2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：专题8 介词和介词短语
展开专题八 介词和介词短语
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，63)Modern methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.
答案：of/for a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，63)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact.
答案：of a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
3．(2019·浙江高考，61)The answer ________ this question is not clear.
答案：to the answer to ... “……的答案”。
4．(2018·北京高考，14)—Good morning, Mr Lee's office.
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon.
答案：for make an appointment for “……时间的预约”。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，62)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
答案：from to and from work “上下班”。
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，68)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
答案：in get a degree in ... “获得……学位”。
7．(2017·天津高考，12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
答案：among 句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于千年以上树龄的树木之间。among “在……之间，在……中”，由前文中的drive through the Redwood Forests可知among符合句意。
8．(2017·北京高考，35)Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.
答案：in 句意：许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于……”。make a living in fishing industry “靠渔业谋生”。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，67)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
答案：for search for “寻找……”。
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：for→with play with sb. “与某人一起玩”。
常用介词的意义
介词 | 基本词义 | 例子 |
with | 用(用于有形的工具或身体某些器官，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰)；附带有；和；随着…… | with this method with a pencil with my own eyes with the development of a man with a strong will a lady with a book in her hand I have an appointment with Dr Black, but I need to change it. |
on | 在……上(表面接触)；一……就……；关于；是……的一员；在具体的某一天 | on the playground on his arrival a book on history be on a research team on a cold evening |
at | 在(地点、时间、空间、节日)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝 | at 4 o'clock in the afternoon at night at a speed of 120 kmph at the Spring Festival shout at |
against | 违背；反对；对……不利；倚靠；衬托 | against her will against the wall a race against time ①The white building looks beautiful against the blue sky. ②I won't have you say anything against my teacher. |
beyond | 超出……的范围，为……所不及 | beyond one's control beyond sb. beyond description beyond imagination beyond one's reach |
续表
介词 | 基本词义 | 例子 |
within | 在……之内；在……里面 | ①Adjust the driver's seat so that all the controls are within reach. ②We should have the test results within 24 hours. |
over | 在上方，在……上；从上方越过；超过；在……期间；恢复过来；胜过 | over a cup of coffee over Christmas over time have advantages over ... ①Do you mind talking about your plan over lunch? ②She had great personal influence and power over her followers. ③I don't want to talk about this over the telephone. |
across | 从表面穿过；横穿(马路等) | across the river across the street ①The shirt is too tight across the shoulder. ②A big smile spread across her face. |
through | 从内部穿过；经历过 | walk through the door through this activity |
despite | 尽管 | ①Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. ②She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. |
by | 表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算，依据；经由；乘(交通工具) | by the hour judging by know sb. by name by bus ①We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals. ②He went out by the back door. |
for | 给；对；为；为了得到；对……来说；达；向；对于；支持；表示 | ①I have a present for you. ②I paid $3 for the ticket. ③She looks young for her age. ④I set off for work. ⑤The questions are too difficult for 10yearolds. ⑥We have studied the arguments for and against nuclear energy. |
off | 远离；从……上移开；在……海岸；休息；减价 | ①Keep off the grass! ②There are a lot of islands off the coast. ③You look tired. Why don't you take tomorrow off? ④If you buy more than ten, they knock 10% off. |
without | 没有；在没有……的情况下 | We couldn't have finished the task without your timely help. |
beside | 在……旁边 | Wendy came up and sat beside me. |
in | 在……内；在(年、月、季节)； 在……方面；(将来)过(多久) | ①She looked in her bag, but her keys were not there. ②The street is about a mile in length. ③He'll be back in ten minutes. |
of | ……的；属于；……的一部分；关于……的 | the last scene of the movie a friend of Mark's the beauty of the scenery She was seen as a woman of great determination. |
to/ towards | 朝向；对；达到；去做；对于 | ①She stood up and walked to/towards the window. ②Much to our surprise, she passed the exam with distinction. |
from | 从；从……开始；离……；来自；根据 | to and from school ①We're going to tell him on his birthday—that's two weeks from today. ②From what I've read, the company seems to be in difficulties. |
along | 沿着 | Walk along the street, and then turn right at the second crossing. |
between | 在(两者)之间 | A lot of students spend a year abroad in between high school and university. |
among | 在(三者或以上)之间 | The problem is causing widespread concern among scientists. |
常见的复合介词
复合介词 | 基本词义 | 例句 |
according to | 依据，根据…… | They divided themselves into three groups according to age. |
owing to | 因为…… | Owing to their carelessness, a fire broke out. |
because of | 因为…… | Don't be angry because of what he said. He meant no harm. |
thanks to | 多亏了…… | Thanks to my teacher's help, I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest. |
as for/to | 至于…… | We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic, we had no difficulty. |
due to | 由于…… | Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences. |
apart from | 除……以外 | Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me. |
except for | 除了……(整体与部分的关系) | Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. |
regardless of | 不管…… | Regardless of what happens, my claim is safe and secure. |
but for | 要不是…… | But for your text message, I would have left my ID at home. |
in spite of | 尽管 | In spite of the fact that the product is safe, many people still refuse to buy it. |
