2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book3Unit7TheSea


Book 3

Unit 7　The Sea


1．A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.
平静的海洋练不出熟练的水手。
2．The waves, currents, and tides of the sea are much the same as the ups, downs and precariousness of life itself.
大海的波涛、水流与潮汐，与人生的跌宕起伏非常相似。
3．It is said that the voice and wind of the sea are very comfortable.
据说大海的声音和海风是很舒服的。
4．The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, but when there's a strong wind, it's very rough.
在阳光灿烂的日子里，大海很美丽，但刮大风的时候它就会变得非常凶猛。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)participate (vi.) 参加→participation (n.) 参加，参与→participator (n.) 参与者
(2)evaluate (vt.) 评估，评价→evaluation (n.) 评估，评价
(3)arrange (vt.) 安排，准备→arrangement (n.) 安排→arranged (adj.) 安排的
(4)spirit (n.) 精神→spiritual (adj.) 精神上的，崇高的→spirited (adj.) 有精神的，精力旺盛的
(5)eventually (adv.) 终于，最终→eventual (adj.) 最后的，终于的
(6)journey (n.) 旅行，旅程→travel (n.& vi.) (近义词)旅行，旅游→trip (n.) (近义词)旅游→voyage (n.) (近义词)(海上)旅行
(7)apologise (vi.) 道歉→apology (n.) 道歉
(8)pollution (n.) 污染→pollute (vt.) 使污染→polluted (adj.) 受到污染的→pollutant (n.) 污染物质
(9)ban (vt.) 禁止→prohibit (vt.)(近义词) 禁止→forbid (vt.) (近义词) 禁止
(10)altogether (adv.) 完全
(11)handle (vt.) 对付 (n.) 把手
(12)department (n.) 部门，部，系，局→departmental (adj.) 部门的→departmentalize (vt.) 把……分成各部门
(13)solution (n.) 答案，解决办法→solve (vt.) 解决
(14)present (vt.) 讲演，演示 (n.) 礼物 (adj.) 在场的，目前的→presence (n.) 出席，到场
(15)energetic (adj.) 有活力的，精力充沛的→energy (n.) 精力，活力→energetically (adv.) 精力充沛地，积极地
(16)discovery (n.) 发现→discover (vt.) 发现→invent (vt.) (近义词)发明→create (vt.) (近义词)发明，创造
(17)educate (vt.) 教育→education (n.) 教育
(18)attract (vt.) 吸引→attraction (n.) 吸引人的地方→attractive (adj.) 吸引人的，有魅力的→attractively (adv.) 引人注目地
(19)measure (vt.& vi.) (长度、数量等)量度为；测量　(n.) 措施
(20)terrify (vt.) 使人感到恐惧→terrified (adj.) 感到恐惧的→terrifying (adj.) 令人恐惧的
(21)escape (vi.) 逃脱，逃跑
(22)survive (vi.) 幸存，生存下来→survival (n.) 幸存，残存
(23)recover (vi.) 恢复正常，康复→recoverable (adj.) 可收回的，可重新获得的→recovery (n.) 康复
(24)recognise (vt.) 辨认出→recognition (n.) 认出，承认，确认→recognizable (adj.) 可辨认的
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)industrial (adj.) 工业的→industry (n.) 工业→industrialize (vt.) 使工业化
(2)agricultural (adj.) 农业的→agriculture (n.) 农业→farming (n.) (近义词) 农业，农耕
(3)intelligence (n.) 智力，理解力→intelligent (adj.) 有才智的，聪明的
(4)up­to­date (adj.) 现代的，最新的
(5)discount (n.) 折扣，减价→discountable (adj.) 可打折扣的
(6)trick (n.) 戏法，把戏
(7)melt (vi.) 熔化，融化
(8)horrible (adj.) 可怕的，令人厌恶的→horribly (adv.) 可怕地，令人厌恶地
(9)sink (vi.) 下沉；沉没→sank (过去式)→sunk (过去分词)
(10)debate ( n．& vt.) 辩论，争辩
(11)local (adj.) 当地的，地方性的→location (n.) 地点，地方，位置→located (adj.) 坐落在，位于
(12)disagree (vi.) 意见不合，不同意→disagreeable (adj.) 令人不愉快的，不合意的→disagreement (n.) 意见不一，争论


