2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：专题10 数词和主谓一致
展开专题十 数词和主谓一致
1.(2019·天津高考，8)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
答案：was given A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由last week可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．(2019·浙江高考，56)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚).
答案：has/will have 空格前面的从句为一般现在时，主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
3．(2019·江苏高考，22)The musician along with his band members ________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
答案：has given 句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里共演出了10场。根据时间状语in the last three months可知，句子用现在完成时；当主语后接along with构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致，故此处用has given。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，64)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
答案：is it指代上文提到的“running regularly”，由says可知，本句用的是一般现在时，it是第三人称单数，故用is。
5．(2017·天津高考，6)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (be) regarded as one of the best allround forms of exercise.
答案：is 当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和along with前面的主语保持一致；这里描述的是客观事实，故用is。
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，67)Fast food ________(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
答案：is fast food “快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。此处描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
7．(2017·江苏高考，24)The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
答案：was 关系代词which指代的是先行词Great Expectations，是一本书，再根据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。故用was。
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：five→fifth “上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：include→includes 句中that用作主语，指代learning，是第三人称单数，所以将include改为includes。
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：eighteen→eighteenth 表示“第十八个生日”应用序数词。
数词
1．基数词的用法
(1)基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。
Three of us have been to Guangzhou.
I'd like two sweaters for my daughter.
The desk is for you two.
—How old are you?
—I'm twelve.
(2)基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million用单数。在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时，在hundreds, thousands, millions后接“of＋名词复数”。
The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long.
Those mountains are thousands of metres high.
(3)表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。
He went to the United States in his twenties.
(4)“基数词＋名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数。
a twomonth holiday两个月的假
2．序数词的用法
(1)序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。
The second lesson is more difficult than the first.
(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一，又一”的意思。
She could not go through that a second time.
(3)给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。
The Fifth Lesson/Lesson Five 第五课
No. 14 middle school 十四中
[注意] 房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。
Room 203 (读作room two o three)
754662 (读作seven five four double six two)
(4)分数表示法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数；分子大于1时，分母用复数。
onefourth或a quarter
threefourths
a half或one half
twofifths
1 one and onefifth
3．年份、日期、时刻读法
(1)年份/四位数通常分两组来读
1996读作nineteen ninetysix
1905读作nineteen o five或nineteen and five
2000读作two thousand
(2)日期用序数词表示
July 3rd读作July the third
November 25th读作November the twentyfifth
December 1st读作December the first
世纪也用序数词表示：the 20th century
(3)时刻
时刻有两种读法：一是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数； 二是先说分钟数，后说钟点数。用介词past表示几点过几分(不超过半小时)或用to表示几点差几分(超过半小时，还差多少分钟到下一个钟点)。
4：10 four ten/ten past four
5：15 five fifteen/a quarter past five
6：30 six thirty/half past six
7：45 seven fortyfive/a quarter to eight
主谓一致
主语和谓语一致，主要是谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。
主谓一致的常考点
语法一致的常考点 | and连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数 | Lucy and Lily are twin sisters. |
many a, more than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 | ①Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs. ②More than one worker has finished the task. | |
关系代词作主语，定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词 | ①I'm ready to do all those things which are more challenging. ②They took the only free table, which was just inside the door. | |
主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than, but, including, in addition to等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前的名词或代词的数保持一致 | ①They, together with my father, have gone to Washington. ②Tom, as well as his parents, goes to Beijing for a visit. ③Lily, rather than her two sisters, was admitted into Tsinghua University. | |
动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 注：what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数，谓语动词用复数 | ①Serving the people is my great happiness. ②Whether we'll go depends on the weather. ③What we have to carry is a heavy box. ④What you left are only several old books. | |
意义一致的常考点 | “the number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a number of ...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 | ①The number of travellers to London has dropped by 100,000. ②A number of factories have been moved out of Beijing. |
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数 | ①2,500 miles is a long distance. ②Two hours is too short for the visit. | |
