myself

be contained in/within 包含，含有
contain one's anger 克制愤怒
contain oneself 克制自己
⑦　remove vt. 移开，挪走(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①Three children ________ (remove) from school for some reasons.
②The ________ (remove) of these rubbish took me nearly all the afternoon.
答案：①were removed　②removal
(2)单句写作
Illegally parked vehicles, I think, __________________.
我认为非法停放的车辆应被拖走。
答案：should be removed

remove from从某地迁离
remove sth. from ... 将某物从……移走
remove sb. from sth.撤销某人的职务
⑧　replace vt. 代替，取代(P17)

(1)单句语法填空
①The new design ________ (replace) all existing models eventually.
②I'm going to replace my old mobile phone ________ a new Huawei P10.
答案：①will replace　②with
(2)单句写作
Store shopping will never ________________ online shopping, but they can exist together.
商店购物永远不会被网络购物取代，但是二者可以并存。
答案：be replaced by

(1)replace sth. with/by sth. 用某物替换某物
代替某人

①　put off 推迟(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①If it rains hard we will put ________ the school sports meeting to next week.
②We're putting some money ________ for future expenses.
答案：①off　②away
(2)单句写作
Because the preparatory work was not well done, the competition ___________.
由于前期准备工作做得不好，比赛不得不延期。
答案：had to be put off

put aside 将……放在一边
put away收起；存钱
put forward提出
put on上演，穿上
put up建造，提供住宿
put up with忍受，容忍
②　out of work 失业(P7)

(1)单句语法填空
Information about the job market can be a lifeline for those who are ________ of work.
答案：out
(2)单句改错
①He has recently been out of a work, so he wants to find something to do.
______________________________________________________________
②I can't go on with my study here, because my father out of work now.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①去掉a　②father后加is

out of 出于……
out of a job失业
out of breath喘不过气来
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
out of danger 脱险
out of date 过时的
out of place 不恰当
③　drop out退出，退学(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①A few had even ________ (drop) out, but nearly half of these had returned to school.
②The Smiths dropped in ________ some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.
答案：①dropped　②on
(2)单句写作
Since his last defeat, he ________________ politics.
自从他上次失败了，他就退出了政治。
答案：has dropped out of

drop out of ... 从……中退出
drop in on sb./at some place 顺便拜访某人/某地
drop off下降；让……下车
drop sb. a line给某人写短信
④　be pleased with对……感到满意(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①We are ________ (please) with our purchases in advance.
②I am very pleased ________ receive your letter of March 10th.
答案：①pleased　②to
(2)单句写作
I ________ by no means ________________ this behaviour.
我对这种行为一点也不满意。
答案：am; pleased with

(1)be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事
(2)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be content with 对……感到满意
⑤　appeal to 吸引(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①The police appealed ________ the crowd not to panic.
②We made ________ appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
答案：①to　②an
(2)单句写作
The government is appealing ________ more money ________ people suffering from the flood in the southeast.
政府呼吁人们捐赠更多的钱以帮助东南部地区遭受洪灾的人们。
答案：for; to help

(1)appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁/恳求某人某事
appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
⑥　what's more 此外，更重要的是(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①He is friendly to us. And ________ is more, he studies very well.
②Worse ________， the rainy weather continued.
答案：①what　②still
(2)单句写作
And ________________， there is the question of cultural advancement of a nation as a whole.
而且，还有整个民族的文化水平提高的问题。
答案：what's more

what's worse 更糟的是
worse still 更糟的是
in addition另外，还有
⑦　go through 经历；穿过，通过；查看(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①He went ________ all kinds of hardships in the old society.
②I tried calling you several times but I couldn't get ________.
答案：①through　②through
(2)单句写作
I always start the day by ________________ my e­mail.
我每天第一件事就是查看电子邮件。
答案：going through

look through 浏览
pass through 通过，穿过
get through 接通(电话)，进行到底
push through 挤过
see through 看穿，看透
⑧　be associated with与……有联系(P18)

(1)单句语法填空
①These symptoms are particularly associated ________ migraine headaches.
②He no longer wished to ________ (associate) with the party's policy on education.
答案：①with　②be associated
(2)单句写作
I always associate the smell of those flowers ______________________.
我一闻到那些花的香味，就想起我的童年。
答案：with my childhood

