2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book4　Module4　GreatScientists

Book 4　Module 4　Great Scientists

1．Stephen Hawking is_regarded to be one of the greatest scientists in the world as_a_result_of his scientific discoveries.

史蒂芬·霍金因其科学发现被看成是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。

2．Keep in mind that not_every_scientist is pessimistic about AI technology.

记着不是每个科学家都对AI技术很悲观。

3．The only thing that he wants to do now is  seek new perspectives on the nature of matter.

现在他想做的唯一的事就是找到看待事物本质的新视角。

4．China's leading agricultural scientist Yuan Longping was_presented_the_award_in recognition of his courage in independent thinking out of the norm in rice breeding.

中国领先的农业科学家袁隆平获得此奖，以表彰他在稻米培育方面独树一帜、独立思考的勇气。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)producer (n.) 生产者→produce (vt.) 生产→production (n.) 产量；生产→productive (adj.) 多产的；富有创造性的

(2)leading (adj.) 主要的→lead (vt.) 领导；引导→leader (n.) 领导；领袖

(3)figure (n.) 人物

(4)educate (vt.) 教育→educator (n.) 教育家；教育工作者→education (n.) 教育

(5)publish (vt.) 出版

(6)support (vt.& n．) 支持→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者

(7)export (vt.) 出口→import (反义词) (vt.) 进口

(8)replace (vt.) 取代；以……代替

(9)quality (n.) 质量→quantity (形近词)  (n.) 数量

(10)brief (adj.) 简短的；简洁的→briefly (adv.) 简短地；简洁地

(11)physical (adj.) 身体的→physically (adv.) 身体上地

(12)graduate (vi.) 毕业 (n.) 毕业生→graduation (n.) 毕业

(13)escape (vi.) 逃跑；逃避

(14)straight (adj.) 直的 (adv.) 笔直地；径直；立即；直率地

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)genetics (n.) 遗传学→gene (n.) 基因

(2)staple  (adj.) 主要的；重要的

(3)nickname (n.) 绰号

(4)agriculture (n.) 农业→agricultural (adj.) 农业的

(5)breeding (n.) 培育

(6)species (n.) (动物或植物的)种

(7)yield (n.) 产量

(8)original (adj.) 原来的；最初的→origin (n.) 起源

(9)breakthrough (n.) 突破

(10)convert (vt.) 改变；转换

(11)diagnose (vt.) 诊断

(12)victim (n.) 受害者

(13)brilliant (adj.) 聪颖的；才华横溢的

(14)career (n.) 生涯；经历

(15)partly (adv.) 部分地；在一定程度上→part (n.) 部分

(16)relativity (n.) 相对论→relative (adj.) 相对的→relatively (adv.) 相对地

(17)explosion (n.) 爆炸；爆炸声→explode (vi.) 爆炸

　[单句语法填空]

1.The oil companies have lost their power over oil price and oil  ________ (produce)．

答案：production

2．My sister plays the  ________ (lead) role in this film.

答案：leading

3．Just then a white­haired old woman entered,  ________ (support) by a girl.

答案：supported

4．He dialed, and spoke  ________ (brief) to the duty officer.

答案：briefly

5．As ________ (graduate) day drew near, the students were all anxiously preparing for their final exams.

答案：graduation

6．The two officers were extremely lucky  ________ (escape) serious injury.

答案：to escape

7．The  ________ (physics) benefits of exercise can be divided into three factors.

答案：physical

8．He was hurt, and another player  ________ (replace) him.

答案：replaced

9．The products are mainly  ________ (export) to Europe and some other countries.

答案：exported

10．More money should be spent on  ________ (educate) and housing.

