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2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：必修2Unit1Talesoftheunexplained
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三言
两语
1.With space technology developing so rapidly，we are sure to pay a visit to the moon some day.
2．Only by reading widely can we gain more knowledge and broaden our horizons.
3．My hobby offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile，it provides me with a source of pleasure.
1.我深信，我人生的10%是我身上发生了什么，而另外90%是我对此如何反应。
I'm convinced that 10% of my life is what_happens_to_me and 90% is how_I_react_to_it.
2．这次经历也让我懂得：只要我永不放弃并努力尝试，我就会成功。
This experience has also taught me that as_long_as_I_never_give_up_and_keep_trying，I will succeed.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．occur vi.发生
2．assume vt.假定；认为
3．link vt.& n．联系，关联
4．attack vt.& vi.& n．攻击；进攻
5．detective n．侦探
6．case n．案件；具体情况，实例
7．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
8．witness n．目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证
9．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础
10．aboard adv.& prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·天津卷) Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links (link) rather than a few strong ones.
2．(2019·北京卷) A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is_based (base) on trust and existing relationships.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred(occur) to me.
4．(2017·浙江卷)Italy，which has a much weaker tradition of immigration，has_witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
5．(2017·北京卷)Already this year,115 measles(麻疹) cases (case) have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year.
6．Like her mother，Irene was_awarded(award) a Nobel Prize，along with her husband，in 1935.
7．He doesn't seek advice，since he assumes(assume) nothing can be done.
拓展单词
1．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在
2．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；机构→organizer n．组织者
3．survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
4．construct vt.建筑→constructor n．建造者→construction n．施工；建筑物
5．puzzle vt.使困惑，使难解 n．谜，令人费解的事→puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
6．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
7．amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
8．possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→possibility n．可能性
9．strong adj.强壮的，有力的→strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固
10．agree v．同意→agreement n．同意→disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．意见不一；分歧
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)
2．Luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
3．The puzzled look on her face shows that she is puzzled about the puzzling question.(puzzle)
4．Many early history scholars tried to study the pyramids and tell how the construction was constructed.(construct)
5．We wonder if there is any possibility of the statistics to be analyzed as soon as possible.(possible)
6．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child went to college.(amaze)
7．If God doesn't exist，why did the concept of his existence become almost universal? (exist)
8．To make yourself strong or increase your strength，you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
9．A few people agreed to the plan of a lab building，while most people disagreed；as a result，no agreement was made finally.(agree)
10．Smith doesn't want to be involved in the organization of the conference，although his wife wishes him to be the organizer.(organize)
阅读单词
1．evidence n．证据
2．incident n．发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
3．creature n．动物；(具有某种特征的)人
4．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
5．astronomer n．天文学家
6．appropriate adj.适当的
7．ancestor n．祖先，祖宗
8．discount n．折扣
9．reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储备_
vt.预订；保留；储备
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.vt.抨击；批评
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.n.优势；长处
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.show_up 出现，现身
2．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
3．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
4.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
The other day our class made our way ①to a nearby park for relaxation.Entering the park，I ran ②into an old neighbour.He said he made an appointment with his friends to meet there，but they didn't show ③up.
5.pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接
6．so_far迄今为止
7．in_return 作为回报，作为报答
8．be_based_on 以……为基础
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
It's reported that the eightyearold boy has picked ④up five languages ⑤so far.He said his study was based ⑥on practice.We should make full use of every minute to practice and apply our language.Then we can master it in the shortest time ⑦in return.
9.due_to 由于，因为
10．take_charge_of 负责，掌管
11．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
12．look_into 调查
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Last week，due ⑧to the heavy rain，Li Lei's car knocked into a tree.When the police who took charge ⑨of the case looked ⑩into what happened then，Li Lei made ⑪up a story that there was a flash of light around his car when the accident occurred.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.“表语＋be＋主语”的完全倒装结构
Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
出席会议的是有着丰富教学经验的老师。
Present_at_the_meeting_are_teachers with a lot of teaching experience.
2.状语从句的省略
When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...
(2019·浙江卷)过多的表扬可能适得其反，而且，如果以一种不真诚的方式对孩子们给予表扬，会让他们害怕尝试新事物或不敢冒险……
Too much praise can backfire and，when/while_given_in_a_way that's insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk...