　[单句语法填空]
1.I would like to offer an ________ (apologise) for the delay to your class today.
答案：apology
2．The police have warned the city's inhabitants not to swim in the ________ (pollute) river.
答案：polluted
3．He hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and ________ (eventual) work for “The Times”．
答案：eventually
4．The more the young students worked, the more ________ (energy) they became.
答案：energetic
5．He was ________ (terrify) at the thought of being caught in the woods.
答案：terrified
6．I know her, but her name ________ (escape) me now.
答案：escapes
7．We must take some strict ________ (measure) to protect those rare animals.
答案：measures
8．We encourage students to participate fully ________ the running of the college.
答案：in
9．Several buildings in the town ________ (survive) from medieval times, you know.
答案：have survived
10．It is important ________ (recognize) how little we know about this disease.
答案：to recognize
联想积累
1．以­sure结尾的名词
①pleasure 高兴，快乐
②measure 措施
③exposure 暴露，揭发
④enclosure 围场；附件
⑤treasure 财富，珍宝
⑥leisure 悠闲；闲暇
⑦pressure 压力
2．以­ment结尾的名词家族
①advertisement 广告
②development 发展
③movement 运动
④improvement 改进，提高
⑤achievement 成就；达成
⑥arrangement 安排
⑦management 管理
⑧assignment 分配；作业
⑨agreement 协议
⑩enjoyment 快乐，乐趣
⑪government 政府；治理，管理
⑫judgement 判断
⑬payment 偿还；付款
⑭appointment 失望
⑮establishment 确立
⑯equipment 设备，装备
⑰argument 争论，辩论
⑱punishment 惩罚

1．fill_out 填写
2．set_sail 启航
3．according_to 根据，按照
4．get_into_trouble 陷入麻烦
5．persuade_sb._to_do_sth. (成功)劝说某人做某事
6．make_it_to 到达
7．in_search_of 寻找，寻求
8．deal_with 处理
9．make a living 谋生
10．watch out 注意，小心，当心
11．on the edge of 某事快要发生，在……边缘
12．pick up 拾起；接载
13．all at once 突然，忽然
14．be covered with 被……覆盖
15．from then on 从那时起
16．manage to do sth. 成功地做成某事
　[选词填空]
fill out， make a living， according to， get into trouble， make it to， in search of， watch out， on the edge of， pick up， from then on
1．To apply for the job, you'll have to ________ an application form first.
答案：fill out
2．With blood pouring from his leg, he ________ a nearby house.
答案：made it to
3．Mark went to the nearby river ________ water.
答案：in search of
4．You wouldn't have ________ if you had taken my advice.
答案：got into trouble
5．We must be prepared to modify our plans ________ any new circumstances that may arise.
答案：according to
6．________ for cars when you cross the street.
答案：Watch out
7．Remember after you come back from work, you have to ________ our child from the primary school.
答案：pick up
8．________， we contacted each other by e­mail. Sometimes we met in the given place.
答案：From then on
9．My uncle ________ by teaching.
答案：made a living
10．Their economy is ________ collapse.
答案：on the edge of
联想积累
1．动词＋it构成的短语
①make it 成功，做完，达成
②get it 理解，明白
③catch it 受罚
④foot it 步行去
⑤cab it 坐出租车去
⑥help it 有助，有利
2．含有名词turn的短语
①by turns 轮流
②out of turn 不按顺序地，不合时宜地
③be one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
④in turn 依次，轮流


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
埃里克再次启航，这次有25艘船，其中只有14艘到达格陵兰岛。(P8)
介词(of)＋which/whom引导非限制性定语从句
This is the book－store, __________________________________________.
我就是从这个书店买了两本英语杂志。
2.On the other hand, I didn't think that the café was as good as it should be.
另一方面，我认为那家咖啡馆还不够好。(P13)
I don't/didn't think that ... 我认为……不……
否定转移，宾语从句的not，移至主句中。
条件：主语是第一人称，谓语动词是表示“认为、相信、猜测、想象”等的动词，从句的否定移到主句否定，但译为汉语时，否定词否定从句
I ________________ they will come back today.
我认为他今天不会回来了。

答案：1.from which/where I bought two English magazines　2.don't think
直击重点 突破考点

①　participate vi. 参加，参与(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①Yesterday there was a sports meet in our school with hundreds of students ________ (participate)．
②Everyone in the class is expected ________ (participate) in the discussion.
答案：①participating　②to participate
(2)单句写作
They welcome the opportunity to ________ fully ________ the life of the village.
他们很高兴有这个机会充分参与到该村的生活中去。
答案：participate; in

