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A
[2024浙江名校协作体联考]Gladys West， the mathematician， was brn in 1930 in Virginia and had t help harvest crps n her family’s farm. The hard wrk started befre daybreak and lasted well int the blistering heat f the afternn. T get ut f there， she was ging t get an educatin.
Her parents tried t save sme mney t send her t cllege， but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund. Then a teacher annunced that the state was ging t give a cllege schlarship t the tw tp students frm her grade. Finally， West gt the schlarship， allwing her t attend Virginia State Cllege （nw Virginia State University）， a histrically black university.
West decided t majr in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men， but she didn’t take much ntice f it as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way. After graduating， she became a teacher. A few years later， she returned t the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. Then she was ffered a jb at a naval base in Dahlgren，Virginia. This made her nly the secnd black wman t be hired t wrk as a prgrammer at the base.
Despite her intellectual abilities and career success， West felt she was inferir. It was this feeling， deeply rted and felt by many African Americans， that drve her t wrk as hard as she culd. West determined t cmmit herself t her wrk， hping that by ding it t the best f her ability， she culd get recgnitin fr her wrk.
West did just that. In 1978， she became prject manager fr the Seasat prject， the first satellite that culd mnitr the ceans. She prgrammed an IBM 7030 "Stretch" cmputer， prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earth mdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit. In 1998， aged 68， she intended t fcus n her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduatin thesis and gained her PhD in public administratin and plicy affairs in 2000 at the age f 70.
本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家Gladys West的故事。她幼年家境贫困，上大学时主修数学，毕业后担任教师，后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力，她成为项目经理，70岁时获得了博士学位。
【词语积累】 prgrammer n.（计算机）程序员
intellectual adj.智力的；有才智的
cmmit neself t致力于
accurate adj.准确的，精确的
1.What was the decisive factr t enable Gladys West t g t the university？
A. Her teacher’s aiding her.
B. Her parents’ paying the expenses.
C. Her family backgrund.
D. The schlarship frm the gvernment.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段的"Then a teacher annunced her grade"可知，政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。结合该段下文内容可知，她获得了奖学金，进入了大学。据此可知，是政府提供的奖学金促成了她读大学，故D项正确。
2.What can we infer frm the text？
A. West gt all her degrees after retirement.
B. Men dminated the maths field in West’s days.
C. Black wmen scientists’ talent was fully appreciated.
D. When she began t wrk， West felt she was superir t thers.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段的"It was largely studied by men"可知，在那个年代，数学主要是由男性研究的；据此可以推知，在West那个年代，男性在数学领域占主导地位，故选B项。
3.What des the underlined phrase "a building blck" in paragraph 5 mean？
A. A basic part.B. A detailed map.
C. A building material.D. A majr bstacle.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由语境可知，画线短语所在句表示"这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础"，故画线短语的意思应为"基础组成部分，构成要素"，所以A项切题。
4.What kind f persn was Gladys West？
A. Helpful and serius.
B. Hnest and hardwrking.
C. Ambitius and cmmitted.
D. Cnsiderate and devted.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段描述可知，Gladys West自小在家从事艰苦劳动，为了离开家，她决定上学；由第三段内容可知，她决定学数学，虽然该领域内男性居多，但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知，她是一位有抱负的人。由第四段的"It was this as hard as she culd"可知，她是一位对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知，C项正确。
B
[2023河南郑州一测]French writer Annie Ernaux wn the 2022 Nbel Prize in Literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer t have wn the prize. In the wrds f the Nbel cmmittee， Ernaux was given the award "fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）" f her writing.
Having spent ver 5 decades as a writer， the 83-year-ld winner has published mre than 20 bks t her name，including CleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a 2008 memir（回忆录） called TheYearsandAGirl’sStry（2020）.
Rather than cnsider herself a writer f fictin， Ernaux has used the term "an ethnlgist（社会人类学家） f herself" t describe herself.
Brn in 1940 in a rural village in Nrmandy， France， Ernaux grew up in a wrking-class envirnment as her parents ran a cmbined grcery stre and café. She wrked as a teacher befre becming a full-time writer.
Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer：TheSecndSex by Simne de Beauvir and Distinctin by Pierre Burdieu. The frmer led her t write abut feminism（女权主义）， and the latter raised her awareness f the huge gap between her and the envirnment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences， her "upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd"als inspire many f her wrks， nted the scial media. Fr example， the bk Shame explres the theme f childhd trauma（精神创伤） while AGirl’sStry fllws a yung wman’s cming f age in the 1950s.
Thugh the matters Ernaux describes in her bks are serius and even smetimes heavy， they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as"flat writing"thrugh which she aims t tell her stries bjectively. "Her style is unshaped by flrid（过多修饰的） descriptin r verwhelming emtins，" nted Fx News.
"She writes abut things that n ne else writes abut， fr instance her jealusy（嫉妒）， her experiences as an abandned lver and s n， I mean， really hard experiences，" Anders Olssn， chairman f the Nbel literature cmmittee， said after the award annuncement in Stckhlm. He went n t say， "She gives wrds fr these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are shrt bks， but they are really mving."
2022年诺贝尔文学奖颁给了Annie Ernaux，她是第一位赢得这个奖项的法国女作家。
【词语积累】 inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发思考
bjectively adv.客观地
descriptin n. 描写（文字），形容，说明
1. What can be learned abut Annie Ernaux frm the passage？
A. She described herself as a science fictin writer.
B. She started with a full-time writer befre being a teacher.
C. She is cnsidered t be the first French persn t have wn the prize.
D. She was awarded fr the bravery and bservatin shwn in her writing.
解析 D 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"In the wrds...‘fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）’ f her writing"可知，D项正确。
2. What inspired Annie Ernaux t write her wrks？
A. Her hardships f life.
B. Her teaching career.
C. Her persnal experiences.
D. Her wrking-class backgrund.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer"和"Besides her reading influences， her ‘upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd’"可知，Annie Ernaux写作主要受到两个方面的影响：一是她读过的书，二是她的教养和个人经历，故C项正确。
3. Which wrds best describe Annie Ernaux’s writing style？
A. Serius and sharp.
B. Plain and bjective.
C. Light and humrus.
D. Elegant and descriptive.
解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第六段中的"Ernaux described her style as ‘flat writing’ "可知，B项正确。
4. What can be the best title fr this passage？
A. A Wman Telling Her Own Stries
B. A Teacher Becming a Full-time Writer
C. A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D. A French Female Fighting fr Wmen’s Rights
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Annie Ernaux通过平淡地、客观地、勇敢地在作品中讲述自己的经历从而获得诺贝尔文学奖的事情。故A项（一个讲述她自己故事的女士）最适合做本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023江苏四校期中联考]In memry f Marie Curie n her birthday n Saturday， the fficial website f the Nbel Prize psted a phtgraph f her ntebk saying. "Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk. Even tday her labratry ntebk frm 1899 t 1902， is 1 and will be fr 1，500 years."
The tales f Marie and ther scientists f her time are in sme sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Cnrad Rentgen discvered X-ray in 1895. A year later， Antine Henri Becquerel fund that sme natural substances 3 rays， t. Later， Marie and her physicist husband， Pierre Curie， gave it a（n） 4 ， radiactivity.
Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radiactive substances fr decades using little r n prtectin. Marie’s death is a reminder f the risks pineers in science 7 . It was nly after peple handling radiactive substances began t get similar 8 that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin. Tday， medical health wrkers and patients wear heavy prtective 9 during X-rays.
It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers. There is a（n） 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers， but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn. Fr example， the space suits astrnauts wear 12 them against radiatin. Hwever， nly 13 will tell if there are sme ther unknwn dangers.
The cntributins and sacrifices by such pineers t the field f science are 14 and deserving f ur respect. Because the pineers nt nly 15 new frntiers， but als help us better prtect urselves frm unknwn surrundings.