3.Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.“据说……”
The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·满分作文)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。
Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons.
1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
(1)puzzle n. 谜，令人费解的事 vt.使迷惑，使困惑
be a puzzle to...对……是个谜或难题
be in a puzzle about/over 对……迷惑不解
puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索某事
(2)be puzzled about/over 对……感到困惑
begin to get a bit puzzled 开始变得有点困惑
be puzzled how to do it不知如何做此事
be puzzled over the problem for hours长时间苦思这个问题
be in a puzzle as to what to do next不知道下一步该做什么
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.
②These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.
[能力提升]——一句多译
消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。
①The firemen were_puzzled_about the cause of the fire.(puzzled)
②The firemen were_in_a_puzzle_about the cause of the fire.(puzzle n．)
③What_puzzled_the_firemen was the cause of the fire.(puzzle v．)
[名师点津] 过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。
2．witness n．目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证
(1)witness sth.目击/亲眼看到/见证某事
witness to (doing) sth.作证证明(做)某事
(2)be a witness to sth.是某事的目击者
bear/give witness to 为……作证
a material witness in the case本案的重要目击证人
bear witness to his innocence 为他的清白作证
witness to her trustworthiness证明她是可以信赖的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She witnessed to having seen the man near the scene of the crime.
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
[能力提升]——一句多译
警方希望任何目击这起事故的人都能给他们打电话。
①The police would like anyone who_witnessed_the_accident to call them. (witness v．)
②The police would like anyone who_was_a_witness_to_the_accident to call them.(witness n．)
③The police would like anyone witnessing_the_accident to call them.(用现在分词作定语)
[名师点津] see，witness，find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事 。这是一种拟人修辞法。
3．assume vt.假定；认为
(1)assume that...设想/认为……
assume sb./sth.to be...认为某人/某物是……
it's assumed that...人们普遍认为……
(2)assuming that...假设/假定……
(3)assumption n. 假定，设想
on the assumption that...假定……
assume this to be true 假定这是真的
assume that this situation will continue认为这种情况将持续下去
assume an expression of regret装出后悔的样子
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is_assumed(assume) that stress is caused by too much work.
②(2019·江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption(assume) that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors' centers.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)If you are interested in it，please send an email to 123456@ sina.com.
(高级表达)Assuming_(that)_you_are_interested_in_it，please send an email to 123456@sina.com.
②(普通表达) We assume that he is an honest boy.
(高级表达)We assume him_to_be an honest boy.
[名师点津] 有些词看上去是现在分词或过去分词，其实用作介词或连词。常见的有：supposing conj.假设；如果；provided/providing conj.假设；如果；given prep.鉴于；考虑到；considering prep.& conj.鉴于；考虑到；concerning prep.关于。
4．occur vi.发生
(1)sth.occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事
it occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……
it occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想到要做某事
(2)occurrence n．发生；事件；出现
if anything should occur如果发生什么事情的话
occur at about 3：30 p．m.发生在下午3点30分左右
be of frequent/rare occurrence是常/少有的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
②It never occurred to her to_ask(ask) for help when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
①(高级表达)When I got home，it_occurred_to_me_that I had left my book in the classroom.(occur)
②(高级表达)When I got home，it_struck/hit_me_that I had left my book in the classroom.(strike/hit)
[名师点津] 表示“某人想起……”的短语还有：①sth.strike/hit sb.②sb.hit/strike on sth.③sth.come to sb.④sth.come into one's mind等。
5．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon...以……为基础；依据……
(2)basis n．基础；基准，准则
(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的
have a broad base of support得到广泛支持
set up a new base in the north在北方设立新的基地
be based on solid facts基于确凿的事实
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Stars apparently do not follow this basic(base) principle of sportsmanship.
②Basing(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right.
(高级表达)Based_on_trust，the restaurant is working all right.(用过去分词作状语)
6．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
(1)award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.把某物颁发给/判给某人
award sb.sth.for...因……而奖励某人某物
(2)win/receive/get an award for...因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
give an award of $900 to each of the winners给予每位获胜者900美元奖励
award John the first prize授予约翰一等奖
receive an award for his lifetime of work as a director 获得导演终生成就奖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The Nobel Prize is awarded to those who make great contributions in many fields every year.
②She won an award for her outstanding performance.