(1)participate in 参加
(2)participation n. 参与，分享

participate后面不能接on, to或直接接名词，而要说participate in sth.。
②　arrange vt. 安排，准备(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①Our headmaster will arrange ________ his secretary to pick up the experts at the airport.
②Have you ________ (arrange) to meet Mark this weekend?
答案：①for　②arranged
(2)单句改错
For a case like this, we'll arrange a lawyer to visit your neighbor with you.
______________________________________________________________
答案：arrange后加for

(1)arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sth. 为……做准备(安排)
arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/物做某事
(2)arrangement n. 整理；布置；安排
make arrangements for ... 为……做好安排

表示“安排某人做某事”应该用arrange for sb. to do sth.不能用arrange sb. to do sth.。
③　eventually adv. 最终，终于(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①I'm sure that our team will succeed ________ (eventual)．
②It is impossible to predict what the ________ (eventually) outcome will be.
答案：①eventually　②eventual
(2)单句写作
________ your child will leave home ______________________ as a fully independent adult.
最后，你的孩子会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过她自己的生活。
答案：Eventually; to lead her own life

(1)abandon sth. eventually 最终放弃某物
succeed eventually 最后成功
(2)eventual adj. 最终的，最后的
④　apologise vi. 道歉(P9)

(1)单句语法填空
His mother offered her ________ (apologise) to Mrs Black.
答案：apology
(2)单句改错
He made public apology to his teacher in class for what he had done.
______________________________________________________________
答案：made后加a

(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
⑤　pollute vt. 使污染(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
①How smelly it is! The island ________ (pollute) by a copper mine seriously.
②Energy consumption, congestion, and ________ (pollute) have increased.
答案：①has been polluted　②pollution
(2)单句写作
Violence on television __________________________ of our children.
电视暴力正在毒害我们孩子的思想。
答案：is polluting the minds

(1)pollute ... with ... 用……污染……
pollute the mind 污染思想
pollute air/atmosphere 污染空气
(2)pollution n. 污染
environmental pollution 环境污染
air pollution 空气污染
(3)pollutant n. 污染物
⑥　handle vt. 对付，处理(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
①He's not a very good teacher—he doesn't know how ________ (handle) children.
②We hold the belief that the affairs of a given country must ________ (handle) by its own people.
答案：①to handle　②be handled
(2)单句改错
Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints handled.
______________________________________________________________
答案：complaints后加were

handle是及物动词，直接跟宾语，不用接介词。
⑦　present vt. 讲演，演示　n. 礼物　adj. 在场的；目前的(P11)

(1)单句语法填空
①On his retirement, colleagues presented him ________ a set of golf clubs.
②Many students were present ________ the important conference last week.
答案：①with　②at
(2)单句改错
Our teacher presented the winner an award.
______________________________________________________________
答案：winner后加with

at present 目前，现在
present sb. with sth. 赠予某人某物
be present 出席，参加

present用作动词作“授予”讲时，不用于present sb. sth.结构，须用present sb. with sth.结构。
⑧　attract vt. 吸引(P12)

(1)单句语法填空
①What first ________ (attract) me to her was her sense of humour.
②We welcome you to join us on a special tour which explores this unique Australian ________ (attract)．
答案：①attracted　②attraction
(2)单句写作
Recently, the TV program The Reader ______________________________.
近来，电视节目《朗读者》吸引了很多人的注意力。
答案：attracts the attention of many people

(1)attract sb. to ... 把某人吸引到……
attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣
(2)attraction n. 吸引人的事物，吸引力
attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
⑨　escape vi. 逃脱，逃跑；逃避(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①Two of the ________ (escape) prisoners were caught in Liaoning.
②He managed to escape ________ the burning car.
答案：①escaped　②from
(2)单句改错
He tried to escape away last night.
______________________________________________________________
答案：去掉away

