2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book4　Module4　GreatScientists

Book 4　Module 4　Great Scientists1．Stephen Hawking is_regarded to be one of the greatest scientists in the world as_a_result_of his scientific discoveries.史蒂芬·霍金因其科学发现被看成是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。2．Keep in mind that not_every_scientist is pessimistic about AI technology.记着不是每个科学家都对AI技术很悲观。3．The only thing that he wants to do now is  seek new perspectives on the nature of matter.现在他想做的唯一的事就是找到看待事物本质的新视角。4．China's leading agricultural scientist Yuan Longping was_presented_the_award_in recognition of his courage in independent thinking out of the norm in rice breeding.中国领先的农业科学家袁隆平获得此奖，以表彰他在稻米培育方面独树一帜、独立思考的勇气。 自主排查 夯基固本 Ⅰ　核心单词(1)producer (n.) 生产者→produce (vt.) 生产→production (n.) 产量；生产→productive (adj.) 多产的；富有创造性的(2)leading (adj.) 主要的→lead (vt.) 领导；引导→leader (n.) 领导；领袖(3)figure (n.) 人物(4)educate (vt.) 教育→educator (n.) 教育家；教育工作者→education (n.) 教育(5)publish (vt.) 出版(6)support (vt.& n．) 支持→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者(7)export (vt.) 出口→import (反义词) (vt.) 进口(8)replace (vt.) 取代；以……代替(9)quality (n.) 质量→quantity (形近词)  (n.) 数量(10)brief (adj.) 简短的；简洁的→briefly (adv.) 简短地；简洁地(11)physical (adj.) 身体的→physically (adv.) 身体上地(12)graduate (vi.) 毕业 (n.) 毕业生→graduation (n.) 毕业(13)escape (vi.) 逃跑；逃避(14)straight (adj.) 直的 (adv.) 笔直地；径直；立即；直率地Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)genetics (n.) 遗传学→gene (n.) 基因(2)staple  (adj.) 主要的；重要的(3)nickname (n.) 绰号(4)agriculture (n.) 农业→agricultural (adj.) 农业的(5)breeding (n.) 培育(6)species (n.) (动物或植物的)种(7)yield (n.) 产量(8)original (adj.) 原来的；最初的→origin (n.) 起源(9)breakthrough (n.) 突破(10)convert (vt.) 改变；转换(11)diagnose (vt.) 诊断(12)victim (n.) 受害者(13)brilliant (adj.) 聪颖的；才华横溢的(14)career (n.) 生涯；经历(15)partly (adv.) 部分地；在一定程度上→part (n.) 部分(16)relativity (n.) 相对论→relative (adj.) 相对的→relatively (adv.) 相对地(17)explosion (n.) 爆炸；爆炸声→explode (vi.) 爆炸　[单句语法填空]1.The oil companies have lost their power over oil price and oil  ________ (produce)．答案：production2．My sister plays the  ________ (lead) role in this film.答案：leading3．Just then a white­haired old woman entered,  ________ (support) by a girl. 答案：supported4．He dialed, and spoke  ________ (brief) to the duty officer.答案：briefly5．As ________ (graduate) day drew near, the students were all anxiously preparing for their final exams.答案：graduation6．The two officers were extremely lucky  ________ (escape) serious injury.答案：to escape7．The  ________ (physics) benefits of exercise can be divided into three factors.答案：physical8．He was hurt, and another player  ________ (replace) him. 答案：replaced9．The products are mainly  ________ (export) to Europe and some other countries.答案：exported10．More money should be spent on  ________ (educate) and housing. 答案：education1．专业名词集锦①genetics 遗传学②biology 生物学③botany 植物学④biochemistry 生物化学⑤zoology 动物学⑥ecology 生态学2．单复数同形名词小结①species(动物或植物的)种②deer 鹿③aircraft 飞机④spacecraft 太空船⑤series 系列⑥antelope 羚羊⑦means方法⑧sheep 绵羊3．带连字符的合成词集锦①best­seller 畅销书②color­blind 色盲的③first­class 头等的④heart­broken 伤心的⑤long­distance 长途的⑥peace­loving 热爱和平的⑦well­known 著名的⑧world­famous 世界文明的1．bring_up  培养；养育 2．the_key_to_doing_sth.  做某事的关键 3．experiment with ...   以……进行实验4．bring_in  引进；带来5．as_a_result_of  由于……的结果6．be known for  因……而出名/闻名7．be diagnosed with  被诊断为……病8．earn one's/a living  谋生9．come to power  掌权10．at war  处于交战状态　[选词填空]earn one's/a living,  the key to, come to power, bring up, as a result of, be diagnosed with1．I've ________ by looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks.答案：earned a/my living2．She has recently ________ a rare blood disease.答案：been diagnosed with3．Being happy is ________ a fun­filled life.答案：the key to4．He has lost all his friends ________ his foolish behaviour.答案：as a result of5．This is the place where the writer was born and ________.答案：brought up6．As soon as their party ________， they changed the law.答案：came to power1．to作为介词表示目的或对象关系的短语小结①the key to ... ……的关键②the solution to the problem 问题的解决方案③the entrance/exit to the building 大楼的入口/出口④the notes to the text 课文的注释⑤the key to the door 门的钥匙⑥the answer to the question 问题的答案⑦the reaction to the proposal 对提议的反应⑧the reply to the letter 对信件的回复2．