③She was_awarded(award) a gold medal for her outstanding service to the public.
[能力提升]——一句多译
主席给她颁发了金牌。
①The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal.
②The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to her.
[名师点津] 要表示多少奖金，通常用“an award of＋钱数”。
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信
(1)convince sb.that...使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
(2)be convinced of...确信……；相信……
be convinced that...确信……；相信……
it is convinced that...人们相信……
convince sb.by sound arguments以理服人
convince him that he is nothing 使他相信自己并非什么大人物
convince the students of the need for wider reading 让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性
be convinced of her innocence确信她是无辜的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I wanted to know what convinced you to_vote(vote) for him?
②But we failed to convince him of his mistake.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达) He is convinced of the truth of the report.
(高级表达)He is convinced that the_report_is_true.
②(普通表达)He was convinced of its truth，and he felt pleased.
(高级表达)Convinced_of_its_truth，he felt pleased.(用过去分词作状语)
8．survive vi.& vt.生存，挺过(难关)
survive sth.幸免于，在……中幸存下来
survive on 靠……生存下来
survive from 从……留存下来；流传下来
A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(几年)
survive through two world wars经历了两次世界大战而幸存
survive on roots and berries 靠吃树根和浆果维持生命
poor people struggling to survive 为生存而挣扎着的穷人
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
②I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
[能力提升]——完成句子
据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
It's said that the woman survived_her_husband_by 10 years.
9．show up 出现，现身
(1)show off 炫耀，卖弄
show sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去
show sb.around/round 领某人参观
(2)be on show 在展览，陈列
show up his weak points in physics显现出他在物理方面的弱点
show his parents up rather badly 给他父母丢尽了脸
show off his abilities 卖弄他的才能
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car—he usually walks.
②Mr.Green is on his way here.Please show him in as soon as he arrives.
[能力提升]——完成句子
我们商量好在体育馆见面，但Larry没有来。
We had agreed to meet at the gym，but Larry didn't_show_up.
10．make up 编造，杜撰；构成
make up for (用其他方式)弥补；补偿
be made up of(＝consist of＝be composed of) 由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出；理解，明白；开(写)支票
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功；约定时间
make up stories to amuse his little brother 编故事逗他的小弟弟
make up what you lack in your diet 补充你食物中所缺乏的营养
make up to you for what you've suffered 补偿你所遭受的损害
make out what he is saying 理解他在说什么
[基础练习]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①He made up an excuse to explain why he was late.编造
②As far as I know，boys make up 40% of your class.组成；占据
③Now many girls like making up when they are still quite young.化妆
④After they quarreled many times，it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上
[能力提升]——完成句子
五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。
Five people make_up the team; in other words，the team is_made_up_of/consists _of/is_composed_of five people.
11．look into调查
look to 照管；留心；指望
look on 旁观；观看
look out 留神；朝外看
look after 照顾；照看
look back (on) 回顾；追忆
Look into the box朝箱子里面看
look into the matter till the truth is out 调查那件事直至真相大白
look into how to reduce unemployment 研究如何降低失业率
look to you to support me in this matter 在这件事上我要靠你支持
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She has always looked to her parents for advice.
②When I look back on my childhood I wonder how I managed to survive at all.
[能力提升]——完成句子
你的诉讼正在调查之中。如果有事需要通知，我们会给你写信的。
Your complaint is_being_looked_into.When we have anything to report，we will write to you.
12．(教材P2) Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
[句型公式] 该句为完全倒装句，其结构为“现在分词＋地点状语＋be＋主语”。正常语序是：Lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes were standing inside.。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，out，off等放在句首，且主语是名词，谓语通常是be，lie，sit，stand，come，go，exist，live等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
[金句推送] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·写作佳句)Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster，teachers，students and some of the students' parents.
观看电影的有校长、老师、学生和一些学生的家长。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Buried(bury) in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.
②Once upon a time there lived(live) a doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)At noon they got to a hill，and a temple，dating back to hundreds of years ago，stood on its top.
(高级表达)At noon they got to a hill，on_top_of_which_stood_a_temple，dating back to hundreds of years ago.(用定语从句且倒装)
13．(教材P3) When_asked_about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆·彼得森……
[句型公式] 句中When asked about...为时间状语从句When he was asked about...的省略形式。其构成形式为“连词＋名词、形容词、过去分词、现在分词、不定式等 ”。
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有动词be时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)当从句中含有it＋be时，可将it和be省略。
(3)掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if not如果不这样的话。
[金句推送] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Though surprised(surprise) to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
②I struggle for words when asking(ask) a sudden question.