(1)escape from ... 从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事
(2)make one's escape 逃走
a narrow escape 九死一生
(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的

escape表“离开”之意时，不再与away, off等词连用，因为escape本身已具有离开之意。另外，作“被……忘记，没有被……注意到”讲时，用sth. escape sb.结构表示，而不是用sb. escape sth.结构。
⑩　recognise vt. 辨认出(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①He glanced at the envelope and ________ (recognise) Eade's handwriting.
②Lawrence's novel was eventually recognised ________ works of genius.
答案：①recognised　②as
(2)单句写作
She had changed so much that I could ______________________.
她变得我简直认不出来了。
答案：hardly recognise her

be recognised as 被认为是……
recognise sb./sth. as/to be ... 承认某人/某物是……

①　get into trouble 陷入麻烦(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①You will get ________ trouble if you drive after drinking alcohol.
②Frank had much trouble ________ finding the magazine he wanted.
答案：①into　②in
(2)单句写作
If you keep the rules, you are not ____________________.
如果你遵守规则，你就不大会遇到麻烦。
答案：likely to get into trouble

look for trouble 自找麻烦
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
in trouble 处于不幸(苦恼、困境)之中
take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难做某事

trouble作名词，是不可数名词。
②　persuade sb. to do sth./into doing sth. (成功)说服某人做某事(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①I couldn't persuade her ________ (accept) my terms.
②Her mother persuaded her ________ staying at home for the whole day.
答案：①to accept　②into
(2)单句写作
I ________________________ your father to buy some shares.
我正在试图说服你爸爸买些股票。
答案：am trying to persuade

persuade sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事
persuade sb. that ... 使某人相信……
try to persuade sb. to do sth.＝advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做某事

persuade用来表示“说服某人做某事”时，一般不接that从句，可接带动词不定式的复合结构。如果仅表示劝说的过程，不强调结果，用try to persuade或advise。
③　make it to 到达，达成(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①He wanted to go to America and at last he made it ________ Canada.
②It's a very difficult examination; are you sure you can make ________？
答案：①to　②it
(2)单句写作
The bus goes in ten minutes; you must hurry or you ______________.
汽车还有10分钟就要开了，你必须快一点，否则就赶不上了。
答案：won't make it

get it 明白，知道，理解
that's it 就这样
④　in search of 寻找，寻求(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①He set out ________ search of ideas for starting a company of his own.
②The bad weather is hampering the search ________ survivors.
答案：①in　②for
(2)单句写作
The youths were arrested and ______________ anything that would incriminate them.
警察逮捕了那些年轻人，并进行搜身看能不能找到可以认定他们有罪的证据。
答案：searched for

carry out a search 进行搜查
make a search for 搜查，寻找
search sb. for sth. 搜身寻找某物

in search of表示“寻找”时，介词of不能用for替换。
⑤　all at once 突然，忽然(P14)

(2) 单句语法填空
①The little girl burst into tears ________ at once.
②When I saw him I recognized him ________ once.
答案：①all　②at
(2)单句写作
We were sitting around the table when ______________________________.
我们正围坐在桌旁，这时电灯突然灭了。
答案：all at once the lights went off

all of a sudden 突然
suddenly adv. 突然
at once 马上，立刻
right now 马上，立刻
⑥　pick up 取；捡起；学会，(开车)去接(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①I ________ (pick) up the phone book and glanced through it.
②After ________ (pick) up a woman on the way, the bus left for the capital of the province.
答案：①picked　②picking
(2)单句改错
It took Mary a long time to pick up a new dress at the store.
______________________________________________________________
答案：up→out

pick and choose 挑三拣四，仔细挑选
pick at sth. 一点一点地吃；拉扯某物
pick out 挑拣，挑出
pick on 故意刁难(某人)，跟(某人)找别扭

当宾语是代词时，习惯上把代词放在pick与up之间；当宾语是名词时，一般放在pick up之后。
⑦　manage to do sth. 成功地做成某事(P18)

(1)单句语法填空
①At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed ________ (go) without.
②I don't know how I'll manage ________， but I'll be there.
答案：①to go　②it
(2)单句改错
I finally managed push the huge animal away.
______________________________________________________________
答案：managed后加to

manage without 在没有(某物)的情况下继续
I can manage it myself. 我自己可以处理。

manage意为“设法做成，努力完成”时，不在前面加can或could。

①　[教材原句]According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.
根据冰岛和挪威的古老传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀罪而被迫离开冰岛，为此他陷入困境。(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①How can anyone blame her for actions ________ which she feels herself to be in no way responsible?
②He was also a writer of beautiful stories, some of ________ are collaborations with his fiancee.
答案：①for　②which
(2)单句写作
She lost her heart to the young man ____________ she had studied and worked for so long.
她爱上那个小伙子了，多年来她和他既是同窗又是同事。
答案：with whom