答案：education

1．专业名词集锦

①genetics 遗传学

②biology 生物学

③botany 植物学

④biochemistry 生物化学

⑤zoology 动物学

⑥ecology 生态学

2．单复数同形名词小结

①species(动物或植物的)种

②deer 鹿

③aircraft 飞机

④spacecraft 太空船

⑤series 系列

⑥antelope 羚羊

⑦means方法

⑧sheep 绵羊

3．带连字符的合成词集锦

①best­seller 畅销书

②color­blind 色盲的

③first­class 头等的

④heart­broken 伤心的

⑤long­distance 长途的

⑥peace­loving 热爱和平的

⑦well­known 著名的

⑧world­famous 世界文明的

1．bring_up  培养；养育

2．the_key_to_doing_sth.  做某事的关键

3．experiment with ...   以……进行实验

4．bring_in  引进；带来

5．as_a_result_of  由于……的结果

6．be known for  因……而出名/闻名

7．be diagnosed with  被诊断为……病

8．earn one's/a living  谋生

9．come to power  掌权

10．at war  处于交战状态

　[选词填空]

earn one's/a living,  the key to, come to power, bring up, as a result of, be diagnosed with

1．I've ________ by looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.

答案：earned a/my living

2．She has recently ________ a rare blood disease.

答案：been diagnosed with

3．Being happy is ________ a fun­filled life.

答案：the key to

4．He has lost all his friends ________ his foolish behaviour.

答案：as a result of

5．This is the place where the writer was born and ________.

答案：brought up

6．As soon as their party ________， they changed the law.

答案：came to power

1．to作为介词表示目的或对象关系的短语小结

①the key to ... ……的关键

②the solution to the problem 问题的解决方案

③the entrance/exit to the building 大楼的入口/出口

④the notes to the text 课文的注释

⑤the key to the door 门的钥匙

⑥the answer to the question 问题的答案

⑦the reaction to the proposal 对提议的反应

⑧the reply to the letter 对信件的回复

2．“代替”小结

①replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替某人/某物

②replace ... with/by ...  用……代替/替换……

③in place of 取代，替代(介词短语)

④take one's place代替某人/某物

答案：1.using rocks　2.winning the first prize

直击重点 突破考点

1.support　vt.& n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养(P32)

(1)单句语法填空

①She needs a high income  ________ (support) such a big family.

②People generously gave support  ________  the worthy cause.

答案：①to support　②to

(2)单句改错

As a distinguished figure, she lent enough support young artists and composers.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：support后加to

(3)单句写作

①My parents always ________ in whatever I want to do.

我的父母总是支持我想做的任何事情。

②Only a few people spoke ________________ the proposal.

只有几个人表示支持这一提议。

答案：①support me　②in support of

(1)support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人

support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生

(2)give/lend support to 支持

in support of 支持；拥护

2.quantity　n．数量(P33)

(1)单句语法填空

①I can ask him if he can give us a better price if we buy  ________  quantity.

②The group of information technology talents should be strengthened  ________  quantity and quality.

答案：①in　②in

(2)单句写作

①Great ____________ sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.

大量的沙土被雨水冲下山坡。

②______________________________________ been sold since the temperature is high.

自从气温升高后，大量空调被售出。

答案：①quantities of　②A large quantity of/Large quantities of air conditioners have

(1)a large quantity of 大量的

＝large quantities of 大量的；许多的

a small quantity of 少量的

(2)in quantity 大量地

in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上

特别提醒

(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可以接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。

(2)“a quantity of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词的单复数决定。

(3)“quantities of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。

3.escape　vi.& n．逃跑；逃避；逃脱；泄漏；渗出 (P39)

(1)单句语法填空

With the support of her friends, she  ________ (make) her escape through Austria and finally to the US.

答案：made

(2)单句改错

I felt familiar but at that time his name escaped from me.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉from

(3)单句写作

①He ________________ prison this morning.

他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。

②It might have ________________________， but I'm very busy at the moment.

也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。

答案：①escaped from　②escaped your notice/attention

(1)escape from ... 从……逃走

escape doing sth. 逃避做某事

escape one's attention/notice 未被某人注意

sth. escape(s) sb. 某物被某人忘记；某事未被某人注意到

(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生

make one's escape 逃脱；逃走

特别提醒

escape用作及物动词时，表示逃避或躲避不愉快的事(监禁、管制、处罚等不幸或灾难)；用作不及物动词时，则指从监禁、管制或受罚等状态中逃脱或逃走，其后接介词from。注意下面两个短语的区别：

escape from prison “越狱(指的是一直在监狱中服刑，但是从服刑中逃跑了)”；escape prison “逃过牢狱之灾(指的是根本就没有进监狱，幸运逃脱了)”。

1.earn one's/a living 谋生(P37)

(1)单句语法填空

My brother earns his living  ________  selling books.