“代替”小结①replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替某人/某物②replace ... with/by ...  用……代替/替换……③in place of 取代，替代(介词短语)④take one's place代替某人/某物课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer, he has become the voice of science.(P37)靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑说话，他已经成为了科学的代言人。本句中Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer是现在分词短语作方式状语。But later，people developed a way of printing, ______________ (利用石块).2.Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut? (P39)还是他被带入了数英里外的太空而成为世界上第一位宇航员了呢？句中becoming the world's first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种顺其自然、合乎情理的结果。He beat all the other players,  ______________________ (获得了一等奖).答案：1.using rocks　2.winning the first prize 直击重点 突破考点 1.support　vt.& n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养(P32) (1)单句语法填空①She needs a high income  ________ (support) such a big family.②People generously gave support  ________  the worthy cause.答案：①to support　②to(2)单句改错As a distinguished figure, she lent enough support young artists and composers. _________________________________________________________________答案：support后加to(3)单句写作①My parents always ________ in whatever I want to do.我的父母总是支持我想做的任何事情。②Only a few people spoke ________________ the proposal.只有几个人表示支持这一提议。答案：①support me　②in support of (1)support sb. in sth. 在某方面支持某人support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生(2)give/lend support to 支持in support of 支持；拥护2.quantity　n．数量(P33) (1)单句语法填空①I can ask him if he can give us a better price if we buy  ________  quantity.②The group of information technology talents should be strengthened  ________  quantity and quality.答案：①in　②in(2)单句写作①Great ____________ sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.大量的沙土被雨水冲下山坡。②______________________________________ been sold since the temperature is high.自从气温升高后，大量空调被售出。答案：①quantities of　②A large quantity of/Large quantities of air conditioners have (1)a large quantity of 大量的＝large quantities of 大量的；许多的a small quantity of 少量的(2)in quantity 大量地in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上特别提醒(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可以接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。(2)“a quantity of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词的单复数决定。(3)“quantities of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。3.escape　vi.& n．逃跑；逃避；逃脱；泄漏；渗出 (P39)(1)单句语法填空With the support of her friends, she  ________ (make) her escape through Austria and finally to the US.答案：made(2)单句改错I felt familiar but at that time his name escaped from me._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉from(3)单句写作①He ________________ prison this morning.他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。②It might have ________________________， but I'm very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。答案：①escaped from　②escaped your notice/attention (1)escape from ... 从……逃走escape doing sth. 逃避做某事escape one's attention/notice 未被某人注意sth. escape(s) sb. 某物被某人忘记；某事未被某人注意到(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生make one's escape 逃脱；逃走特别提醒escape用作及物动词时，表示逃避或躲避不愉快的事(监禁、管制、处罚等不幸或灾难)；用作不及物动词时，则指从监禁、管制或受罚等状态中逃脱或逃走，其后接介词from。注意下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison “越狱(指的是一直在监狱中服刑，但是从服刑中逃跑了)”；escape prison “逃过牢狱之灾(指的是根本就没有进监狱，幸运逃脱了)”。1.earn one's/a living 谋生(P37)(1)单句语法填空My brother earns his living  ________  selling books.答案：by(2)单句改错I think that's earned him for very high admiration._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉for(3)单句写作①You can't expect to ______________________ your painting.你不能指望画画来维持生计。②Chris will pay—he's ________________.克里斯会付款的，他在挣大钱。答案：①earn a living from　②earning a fortuneearn/make a/one's living by/from 靠……谋生earn (sb.) sth. 