本文介绍了著名科学家居里夫人及其他科学先驱为科学领域做出的贡献和牺牲。
1. A. extrardinaryB. radiactive
C. prtectiveD. creative
解析 B 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，故选B。extrardinary非凡的，radiactive放射性的，prtective保护性的，creative有创意的。
2. A. tragicB. inspiratinal
C. rmanticD. meaningful
解析 A 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学做出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨（tragic），故选A。inspiratinal鼓舞人心的， rmantic浪漫的，meaningful有意义的。
3. A. blckedB. absrbed
C. reflectedD.emitted
解析 D 一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出（emitted）射线，故选D。blck阻塞，absrb吸收，reflect反射。
4. A. privilegeB.name
C. nticeD. identity
解析 B 后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。 privilege特权，name名字，ntice注意，identity身份。B项符合语境。
5. A. scientificB. nvel
C. sensitiveD. harmful
解析 D 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，此处指的是有害的（harmful）影响，故选D。scientific科学的，nvel新奇的，sensitive敏感的。
6. A. cntempraryB. cnservative
C. curiusD. cautius
解析 A 几十年中，玛丽和她同时代的（cntemprary）科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎或完全没有防护措施，故选A。cnservative保守的，curius好奇的，cautius谨慎的。
7. A. deliverB. relieve
C. undertakeD. generate
解析 C 玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担（undertake）的风险，故选C。deliver交付，relieve缓解，generate产生。
8. A. rewardsB. warnings
C. diseasesD. titles
解析 C 由空前的"get similar"及空后的"that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin"可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人所患的疾病（diseases）。
9. A. glassesB. glves
C. shesD.cvers
解析 D 由常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩（cvers）。
10. A. ddB. inevitable
C. criticalD. intimidating
解析 B 探索科学前沿时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的（inevitable）。
11. A. fcusB. evlutin
C. demandD. breakthrugh
解析 C 先驱们需要更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的，故选C。
12.A. prtectB. fight
C. warnD. frbid
解析 A 例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护（prtect）他们免受辐射。
13. A. spaceB.time
C. technlgyD. histry
解析 B 由"Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later"可知，只有时间（time）才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。
14.A. unmatchedB. uplifting
C. glriusD. cncrete
解析 A 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"可知，这些先驱对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的（unmatched）。
15. A. extendB. prceed
C. muntD. explre
解析 D 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"及空后的"new frntiers"可知，此处指探索（explre）新的前沿领域。
三、语法填空
[中国情怀/2024江苏海安三校联考]Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China’s aerspace science 1 Qian Xuesen has. Brn in Hangzhu in 1911， Qian went t the United States fr further studies in 1935. Sn as a pineer in American jet and rcket technlgy， he and his clleagues 2 （fund） the Jet Prpulsin Labratry in the 1940s， nw ne f NASA’s leading space-explratin centres.
3 （vercme） many difficulties in the US， Qian eventually returned t China in 1955. He received a 4 （her） welcme frm his hmeland. At that time， in pr China， its rcket science was undevelped： N majrs in rcket science. N talents. N experts. Nevertheless， the "N"s didn’t discurage him frm taking 5 challenges. His reply t "Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles？" was a 6 （determine） "Why nt？ We Chinese are able t make the same things 7 ther peple make".
Under Qian’s leadership， China develped the Dngfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets can als8 （trace） back t Qian’s research， s he earned the name f "the father f China’ aerspace".
Qian was 9 （extreme） knwledgeable， especially in the area f frntier science research. Hwever， what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciatin fr art ften gave him 10 （inspire） in his scientific research.
On Octber 31， 2009， the whle cuntry was saddened by Qian’s death， and peple hnured and remembered him in different ways.
本文介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及其突出贡献。
1.than 考查连词。由前边的比较级greater可知，此处用连词than。
2.funded 考查动词的时态和语态。由时间状语in the 1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且主语与fund之间为主谓关系，故填funded。
3.Having vercme 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词。Qian与vercme之间是主谓关系，且非谓语所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以填Having vercme。
4.her’s 考查名词所有格。结合句意和后边的名词可知，空格处应填名词所有格her’s。
5.n 考查介词。take n为固定搭配，意为"接受"。
6.determined 考查形容词。此处应该用形容词determined（坚定的，坚决的）作定语。
7.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，再结合前边的the same可知，此处用that。
8.be traced 考查语态。much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets与trace之间为动宾关系，再结合前边的can可知，此处填be traced。
9.extremely 考查副词。所填词修饰形容词knwledgeable，作状语，故用副词extremely。
10.inspiratin 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语。所填词表示"灵感"，故应用不可数名词inspiratin。
A
[2024浙江名校协作体联考]Gladys West， the mathematician， was brn in 1930 in Virginia and had t help harvest crps n her family’s farm. The hard wrk started befre daybreak and lasted well int the blistering heat f the afternn. T get ut f there， she was ging t get an educatin.