③It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If so，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)You should stay where you are，unless you are asked to leave.
(高级表达)You should stay where you are，unless asked_to_leave.(省略形式)
14．(教材P18) The_Yeti_is_said_to_be_a_large，hairy_animal that walks on two feet like a human being.据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两只脚行走。
[句型公式] 本句中用了“主语＋be said to do sth.”句型。该句型可与“It is said that＋主语．..”结构互换，意为“据说……，人们说……”。
(1)be said to do sth.“据说……”，可与It is said that.../People say that...进行句型转换。
(2)有上述用法的动词有：believe，expect，report，consider，know，suppose，judge，agree，prove等，其中不定式根据句子意思可有一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)三种形式。
[金句推送] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China.
在中国，早到朋友的家被认为是有礼貌的。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is said to_be_studying(study) abroad，but I don't know which country he is studying in.
②Mo Yan's novels are reported to_have_been_translated (translate) into many different languages so far.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)People say that Jack Ma possesses a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
①(高级表达)It_is_said_that Jack Ma possesses a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
②(高级表达)Jack Ma is_said_to_possess a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．When I asked what she thought of the poem，she said it was indeed puzzling (puzzle)．
2．The old scientist was_awarded(award) for his contributions to his country last week.
3．Suddenly a good idea occurred(occur) to her，but she didn't know how to speak it out.
4．Seated(seat) on the ground was a girl playing the guitar.
5．This allows them to respond more appropriately (appropriate) to the user.
6．Many a new house is_reported(report) to have been built in the disaster area.
7．Luckily she was not badly injured (injure) and we sent her to the nearest hospital.
8．A working party has been set up to_look(look)into the problem.
9．Marriages based (base) on money rather than love are bound to end in divorce sooner or later.
10．There was a car crash yesterday，and of the six people injured，only two survived(survive)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It was assumed that all humankind could do was adapt to the rapidly changing conditions.
2．Let me，as a witness，tell them what happened so that they will not be wrongly informed.
3．I plan to organize an outing this weekend and I would be very pleased if you can show up on time.
4．You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.
5．People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．Some strange ideas existed in his mind.
2．The gap year is flexible in length (long)．
3．I attended a small club belonging (belong) to the local community.
4．Police are investigating the disappearance(disappear)of a young woman.
5．The exercises are designed to_strengthen (strengthen) your stomach muscles.
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①世界上存在着很多令人困惑的和令人惊奇的现象。
Many puzzling_and_amazing phenomena exist_in_the_world.
②这些现象无法用现在的科学来解释。
These phenomena cannot_be_explained by today's science.
③最近几年，有些人说他们目睹了类似UFO的东西。
In recent years，some people say that they have_witnessed something similar to UFO.
④人们相信有外太空生物存在的可能性。
People are_convinced that there_is_possibility_of_the_existence of outer space creatures.
⑤这需要科学家们进一步地仔细观察这些现象并做出调查。
It needs scientists to_observe_these_phenomena carefully and look_into_them.
2．升级平淡句
(1)先利用完全倒装句升级1中的句①，再利用限制性定语从句合并1中的句①②
There_exist_many_puzzling_and_amazing_phenomena_in_the_world_which/that_cannot_be_explained_by_today's_science.
(2)先利用be said to do...升级1中的句③，再利用连词so合并1中的句③④
In_recent_years，some_people_are_said_to_have_witnessed_something_similar_ to_UFO，so_people_are_convinced_that_there_is_possibility_of_the_existence_of_ outer_space_creatures.
3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however)
There exist many puzzling and amazing phenomena in the world which/that cannot be explained by today's science.In recent years，some people are said to have witnessed something similar to UFO，so people are convinced that there is possibility of the existence of outer space creatures.However，it needs scientists to observe these phenomena carefully and look into them.
三言
两语
1.With space technology developing so rapidly，we are sure to pay a visit to the moon some day.
2．Only by reading widely can we gain more knowledge and broaden our horizons.
3．My hobby offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative.Meanwhile，it provides me with a source of pleasure.