介词＋which/whom引导非限制性定语从句

(1)“介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句时，先行词是人，用whom；先行词是物，用which。且这个结构前还可以加名词或代词，即“n./pron.＋of＋which/whom”；此时，n./pron.也可以放到of which/whom之后。
(2)本结构中，介词的选择根据从句中动词的搭配或先行词的介词搭配以及语境含义而定。
②　[教材原句]Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice!
有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你说话声音的两倍！(P12)


(1)单句语法填空
①There are twice as many girls ________ boys in our class!
②This room is three times ________ (large) than that one.
答案：①as　②larger
(2)单句写作
They have ____________________ as we do.
他们拥有的奶牛是我们的三倍多。
答案：three times as many cows

倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as表示“……是……的几倍”

(1)能充当倍数的成分有：整数、分数、百分数、名词等。
(2)表示“两倍”用twice，表示其他整数倍时，用基数词＋times即可。
③　[教材原句]You certainly won't find a noisier fish.
你肯定找不到比这更吵闹的鱼了(这就是最吵闹的鱼)。(P13)

(1)单句语法填空
①No writer is ________ (adventurous) than Mark Twain in the world, I think.
②What an exciting and instructive novel! I've never read a ________ (good) one.
答案：①more adventurous　②better
(2)单句写作
Have you got ________________ than sit there playing that silly game?
你光坐着玩那个愚蠢的游戏，就找不到更好的事来做吗？
答案：nothing better to do

否定词(含有否定意义的词)＋形容词比较级，相当于该形容词的最高级含义

常见的含有否定的词有：no, not, nothing, little, few等。
④　[教材原句]I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
我仍然被捆在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民聚集的地方。(P15)

(1)单句语法填空
①It's one of the few countries ________ people drive on the left.
②Put this envelope in a safe place ________ no one can get access to it.
答案：①where　②where
(2)单句写作
What is the name of the town ______________________？
你过去生活过的那座城镇叫什么名字？
答案：where you used to live

关系副词where引导定语从句

关系副词除了where外，when, why也能引导定语从句。
⑤　[教材原句]From then on, they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them.
从那时起，无论郑和带他们去哪里，他们都会高兴地跟随他。(P18)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
②________ he lives, he never feels lonely.
答案：①Wherever　②Wherever
(2)单句写作
________________， wherever he went, I ____________ closely.
从那以后，他无论走到哪里，我都会紧紧跟随的。
答案：From then on; would follow him