Her parents tried t save sme mney t send her t cllege， but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund. Then a teacher annunced that the state was ging t give a cllege schlarship t the tw tp students frm her grade. Finally， West gt the schlarship， allwing her t attend Virginia State Cllege （nw Virginia State University）， a histrically black university.
West decided t majr in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men， but she didn’t take much ntice f it as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way. After graduating， she became a teacher. A few years later， she returned t the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. Then she was ffered a jb at a naval base in Dahlgren，Virginia. This made her nly the secnd black wman t be hired t wrk as a prgrammer at the base.
Despite her intellectual abilities and career success， West felt she was inferir. It was this feeling， deeply rted and felt by many African Americans， that drve her t wrk as hard as she culd. West determined t cmmit herself t her wrk， hping that by ding it t the best f her ability， she culd get recgnitin fr her wrk.
West did just that. In 1978， she became prject manager fr the Seasat prject， the first satellite that culd mnitr the ceans. She prgrammed an IBM 7030 "Stretch" cmputer， prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earth mdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit. In 1998， aged 68， she intended t fcus n her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduatin thesis and gained her PhD in public administratin and plicy affairs in 2000 at the age f 70.
本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家Gladys West的故事。她幼年家境贫困，上大学时主修数学，毕业后担任教师，后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力，她成为项目经理，70岁时获得了博士学位。
【词语积累】 prgrammer n.（计算机）程序员
intellectual adj.智力的；有才智的
cmmit neself t致力于
accurate adj.准确的，精确的
1.What was the decisive factr t enable Gladys West t g t the university？
A. Her teacher’s aiding her.
B. Her parents’ paying the expenses.
C. Her family backgrund.
D. The schlarship frm the gvernment.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段的"Then a teacher annunced her grade"可知，政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。结合该段下文内容可知，她获得了奖学金，进入了大学。据此可知，是政府提供的奖学金促成了她读大学，故D项正确。
2.What can we infer frm the text？
A. West gt all her degrees after retirement.
B. Men dminated the maths field in West’s days.
C. Black wmen scientists’ talent was fully appreciated.
D. When she began t wrk， West felt she was superir t thers.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段的"It was largely studied by men"可知，在那个年代，数学主要是由男性研究的；据此可以推知，在West那个年代，男性在数学领域占主导地位，故选B项。
3.What des the underlined phrase "a building blck" in paragraph 5 mean？
A. A basic part.B. A detailed map.
C. A building material.D. A majr bstacle.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由语境可知，画线短语所在句表示"这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础"，故画线短语的意思应为"基础组成部分，构成要素"，所以A项切题。
4.What kind f persn was Gladys West？
A. Helpful and serius.
B. Hnest and hardwrking.
C. Ambitius and cmmitted.
D. Cnsiderate and devted.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段描述可知，Gladys West自小在家从事艰苦劳动，为了离开家，她决定上学；由第三段内容可知，她决定学数学，虽然该领域内男性居多，但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知，她是一位有抱负的人。由第四段的"It was this as hard as she culd"可知，她是一位对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知，C项正确。
B
[2023河南郑州一测]French writer Annie Ernaux wn the 2022 Nbel Prize in Literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer t have wn the prize. In the wrds f the Nbel cmmittee， Ernaux was given the award "fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）" f her writing.
Having spent ver 5 decades as a writer， the 83-year-ld winner has published mre than 20 bks t her name，including CleanedOut（1974），Shame（1997），a 2008 memir（回忆录） called TheYearsandAGirl’sStry（2020）.
Rather than cnsider herself a writer f fictin， Ernaux has used the term "an ethnlgist（社会人类学家） f herself" t describe herself.
Brn in 1940 in a rural village in Nrmandy， France， Ernaux grew up in a wrking-class envirnment as her parents ran a cmbined grcery stre and café. She wrked as a teacher befre becming a full-time writer.
Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer：TheSecndSex by Simne de Beauvir and Distinctin by Pierre Burdieu. The frmer led her t write abut feminism（女权主义）， and the latter raised her awareness f the huge gap between her and the envirnment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences， her "upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd"als inspire many f her wrks， nted the scial media. Fr example， the bk Shame explres the theme f childhd trauma（精神创伤） while AGirl’sStry fllws a yung wman’s cming f age in the 1950s.
Thugh the matters Ernaux describes in her bks are serius and even smetimes heavy， they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as"flat writing"thrugh which she aims t tell her stries bjectively. "Her style is unshaped by flrid（过多修饰的） descriptin r verwhelming emtins，" nted Fx News.
"She writes abut things that n ne else writes abut， fr instance her jealusy（嫉妒）， her experiences as an abandned lver and s n， I mean， really hard experiences，" Anders Olssn， chairman f the Nbel literature cmmittee， said after the award annuncement in Stckhlm. He went n t say， "She gives wrds fr these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are shrt bks， but they are really mving."
2022年诺贝尔文学奖颁给了Annie Ernaux，她是第一位赢得这个奖项的法国女作家。
【词语积累】 inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发思考
bjectively adv.客观地
descriptin n. 描写（文字），形容，说明
1. What can be learned abut Annie Ernaux frm the passage？
A. She described herself as a science fictin writer.
B. She started with a full-time writer befre being a teacher.
C. She is cnsidered t be the first French persn t have wn the prize.
D. She was awarded fr the bravery and bservatin shwn in her writing.
解析 D 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"In the wrds...‘fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）’ f her writing"可知，D项正确。
2. What inspired Annie Ernaux t write her wrks？
A. Her hardships f life.
B. Her teaching career.
C. Her persnal experiences.
D. Her wrking-class backgrund.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer"和"Besides her reading influences， her ‘upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd’"可知，Annie Ernaux写作主要受到两个方面的影响：一是她读过的书，二是她的教养和个人经历，故C项正确。
3. Which wrds best describe Annie Ernaux’s writing style？
A. Serius and sharp.
B. Plain and bjective.
C. Light and humrus.
D. Elegant and descriptive.
解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第六段中的"Ernaux described her style as ‘flat writing’ "可知，B项正确。
4. What can be the best title fr this passage？
A. A Wman Telling Her Own Stries
B. A Teacher Becming a Full-time Writer
C. A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D. A French Female Fighting fr Wmen’s Rights
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Annie Ernaux通过平淡地、客观地、勇敢地在作品中讲述自己的经历从而获得诺贝尔文学奖的事情。故A项（一个讲述她自己故事的女士）最适合做本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023江苏四校期中联考]In memry f Marie Curie n her birthday n Saturday， the fficial website f the Nbel Prize psted a phtgraph f her ntebk saying. "Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk. Even tday her labratry ntebk frm 1899 t 1902， is 1 and will be fr 1，500 years."
The tales f Marie and ther scientists f her time are in sme sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Cnrad Rentgen discvered X-ray in 1895. A year later， Antine Henri Becquerel fund that sme natural substances 3 rays， t. Later， Marie and her physicist husband， Pierre Curie， gave it a（n） 4 ， radiactivity.
Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radiactive substances fr decades using little r n prtectin. Marie’s death is a reminder f the risks pineers in science 7 . It was nly after peple handling radiactive substances began t get similar 8 that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin. Tday， medical health wrkers and patients wear heavy prtective 9 during X-rays.
It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers. There is a（n） 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers， but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn. Fr example， the space suits astrnauts wear 12 them against radiatin. Hwever， nly 13 will tell if there are sme ther unknwn dangers.
The cntributins and sacrifices by such pineers t the field f science are 14 and deserving f ur respect. Because the pineers nt nly 15 new frntiers， but als help us better prtect urselves frm unknwn surrundings.