1.我深信，我人生的10%是我身上发生了什么，而另外90%是我对此如何反应。
I'm convinced that 10% of my life is what_happens_to_me and 90% is how_I_react_to_it.
2．这次经历也让我懂得：只要我永不放弃并努力尝试，我就会成功。
This experience has also taught me that as_long_as_I_never_give_up_and_keep_trying，I will succeed.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．occur vi.发生
2．assume vt.假定；认为
3．link vt.& n．联系，关联
4．attack vt.& vi.& n．攻击；进攻
5．detective n．侦探
6．case n．案件；具体情况，实例
7．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
8．witness n．目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证
9．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础
10．aboard adv.& prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等)
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·天津卷) Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links (link) rather than a few strong ones.
2．(2019·北京卷) A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is_based (base) on trust and existing relationships.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred(occur) to me.
4．(2017·浙江卷)Italy，which has a much weaker tradition of immigration，has_witnessed (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
5．(2017·北京卷)Already this year,115 measles(麻疹) cases (case) have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year.
6．Like her mother，Irene was_awarded(award) a Nobel Prize，along with her husband，in 1935.
7．He doesn't seek advice，since he assumes(assume) nothing can be done.
拓展单词
1．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在
2．organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；机构→organizer n．组织者
3．survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者
4．construct vt.建筑→constructor n．建造者→construction n．施工；建筑物
5．puzzle vt.使困惑，使难解 n．谜，令人费解的事→puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzling adj.令人困惑不解的
6．convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感到信服的
7．amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amazement n．惊异，惊奇
8．possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→possibility n．可能性
9．strong adj.强壮的，有力的→strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固
10．agree v．同意→agreement n．同意→disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．意见不一；分歧
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)
2．Luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive)
3．The puzzled look on her face shows that she is puzzled about the puzzling question.(puzzle)
4．Many early history scholars tried to study the pyramids and tell how the construction was constructed.(construct)
5．We wonder if there is any possibility of the statistics to be analyzed as soon as possible.(possible)
6．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child went to college.(amaze)
7．If God doesn't exist，why did the concept of his existence become almost universal? (exist)
8．To make yourself strong or increase your strength，you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong)
9．A few people agreed to the plan of a lab building，while most people disagreed；as a result，no agreement was made finally.(agree)
10．Smith doesn't want to be involved in the organization of the conference，although his wife wishes him to be the organizer.(organize)
阅读单词
1．evidence n．证据
2．incident n．发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)
3．creature n．动物；(具有某种特征的)人
4．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的
5．astronomer n．天文学家
6．appropriate adj.适当的
7．ancestor n．祖先，祖宗
8．discount n．折扣
9．reserve n．(动植物)保护区；储备_
vt.预订；保留；储备
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.vt.抨击；批评
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.n.优势；长处
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.show_up 出现，现身
2．step_up 加紧，加强，促进
3．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去
4.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
The other day our class made our way ①to a nearby park for relaxation.Entering the park，I ran ②into an old neighbour.He said he made an appointment with his friends to meet there，but they didn't show ③up.
5.pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会；接收；用车接
6．so_far迄今为止
7．in_return 作为回报，作为报答
8．be_based_on 以……为基础
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
It's reported that the eightyearold boy has picked ④up five languages ⑤so far.He said his study was based ⑥on practice.We should make full use of every minute to practice and apply our language.Then we can master it in the shortest time ⑦in return.
9.due_to 由于，因为
10．take_charge_of 负责，掌管
11．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成
12．look_into 调查
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Last week，due ⑧to the heavy rain，Li Lei's car knocked into a tree.When the police who took charge ⑨of the case looked ⑩into what happened then，Li Lei made ⑪up a story that there was a flash of light around his car when the accident occurred.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.“表语＋be＋主语”的完全倒装结构
Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
出席会议的是有着丰富教学经验的老师。
Present_at_the_meeting_are_teachers with a lot of teaching experience.
2.状语从句的省略
When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...
(2019·浙江卷)过多的表扬可能适得其反，而且，如果以一种不真诚的方式对孩子们给予表扬，会让他们害怕尝试新事物或不敢冒险……
Too much praise can backfire and，when/while_given_in_a_way that's insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk...
3.Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.“据说……”
The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·满分作文)据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。
Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons.