与……相联系/相关

①　[教材原句]The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it.
你英语使用得越多，就想更多地学习英语。(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①The more learned a man is, the ________ modest he usually is.
②The old man told us that ________ busier he was, the happier he felt.
答案：①more　②the
(2)单句写作
The harder you work, ______________________.
你越努力学习，你取得的进步就越大。
答案：the greater progress you'll make

句型：the＋形容词比较级＋从句，the＋形容词比较级＋主句
②　[教材原句]There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man!
确实没有迹象表明查尔斯是个有钱人！(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①I have no idea ________ she has gone to Shanghai.
②The young man offered us a suggestion ________ we should prepare three questions well.
答案：①that　②that
(2)单句写作
The text tells us the fact ________________ to people's health.
这篇文章告诉我们吸烟对人们的健康有很大的危害。
答案：that smoking does great harm

that引导同位语从句

引导同位语从句的连接词除了that外，还有whether, what, when, where, why, who, how等。能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：news, idea, word, fact, hope, doubt, belief, possibility, problem, question, thought, promise, information, message, decision, answer, reply, sign等。
③　[教材原句]He made the choice to give all his money away.
他决定把所有的钱都捐出去。(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①If a student makes a decision ________ (serve) the people, he/she should catch any possible opportunity to improve himself/herself.
②He is not a man ________ (bow) before difficulties.
答案：①to serve　②to bow
(2)单句写作
He has made a daring choice ________________ his present job to look for his favourite one.
他大胆放弃了现在的工作去寻找他最喜欢的工作。
答案：to give up

不定式作后置定语

不定式在句中既可作定语，也可作主语、表语、宾语、状语和独立成分。
④　[教材原句]If so, it is time for you to think again.
如果是这样的话，现在是你重新思考的时候了。(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①People in the back row may not hear clearly. If ________， I'll just have to speak louder.
②If they arrive before I leave, well and good. If ________， the responsibility will be mine.
答案：①so　②not
(2)单句写作
Problems, __________， should be solved without delay.
有问题要及时解决，不要拖延。
答案：if any

if＋so/not/any/ever ... 省略句，是If it is so/not/any/ever ... 结构的省略
⑤　[教材原句]To be a part of this exciting event, all you need to do is enter your favourite advertisement.
要成为这个激动人心的事件的一部分，你需要做的就是投入到你最喜欢的广告中去。 (P19)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ (make) progress in your studies, what you should do is ________ (remember) our teachers' words and study hard.
②You should bring something you need ________ (use) with you and wait at the school gate at 8：00.
答案：①To make; remember　②to use
(2)单句写作
________________， all you need to do is ______________________.
为了更好地生活，你需要做的就是找一份高收入的工作。
答案：To live a better life; find a well­paid job