主句＋wherever＋让步状语从句

课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Vikings, whose ancestors came from Scandinavia, were the first Europeans __1__ (reach) America. They had lived in many places of Northern Europe. In 982 AD, a man __2__ (call) Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because of a murder, for which he __3__ (get) into trouble. Eric discovered Greenland and persuaded some people __4__ (settle) in Greenland. Eric set sail again, but only nearly half of the ships made __5__ to Greenland this time.
Later a man by the name of Biarni set sail from Iceland in search __6__ Eric's party. But he __7__ (blow) off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he __8__ (eventual) reached Greenland.
In the year 1002, Leif, Eric the Red's son, followed Biarni's directions and sailed to __9__ is believed to be the coast of present­day Canada. He also discovered New­foundland. Actually, Eric the Red and Leif's __10__ (deed) are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to the Americas.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.to reach　2.called　3.got　4.to settle　5.it
6．of　7.was blown　8.eventually　9.what　10.deeds
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There are times ________ I wonder why I do this job.
答案：when　分析句子结构可知，此处用when引导定语从句，修饰times，when在从句中又作时间状语。
2．The reason ________ she was late for the meeting was that she had to deal with several mistakes in the report.
答案：why　分析句子结构可知，此处用why引导定语从句，修饰reason, why在从句中又作状语。
3．Can you suggest a place ________ we can spend our summer vacation this year?
答案：where　根据句意可知，表示“我们今年能度假的地方”用where引导定语从句，修饰place，where在从句中又作地点状语。
4．The short one is by far ________ expensive of the five.
答案：the most　句意：短的那一个是五个中最贵的。表示“五个中”最贵的，用形容词最高级。
5．I think science is much ________ important than Japanese.
答案：more　有比较级标志than，故其形容词important前用more。
6．We've produced twice as ________ cotton this year as we did ten years ago.
答案：much　本句中用as ... as表示同级比较，故as ... as中间用形容词原级，修饰不可数名词cotton，用much。
7．The length of the road is four times ________ it was three years ago.
答案：what　根据句子含义，表示事物本身发展不同阶段的对比用“倍数＋what it was”，故填what。
8．The new river yard is three times the ________ (long) of the one lying in the south of our city.
答案：length　本句是考查倍数的表达法之一“倍数＋the＋性质名词＋of ...”，故此处用名词length。
9．The questions were all on opera, about ________ subject I know nothing.
答案：which　句意：那些问题都是关于歌剧的，对此我一无所知。about which引导非限制性定语从句。
10．I have 8 new friends here, the three of ________ are from the south.
答案：whom　句意：在这里我有八个新朋友，其中三个是来自于南方。本句用the three of whom引导非限定性定语从句。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．This is the house ________________ (我们上次参观过的)．
答案：(which/that) we visited last time
2．I told my friend that ____________________________ (我从未读过比这更有趣的小说)．
答案：I had never read a more interesting novel than this one
3．They said they had __________________.
他们说他们有麻烦了。
答案：gotten into trouble
4．______________________________________________________________
我试图劝他放弃那项计划，但是他没有听我的。(persuade sb. to do sth.)
答案：I tried to persuade him to give up his plan, but he didn't listen to me.
5．______________________________________________________________
与我们校长谈话的那个人我认识。
答案：I know the man with whom our headmaster is talking.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·高考一轮必修1高考试卷分块专练)The reason why some of us enjoy taking risks might have something to do with early humans. Risk­takers were better at hunting, fighting or exploring. Being better at those things meant a __1__ (great) chance of survival. As the quality of risk­taking __2__ (pass) from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
You may wonder __3__ not all people enjoy taking risks. Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk­taking could get one __4__ (kill)．As a result, humans developed a range of character types __5__ still exist today. So maybe you love car racing, __6__ maybe you hate it. It all depends on your character.
No matter where you are on the risk­seeking range, scientists say that your __7__ (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. __8__ (help) you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean __9__ (take) some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
As experts continue studying human brains, we'll know more __10__ the science of risk­seeking.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了人们喜欢冒险的原因和科学依据。
1．greater　考查比较级。这里用great的比较级与句中的better相呼应。
2．was passed　考查动词的时态和语态。主语“the quality of risk­taking”是谓语动词动作pass的承受者，需用被动语态；这里是描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。
3．why　考查宾语从句的连接词。本空后的内容解释了为什么不是所有的人都喜欢冒险，故用why引导宾语从句。
4．killed　考查非谓语动词。过去分词killed作宾语补足语，one与kill之间是被动关系。
5．that/which　考查关系词。关系代词that/which指代先行词“a range of character types”， 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
6．or　考查连词。前后两个分句在意义上是选择关系，故用or连接。
7．willingness　考查名词。空格中所填单词前有形容词性物主代词your，且在句中作主语，故用willing的名词形式。
8．To help　考查非谓语动词。“To help you do that”是不定式短语作目的状语。
9．taking　考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth.意思是“意味着做某事”。
10．about　考查短语搭配。know about sth.是习惯搭配，意思是“了解，知道”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant tree not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life.
After purchase seedlings, we chose a place that the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine. We didn't realize how hardly it was until we began our work. None of us were familiar to planting, nor did we knew how to use gardening tools. After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into it. Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes. It was not so easy as imagined, and we successfully finished the task at the last.
答案：
With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life.
After seedlings, we chose a place the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine. We didn't realize how it was until we began our work. None of us were familiar planting, nor did we how to use gardening tools. After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into . Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes. It was not so easy as imagined, we successfully finished the task at last.
难项分析：
第三处：that→where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：购买完幼苗之后，我们选择了一个使幼苗能得到适当的水和阳光的地方。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词“place”，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导该定语从句。
第五处：to→with　考查介词。句意：我们都不熟悉种植，也不知道如何使用园艺工具。此处be familiar with ... 意为“熟悉……”，为固定用法。
第九处：and→but　考查连词。句意：这并不像想象的那么容易，但是我们最终成功地完成了任务。根据句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故用连词but，表示转折。