1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的
(1)puzzle n. 谜，令人费解的事 vt.使迷惑，使困惑
be a puzzle to...对……是个谜或难题
be in a puzzle about/over 对……迷惑不解
puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索某事
(2)be puzzled about/over 对……感到困惑
begin to get a bit puzzled 开始变得有点困惑
be puzzled how to do it不知如何做此事
be puzzled over the problem for hours长时间苦思这个问题
be in a puzzle as to what to do next不知道下一步该做什么
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.
②These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.
[能力提升]——一句多译
消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。
①The firemen were_puzzled_about the cause of the fire.(puzzled)
②The firemen were_in_a_puzzle_about the cause of the fire.(puzzle n．)
③What_puzzled_the_firemen was the cause of the fire.(puzzle v．)
[名师点津] 过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。
2．witness n．目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证
(1)witness sth.目击/亲眼看到/见证某事
witness to (doing) sth.作证证明(做)某事
(2)be a witness to sth.是某事的目击者
bear/give witness to 为……作证
a material witness in the case本案的重要目击证人
bear witness to his innocence 为他的清白作证
witness to her trustworthiness证明她是可以信赖的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She witnessed to having seen the man near the scene of the crime.
②His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
[能力提升]——一句多译
警方希望任何目击这起事故的人都能给他们打电话。
①The police would like anyone who_witnessed_the_accident to call them. (witness v．)
②The police would like anyone who_was_a_witness_to_the_accident to call them.(witness n．)
③The police would like anyone witnessing_the_accident to call them.(用现在分词作定语)
[名师点津] see，witness，find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事 。这是一种拟人修辞法。
3．assume vt.假定；认为
(1)assume that...设想/认为……
assume sb./sth.to be...认为某人/某物是……
it's assumed that...人们普遍认为……
(2)assuming that...假设/假定……
(3)assumption n. 假定，设想
on the assumption that...假定……
assume this to be true 假定这是真的
assume that this situation will continue认为这种情况将持续下去
assume an expression of regret装出后悔的样子
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is_assumed(assume) that stress is caused by too much work.
②(2019·江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption(assume) that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors' centers.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)If you are interested in it，please send an email to 123456@ sina.com.
(高级表达)Assuming_(that)_you_are_interested_in_it，please send an email to 123456@sina.com.
②(普通表达) We assume that he is an honest boy.
(高级表达)We assume him_to_be an honest boy.
[名师点津] 有些词看上去是现在分词或过去分词，其实用作介词或连词。常见的有：supposing conj.假设；如果；provided/providing conj.假设；如果；given prep.鉴于；考虑到；considering prep.& conj.鉴于；考虑到；concerning prep.关于。
4．occur vi.发生
(1)sth.occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事
it occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……
it occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想到要做某事
(2)occurrence n．发生；事件；出现
if anything should occur如果发生什么事情的话
occur at about 3：30 p．m.发生在下午3点30分左右
be of frequent/rare occurrence是常/少有的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
②It never occurred to her to_ask(ask) for help when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
①(高级表达)When I got home，it_occurred_to_me_that I had left my book in the classroom.(occur)
②(高级表达)When I got home，it_struck/hit_me_that I had left my book in the classroom.(strike/hit)
[名师点津] 表示“某人想起……”的短语还有：①sth.strike/hit sb.②sb.hit/strike on sth.③sth.come to sb.④sth.come into one's mind等。
5．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon...以……为基础；依据……
(2)basis n．基础；基准，准则
(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的
have a broad base of support得到广泛支持
set up a new base in the north在北方设立新的基地
be based on solid facts基于确凿的事实
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Stars apparently do not follow this basic(base) principle of sportsmanship.
②Basing(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right.
(高级表达)Based_on_trust，the restaurant is working all right.(用过去分词作状语)
6．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励
(1)award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.把某物颁发给/判给某人
award sb.sth.for...因……而奖励某人某物
(2)win/receive/get an award for...因……而赢得/得到/获得奖项
give an award of $900 to each of the winners给予每位获胜者900美元奖励
award John the first prize授予约翰一等奖
receive an award for his lifetime of work as a director 获得导演终生成就奖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The Nobel Prize is awarded to those who make great contributions in many fields every year.
②She won an award for her outstanding performance.
③She was_awarded(award) a gold medal for her outstanding service to the public.