国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 | The United States is a large country. | |
分数，百分数，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词决定 | ①The rest of the workers are still very tired. ②The rest of the oil was wasted. ③A lot of students are coming to the meeting. ④A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. ⑤Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. | |
“the＋形容词”表示一类人/物时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数 | ①Many of the wounded were sent to hospital immediately. ②The beautiful is loved by all. | |
意义一致的常考点 | family, class, enemy, team, group, government等集体名词若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数 | ①Our team wins first in the game. ②My family are going on a trip this summer. |
population表示人口时，谓语动词用单数；当其前有分数、百分数修饰时，表示全体居民，这时谓语动词用复数 | ①The population of that area is about 29 million. ②A third of the population now smoke in this country. | |
就近一致的常考点 | 由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近的主语的单复数保持一致 | ①Was he or you able to persuade her? ②Neither he nor I am going to the cinema. |
there be句型或here be句型后面是并列主语，be在数上与邻近的主语保持一致 | There is a book and many pencils on the desk. |
续表
主谓一致的特殊情况 | “one/either/each of＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数 | ①One of the judges was TV presenter Dawn Porter. ②Either of the plans is equally dangerous. |
“one and a half＋复数名词”作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数 | One and a half hours is enough. | |
“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”强调句型中，如果被强调部分是主语，that/who后谓语动词与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致 | It is they who have worked there for five years. | |
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 | ①The majority of boys like football. ②Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up the children since they were married. ③A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came. |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Part of the profit from sales ________ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
答案：is 根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，表示单数概念，应填is。
2．The government ________ (believe) that people who don't have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.
答案：believes 本句中的“The government”指政府这个整体，表示单数意义，故谓语动词使用单数形式，填believes。
3．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Email, as well as telephones, ________ (play) an important part in daily communication.
答案：plays/is playing 句意：电子邮件，还有电话在日常交际中起着很重要的作用。as well as连接主语时要遵循“承前一致”的原则，应与Email保持一致，答案为plays/is playing。
4．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
答案：has caused 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。根据语境可知该句子应用现在完成时。
5．Not he but you ________ (be) to be fired. And not only you but also I am to be fired this time.
答案：are not ... but连接并列主语，谓语依据“就近一致”原则，故填are。
6．(2019·黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学高三月考)Neither you nor I nor anybody else ________ (know) anything about it.
答案：knows 根据前面的neither ... nor ... 结构可知，谓语动词采取“就近原则”，故与anybody else保持一致，填knows。
7．The population of Jiangsu ________ (have) grown to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.
答案：has The population of ... “……的人口”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
8．(2019·河北省衡水中学高三二调考试)She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ________ (be) two sharp knives.
答案：were 介词inside在句首时，句子倒装，主语是two sharp knives，是复数，与之保持一致谓语动词应用复数，且这里表示过去发生的事情，故填were。
9．—Why is the chemical plant closed?
—Because large quantities of waste water ________ (release) into the Yangtze River.
答案：have been released “(large) quantities of＋不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用复数。根据化工厂被关闭这一语境可知，大量的废水已经被排放到长江，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
10．A teacher of English and class teacher ________ (tell)us something about volunteer workers now.
答案：is telling 句意：一位英语老师兼班主任正给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是A teacher of English and class teacher，这是一位老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词使用单数形式。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Reading aloud are very important in learning English.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：are→is 句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。
2．Large quantities of water is needed for irrigation.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：is→are 句意：灌溉需要大量的水。quantities of无论修饰不可数名词还是修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词都用复数，且此句描述一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。
3．Every possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：have→has 句意：已采取了各种各样的措施防止空气污染，但天空还是不清亮。means单复数同形，但是此处means前有every修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。
4．Hank as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the center.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：are→is 句意：汉克和其他的没有父母的孩子在那个中心得到了很好的照顾。句子的主语后有as well as连接的短语，因此谓语动词应与Hank保持一致，用单数形式，且由语境可知，本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。
5．(2019·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高三月考)More than one person have seen the explosion.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：have→has 句意：不止一个人看到了爆炸。“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，虽然意义表示复数，但谓语动词使用单数形式。