本句型中有三个不定式(短语)，位于句首的不定式(短语)作目的状语；第二个不定式(短语)是作动词need的宾语；第三个不定式，是省略to的不定式，作表语。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A lot of people, who spend half their time __1__ (dream) up ways to become rich, are determined __2__ (become) a millionaire. In fact, even if some of them get rich, they are not content __3__ their life at all. __4__， Charles Gray isn't such a person. Charles, who used to be a college professor with a huge six－bedroom house, lives in a small dormitory room __5__ there is only old furniture. He felt happy to give up the lifestyle of a rich man, __6__ (get) clothes or other things from charity shops. A few __7__ (year) ago, Charles became aware that there were a lot of people who were lacking in food, so he __8__ (donate) all his money to charities. In Charles' opinion, most people never make much money; __9__ (have) only a little money makes one __10__ (happy).
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.dreaming　2.to become　 3.with　4.However　5.where　6.getting　7.years　8.donated　9.having　10.happier
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My dream is ________ (be) a scientist when I grow up.
答案：to be　句意：我的梦想是长大后当一名科学家。应该用不定式作表语。
2．He allocated ________ of us a task.
答案：each　each “每一个”，在句中作宾语。
3．________ (pass) this driving test, he is practicing the car on the track.
答案：To pass　根据句意可知，“为了通过这次驾照考试，他正在赛道上练车”，用不定式表目的。
4．I was only two minutes late but they'd ________ left.
答案：all　all “所有人”，在句中作同位语。
5．Take one of the two books on the table—________ of them will do.
答案：either　either “(两者中)任一个”，在句中作主语。
6．Because of ________ (give) away the secret of the business, he was punished by his company.
答案：giving　作介词of的宾语，应该用动名词。
7．Employers showed little ________ (enthusiastic) for the new regulations.
答案：enthusiasm　根据句意可知，作动词show的宾语，应该用名词。
8．Though reminded many times, he was not aware ________ his mistakes.
答案：of　本句中be aware of是固定搭配，意为“意识到”。
9．You will be sorry for this ________ day.
答案：some　some有时和单数可数名词连用，表示“某个”，相当于certain。
10．________ (produce) of computers has increased double in the last few weeks.
答案：Production　根据句意可知，表示“电脑产量”应该用production。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．We managed to recover ______________________________ (几件丢失的东西)．
答案：several of the missing articles
2．They hurried to the station that afternoon, ________________________ (结果被告知他们的朋友已经离开了)．
答案：only to be told that their friends had gone
3．The chairman of the meeting didn't turn up for some reason, so the meeting had to ________________.
会议主席因某种原因没有到，因此会议不得不推迟。
答案：be put off
4．______________________________________________________________
随着成员搬走或退出，这个团体的规模变小了。
答案：The group gets smaller as members move away or drop out.
5．______________________________________________________________
只有少数几个申请者合适。
答案：Only a few of the people who applied were suitable.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·陕西省百校联盟TOP20联考)Some historians say that silk originated in China about 10,000 years ago. In China, however, legend __1__ (have) it that Empress Si Ling Chi of China was the first one __2__ (discover) silk more than five thousand years ago. The story goes __3__ while sitting under a mulberry (桑树) tree in her palace garden, the Empress was having tea. A cocoon fell into her hot cup of tea from the branches of the mulberry tree. And as she watched, a strong white thread spread gradually.
For more than two thousand years, the Chinese kept the secret of silk to themselves. Anyone found guilty of smuggling (偷运) silkworm eggs, cocoons, or mulberry seeds was put to __4__ (die). Silk became the cloth of emperors and royalty and a great source of wealth. But common people were prohibited __5__ wearing silk. Silk was gathered and kept in warehouses for __6__ emergency.
The Chinese used silk in many ways. Civil servants __7__ (pay) in quantities of silk, and it was a way for the rulers to reward their citizens. Silk was also used as currency in domestic as well as foreign trade. Chinese traders exchanged their silk in return for spices and jewels __8__ (buy) in India.
Later, people from different parts of society began wearing silk clothes, and __9__ (surprise) silk came into __10__ (much) general use than before.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍有关丝绸起源的传说、用途以及后期的发展。
1．has　考查主谓一致和时态。根据后一句的goes，再结合主语是legend，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填has。legend has it that是固定句型，可译为“传说是这样的……”。
2．to discover　考查不定式。此处用不定式充当定语修饰前面的the first one。故填to discover。
3．that　考查连接词。此处引导同位语从句，补充说明前面的名词legend。
4．death　考查词性转换。空前的to是介词，此处要用名词形式。故填death。
5．from　考查介词。此处是短语prohibit ... from ... (禁止……)的固定搭配。故填from。
6．an　考查冠词。空后的名词emergency是可数名词，并且词首字母发元音。故填不定冠词an。
7．were paid　考查动词的时态和语态。此处主语servants与动词pay构成动宾关系，再结合前后句的谓语动词时态为过去式可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动形式。故填were paid。
8．bought　考查过去分词。此处用过去分词作定语，修饰前面的名词spices and jewels。故填bought。
9．surprisingly　考查副词。此处修饰后面的句子silk came ...，要用副词形式。故填surprisingly。
10．more　考查形容词比较级。根据后面的连词than可知，此处要用比较级形式。故填more。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic jam. We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place where I am always dreaming about.
答案：
There too many people and too pollution on the earth. If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there?
In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth. There wouldn't be pollution or traffic . We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane. We would eat whatever like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients. This is a place / I am always dreaming about.
难项分析：
第二处：many→much　考查限定词。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。pollution为不可数名词，故用much修饰。
第八处：you→we　考查人称代词。句意：我们可以吃想吃的东西，而不用担心不健康的原材料。分析句子可知，本句主语为we，故用第一人称we。
第十处：where→which/that或去掉where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。分析句子可知，从句中，about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。