on account of | 因为 | Their recent protest was called off on account of tightened security. |
as a result of | 由于 | Workers approaching retirement should be saving more, not less, as a result of low rates. |
next to | 仅次于；紧挨着 | Getting them to buy into the system is next to impossible. |
in addition to | 除……以外 | Thankfully, in addition to changing majors, students can change schools. |
far from | 远非…… | My boss asked so much of me and I believed that my job was far from his satisfaction. |
ahead of | 在……前面 | With his help, we finished our task ahead of time. |
介词to的搭配
1．与名词常见搭配
the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
to the point 切中要害，中肯
to one's taste 合某人胃口
to one's surprise/joy/delight 令某人吃惊/高兴的是
approach to sth. 通往……的路，学习……的方法
attitude to/towards 对待……的态度
dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞
the entrance to ……的入口
have/gain access to 有……的机会
2．与动词常见搭配
devote ... to ... 把……用于……
adjust ... to ... 调节……以适应……
adapt ... to ... 使……适应……
attach ... to ... 把……附在……上
object to 反对
look forward to 盼望
pay attention to 注意
get down to sth. 开始做某事；开始认真对待某事
see to 照料，处理
owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……归功于/归因于
make contributions to 为……作出贡献
be/get used to 习惯于
prefer ... to ... 宁愿……而不
belong to 属于
lead to 通向，导致
put an end to 结束
be up to 从事，干
point to 指着
stick to 坚持
hold on to 抓住不放
look up to 尊敬，尊重
compared to 与……相比
be admitted to 被录取
live up to 符合，达到，不辜负
apply to 利用，运用
attend to 处理，照顾；关照
appeal to 有吸引力；呼吁；上诉
respond to 应答
3．与形容词常见搭配
be related to 与……有关
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be similar to 与……相似
be linked to 与……有关
be relevant to 与……相关
be important to 对……很重要
be beneficial to 对……有益
be equal to 等于……
be familiar to 对……来说是熟悉的
be blind to 对……视而不见
be addicted to 沉溺于……
常用介词与形容词的搭配
be conscious of 意识到
be fond of 喜爱
be aware of 意识到；明白
be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某方面严格
be worthy of 值得；配得上
be different from 与……不同
be absent from 缺席
be present at 出席
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be tired of 厌倦……
be busy with 忙于……
be lost in 迷失在……
be anxious about 为……担心
be buried in 全神贯注于
be ashamed of 因……而惭愧
be absorbed in 全神贯注于
be suspicious of 怀疑……
be familiar with 熟悉……
介词in构成的常见短语
in common with 与……一样
in the face of 面对……
in time for 正好……
in danger of 处于……危险中
in defence of 为了保护……
in need/want of 需要……
in consequence of 由于……
in favour of 赞成……
in exchange for 交换……
in memory of 为了纪念……
in honour of 向……致敬
in praise of 歌颂/赞扬……
in charge of 负责……
in the charge of 由……负责
in possession of 拥有……
in the possession of 由……拥有
in search of 寻找……
in touch with 和……保持联系
in preparation for 为……作准备
in place of 代替，而不是
in the hope of 希望……
in the course of 在……的过程中
in the habit of 有……的习惯
in front of 在……的前面
in the front of 在……的前部
in the form of 以……的形式
in the name of 以……名义
in relation to 与……相关
in regard to 关于/至于……
in return for 作为……的回报
in terms of 就……而言
in harmony with 与……协调
其他介词短语
短语 | 词义 | 例句 |
for lack of | 因为缺乏 | More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. |
on condition that | 如果，条件是(＋句子) | I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday. |
with regard to | 关于，至于 | With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend. |
on behalf of | 代表 | On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. |
by means of | 凭借…… | The water may be carried by means of a pipe. |
in case of | 万一…… | In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·贵州省安顺市高三联考)I pulled up next ________ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money.
答案：to 句意：我在他旁边停了下来，从车里出来，把全部卖鸡蛋赚到的钱给了他。根据句意，可知此处为固定搭配，next to意为“在……旁边”。故填to。
2．(2019·山东省德州市高三月考)The idea of creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s, but people couldn't agree ________ what size to make the park.
答案：on agree on是固定搭配，意为“就……达成一致”。
3．He went to Shanghai ________ an important meeting.
答案：for 句意：他去上海参加一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。
4．In addition ________ the injuries in the face and hands, he broke both legs while playing the final game.
答案：to 句意：决赛时除了脸部和手部受伤外，他还摔断了双腿。in addition to＝besides “除……之外(还)”。
5．(2019·广东省佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Bullied kids face a high risk ________mental health problems.
答案：of 句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。a risk of “……的风险”。
6．She contributed more than any other scientist ________ solving the structure of DNA.
答案：to 句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute ... to sth./doing sth. “为(做)某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。
7．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ________ average.
答案：above 句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。根据语境the warmest year on record可知是比平均气温高0.68度。above average意为“高于平均值”。
8．In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.
答案：with 句意：在印度，大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭。with＋人体部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。
9．This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you ________ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
答案：in 句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你如果你吸烟会被罚款的。in advance “预先；提前”，固定搭配。
10．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
答案：to 句意：你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗？be home to ... “是……的家园或栖息地”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid1980s.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：back后加to go back to “追溯到”，固定短语。
2．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：dreams后加about/of dream about/of doing sth. “梦想做某事”。
3．The dictionary is outofdate: many words have been added the language since it was published.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：added后加to add sth. to “把……添加到……”，为固定搭配。
4．Many of the things we now benefit for would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：for→from 句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在。benefit from “得益于”，固定搭配，符合语境。
5．Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：home后的to→for leave ... for ... “离开……去……”，固定搭配。