[能力提升]——一句多译
主席给她颁发了金牌。
①The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal.
②The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to her.
[名师点津] 要表示多少奖金，通常用“an award of＋钱数”。
7．convince vt.使确信，使相信
(1)convince sb.that...使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
(2)be convinced of...确信……；相信……
be convinced that...确信……；相信……
it is convinced that...人们相信……
convince sb.by sound arguments以理服人
convince him that he is nothing 使他相信自己并非什么大人物
convince the students of the need for wider reading 让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性
be convinced of her innocence确信她是无辜的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I wanted to know what convinced you to_vote(vote) for him?
②But we failed to convince him of his mistake.
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达) He is convinced of the truth of the report.
(高级表达)He is convinced that the_report_is_true.
②(普通表达)He was convinced of its truth，and he felt pleased.
(高级表达)Convinced_of_its_truth，he felt pleased.(用过去分词作状语)
8．survive vi.& vt.生存，挺过(难关)
survive sth.幸免于，在……中幸存下来
survive on 靠……生存下来
survive from 从……留存下来；流传下来
A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(几年)
survive through two world wars经历了两次世界大战而幸存
survive on roots and berries 靠吃树根和浆果维持生命
poor people struggling to survive 为生存而挣扎着的穷人
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
②I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
[能力提升]——完成句子
据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了10年。
It's said that the woman survived_her_husband_by 10 years.
9．show up 出现，现身
(1)show off 炫耀，卖弄
show sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去
show sb.around/round 领某人参观
(2)be on show 在展览，陈列
show up his weak points in physics显现出他在物理方面的弱点
show his parents up rather badly 给他父母丢尽了脸
show off his abilities 卖弄他的才能
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car—he usually walks.
②Mr.Green is on his way here.Please show him in as soon as he arrives.
[能力提升]——完成句子
我们商量好在体育馆见面，但Larry没有来。
We had agreed to meet at the gym，but Larry didn't_show_up.
10．make up 编造，杜撰；构成
make up for (用其他方式)弥补；补偿
be made up of(＝consist of＝be composed of) 由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出；理解，明白；开(写)支票
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功；约定时间
make up stories to amuse his little brother 编故事逗他的小弟弟
make up what you lack in your diet 补充你食物中所缺乏的营养
make up to you for what you've suffered 补偿你所遭受的损害
make out what he is saying 理解他在说什么
[基础练习]——写出下列句中make up的含义
①He made up an excuse to explain why he was late.编造
②As far as I know，boys make up 40% of your class.组成；占据
③Now many girls like making up when they are still quite young.化妆
④After they quarreled many times，it's hard for them to make up.和好
⑤Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上
[能力提升]——完成句子
五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。
Five people make_up the team; in other words，the team is_made_up_of/consists _of/is_composed_of five people.
11．look into调查
look to 照管；留心；指望
look on 旁观；观看
look out 留神；朝外看
look after 照顾；照看
look back (on) 回顾；追忆
Look into the box朝箱子里面看
look into the matter till the truth is out 调查那件事直至真相大白
look into how to reduce unemployment 研究如何降低失业率
look to you to support me in this matter 在这件事上我要靠你支持
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She has always looked to her parents for advice.
②When I look back on my childhood I wonder how I managed to survive at all.
[能力提升]——完成句子
你的诉讼正在调查之中。如果有事需要通知，我们会给你写信的。
Your complaint is_being_looked_into.When we have anything to report，we will write to you.
12．(教材P2) Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
[句型公式] 该句为完全倒装句，其结构为“现在分词＋地点状语＋be＋主语”。正常语序是：Lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes were standing inside.。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，out，off等放在句首，且主语是名词，谓语通常是be，lie，sit，stand，come，go，exist，live等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
[金句推送] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·写作佳句)Present at the movie watching were the school headmaster，teachers，students and some of the students' parents.
观看电影的有校长、老师、学生和一些学生的家长。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Buried(bury) in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.
②Once upon a time there lived(live) a doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)At noon they got to a hill，and a temple，dating back to hundreds of years ago，stood on its top.