答案：by

(2)单句改错

I think that's earned him for very high admiration.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉for

(3)单句写作

①You can't expect to ______________________ your painting.

你不能指望画画来维持生计。

②Chris will pay—he's ________________.

克里斯会付款的，他在挣大钱。

答案：①earn a living from　②earning a fortune

earn/make a/one's living by/from 靠……谋生

earn (sb.) sth. 给……挣得……

earn a fortune＝make a lot of money 赚大钱

2.come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政 (P37)

(1)单句改错

①The party has been power for ten years.

_________________________________________________________________

②I will do everything for my power to help you.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①been后加in　②for→in

(2)单句写作

①The party __________________ at the last election.

这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。

②The voters have once again shown their support for the party ____________.

选民再一次对执政党表示支持。

③I'm sorry, but it's ____________________ to do this.

对不起，这件事我也无能为力。

答案：①came to power　②in power　③beyond my power

in power 当权；执政(表状态)

take power 掌握政权(表动作)

beyond one's power 某人不能胜任；某人力所不能及

in one's power 某人有能力；某人力所能及

特别提醒

come to power与be in power都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用，后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。

1.[教材原句]Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy.

亚洲其他很多国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利，都种植水稻。(P32)

(1)单句语法填空

①It is reported that a space station ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.

②—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes. We ________ (treat) well by our hosts.

③The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project ________ (finish) by the students independently.

答案：①will be built　②were treated　③had been finished

(2)单句改错

①Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.

_________________________________________________________________

②A present was given by me on my birthday.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①去掉been　②by→to

(1)一些不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, rise, happen等。

(2)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在的品质或性能，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，常用主动形式表被动意义。常见的此类动词有：grow, write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。

2.[教材原句]But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.

但是并不是所有的人都想在战争中使用火箭。(P39)

(1)单句改错

All of the two brothers do not want to go to the party.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：All→Both  

(2)单句写作

①While online shopping has changed our life, __________ of its effects have been positive.

尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是它所产生的影响并不都是积极的。

②It's either me or her. You can't have it ____________.

要么我，要么她，你不可能两种方式兼得。

③______________ enjoys sports.

并不是任何人都喜欢体育运动。

④We know ________________ her family.

我们对她的家庭一无所知。

答案：①not all　②both ways　③Not everyone　④nothing about

(1)否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every, everyone, everything, everybody, both, all连用时，表示部分否定，也称半否定，意为“并非都是；不全是”。

(2)若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如：all—none(一个也没有；没有任何东西)，both—neither(两个都不)，every—no，everyone—no one/nobody, everything—nothing等。

3.[教材原句]The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.

这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭沿直线前进。(P39)

(1)单句语法填空

①He has a great sense of humour and always keeps his audiences ________ (amuse) with his stories.

②Police were sent out to keep the traffic  ________ (run) smoothly during the snowstorm.

答案：①amused　②running

(2)单句写作

①She licked the baby panda constantly to ____________________.

她不断地舔熊猫宝宝以便让它保持干净。

②Have an apple to ________________ till dinner time.

吃个苹果你就能挨到正餐时间了。

答案：①keep it clean　②keep you going

(1)keep sb./sth. doing sth. “让某人/某物一直做某事”

(2)keep＋宾语＋宾补

课文回练 升华运用

Yuan Longping is a __1__ (lead) figure in the rice­growing world. He was born and brought __2__ in China. When he was at school, he was interested in plants and was given the nickname “the student __3__ asks questions”. As a young teacher, he began doing experiments in crop breeding. He thought there was only one way __4__ (have) more rice quickly. That was to cross different species of rice plant.

Then he __5__ (begin) his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male and sterile. When the __6__ (natural) sterile male rice plant __7__ (discover) in 1970，it was __8__ breakthrough. As a result, China's rice __9__  (produce) rose by 47.5% in the 1990's. And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to __10__ (grow) vegetables and other cash crops.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　

6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.leading　2.up　3.who　4.to have　5.began　6.naturally　7.was discovered　8.a　9.production　10.growing