给……挣得……earn a fortune＝make a lot of money 赚大钱2.come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政 (P37)(1)单句改错①The party has been power for ten years._________________________________________________________________②I will do everything for my power to help you._________________________________________________________________答案：①been后加in　②for→in(2)单句写作①The party __________________ at the last election.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。②The voters have once again shown their support for the party ____________.选民再一次对执政党表示支持。③I'm sorry, but it's ____________________ to do this.对不起，这件事我也无能为力。答案：①came to power　②in power　③beyond my powerin power 当权；执政(表状态)take power 掌握政权(表动作)beyond one's power 某人不能胜任；某人力所不能及in one's power 某人有能力；某人力所能及特别提醒come to power与be in power都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用，后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。1.[教材原句]Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy.亚洲其他很多国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利，都种植水稻。(P32) (1)单句语法填空①It is reported that a space station ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.②—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes. We ________ (treat) well by our hosts.③The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project ________ (finish) by the students independently.答案：①will be built　②were treated　③had been finished(2)单句改错①Great changes have been taken place in my hometown._________________________________________________________________②A present was given by me on my birthday._________________________________________________________________答案：①去掉been　②by→to (1)一些不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, rise, happen等。(2)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在的品质或性能，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，常用主动形式表被动意义。常见的此类动词有：grow, write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。2.[教材原句]But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.但是并不是所有的人都想在战争中使用火箭。(P39) (1)单句改错All of the two brothers do not want to go to the party._________________________________________________________________答案：All→Both   (2)单句写作①While online shopping has changed our life, __________ of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是它所产生的影响并不都是积极的。②It's either me or her. You can't have it ____________.要么我，要么她，你不可能两种方式兼得。③______________ enjoys sports.并不是任何人都喜欢体育运动。④We know ________________ her family.我们对她的家庭一无所知。答案：①not all　②both ways　③Not everyone　④nothing about (1)否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every, everyone, everything, everybody, both, all连用时，表示部分否定，也称半否定，意为“并非都是；不全是”。(2)若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如：all—none(一个也没有；没有任何东西)，both—neither(两个都不)，every—no，everyone—no one/nobody, everything—nothing等。3.[教材原句]The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭沿直线前进。(P39) (1)单句语法填空①He has a great sense of humour and always keeps his audiences ________ (amuse) with his stories.②Police were sent out to keep the traffic  ________ (run) smoothly during the snowstorm.答案：①amused　②running(2)单句写作①She licked the baby panda constantly to ____________________.她不断地舔熊猫宝宝以便让它保持干净。②Have an apple to ________________ till dinner time.吃个苹果你就能挨到正餐时间了。答案：①keep it clean　②keep you going (1)keep sb./sth. doing sth. “让某人/某物一直做某事”(2)keep＋宾语＋宾补 课文回练 升华运用 Yuan Longping is a __1__ (lead) figure in the rice­growing world. He was born and brought __2__ in China. When he was at school, he was interested in plants and was given the nickname “the student __3__ asks questions”. As a young teacher, he began doing experiments in crop breeding. He thought there was only one way __4__ (have) more rice quickly. That was to cross different species of rice plant.Then he __5__ (begin) his search for a special type of rice plant. It had to be male and sterile. When the __6__ (natural) sterile male rice plant __7__ (discover) in 1970，it was __8__ breakthrough. As a result, China's rice __9__  (produce) rose by 47.5% in the 1990's. And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to __10__ (grow) vegetables and other cash crops.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.leading　2.up　3.who　4.to have　5.began　6.naturally　7.was discovered　8.a　9.production　10.growing