(高级表达)At noon they got to a hill，on_top_of_which_stood_a_temple，dating back to hundreds of years ago.(用定语从句且倒装)
13．(教材P3) When_asked_about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆·彼得森……
[句型公式] 句中When asked about...为时间状语从句When he was asked about...的省略形式。其构成形式为“连词＋名词、形容词、过去分词、现在分词、不定式等 ”。
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有动词be时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)当从句中含有it＋be时，可将it和be省略。
(3)掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if not如果不这样的话。
[金句推送] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Though surprised(surprise) to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
②I struggle for words when asking(ask) a sudden question.
③It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.If so，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)You should stay where you are，unless you are asked to leave.
(高级表达)You should stay where you are，unless asked_to_leave.(省略形式)
14．(教材P18) The_Yeti_is_said_to_be_a_large，hairy_animal that walks on two feet like a human being.据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两只脚行走。
[句型公式] 本句中用了“主语＋be said to do sth.”句型。该句型可与“It is said that＋主语．..”结构互换，意为“据说……，人们说……”。
(1)be said to do sth.“据说……”，可与It is said that.../People say that...进行句型转换。
(2)有上述用法的动词有：believe，expect，report，consider，know，suppose，judge，agree，prove等，其中不定式根据句子意思可有一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)三种形式。
[金句推送] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)Arriving at your friend's home early is believed to be polite in China.
在中国，早到朋友的家被认为是有礼貌的。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is said to_be_studying(study) abroad，but I don't know which country he is studying in.
②Mo Yan's novels are reported to_have_been_translated (translate) into many different languages so far.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)People say that Jack Ma possesses a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
①(高级表达)It_is_said_that Jack Ma possesses a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
②(高级表达)Jack Ma is_said_to_possess a fortune of more than 30 billion dollars.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．When I asked what she thought of the poem，she said it was indeed puzzling (puzzle)．
2．The old scientist was_awarded(award) for his contributions to his country last week.
3．Suddenly a good idea occurred(occur) to her，but she didn't know how to speak it out.
4．Seated(seat) on the ground was a girl playing the guitar.
5．This allows them to respond more appropriately (appropriate) to the user.
6．Many a new house is_reported(report) to have been built in the disaster area.
7．Luckily she was not badly injured (injure) and we sent her to the nearest hospital.
8．A working party has been set up to_look(look)into the problem.
9．Marriages based (base) on money rather than love are bound to end in divorce sooner or later.
10．There was a car crash yesterday，and of the six people injured，only two survived(survive)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It was assumed that all humankind could do was adapt to the rapidly changing conditions.
2．Let me，as a witness，tell them what happened so that they will not be wrongly informed.
3．I plan to organize an outing this weekend and I would be very pleased if you can show up on time.
4．You need to convince the interviewers of your ability to do the job well.
5．People who survived from earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．Some strange ideas existed in his mind.
2．The gap year is flexible in length (long)．
3．I attended a small club belonging (belong) to the local community.
4．Police are investigating the disappearance(disappear)of a young woman.
5．The exercises are designed to_strengthen (strengthen) your stomach muscles.
维度4——话题写作
1．补全要点句 (加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①世界上存在着很多令人困惑的和令人惊奇的现象。
Many puzzling_and_amazing phenomena exist_in_the_world.
②这些现象无法用现在的科学来解释。
These phenomena cannot_be_explained by today's science.
③最近几年，有些人说他们目睹了类似UFO的东西。
In recent years，some people say that they have_witnessed something similar to UFO.
④人们相信有外太空生物存在的可能性。
People are_convinced that there_is_possibility_of_the_existence of outer space creatures.
⑤这需要科学家们进一步地仔细观察这些现象并做出调查。
It needs scientists to_observe_these_phenomena carefully and look_into_them.
2．升级平淡句
(1)先利用完全倒装句升级1中的句①，再利用限制性定语从句合并1中的句①②
There_exist_many_puzzling_and_amazing_phenomena_in_the_world_which/that_cannot_be_explained_by_today's_science.
(2)先利用be said to do...升级1中的句③，再利用连词so合并1中的句③④
In_recent_years，some_people_are_said_to_have_witnessed_something_similar_ to_UFO，so_people_are_convinced_that_there_is_possibility_of_the_existence_of_ outer_space_creatures.
3．衔接成美文 (注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however)
There exist many puzzling and amazing phenomena in the world which/that cannot be explained by today's science.In recent years，some people are said to have witnessed something similar to UFO，so people are convinced that there is possibility of the existence of outer space creatures.However，it needs scientists to observe these phenomena carefully and look into them.
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