本文介绍了著名科学家居里夫人及其他科学先驱为科学领域做出的贡献和牺牲。
1. A. extrardinaryB. radiactive
C. prtectiveD. creative
解析 B 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，故选B。extrardinary非凡的，radiactive放射性的，prtective保护性的，creative有创意的。
2. A. tragicB. inspiratinal
C. rmanticD. meaningful
解析 A 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学做出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨（tragic），故选A。inspiratinal鼓舞人心的， rmantic浪漫的，meaningful有意义的。
3. A. blckedB. absrbed
C. reflectedD.emitted
解析 D 一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出（emitted）射线，故选D。blck阻塞，absrb吸收，reflect反射。
4. A. privilegeB.name
C. nticeD. identity
解析 B 后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。 privilege特权，name名字，ntice注意，identity身份。B项符合语境。
5. A. scientificB. nvel
C. sensitiveD. harmful
解析 D 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，此处指的是有害的（harmful）影响，故选D。scientific科学的，nvel新奇的，sensitive敏感的。
6. A. cntempraryB. cnservative
C. curiusD. cautius
解析 A 几十年中，玛丽和她同时代的（cntemprary）科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎或完全没有防护措施，故选A。cnservative保守的，curius好奇的，cautius谨慎的。
7. A. deliverB. relieve
C. undertakeD. generate
解析 C 玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担（undertake）的风险，故选C。deliver交付，relieve缓解，generate产生。
8. A. rewardsB. warnings
C. diseasesD. titles
解析 C 由空前的"get similar"及空后的"that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin"可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人所患的疾病（diseases）。
9. A. glassesB. glves
C. shesD.cvers
解析 D 由常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩（cvers）。
10. A. ddB. inevitable
C. criticalD. intimidating
解析 B 探索科学前沿时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的（inevitable）。
11. A. fcusB. evlutin
C. demandD. breakthrugh
解析 C 先驱们需要更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的，故选C。
12.A. prtectB. fight
C. warnD. frbid
解析 A 例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护（prtect）他们免受辐射。
13. A. spaceB.time
C. technlgyD. histry
解析 B 由"Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later"可知，只有时间（time）才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。
14.A. unmatchedB. uplifting
C. glriusD. cncrete
解析 A 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"可知，这些先驱对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的（unmatched）。
15. A. extendB. prceed
C. muntD. explre
解析 D 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"及空后的"new frntiers"可知，此处指探索（explre）新的前沿领域。
三、语法填空
[中国情怀/2024江苏海安三校联考]Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China’s aerspace science 1 Qian Xuesen has. Brn in Hangzhu in 1911， Qian went t the United States fr further studies in 1935. Sn as a pineer in American jet and rcket technlgy， he and his clleagues 2 （fund） the Jet Prpulsin Labratry in the 1940s， nw ne f NASA’s leading space-explratin centres.
3 （vercme） many difficulties in the US， Qian eventually returned t China in 1955. He received a 4 （her） welcme frm his hmeland. At that time， in pr China， its rcket science was undevelped： N majrs in rcket science. N talents. N experts. Nevertheless， the "N"s didn’t discurage him frm taking 5 challenges. His reply t "Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles？" was a 6 （determine） "Why nt？ We Chinese are able t make the same things 7 ther peple make".
Under Qian’s leadership， China develped the Dngfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets can als8 （trace） back t Qian’s research， s he earned the name f "the father f China’ aerspace".
Qian was 9 （extreme） knwledgeable， especially in the area f frntier science research. Hwever， what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciatin fr art ften gave him 10 （inspire） in his scientific research.
On Octber 31， 2009， the whle cuntry was saddened by Qian’s death， and peple hnured and remembered him in different ways.
本文介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及其突出贡献。
1.than 考查连词。由前边的比较级greater可知，此处用连词than。
2.funded 考查动词的时态和语态。由时间状语in the 1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且主语与fund之间为主谓关系，故填funded。
3.Having vercme 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词。Qian与vercme之间是主谓关系，且非谓语所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以填Having vercme。
4.her’s 考查名词所有格。结合句意和后边的名词可知，空格处应填名词所有格her’s。
5.n 考查介词。take n为固定搭配，意为"接受"。
6.determined 考查形容词。此处应该用形容词determined（坚定的，坚决的）作定语。
7.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，再结合前边的the same可知，此处用that。
8.be traced 考查语态。much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets与trace之间为动宾关系，再结合前边的can可知，此处填be traced。
9.extremely 考查副词。所填词修饰形容词knwledgeable，作状语，故用副词extremely。
10.inspiratin 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语。所填词表示"灵感"，故应用不可数名词inspiratin。
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